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Ben Romdhane I, Jemmali A, Kaziz S, Echouchene F, Alshahrani T, Belmabrouk H. Taguchi method: artificial neural network approach for the optimization of high-efficiency microfluidic biosensor for COVID-19. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS 2023; 138:359. [PMID: 37131342 PMCID: PMC10132959 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-03988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus is mainly spread by droplets, respiratory secretions, and direct contact. Caused by the huge spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, research is focused on the study of biosensors as it presents a rapid solution for reducing incidents and fatality rates. In this paper, a microchip flow confinement method for the rapid transport of small sample volumes to sensor surfaces is optimized in terms of the confinement coefficient β, the position of the confinement flow X, and its inclination α relative to the main channel. A numerical simulation based on two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations has been used. Taguchi's L9(33) orthogonal array was adopted to design the numerical assays taking into account the confining flow parameters (α, β, and X) on the response time of microfluidic biosensors. Analyzing the signal-to-noise ratio allowed us to determine the most effective combinations of control parameters for reducing the response time. The contribution of the control factors to the detection time was determined via analysis of variance (ANOVA). Numerical predictive models using multiple linear regression (MLR) and an artificial neural network (ANN) were developed to accurately predict microfluidic biosensor response time. This study concludes that the best combination of control factors is α 3 β 3 X 2 that corresponds to α = 90 ∘ , β = 25 and X = 40 µm. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the position of the confinement channel (62% contribution) is the factor most responsible for the reduction in response time. Based on the correlation coefficient (R 2), and value adjustment factor (VAF), the ANN model performed better than the MLR model in terms of prediction accuracy. Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Imed Ben Romdhane
- Laboratory of Electronics and Microelectronics, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Asma Jemmali
- Laboratory of Electronics and Microelectronics, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Kaziz
- Quantum and Statistical Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
- Higher National Engineering School of Tunis, Taha Hussein Montfleury Boulevard, University of Tunis, 1008 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fraj Echouchene
- Laboratory of Electronics and Microelectronics, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Thamraa Alshahrani
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafedh Belmabrouk
- Laboratory of Electronics and Microelectronics, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al Majma’ah, 11952 Saudi Arabia
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Spatial Surface Charge Engineering for Electrochemical Electrodes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14489. [PMID: 31601966 PMCID: PMC6787049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce a novel concept for the design of functional surfaces of materials: Spatial surface charge engineering. We exploit the concept for an all-solid-state, epitaxial InN/InGaN-on-Si reference electrode to replace the inconvenient liquid-filled reference electrodes, such as Ag/AgCl. Reference electrodes are universal components of electrochemical sensors, ubiquitous in electrochemistry to set a constant potential. For subtle interrelation of structure design, surface morphology and the unique surface charge properties of InGaN, the reference electrode has less than 10 mV/decade sensitivity over a wide concentration range, evaluated for KCl aqueous solutions and less than 2 mV/hour long-time drift over 12 hours. Key is a nanoscale charge balanced surface for the right InGaN composition, InN amount and InGaN surface morphology, depending on growth conditions and layer thickness, which is underpinned by the surface potential measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy. When paired with the InN/InGaN quantum dot sensing electrode with super-Nernstian sensitivity, where only structure design and surface morphology are changed, this completes an all-InGaN-based electrochemical sensor with unprecedented performance.
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Mizuguchi H, Sasaki K, Ichinose H, Seino S, Sakurai J, Iiyama M, Kijima T, Tachibana K, Nishina T, Takayanagi T, Shida J. A Triple-Electrode Based Dual-Biosensor System Utilizing Track-Etched Microporous Membrane Electrodes for the Simultaneous Determination of l-Lactate and d-Glucose. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506
| | - Keiko Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510
| | - Hirokazu Ichinose
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510
| | - Shota Seino
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510
| | - Jun Sakurai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510
| | - Masamitsu Iiyama
- Nomura Micro Science Co., Ltd., 2-4-37 Okada, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0021
| | - Tatsuro Kijima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510
| | - Kazuhiro Tachibana
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510
| | - Tatsuo Nishina
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510
| | - Toshio Takayanagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506
| | - Junichi Shida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510
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Jia NQ, Zhang ZR, Zhu JZ, Zhang GX. Multianalyte biosensor for simultaneous determination of glucose and galactose based on micromachined chamber-type electrodes. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20040220907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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Vaidyanathan S, Macaloney G, Vaughan J, McNeil B, Harvey LM. Monitoring of Submerged Bioprocesses. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/0738-859991229161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lim M, Ye H, Panoskaltsis N, Drakakis EM, Yue X, Cass AEG, Radomska A, Mantalaris A. Intelligent bioprocessing for haemotopoietic cell cultures using monitoring and design of experiments. Biotechnol Adv 2007; 25:353-68. [PMID: 17428632 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The need for successful ex-vivo expansion and directed differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for therapeutic applications has increased over the past decade. Haematopoietic cell cultures are complex and full characterisation of the process environment has yet to be achieved. The complexity and transient nature of HSC cultures make the identification, maintenance and control of optimal operating conditions challenging. Application of real-time, on-line monitoring techniques and process control strategies enhances the ability to operate bioprocesses of desired reproducibility and high product quality. In this review, we discussed the methods by which in vitro culture information necessary for bioprocess control may be obtained, including process considerations, monitoring and analytical tools, and design of experiments (DOE). The successful application of these tools may result in time- and cost-effective cultures for directed differentiation and expansion of haematopoietic components intended for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayasari Lim
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Zaitoun MA. A kinetic-spectrophotometric method for the determination of glucose in solutions. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193480610011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Sumner JP, Westerberg NM, Stoddard AK, Hurst TK, Cramer M, Thompson RB, Fierke CA, Kopelman R. DsRed as a highly sensitive, selective, and reversible fluorescence-based biosensor for both Cu(+) and Cu(2+) ions. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 21:1302-8. [PMID: 16026976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Revised: 03/31/2005] [Accepted: 04/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The wild type form of Red fluorescent protein (DsRed), an intrinsically fluorescent protein found in tropical corals, is found to be highly selective, reversible and sensitive for both Cu(+) and Cu(2+), with a nanomolar detection limit. The selectivity towards these ions is retained even in the presence of other heavy metal ions. The K(d) values for monovalent and divalent copper, based on single binding isotherms, are 450 and 540 nM, respectively. The wild type DsRed sensitivity to Cu(2+) (below 1 ppb) is seven orders of magnitude better than that of the related wild type Green Fluorescent protein (GFP), and it is even 40 times more sensitive than engineered mutants of GFP. Potential binding sites have been proposed, based on amino acid sequences for copper binding and the distance from the chromophore, with the aid of computer modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Sumner
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, 930N University AVE, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Castillo J, Gáspár S, Sakharov I, Csöregi E. Bienzyme biosensors for glucose, ethanol and putrescine built on oxidase and sweet potato peroxidase. Biosens Bioelectron 2003; 18:705-14. [PMID: 12706582 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(03)00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Amperometric biosensors for glucose, ethanol, and biogenic amines (putrescine) were constructed using oxidase/peroxidase bienzyme systems. The H(2)O(2) produced by the oxidase in reaction with its substrate is converted into a measurable signal via a novel peroxidase purified from sweet potato peels. All developed biosensors are based on redox hydrogels formed of oxidases (glucose oxidase, alcohol oxidase, or amine oxidase) and the newly purified sweet potato peroxidase (SPP) cross-linked to a redox polymer. The developed electrodes were characterized (sensitivity, stability, and performances in organic medium) and compared with similarly built ones using the 'classical' horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The SPP-based electrodes displayed higher sensitivity and better detection limit for putrescine than those using HRP and were also shown to retain their activity in organic phase much better than the HPR based ones. The importance of attractive or repulsive electrostatic interactions between the peroxidases and oxidases (determined by their isoelectric points) were found to play an important role in the sensitivity of the obtained sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Castillo
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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Petrou PS, Moser I, Jobst G. BioMEMS device with integrated microdialysis probe and biosensor array. Biosens Bioelectron 2002; 17:859-65. [PMID: 12243904 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of a microdevice for continuous sampling and on-line monitoring of glucose is described. The device comprised a microdialysis sampling system integrated on the flow through channel of a microfabricated enzyme sensor. The sensor was produced by thin film technology and was assembled to a printed circuit board (PCB) that provided the means for both electrical and fluidic connections. A polyacrilonitrile fibre, with a cut-off of 50 kDa, was used in the fabrication of the sampling probe. The performance of the device was evaluated in-vitro. High sampling efficiency of the microdialysis probe was achieved by appropriate selection of the perfusion fluid flow rate. Response times varying from 1.5 to 3.0 min were determined for flow rates ranging between 1 and 0.2 micro l/min. The linear response range was up to 30 mM glucose and interference from other electroactive substances was almost negligible. The device showed excellent stability under continuous operation for at least 5 days and sensitivity variation less than 3% over a period of 15 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Petrou
- Institut für Mikrosystemtechnik, Fakultät für Angewandte Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges Köhler Allee 103, D-79110, Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Fishery products are important not only from a nutritional point of view, but also as an item of international trade and foreign exchange earner for a number of countries in the world. Fish and shellfish are highly perishable, and prone to vast variations in quality due to differences in species, environmental habitats, feeding habits, etc. In addition, they can also function as carriers of several microbial and other health hazards. Therefore, maintenance of quality is of utmost importance in production and trade of fishery products. Most of the current quality control techniques are time consuming and cumbersome. There is an excellent scope for the application of biosensors in the seafood industry including the rapidly expanding aquaculture operations for fast assessment of quality. This article discusses the scope of applications biosensors in the seafood industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Venugopal
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
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12
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Rhiel M, Ducommun P, Bolzonella I, Marison I, von Stockar U. Real-time in situ monitoring of freely suspended and immobilized cell cultures based on mid-infrared spectroscopic measurements. Biotechnol Bioeng 2002; 77:174-85. [PMID: 11753924 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glucose and lactate profiles in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures were accurately monitored in real time and in situ during three bioreactor batch cultures lasting 11,15, and 15 days performed within a 60-day period. Monitoring was accomplished using in situ-collected mid-infrared spectra analyzed with a priori one-time established partial least-squares regression models. The robustness of the technique was demonstrated by application of these models without modification after 2.3 years. Neither recalibration nor instrument maintenance was required during the 2.3-year period, except for the daily filling of liquid nitrogen for detector cooling during operation. The lactate calibration model yielded accurate absolute concentration estimations during each of the batch cultures with standard errors of estimate from 1 to 3 mM. The a priori-established glucose calibration model yielded concentration estimations with an off-set, which was constant throughout a culture. Adjustment of the off-set before inoculation resulted in accurate concentration estimations with Standard errors of estimate of approximately 1 mM for each of the bioreactor cultures. Sensitivity in detecting differences of 0.5 mM and selectivity against variation of one metabolite while the other was kept constant was demonstrated during standard additions of either glucose or lactate. The sensor system proved to be reliable, simple, accurate, sterile, and capable of long-term automatic operation and is considered to be mature enough to be routinely applied for in situ (on-line) cell culture monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rhiel
- Laboratory of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (LGCB), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Palmisano F, Rizzi R, Centonze D, Zambonin PG. Simultaneous monitoring of glucose and lactate by an interference and cross-talk free dual electrode amperometric biosensor based on electropolymerized thin films. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 15:531-9. [PMID: 11419650 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(00)00107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An interference and cross-talk free dual electrode amperometric biosensor integrated with a microdialysis sampling system is described, for simultaneous monitoring of glucose and lactate by flow injection analysis. The biosensor is based on a conventional thin layer flow-through cell equipped with a Pt dual electrode (parallel configuration). Each Pt disk was modified by a composite bilayer consisting of an electrosynthesised overoxidized polypyrrole (PPYox) anti-interference membrane covered by an enzyme entrapping gel, obtained by glutaraldehyde co-crosslinking of glucose oxidase or lactate oxidase with bovine serum albumin. The advantages of covalent immobilization techniques were coupled with the excellent interference-rejection capabilities of PPYox. Ascorbate, cysteine, urate and paracetamol produced lactate or glucose bias in the low micromolar range; their responses were, however, completely suppressed when the sample was injected through the microdialysis unit. Under these operational conditions the flow injection responses for glucose and lactate were linear up to 100 and 20 mM with typical sensitivities of 9.9 (+/- 0.1) and 7.2 (+/- 0.1) nA/mM. respectively. The shelf-lifetime of the biosensor was at least 2 months. The potential of the described biosensor was demonstrated by the simultaneous determination of lactate and glucose in untreated tomato juice samples; results were in good agreement with those of a reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Palmisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italy. palmisanochimica.uniba.it
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Tkác J, Navrátil M, Sturdík E, Gemeiner P. Monitoring of dihydroxyacetone production during oxidation of glycerol by immobilized Gluconobacter oxydans cells with an enzyme biosensor. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001; 28:383-388. [PMID: 11240195 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A bi-enzymatic biosensor for monitoring of dihydroxyacetone production during oxidation of glycerol by bacterial cells of Gluconobacter oxydans is presented. Galactose oxidase oxidizes dihydroxyacetone efficiently producing hydrogen peroxide, which reacts with co-immobilized peroxidase and ferrocene pre-adsorbed on graphite electrode. This mediator-based bi-enzymatic biosensor possesses very high sensitivity (4.7 µA/mM in phosphate buffer), low detection limit (0.8 µM, signal/noise = 3), short response time (22 s, 95% of steady-state) and broad linear range (0.002-0.55 mM in phosphate buffer). The effect of pH, temperature, type of buffer, as well as different stabilizers (combinations of a polyelectrolyte and a polyol) on the sensor performance were carefully optimized and discussed. Dihydroxyacetone produced during a batch conversion of glycerol by the pectate-immobilized bacteria in an air-lift reactor was determined by the biosensor and by reference spectrophotometric method. Both methods were compared and were in a very good correlation. The main advantage of the biosensor is a very short time needed for sample analysis (less than 1 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tkác
- Department of Biochemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Neykov A, Rangelova V, Katzarova P. Application of Biosensors in Biotechnology and Ecology. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2001.10819099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Application of Convective Interaction Media disks with immobilised glucose oxidase for on-line glucose measurements. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Venugopal V, Lakshmanan R, Doke SN, Bongirwar DR. Enzymes in fish processing, biosensors and quality control: A review. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430009549980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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LEE YOUNGC, HUH MOONH. DEVELOPMENT OF A BIOSENSOR WITH IMMOBILIZED L-AMINO ACID OXIDASE FOR DETERMINATION OF L-AMINO ACIDS. J Food Biochem 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1999.tb00012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Freitag R. Utilization of enzyme-substrate interactions in analytical chemistry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1999; 722:279-301. [PMID: 10068146 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are capable of a highly specific interaction with a variety of substances including their respective substrates. This review summarizes how such interactions may be used in analytical (bio-)chemistry, e.g., for the elucidation of the binding mechanism, the determination of the binding strength, the carting of the binding site, or the screening of possible substrate/inhibitor molecules. Possible assay formats such as analytical affinity chromatography, affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), conventional affinity gel electrophoresis (AEP), and related techniques are discussed together with examples of recent applications. In addition a brief section on enzyme-substrate reactions as tools in analytical chemistry is included, since these are perhaps even more important to analytical (bio-)chemistry. The development and application of bioanalytical systems and especially biosensors in various fields including medicine, biotechnology, agriculture, defense and foodstuffs are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Freitag
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Ecublens, Switzerland.
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20
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Tothill IE, Newman JD, White SF, Turner AP. Monitoring of the glucose concentration during microbial fermentation using a novel mass-producible biosensor suitable for on-line use. Enzyme Microb Technol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(96)00200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors for glucose, based on the specific glucose oxidizing enzyme glucose oxidase, have generated considerable interest. Several commercial devices based on this principle have been developed and are widely used for in vitro monitoring of glucose e.g. in hospitals, doctors surgeries and for home monitoring by patients themselves. A significant advance in the application of biosensor technology would be the development of portable, implantable sensors which could continuously indicate the blood glucose concentration, enabling swift corrective action to be taken by the patient. This review highlights recent developments in amperometric glucose biosensors for in vivo monitoring and also considers the remaining barrier which need to be overcome to enable successful introduction of an implantable sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Jaffari
- Cranfield Biotechnology Centre, Cranfield University, Bedford, UK
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van der Pol JJ, Spohn U, Eberhardt R, Gaetgens J, Biselli M, Wandrey C, Tramper J. On-line monitoring of an animal cell culture with multi-channel flow injection analysis. J Biotechnol 1994; 37:253-64. [PMID: 7765574 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(94)90132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A multi-channel flow injection analysis system was used for on-line monitoring of a continuous animal cell culture with high cell density. With this system, the glucose, lactate and glutamine concentration were determined using immobilized dehydrogenases, ammonium using an aqueous o-phthaldialdehyde solution. Glutamine concentration was determined on the basis of the difference between a glutamine and a glutamate measurement. To prevent disturbance of the measurement and pollution of the system, the analytes in the sample were separated from high molecular compounds by on-line dialysis. On-line gas dialysis was used to avoid interference of other amino groups with the ammonium determination. In addition, dialysis was used as a dilution step. The measurement time for all four components was 42 min. This time included a final washing period after the analysis cycle. The system was calibrated once a day. Two continuous cultivations of a hybridoma cell line immobilized in open-porous glass carriers were monitored, using a fluidized bed reactor as cultivation system. The concentration of glutamine, glucose and ammonium determined with the on-line FIA system were in good agreement with the off-line data determined once a day. Only the lactate data showed some deviation. The immobilized enzyme reactors could be used for up to 3000-5000 injections. During the first cultivation, lasting 200 h, the start up period of the reactor was monitored. The on-line measurements described much better the time-course of the concentrations than the off-line data. It was possible to estimate the growth rate of the cells in the micro-carriers by the on-line data. In the course of the second cultivation, which lasted almost 1000 h, the influence of the dissolved oxygen concentration on the cell metabolism was monitored. It was noted that a sudden change of the glutamine concentration in the feed caused a fast change of the consumption and production rate of the measured metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J van der Pol
- Institute of Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany
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Gostomski P, Mühlemann M, Lin YH, Mormino R, Bungay H. Auxostats for continuous culture research. J Biotechnol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(94)90008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Higson SPJ, Vadgama P. A study of electrical double layer effects in the pretreatment of two-electrode cells for enzyme electrodes. ELECTROANAL 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140060512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Gründig B, Strehlitz B, Kotte H, Ethner K. Development of a process-FIA system using mediator-modified enzyme electrodes. J Biotechnol 1993; 31:277-87. [PMID: 7764438 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(93)90074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A computer-controlled process-FIA system for monitoring industrial bioprocesses was developed using mediator-modified enzyme electrodes. The single-line FIA system was modified by replacing the mixing coil with a flexible operating sample dilution unit. By this way, the analyzer offers automatic procedures for self-calibration 'real-time' dilution and recalibration based on the current analyte concentration. In regard to the dynamic range of the sensors, the FIA system is able to self-adapting to any analyte concentration of the bioprocess. The technique was tested for control of glucose during microbial fed-batch processes of gluconic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gründig
- Institut für Chemo- und Biosensorik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Biosensors are important analytical tools in clinical and environmental monitoring, biotechnological process control, medicine, and in the food and drink industry. This review devotes attention to the most common biosensor in biotechnology, the glucose biosensor, and to recent contributions to the rapidly growing field of optical biosensors. Trends and developments in these areas are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Freitag
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, University of Hanover, Germany
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Wiseman A. Comparison of use of immobilized cells and immobilized enzymes for bioanalysis: Considerations in determination of ethanol. Trends Analyt Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-9936(92)87094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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