1
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Low HY, Yang CT, Xia B, He T, Lam WWC, Ng DCE. Radiolabeled Liposomes for Nuclear Imaging Probes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093798. [PMID: 37175207 PMCID: PMC10180453 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative nuclear imaging techniques are in high demand for various disease diagnostics and cancer theranostics. The non-invasive imaging modality requires radiotracing through the radioactive decay emission of the radionuclide. Current preclinical and clinical radiotracers, so-called nuclear imaging probes, are radioisotope-labeled small molecules. Liposomal radiotracers have been rapidly developing as novel nuclear imaging probes. The physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of liposomes have been elucidated to address their long circulation and stability as radiopharmaceuticals. Various radiolabeling methods for synthesizing radionuclides onto liposomes and synthesis strategies have been summarized to render them biocompatible and enable specific targeting. Through a variety of radionuclide labeling methods, radiolabeled liposomes for use as nuclear imaging probes can be obtained for in vivo biodistribution and specific targeting studies. The advantages of radiolabeled liposomes including their use as potential clinical nuclear imaging probes have been highlighted. This review is a comprehensive overview of all recently published liposomal SPECT and PET imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Ying Low
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Chang-Tong Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Bin Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Tao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Winnie Wing Chuen Lam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - David Chee Eng Ng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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2
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Zhang LY, Yang X, Wang SB, Chen H, Pan HY, Hu ZM. Membrane Derived Vesicles as Biomimetic Carriers for Targeted Drug Delivery System. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2472-2492. [PMID: 32962615 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200922113054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles (MVs) playing important roles in various cellular and molecular functions in cell-to-cell signaling and transmitting molecular signals to adjacent as well as distant cells. The preserved cell membrane characteristics in MVs derived from live cells, give them great potential in biological applications. EVs are nanoscale particulates secreted from living cells and play crucial roles in several important cellular functions both in physiological and pathological states. EVs are the main elements in intercellular communication in which they serve as carriers for various endogenous cargo molecules, such as RNAs, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. High tissue tropism capacity that can be conveniently mediated by surface molecules, such as integrins and glycans, is a unique feature of EVs that makes them interesting candidates for targeted drug delivery systems. The cell-derived giant MVs have been exploited as vehicles for delivery of various anticancer agents and imaging probes and for implementing combinational phototherapy for targeted cancer treatment. Giant MVs can efficiently encapsulate therapeutic drugs and deliver them to target cells through the membrane fusion process to synergize photodynamic/photothermal treatment under light exposure. EVs can load diagnostic or therapeutic agents using different encapsulation or conjugation methods. Moreover, to prolong the blood circulation and enhance the targeting of the loaded agents, a variety of modification strategies can be exploited. This paper reviews the EVs-based drug delivery strategies in cancer therapy. Biological, pharmacokinetics and physicochemical characteristics, isolation techniques, engineering, and drug loading strategies of EVs are discussed. The recent preclinical and clinical progresses in applications of EVs and oncolytic virus therapy based on EVs, the clinical challenges and perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Chun’an First People’s Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun’an
Branch), Hangzhou 311700, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shi-Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hong-Ying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China,Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China,Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
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3
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Martin JD, Miyazaki T, Cabral H. Remodeling tumor microenvironment with nanomedicines. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1730. [PMID: 34124849 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been recognized as a major contributor to cancer malignancy and therapeutic resistance. Thus, strategies directed to re-engineer the TME are emerging as promising approaches for improving the efficacy of antitumor therapies by enhancing tumor perfusion and drug delivery, as well as alleviating the immunosuppressive TME. In this regard, nanomedicine has shown great potential for developing effective treatments capable of re-modeling the TME by controlling drug action in a spatiotemporal manner and allowing long-lasting modulatory effects on the TME. Herein, we review recent progress on TME re-engineering by using nanomedicine, particularly focusing on formulations controlling TME characteristics through targeted interaction with cellular components of the TME. Importantly, the TME should be re-engineering to a quiescent phenotype rather than be destroyed. Finally, immediate challenges and future perspectives of TME-re-engineering nanomedicines are discussed, anticipating further innovation in this growing field. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takuya Miyazaki
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ebina, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Børresen B, Hansen AE, Fliedner FP, Henriksen JR, Elema DR, Brandt-Larsen M, Kristensen LK, Kristensen AT, Andresen TL, Kjær A. Noninvasive Molecular Imaging of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect by 64Cu-Liposomes: In vivo Correlations with 68Ga-RGD, Fluid Pressure, Diffusivity and 18F-FDG. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8571-8581. [PMID: 33173294 PMCID: PMC7646401 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s239172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The accumulation of liposome encapsulated chemotherapy in solid cancers is dependent on the presence of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with a liposome encapsulated radioisotope, such as liposome encapsulated Cu-64 (64Cu-liposome) may help to identify tumors with high liposome accumulation, and thereby stratify patients based on expected benefit from liposomal chemotherapy. However, intravenous administration of liposomes without a cytotoxic content is complicated by the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon for succeeding therapeutic liposome dosing. Alternative markers for assessing the tumor’s EPR level are therefore warranted. Materials and Methods To increase our understanding of EPR variations and to ultimately identify an alternative marker for the EPR effect, we investigated the correlation between 64Cu-liposome PET/CT (EPR effect) and 68Ga-RGD PET/CT (neoangiogenesis), 18F-FDG PET/CT (glycolysis), diffusion-weighted MRI (diffusivity) and interstitial fluid pressure in two experimental cancer models (CT26 and COLO 205). Results 64Cu-liposome and 68Ga-RGD SUVmax displayed a significant moderate correlation, however, none of the other parameters evaluated displayed significant correlations. These results indicate that differences in neoangiogenesis may explain some EPR variability, however, as correlations were only moderate and not observed for SUVmean, 68Ga-RGD is probably insufficient to serve as a stand-alone surrogate marker for quantifying the EPR effect and stratifying patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina Børresen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - Anders Elias Hansen
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark
| | - Frederikke Petrine Fliedner
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Jonas Rosager Henriksen
- DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark
| | - Dennis Ringkjøbing Elema
- DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, The Hevesy Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
| | - Malene Brandt-Larsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Lotte Kellemann Kristensen
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, The Hevesy Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark.,Minerva Imaging, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Thuri Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, The Hevesy Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark.,Minerva Imaging, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
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5
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Böttger R, Pauli G, Chao PH, AL Fayez N, Hohenwarter L, Li SD. Lipid-based nanoparticle technologies for liver targeting. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 154-155:79-101. [PMID: 32574575 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are global health problems accounting for approximately 800 million cases and over 2 million deaths per year worldwide. Major drawbacks of standard pharmacological therapies are the inability to deliver a sufficient concentration of a therapeutic agent to the diseased liver, and nonspecific drug delivery leading to undesirable systemic side effects. Additionally, depending on the specific liver disease, drug delivery to a subset of liver cells is required. In recent years, lipid nanoparticles have been developed to passively and actively target drugs to the liver. The success of this approach has been highlighted by the FDA-approval of the first liver-targeting lipid nanoparticle, ONPATTRO, in 2018 and many other promising candidate technologies are expected to follow. This review summarizes recent developments of various lipid-based liver-targeting technologies, namely solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes and micelles, and discusses the challenges and future perspectives in this field.
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6
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Walker S, Busatto S, Pham A, Tian M, Suh A, Carson K, Quintero A, Lafrence M, Malik H, Santana MX, Wolfram J. Extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. Theranostics 2019; 9:8001-8017. [PMID: 31754377 PMCID: PMC6857056 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring cell-secreted nanoparticles that play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. EVs enable intercellular communication by serving as delivery vehicles for a wide range of endogenous cargo molecules, such as RNAs, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. EVs have also been found to display tissue tropism mediated by surface molecules, such as integrins and glycans, making them promising for drug delivery applications. Various methods can be used to load therapeutic agents into EVs, and additional modification strategies have been employed to prolong circulation and improve targeting. This review gives an overview of EV-based drug delivery strategies in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Walker
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sara Busatto
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Anthony Pham
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Annie Suh
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Kelsey Carson
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Astrid Quintero
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Maria Lafrence
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hanna Malik
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Moises X. Santana
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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7
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Abstract
Nanotechnology offers new solutions for the development of cancer therapeutics that display improved efficacy and safety. Although several nanotherapeutics have received clinical approval, the most promising nanotechnology applications for patients still lie ahead. Nanoparticles display unique transport, biological, optical, magnetic, electronic, and thermal properties that are not apparent on the molecular or macroscale, and can be utilized for therapeutic purposes. These characteristics arise because nanoparticles are in the same size range as the wavelength of light and display large surface area to volume ratios. The large size of nanoparticles compared to conventional chemotherapeutic agents or biological macromolecule drugs also enables incorporation of several supportive components in addition to active pharmaceutical ingredients. These components can facilitate solubilization, protection from degradation, sustained release, immunoevasion, tissue penetration, imaging, targeting, and triggered activation. Nanoparticles are also processed differently in the body compared to conventional drugs. Specifically, nanoparticles display unique hemodynamic properties and biodistribution profiles. Notably, the interactions that occur at the bio-nano interface can be exploited for improved drug delivery. This review discusses successful clinically approved cancer nanodrugs as well as promising candidates in the pipeline. These nanotherapeutics are categorized according to whether they predominantly exploit multifunctionality, unique electromagnetic properties, or distinct transport characteristics in the body. Moreover, future directions in nanomedicine such as companion diagnostics, strategies for modifying the microenvironment, spatiotemporal nanoparticle transitions, and the use of extracellular vesicles for drug delivery are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Wolfram
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
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8
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Man F, Gawne PJ, T M de Rosales R. Nuclear imaging of liposomal drug delivery systems: A critical review of radiolabelling methods and applications in nanomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 143:134-160. [PMID: 31170428 PMCID: PMC6866902 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The integration of nuclear imaging with nanomedicine is a powerful tool for efficient development and clinical translation of liposomal drug delivery systems. Furthermore, it may allow highly efficient imaging-guided personalised treatments. In this article, we critically review methods available for radiolabelling liposomes. We discuss the influence that the radiolabelling methods can have on their biodistribution and highlight the often-overlooked possibility of misinterpretation of results due to decomposition in vivo. We stress the need for knowing the biodistribution/pharmacokinetics of both the radiolabelled liposomal components and free radionuclides in order to confidently evaluate the images, as they often share excretion pathways with intact liposomes (e.g. phospholipids, metallic radionuclides) and even show significant tumour uptake by themselves (e.g. some radionuclides). Finally, we describe preclinical and clinical studies using radiolabelled liposomes and discuss their impact in supporting liposomal drug development and clinical translation in several diseases, including personalised nanomedicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Gawne
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand Campus, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
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9
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10
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Abstract
Imaging plays a key role in the preclinical evaluation of nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems and it has provided important insights into their mechanism of action and therapeutic effect. Its role in supporting the clinical development of nanomedicine products, however, has been less explored. In this review, we summarize clinical studies in which imaging has provided valuable information on the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and target site accumulation of nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems. Importantly, these studies provide convincing evidence on the uptake of nanomedicines in tumors, confirming that the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is a real phenomenon in patients, albeit with fairly high levels of inter- and intraindividual variability. It is gradually becoming clear that imaging is critically important to help address this high heterogeneity. In support of this notion, a decent correlation between nanomedicine uptake in tumors and antitumor efficacy has recently been obtained in two independent studies in patients, exemplifying that image-guided drug delivery can help to pave the way towards individualized and improved nanomedicine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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11
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Innis-Whitehouse W, Wang X, Restrepo N, Salas C, Moreno K, Restrepo A, Keniry M. Kaposi sarcoma incidence in females is nearly four-fold higher in the Lower Rio Grande Valley compared to the Texas average. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2018; 16:45-52. [PMID: 31299002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) is located on U.S.-Mexican border with a population that is 90% Hispanic [1]. Comprised of Hidalgo, Cameron, Starr and Willacy counties, this region has the highest poverty rate and one of the highest incidences of Type 2 diabetes in the United States [2-4]. Previous studies demonstrated a high prevalence of Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8) in the LRGV [5-7]. HHV8 infection has been causally linked to Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) [8]. Here, we retrospectively examine the incidence of KS in the LRGV in a set of HIV-negative Hispanic patients. Strikingly, the incidence of KS was higher in LRGV women compared to the Texas state average (nearly four-fold higher in McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr Metro Statistical Area). This unique profile aligns with the increased HHV8 prevalence in the LRGV, suggesting that HHV8 contributes to a high incidence of HIV-negative KS on the U.S.-Mexican border in Texas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Innis-Whitehouse
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
| | - Nicolas Restrepo
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
| | - Carlos Salas
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
| | - Katia Moreno
- Texas Oncology, 1901 S. 2nd St., McAllen, TX 78503, USA.
| | | | - Megan Keniry
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
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12
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Björnmalm M, Thurecht KJ, Michael M, Scott AM, Caruso F. Bridging Bio-Nano Science and Cancer Nanomedicine. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9594-9613. [PMID: 28926225 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The interface of bio-nano science and cancer medicine is an area experiencing much progress but also beset with controversy. Core concepts of the field-e.g., the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, tumor targeting and accumulation, and even the purpose of "nano" in cancer medicine-are hotly debated. In parallel, considerable advances in neighboring fields are occurring rapidly, including the recent progress of "immuno-oncology" and the fundamental impact it is having on our understanding and the clinical treatment of the group of diseases collectively known as cancer. Herein, we (i) revisit how cancer is commonly treated in the clinic and how this relates to nanomedicine; (ii) examine the ongoing debate on the relevance of the EPR effect and tumor targeting; (iii) highlight ways to improve the next-generation of nanomedicines; and (iv) discuss the emerging concept of working with (and not against) biology. While discussing these controversies, challenges, emerging concepts, and opportunities, we explore new directions for the field of cancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Björnmalm
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and The Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Michael
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Hospital , Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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13
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Børresen B, Hansen AE, Kjaer A, Andresen TL, Kristensen AT. Liposome-encapsulated chemotherapy: Current evidence for its use in companion animals. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:E1-E15. [PMID: 29027350 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic drugs encapsulated into liposomes were originally designed to increase the anticancer response, while minimizing off-target adverse effects. The first liposomal chemotherapeutic drug was approved for use in humans more than 20 years ago, and the first publication regarding its use in a canine cancer patient was published shortly thereafter. Regardless, no general application for liposomal cytotoxic drugs has been established in veterinary oncology till now. Due to the popularity of canines as experimental models for pharmacokinetic analyses and toxicity studies, multiple publications exist describing various liposomal drugs in healthy dogs. Also, some evidence for its use in veterinary cancer patients exists, especially in canine lymphoma, canine splenic hemangiosarcoma and feline soft tissue sarcoma, however, the results have not been overwhelming. Reasons for this may be related to inherent issues with the enhanced permeability and retention effect, the tumour phenomenon which liposomal drugs exploit. This effect seems very heterogeneously distributed in the tumour. Also, it is potentially not as ubiquitously occurring as once thought, and it may prove important to select patients for liposomal therapy on an individual, non-histology-oriented, basis. Concurrently, new developments with active-release modified liposomes in experimental models and humans will likely be relevant for veterinary patients as well, and holds the potential to improve the therapeutic response. It, however, does not resolve the other challenges that liposomal chemotherapy faces, and more work still needs to be done to determine which veterinary patients may benefit the most from liposomal chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Børresen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - A E Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - A Kjaer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - T L Andresen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - A T Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Yingchoncharoen P, Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR. Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy: What Is Available and What Is Yet to Come. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:701-87. [PMID: 27363439 PMCID: PMC4931871 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.012070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death in many countries around the world. However, the efficacy of current standard treatments for a variety of cancers is suboptimal. First, most cancer treatments lack specificity, meaning that these treatments affect both cancer cells and their normal counterparts. Second, many anticancer agents are highly toxic, and thus, limit their use in treatment. Third, a number of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics are highly hydrophobic, which limits their utility in cancer therapy. Finally, many chemotherapeutic agents exhibit short half-lives that curtail their efficacy. As a result of these deficiencies, many current treatments lead to side effects, noncompliance, and patient inconvenience due to difficulties in administration. However, the application of nanotechnology has led to the development of effective nanosized drug delivery systems known commonly as nanoparticles. Among these delivery systems, lipid-based nanoparticles, particularly liposomes, have shown to be quite effective at exhibiting the ability to: 1) improve the selectivity of cancer chemotherapeutic agents; 2) lower the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs to normal tissues, and thus, reduce their toxic side effects; 3) increase the solubility of hydrophobic drugs; and 4) offer a prolonged and controlled release of agents. This review will discuss the current state of lipid-based nanoparticle research, including the development of liposomes for cancer therapy, different strategies for tumor targeting, liposomal formulation of various anticancer drugs that are commercially available, recent progress in liposome technology for the treatment of cancer, and the next generation of lipid-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatsapong Yingchoncharoen
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Hansen AE, Petersen AL, Henriksen JR, Boerresen B, Rasmussen P, Elema DR, af Rosenschöld PM, Kristensen AT, Kjær A, Andresen TL. Positron Emission Tomography Based Elucidation of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect in Dogs with Cancer Using Copper-64 Liposomes. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6985-6995. [PMID: 26022907 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the first report of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, the research in nanocarrier based antitumor drugs has been intense. The field has been devoted to treatment of cancer by exploiting EPR-based accumulation of nanocarriers in solid tumors, which for many years was considered to be a ubiquitous phenomenon. However, the understanding of differences in the EPR-effect between tumor types, heterogeneities within each patient group, and dependency on tumor development stage in humans is sparse. It is therefore important to enhance our understanding of the EPR-effect in large animals and humans with spontaneously developed cancer. In the present paper, we describe a novel loading method of copper-64 into PEGylated liposomes and use these liposomes to evaluate the EPR-effect in 11 canine cancer patients with spontaneous solid tumors by PET/CT imaging. We thereby provide the first high-resolution analysis of EPR-based tumor accumulation in large animals. We find that the EPR-effect is strong in some tumor types but cannot be considered a general feature of solid malignant tumors since we observed a high degree of accumulation heterogeneity between tumors. Six of seven included carcinomas displayed high uptake levels of liposomes, whereas one of four sarcomas displayed signs of liposome retention. We conclude that nanocarrier-radiotracers could be important in identifying cancer patients that will benefit from nanocarrier-based therapeutics in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders E Hansen
- †Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Building 423, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anncatrine L Petersen
- †Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Building 423, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonas R Henriksen
- †Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Building 423, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- §DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 206, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Betina Boerresen
- ∥Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 16, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Palle Rasmussen
- †Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Building 423, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- ⊥DTU Nutech, Hevesy Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Dennis R Elema
- †Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Building 423, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- ⊥DTU Nutech, Hevesy Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Per Munck af Rosenschöld
- #Radiation Medicine Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annemarie T Kristensen
- ∥Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 16, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas L Andresen
- †Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Building 423, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Abou DS, Pickett JE, Thorek DLJ. Nuclear molecular imaging with nanoparticles: radiochemistry, applications and translation. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20150185. [PMID: 26133075 PMCID: PMC4730968 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging provides considerable insight into biological processes for greater understanding of health and disease. Numerous advances in medical physics, chemistry and biology have driven the growth of this field in the past two decades. With exquisite sensitivity, depth of detection and potential for theranostics, radioactive imaging approaches have played a major role in the emergence of molecular imaging. At the same time, developments in materials science, characterization and synthesis have led to explosive progress in the nanoparticle (NP) sciences. NPs are generally defined as particles with a diameter in the nanometre size range. Unique physical, chemical and biological properties arise at this scale, stimulating interest for applications as diverse as energy production and storage, chemical catalysis and electronics. In biomedicine, NPs have generated perhaps the greatest attention. These materials directly interface with life at the subcellular scale of nucleic acids, membranes and proteins. In this review, we will detail the advances made in combining radioactive imaging and NPs. First, we provide an overview of the NP platforms and their properties. This is followed by a look at methods for radiolabelling NPs with gamma-emitting radionuclides for use in single photon emission CT and planar scintigraphy. Next, utilization of positron-emitting radionuclides for positron emission tomography is considered. Finally, recent advances for multimodal nuclear imaging with NPs and efforts for clinical translation and ongoing trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Abou
- 1 Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J E Pickett
- 1 Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D L J Thorek
- 1 Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,2 Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Azhdarinia A, Ghosh S. Nuclear Imaging with Nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014. [DOI: 10.1201/b17246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Abstract
Nuclear imaging techniques that include positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon computed tomography have found great success in the clinic because of their inherent high sensitivity. Radionuclide imaging is the most popular form of imaging to be used for molecular imaging in oncology. While many types of molecules have been used for radionuclide-based molecular imaging, there has been a great interest in developing newer nanomaterials for use in clinic, especially for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials have unique physical properties which allow them to be used as imaging probes to locate and identify cancerous lesions. Over the past decade, a great number of nanoparticles have been developed for radionuclide imaging of cancer. This chapter reviews the different kinds of nanomaterials, both organic and inorganic, which are currently being researched for as potential agents for nuclear imaging of variety of cancers. Several radiolabeled multifunctional nanocarriers have been extremely successful for the detection of cancer in preclinical models. So far, significant progress has been achieved in nanoparticle structure design, in vitro/in vivo trafficking, and in vivo fate mapping by using PET. There is a great need for the development of newer nanoparticles, which improve active targeting and quantify new biomarkers for early disease detection and possible prevention of cancer.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles are increasingly being incorporated into the design of diagnostic imaging agents. Significant research efforts have been conducted with one class of lipid nanoparticle (liposomes) radiolabeled with gamma-emitting radionuclides as radiopharmaceuticals for scintigraphic imaging of cancer, inflammation/infection and sentinel lymph node detection. OBJECTIVE This article reviews the current literature with special emphasis on the clinical studies performed with liposome radiopharmaceuticals for detection of tumors, infectious/inflammatory sites or metastatic lymph nodes. Future uses of liposome radiopharmaceuticals are also described. METHODS Characteristics required of the radionuclide, liposome formulation and radiolabeling method for an effective radiopharmaceutical are discussed. A description of the procedures and instrumentation for conducting an imaging study with liposome radiopharmaceutical is included. Clinical studies using liposome radiopharmaceuticals are summarized. Future imaging applications of first- and second-generation radiolabeled liposomes for chemodosimetry and the specific targeting of a disease process are also described. RESULTS/CONCLUSION The choice of radionuclide, liposome formulation and radiolabeling method must be carefully considered during the design of a liposome radiopharmaceutical for a given application. After-loading and surface chelation methods are the most efficient and practical. Clinical studies with liposome radiopharmaceuticals demonstrated that a wide variety of tumors could be detected with good sensitivity and specificity. Liposome radiopharmaceuticals could also clearly detect various soft tissue and bone inflammatory/infectious lesions, and performed equal to or better than infection imaging agents that are approved at present. Yet, despite these favorable results, no liposome radiopharmaceutical has been approved for any indication. Some of the reasons for this can be attributed to reports of an unexpected infusion-related adverse reaction in two studies, the requirement of more complex liposome manufacturing procedures, and the adoption of other competing imaging procedures. Continued research of liposome radiopharmaceutical design based on a better understanding of liposome biology, improved radiolabeling methodologies and advances in gamma camera technology is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Goins
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX Department of Radiology, Mail Code 7800, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA +1 210 567 5575 ; +1 210 567 5549 ;
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Allen TM, Cullis PR. Liposomal drug delivery systems: from concept to clinical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:36-48. [PMID: 23036225 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2927] [Impact Index Per Article: 266.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first closed bilayer phospholipid systems, called liposomes, were described in 1965 and soon were proposed as drug delivery systems. The pioneering work of countless liposome researchers over almost 5 decades led to the development of important technical advances such as remote drug loading, extrusion for homogeneous size, long-circulating (PEGylated) liposomes, triggered release liposomes, liposomes containing nucleic acid polymers, ligand-targeted liposomes and liposomes containing combinations of drugs. These advances have led to numerous clinical trials in such diverse areas as the delivery of anti-cancer, anti-fungal and antibiotic drugs, the delivery of gene medicines, and the delivery of anesthetics and anti-inflammatory drugs. A number of liposomes (lipidic nanoparticles) are on the market, and many more are in the pipeline. Lipidic nanoparticles are the first nanomedicine delivery system to make the transition from concept to clinical application, and they are now an established technology platform with considerable clinical acceptance. We can look forward to many more clinical products in the future.
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21
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Petersen AL, Hansen AE, Gabizon A, Andresen TL. Liposome imaging agents in personalized medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1417-35. [PMID: 22982406 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the importance of molecular and diagnostic imaging has increased dramatically in the treatment planning of many diseases and in particular in cancer therapy. Within nanomedicine there are particularly interesting possibilities for combining imaging and therapy. Engineered liposomes that selectively localize in tumor tissue can transport both drugs and imaging agents, which allows for a theranostic approach with great potential in personalized medicine. Radiolabeling of liposomes have for many years been used in preclinical studies for evaluating liposome in vivo performance and has been an important tool in the development of liposomal drugs. However, advanced imaging systems now provide new possibilities for non-invasive monitoring of liposome biodistribution in humans. Thus, advances in imaging and developments in liposome radiolabeling techniques allow us to enter a new arena where we start to consider how to use imaging for patient selection and treatment monitoring in connection to nanocarrier based medicines. Nanocarrier imaging agents could furthermore have interesting properties for disease diagnostics and staging. Here, we review the major advances in the development of radiolabeled liposomes for imaging as a tool in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anncatrine L Petersen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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22
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Forssen EA, Ross ME. Daunoxome® Treatment of Solid Tumors: Preclinical and Clinical Investigations. J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982109409037058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) occurs in more than 10% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and has a high mortality rate. Prompt detection, diagnosis, and treatment reduce patient morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of 99mTc-hexakis-2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) imaging in detecting pulmonary AIDS-related KS. METHODS 99mTc-MIBI imaging was performed on 72 human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with bronchoscopic diagnosis of pulmonary KS (36 patients), pneumonia (22), normal tracheo-bronchial tree (11), lymphoma (2), and bronchogenic carcinoma (1). Lung uptake and lymph node detection in KS were compared on planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans. RESULTS The lung/myocardium ratios on the 1-h planar images were significantly higher in KS and normal lungs than opportunistic infection. Using the lung/myocardium ratio of 1 as cutoff, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the 1-h planar images for detecting pulmonary KS were 75, 57.58, and 66.67%, respectively. Abnormal lymph node uptake, pleural/pericardial effusions, and ascites were detected more readily on SPECT. CONCLUSION Planar 99mTc-MIBI imaging has moderate sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting pulmonary KS. SPECT is more effective in detecting abnormal lymph nodes, pleural/pericardial effusions, and ascites. 99mTc-MIBI SPECT followed by planar imaging at 40-60 min can be useful in assessing pulmonary KS.
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25
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Jensen GM, Bunch TH. Conventional liposome performance and evaluation: lessons from the development of Vescan. J Liposome Res 2008; 17:121-37. [PMID: 18027233 DOI: 10.1080/08982100701527981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the early 1980s, Vestar Inc., a company founded on the basis of science developed by the California Institute of Technology and the City of Hope, brought into development an imaging agent based on liposome encapsulated (111)In(3+). This agent, named Vescan, together with the gamma ray perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy technique to examine liposome integrity, was envisioned as a broadly applicable in vivo tumor diagnostic agent. While not ultimately commercialized, the agent was used to successfully image a variety of tumors, and was evaluated in late-stage clinical trials. Lessons learned from the formulation and process development of this product, and the wealth of non-clinical and clinical results, revealed valuable information about the properties of stable, RES avoiding conventional liposomes. This technology ultimately would lead (at NeXstar Pharmaceuticals and, later, at Gilead Sciences) to the technology that created commercialized liposomal products such as AmBisome and DaunoXome as well as other development stage product candidates.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Kapoksi's sarcoma (KS) is a common neoplasm complicating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Skin, mucus membranes, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract and lungs may be involved. Kaposi's sarcoma has been demonstrated by scintigraphy, and a (99m)Tc-hexakis-2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) scan can demonstrate lymphoma and tumors of the brain, nasopharynx, thyroid, parathyroid, lung, breast and kidney. It may also be useful for detecting and delineating the extent of KS. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of (99m)Tc-MIBI scanning to demonstrate cutaneous AIDS-associated KS, lymphedema and lymphadenopathy in the extremities. METHODS Whole body (99m)Tc-MIBI scans were obtained on 40 patients with AIDS-associated KS. Abnormal uptake of (99m)Tc-MIBI in the skin, subcutaneous soft tissues and lymph nodes was compared with the clinical assessment. RESULTS The (99m)Tc-MIBI uptake was noted in the cutaneous/subcutaneous KS of the extremities with a sensitivity of 73.53%, a specificity of 96.91% and an accuracy of 91.31%. Abnormal lymph nodes and lymphedema were detected in more patients on (99m)Tc-MIBI scans (33 and 18 patients) than clinical assessment (10 and 12 patients), respectively. Lymphedema of the lower extremity was found in four of 17 patients without any palpable or abnormal lymph node uptake of (99m)Tc-MIBI in the inguinal regions. Follow-up (99m)Tc-MIBI scans after treatment showed no uptake in the skin lesions and decreased uptake in the lymph nodes corresponding to complete clearing on clinical assessment. CONCLUSIONS (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging provides additional information on the extent of lymph node involvement and more precise staging and therapeutic planning. It may be useful as a predictive test or follow up of response of cutaneous KS to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia I Peer
- Department of Radiography, Durban Institute of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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27
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Kostarelos K. Rational design and engineering of delivery systems for therapeutics: biomedical exercises in colloid and surface science. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 106:147-68. [PMID: 14672846 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-8686(03)00109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Engineering delivery systems of therapeutic agents has grown into an independent field, transcending the scope of traditional disciplines and capturing the interest of both academic and industrial research. At the same time, the acceleration in the discovery of new therapeutic moieties (chemical, biological, genetic and radiological) has led to an increasing demand for delivery systems capable of protecting, transporting, and selectively depositing those therapeutic agents to desired sites. The vast majority of delivery systems physically reside in the colloidal domain, while their surface properties and interfacial interactions with the biological milieu critically determine the pharmacological profiles of the delivered therapeutic agents. Interestingly though, the colloidal and surface properties of delivery systems are commonly overlooked in view of the predominant attention placed on the therapeutic effectiveness achieved. Moreover, the development and evaluation of novel delivery systems towards clinical use is often progressed by serendipity rather than a systematic design process, often leading to failure. The present article will attempt to illustrate the colloid and interfacial perspective of a delivery event, as well as exemplify the vast opportunities offered by treating, analysing and manipulating delivery systems as colloidal systems. Exploring and defining the colloid and surface nature of the interactions taking place between the biological moieties in the body and an administered delivery vehicle will allow for the rational engineering of effective delivery systems. A design scheme is also proposed on the way in which the engineering of advanced delivery systems should be practiced towards their transformation from laboratory inventions to clinically viable therapeutics. Lastly, three case studies are presented, demonstrating how rational manipulation of the colloidal and surface properties of delivery systems can lead to newly engineered systems relevant to chemotherapy, gene therapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Kostarelos
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies Centre, Flowers Building, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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28
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Cervetti G, Caracciolo F, Cecconi N, Azzarà A, Petrini M. Efficacy and toxicity of liposomal daunorubicin included in PVABEC regimen for aggressive NHL of the elderly. Leuk Lymphoma 2003; 44:465-9. [PMID: 12688316 DOI: 10.1080/1042819021000037921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes used for delivering antineoplastic drugs to sites of disease are able to minimize side effects and enhance therapeutic efficacy. Liposomal Daunorubicin (Daunoxome; DNX) has a selective and higher accumulation in neoplastic tissues and seems to be able to escape Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR). We treated 35 elderly patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with PVBECDNX, a regimen analogue to P-VABEC in which doxorubicin is replaced with DNX at a dose of 50 mg (first 13 patients) and thereafter 50 mg/m2. Twenty-six out of 35 patients were evaluable for response; 15 obtained a CR, 5 a PR (overall response rate of 77%). After a median follow-up of 13 months the 2-years actuarial overall survival was 75% and the failure-free survival was 71%. Two patients out of six no responders died because of progression of disease, and one died in CR because of pre-existing cardiovascular disorders. Eight patients did not tolerate DNX infusion (back pain). Non-haematological toxicity was mild. This study confirms that PVABEC-like regimens are able to induce a high overall response rate in a percentage of patients affected by aggressive lymphoma and shows that DNX is as effective as Daunorubicin in these disorders, but its acute toxicity is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cervetti
- Department of Oncology, Division of Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Harrington KJ, Syrigos KN, Vile RG. Liposomally targeted cytotoxic drugs for the treatment of cancer. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002; 54:1573-600. [PMID: 12542887 DOI: 10.1211/0022357002243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid spherules composed of lipid bilayer membranes entrapping a central aqueous core were first described more than 30 years ago (Bangham et al 1965). The term liposome was coined in 1968 (Sessa & Weissmann 1968) and the first suggestions that these vesicles might have potential as vehicles for targeted drug delivery for a range of diseases, including cancer, appeared shortly afterwards (Gregoriades et al 1974; Gregoriades 1976a, b). However, the process of turning this expectation into a clinical reality has suffered a number of setbacks and has taken more than a quarter of a century. In the process, new types of liposomes with favourable in-vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution patterns have been generated (Lasic & Papahadjopoulos 1995). Many of these preparations have been subjected to extensive examination and an increasing number of agents have entered clinical trials. In this review, we will trace the development of those liposomes that are currently undergoing (or are about to undergo) clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Harrington
- Cancer Research UK Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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Abstract
Liposomes, spherical lipid bilayers enclosing an aqueous space, have become an important class of drug carriers. This review describes the usefulness of scintigraphic imaging during the development of liposome-based drugs. This imaging modality is particularly helpful for tracking the distribution of liposomes in the body, monitoring the therapeutic responses following administration of liposome-based drugs, and investigating the physiological responses associated with liposome administration. Scintigraphy also can be used to monitor the therapeutic responses of patients given approved liposomal drugs. Several examples describing the potential of this imaging modality during both the preclinical formulation and clinical trial stages of liposomal drug development are included. Techniques for radiolabeling liposomes as well as methods for producing scintigraphic images are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A. Goins
- Radiology Department Mail Code 7800, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900,
| | - William T. Phillips
- Radiology Department Mail Code 7800, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900,
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Harrington KJ. Liposomal cancer chemotherapy: current clinical applications and future prospects. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2001; 10:1045-61. [PMID: 11772234 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.10.6.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K J Harrington
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Rd, London SW3 6JB, UK
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Harrington KJ, Lewanski CR, Stewart JS. Liposomes as vehicles for targeted therapy of cancer. Part 2: clinical development. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2000; 12:16-24. [PMID: 10749015 DOI: 10.1053/clon.2000.9105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K J Harrington
- ICRF Oncology Unit, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Levitt
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London
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Ishii N, Fukushima J, Kaneko T, Okada E, Tani K, Tanaka SI, Hamajima K, Xin KQ, Kawamoto S, Koff W, Nishioka K, Yasuda T, Okuda K. Cationic liposomes are a strong adjuvant for a DNA vaccine of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1997; 13:1421-8. [PMID: 9359662 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1997.13.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes have been widely used to enhance the immune response. In the present investigation, we studied their in vivo immunomodulation of an HIV-1-specific DNA vaccine candidate (pCMV160/REV) constructed with the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-conjugated HIV-1 env and rev DNA plasmids. By immunizing with pCMV160/REV and cationic liposomes through various routes (intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intradermal, and intranasal), we induced higher levels of both antibody production and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) than by using DNA vaccine alone. The HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was observed to be stronger on immunization with the DNA vaccine and cationic liposome combination. The intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and intranasal inoculation routes were more effective in inducing strong DTH and antibody responses than the subcutaneous and intradermal routes. Taken together, these results suggest that cationic liposomes can be highly effective when used with DNA vaccines and administered by various routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ishii
- Department of Dermatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Wernz
- Division of Oncology, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016, USA
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Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an unusual neoplasm that has proved to be an enigma in many ways since its original description by Kaposi in 1872. Its epidemiology has stimulated tremendous interest, amplified markedly in 1981 when it became known as an original defining part of the complex of immune disorders now known as AIDS. The cell of origin, etiology, and therapy for both AIDS-associated and AIDS-unassociated KS continue as matters of intense investigation. In fact, whether it is a reactive hyperplasia or a true malignancy is still a matter of debate, as is the concept of multicentricity versus metastases. Epidemiologic studies suggest that a separate agent apart from HIV-1 may cause KS. A newly postulated KS-associated herpes virus may be linked. The role of the HIV-1 tat gene product, basic fibroblast growth factor, scatter factor, oncostatin M, and other factors that regulate the growth of KS cells are discussed, as well as therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Schwartz
- New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103-2714, USA
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39
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Francis GE, Delgado C, Fisher D, Malik F, Agrawal AK. Polyethylene glycol modification: relevance of improved methodology to tumour targeting. J Drug Target 1996; 3:321-40. [PMID: 8866652 DOI: 10.3109/10611869608996824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Of all the polymers applied to molecule altering structural chemistry, polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification has numerous benefits and relatively few drawbacks. PEG is now increasingly being applied to the problems of tumour targeting, both in the context of the passive targeting of PEG-liposomes and in active targeting strategies using PEGylated anti-tumour antibodies. PEG can also serve as a useful linker molecule between targeting moieties and other agents, including cytotoxic or imaging agents and targeted liposomes. Despite these demonstrated benefits and the level of attention which PEGylation has received, relatively little consideration has been given to two key areas: first, the extent to which the coupling method has an impact on both the functionality of the PEG-adduct and the acquisition of beneficial properties; second, that the impact of PEGylation on biodistribution is complex, thus any attempt to optimise a PEG-peptide or PEG-liposome for a particular task must involve an examination of all the individual facets of the effects of PEGylation. Studies investigating the underlying principles of tumour targeting suggest that current views concerning the optimisation of PEGylated vehicles for tumour localisation need to be re-examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Francis
- Molecular Cell Pathology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, U.K
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40
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Chisin R, Weber AL. Imaging of lymphoma manifestations in the extracranial head and neck region. Leuk Lymphoma 1994; 12:177-89. [PMID: 8167550 DOI: 10.3109/10428199409059588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CT and MRI are the most efficient imaging techniques for diagnosing lymphomas while Gallium-67 scintigraphy is used to assess treatment results. In this review, the imaging aspects of lymphoma are addressed according to anatomical subregions, from the orbit to the trachea, Waldeyer's ring being the most common site, in the head and neck. Lymphomas of this region are not easily distinguished from the more common squamous cell carcinomas; however, multiple extranodal sites, the presence of many non-necrotic lymph nodes and a large nasopharyngeal mass without significant bone destruction should alert one to the possibility of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chisin
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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41
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Masood R, Husain SR, Rahman A, Gill P. Potentiation of cytotoxicity of Kaposi's sarcoma related to immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1993; 9:741-6. [PMID: 8217343 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1993.9.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma is an independent criterion for the diagnosis of AIDS and develops in nearly 15% of all cases. Current chemotherapy regimens are associated with substantial toxicity, particularly bone marrow suppression, which limit their long-term use. In an attempt to reduce treatment-related toxicity and enhance uptake of the drug in tumor cells, free and liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin was tested in vitro. The liposomes were prepared with cardiolipin, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-derived spindle cells were exposed to free doxorubicin (DOX) and liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin (LED) for various time intervals and analyzed for cellular cytotoxicity, thymidine incorporation, and cellular drug uptake. Cytotoxicity studies of KS cells with free DOX and LED showed an IC50 of 288 and 7.5 ng/ml, respectively, hence demonstrating a 38-fold higher cytotoxicity by LED. Thymidine incorporation studies in KS cells demonstrated over one log higher toxicity to LED compared to free DOX. Cellular drug uptake studies showed that free DOX concentration peaked in 1 hr in KS cells whereas LED continued to accumulate up to 4 hr. At 4 hr, anthracycline uptake through LED was fivefold higher than the uptake of free drug. Similarly LED uptake in the cells evaluated by direct fluorescent microscopy was much more intense and more frequent than the uptake of free drug. Thus AIDS-KS cells appear to be exquisitely sensitive to LED, which may provide a higher therapeutic to toxicity index in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Masood
- Department of Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033
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42
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Hawthorne MF. Die Rolle der Chemie in der Entwicklung einer Krebstherapie durch die Bor-Neutroneneinfangreaktion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19931050705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Hawthorne MF. The Role of Chemistry in the Development of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.199309501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 692] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Presant CA, Scolaro M, Kennedy P, Blayney DW, Flanagan B, Lisak J, Presant J. Liposomal daunorubicin treatment of HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Lancet 1993; 341:1242-3. [PMID: 8098393 DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91147-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Compared with conventional chemotherapy, use of liposomes loaded with therapeutic agents is less toxic and more effective in experimental tumours in vivo. We have assessed efficacy and toxicity of liposomal daunorubicin (40 mg/m2 every 2 weeks) in 25 patients with HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma of poor prognosis. In 24 evaluable patients, there were 2 complete remissions (8.3%) and 13 partial remissions (54.2%). 5 of 11 patients with doxorubicin-resistant Kaposi's sarcoma had partial remissions. Median duration of response was 12 weeks. Quality of life improved after treatment with a response rate of 71% for physical performance and 74% for emotion. Myelosuppression was the commonest adverse event. Vomiting, stomatitis, and alopecia were rare and mild. Liposomal daunorubicin is safe and effective in HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma and improves quality of life. The treatment is effective even in patients resistant to other chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Presant
- Los Angeles Oncologic Institute, California 90057-0992
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Simpson JK, Miller RF, Spittle MF. Liposomal doxorubicin for treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 1993; 5:372-4. [PMID: 8305358 DOI: 10.1016/s0936-6555(05)80089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen patients with advanced AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma received liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil, Liposome Technology, Menlo Park, California) at 20 mg/m2 every 2 or 3 weeks in an open label study, and were evaluated for efficacy and toxicity. Eleven patients achieved a partial remission and five had stable disease. The median time to achieve a maximum response was two cycles (range 1-3) and the median duration of response was 14 weeks (range 6-30). Myelosuppression was the commonest adverse event; one patient was withdrawn because of neutropenia. Other adverse events were uncommon and mild. Liposomal doxorubicin is an effective and safe single agent treatment for advanced AIDs-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Simpson
- Meyerstein Institute of Clinical Oncology, Middlesex Hospital, London, UK
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46
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Abstract
Liposomes (phospholipid-based vesicles) have been investigated since 1970 as a system for the delivery or targeting of drugs to specific sites in the body. Because of their structural versatility in terms of size, composition, surface charge, bilayer fluidity and ability to incorporate almost any drug regardless of solubility, or to carry on their surface cell-specific ligands, liposomes have the potential to be tailored in a variety of ways to ensure the production of formulations that are optimal for clinical use. This includes controlled retention of entrapped drugs in the presence of biological fluids, controlled vesicle residence in the blood circulation or other compartments in the body, and enhanced vesicle uptake by target cells. Accumulated in vivo evidence, particularly in areas such as cancer chemotherapy, antimicrobial therapy, vaccines, diagnostic imaging and the treatment of ophthalmic disorders has indicated clearly that some liposome-entrapped drugs and vaccines exhibit superior pharmacological properties to those observed with conventional formulations. Such work has encouraged the application of liposomes in the treatment of diseases in humans. A large number of trials in patients with cancer or infections suggest that certain liposomal drug formulations are likely to prove clinically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gregoriadis
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, School of Pharmacy, University of London, England
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Money-Kyrle JF, Bates F, Ready J, Gazzard BG, Phillips RH, Boag FC. Liposomal daunorubicin in advanced Kaposi's sarcoma: a phase II study. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 1993; 5:367-71. [PMID: 8305357 DOI: 10.1016/s0936-6555(05)80088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a non-randomized Phase II clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome) in the treatment of AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma. Eleven homosexual men with advanced Kaposi's sarcoma were entered in the trial. Changes in size, colour and associated oedema of selected 'target' lesions were measured. Clinical, biochemical and haematological toxicities were assessed. Ten subjects were evaluated. A partial response was achieved in four, of whom two subsequently relapsed. Stabilization of Kaposi's sarcoma occurred in the remaining six, maintained until the end of the trial period in four. The drug was generally well tolerated, with few mild symptoms of toxicity. The main problem encountered was haematological toxicity, with three subjects experiencing severe neutropenia (neutrophil count < 0.5 x 10(9)/l). There was no evidence of cardiotoxicity. In this small patient sample, liposomal daunorubicin was an effective and well tolerated agent in the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma.
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48
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Molecular Alterations in Nerve Cells: Direct Manipulation and Physiological Mediation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-77503-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
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Shelly K, Feakes DA, Hawthorne MF, Schmidt PG, Krisch TA, Bauer WF. Model studies directed toward the boron neutron-capture therapy of cancer: boron delivery to murine tumors with liposomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:9039-43. [PMID: 1409600 PMCID: PMC50060 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.19.9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful treatment of cancer by boron neutron-capture therapy (BNCT) requires the selective concentration of boron-10 within malignant tumors. The potential of liposomes to deliver boron-rich compounds to tumors has been assessed by the examination of the biodistribution of boron delivered by liposomes in tumor-bearing mice. Small unilamellar vesicles with mean diameters of 70 nm or less, composed of a pure synthetic phospholipid (distearoyl phosphatidylcholine) and cholesterol, have been found to stably encapsulate high concentrations of water-soluble ionic boron compounds. The hydrolytically stable borane anions B10H10(2-), B12H11SH2-, B20H17OH4-, B20H19(3-), and the normal form and photoisomer of B20H18(2-) were encapsulated in liposomes as their soluble sodium salts. The tissue concentration of boron in tumor-bearing mice was measured at several time points over 48 h after i.v. injection of emulsions of liposomes containing the borane anions. Although the boron compounds used do not exhibit an affinity for tumors and are normally rapidly cleared from the body, liposomes were observed to selectively deliver the borane anions to tumors. The highest tumor concentrations achieved reached the therapeutic range (greater than 15 micrograms of boron per g of tumor) while maintaining high tumor-boron/blood-boron ratios (greater than 3). The most favorable results were obtained with the two isomers of B20H18(2-). These boron compounds have the capability to react with intracellular components after they have been deposited within tumor cells by the liposome, thereby preventing the borane ion from being released into blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 90024
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50
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de Vries EG, Mulder NH, Daemen T. Current state of liposome-complexed drugs in the treatment of cancer patients. Ann Oncol 1992; 3:419-21. [PMID: 1498057 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a058226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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