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Vahidi SH, Monhemi H, Hassani Sabzevar B, Eftekhari M. Electrostatic interactions of enzymes in non-aqueous conditions: insights from molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37965802 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2280775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions of enzymes and their effects on enzyme activity and stability are poorly understood in non-aqueous conditions. Here, we investigate the contribution of the electrostatic interactions on the stability and activity of enzymes in the non-aqueous environment using molecular dynamics simulations. Lipase was selected as active and lysozyme as inactive model enzymes in non-aqueous media. Hexane was used as a common non-aqueous solvent model. In agreement with the previous experiments, simulations show that lysozyme has more structural instabilities than lipase in hexane. The number of hydrogen bonds and salt bridges of both enzymes is dramatically increased in hexane. In contrast to the other opinions, we show that the increase of the electrostatic interactions in non-aqueous media is not so favorable for enzymatic function and stability. In this condition, the newly formed hydrogen bonds and salt bridges can partially denature the local structure of the enzymes. For lysozyme, the changes in electrostatic interactions occur in all domains including the active site cleft, which leads to enzyme inactivation and destabilization. Interestingly, most of the changes in electrostatic interactions of lipase occur far from the active site regions. Therefore, the active site entrance regions remain functional in hexane. The results of this study reveal how the changes in electrostatic interactions can affect enzyme stability and activity in non-aqueous conditions. Moreover, we show for the first time how some enzymes, such as lipase, remain active in a non-aqueous environment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hooman Vahidi
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Monhemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Eftekhari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran
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2
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Staudt A, Brack Y, Jr II, Leal ICR. Biocatalytic synthesis of monoterpene esters – A review study on the phylogenetic evolution of biocatalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Zeferino RCF, Piaia VAA, Orso VT, Pinheiro VM, Zanetti M, Colpani GL, Padoin N, Soares C, Fiori MA, Riella HG. Synthesis of geranyl acetate by esterification of geraniol with acetic anhydride through heterogeneous catalysis using ion exchange resin. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Vázquez L, Bañares C, Torres CF, Reglero G. Green Technologies for the Production of Modified Lipids. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2020; 11:319-337. [PMID: 31910657 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of green solvents in enzyme catalysis of lipophilic compounds is achieving increasing interest from different perspectives. Conducting reactions under supercritical fluids, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, and other green solvents affords opportunities to overcome problems associated with the lack of solubility of lipids in conventional solvents and the poor miscibility of substrates. Research on the biocatalytic production of modified lipids in the framework of green chemistry is conducted to improve the efficiency of obtaining the desired products as well as the selectivity, stability, and activity of the enzymatic systems. This overview describes the fundamentals and characteristics of several types of green solvents, the main variables involved in enzymatic processes, and examples and applications in the field of lipid modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vázquez
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; e-mail:
| | - Celia Bañares
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; e-mail:
| | - Carlos F Torres
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; e-mail:
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: .,Department of Production and Development of Foods for Health, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI (UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Kinetic modelling and kinetic parameters calculation in the lipase-catalysed synthesis of geranyl acetate. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Enzymatic synthesis of geranyl acetate in packed bed reactor in supercritical carbon dioxide under various pressure-temperature conditions and reactor configurations. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Supercritical CO2 technology applied to the production of flavor ester compounds through lipase-catalyzed reaction: A review. J CO2 UTIL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Rosa B, Silva G, Conceição G, Carvalho R, Aguiar-Oliveira E, Maldonado R, Kamimura E. Application of partially concentrated Candida rugosa lipase in the enzymatic synthesis of geranyl acetate in organic solvent. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Immobilization of Lipases on Magnetic Collagen Fibers and Its Applications for Short-Chain Ester Synthesis. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7060178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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10
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Monhemi H, Housaindokht MR, Nakhaei Pour A. Effects of Natural Osmolytes on the Protein Structure in Supercritical CO2: Molecular Level Evidence. J Phys Chem B 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Monhemi
- Research
and Technology Center
of Biomolecules, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Housaindokht
- Research
and Technology Center
of Biomolecules, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Nakhaei Pour
- Research
and Technology Center
of Biomolecules, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Guo J, Chen CP, Wang SG, Huang XJ. A convenient test for lipase activity in aqueous-based solutions. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 71:8-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Patel V, Gajera H, Gupta A, Manocha L, Madamwar D. Synthesis of ethyl caprylate in organic media using Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on exfoliated graphene oxide: Process parameters and reusability studies. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Effects of Substrate Solubility in Interesterification with Triolein by Immobilized Lipase in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 62:170-2. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.62.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Xiong J, Huang Y, Zhang H, Hou L. Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification Synthesis of Geranyl Acetate in Organic Solvents and Its Kinetics. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.20.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Dhake KP, Thakare DD, Bhanage BM. Lipase: A potential biocatalyst for the synthesis of valuable flavour and fragrance ester compounds. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishor P. Dhake
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Matunga; Mumbai; 400 019; India
| | - Dinesh D. Thakare
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Matunga; Mumbai; 400 019; India
| | - Bhalchandra M. Bhanage
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Matunga; Mumbai; 400 019; India
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16
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Lipase-catalyzed transesterification synthesis of citronellyl acetate in a solvent-free system and its reaction kinetics. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Sun J, Chin JH, Zhou W, Yu B, Curran P, Liu SQ. Biocatalytic Conversion of Coconut Oil to Natural Flavor Esters Optimized with Response Surface Methodology. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Kinetic study of 2-butanol O-acylation and sec-butylamine N-acylation catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Rodrigues RC, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Lipase from Rhizomucor miehei as an industrial biocatalyst in chemical process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Kinetics of enzymatic synthesis of geranyl butyrate by transesterification in various supercritical fluids. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Diaz MDR, Gómez JM, Díaz-Suelto B, García-Sanz A. Enzymatic synthesis of short-chain esters in n-hexane and supercritical carbon dioxide: Effect of the acid chain length. Eng Life Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200900097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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22
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Oliveira MV, Rebocho SF, Ribeiro AS, Macedo EA, Loureiro JM. Kinetic modelling of decyl acetate synthesis by immobilized lipase-catalysed transesterification of vinyl acetate with decanol in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Effect of chain length of alcohol on the lipase-catalyzed esterification of propionic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:2342-54. [PMID: 19575152 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The esterification of propionic acid was investigated using three different alcohols, namely, isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol. The variation of conversion with time for the synthesis of isoamyl propionate was investigated in the presence of five enzymes. Novozym 435 showed the highest activity, and this was used as the enzyme for investigating the various parameters that influence the esterification reaction. The Ping-Pong Bi-Bi model with inhibition by both acid and alcohol was used to model the experimental data and determine the kinetics of the esterification reaction.
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24
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Habulin M, Šabeder S, Sampedro MA, Knez Ž. Enzymatic synthesis of citronellol laurate in organic media and in supercritical carbon dioxide. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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26
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Bruns N, Bannwarth W, Tiller JC. Amphiphilic conetworks as activating carriers for the enhancement of enzymatic activity in supercritical CO2. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 101:19-26. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.21868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Kazlauskas RJ, Bornscheuer UT. Biotransformations with Lipases. BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008:36-191. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1002/9783527620906.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
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28
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Effect of Chain Length on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Esters in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 144:213-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-8114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Yu G, Xue Y, Xu W, Zhang J, Xue CH. Stability and activity of lipase in subcritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a). J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 34:793-8. [PMID: 17909872 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-007-0256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The stability and activity of commercial immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) in subcritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) was investigated. The esterification of oleic acid with glycerol was studied as a model reaction in subcritical R134a and in solvent-free conditions. The results indicated that subcritical R134a treatment led to significant increase of activity of Novozym 435, and a maximum residual activity of 300% was measured at 4 MPa, 30 degrees C after 7 h incubation. No deactivation of Novozym 435 treated with subcritical R134a under different operation factors (pressure 2-8 MPa, temperature 30-60 degrees C, incubation time 1-12 h, water content 1:1, 1:2, 1:5 enzyme/water, depressurization rate 4 MPa/1 min, 4 MPa/30 min, 4 MPa/90 min) was observed. While the initial reaction rate was high in subcritical R134a, higher conversion was obtained in solvent-free conditions. Though the apparent conversion of the reaction is lower in subcritical R134a, it is more practicable, especially at low enzyme concentrations desired at commercial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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30
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Hobbs HR, Thomas NR. Biocatalysis in Supercritical Fluids, in Fluorous Solvents, and under Solvent-Free Conditions. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2786-820. [PMID: 17564485 DOI: 10.1021/cr0683820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Hobbs
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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31
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Varma MN, Madras G. Synthesis of isoamyl laurate and isoamyl stearate in supercritical carbon dioxide. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 141:139-48. [PMID: 17625272 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-9216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of isoamyl laurate and isoamyl stearate was studied in supercritical carbon dioxide with three lipases, Novozym 435, Lipolase 100T, and Candida rugosa. The maximum conversion of 37% and 53%, respectively for isoamyl laurate and isoamyl stearate was obtained when Novozym 435 was used. The effect of various parameters such as molar ratio of alcohol to acid, presence of water, time and temperature was investigated. An optimum temperature of 40-45 degrees C was observed for all reactions. The kinetics of reactions was fast and equilibrium was achieved in 2-3 h. Although the presence of excess alcohol did not reduce conversion, excess water reduced conversion significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh N Varma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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32
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Liu KJ, Chang HM, Liu KM. Enzymatic synthesis of cocoa butter analog through interesterification of lard and tristearin in supercritical carbon dioxide by lipase. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Varma MN, Madras G. Synthesis of Biodiesel from Castor Oil and Linseed Oil in Supercritical Fluids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0607043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh N. Varma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Giridhar Madras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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34
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Biocatalytic esterification of lavandulol in supercritical carbon dioxide using acetic acid as the acyl donor. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides in soy deodorized distillate with supercritical carbon dioxide. Biochem Eng J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Lozano P, de Diego T, Iborra JL. Immobilization of Enzymes for Use in Supercritical Fluids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-053-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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37
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Blattner C, Zoumpanioti M, Kröner J, Schmeer G, Xenakis A, Kunz W. Biocatalysis using lipase encapsulated in microemulsion-based organogels in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2005.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Kinetic study of esterification of rapeseed oil contained in waste activated bleaching earth using Candida rugosa lipase in organic solvent system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Celia E, Cernia E, Palocci C, Soro S, Turchet T. Tuning Pseudomonas cepacea lipase (PCL) activity in supercritical fluids. J Supercrit Fluids 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2004.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Kumar R, Madras G, Modak J. Enzymatic Synthesis of Ethyl Palmitate in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Ind Eng Chem Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ie034032h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Giridhar Madras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jayant Modak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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41
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Abstract
Enzyme catalyzed esterification reactions have found many applications, ranging from the modification of vegetable oils for human consumption to the production of optically pure chemicals. To displace the equilibrium in favor of synthesis, rather than hydrolysis, these reactions are performed in non-aqueous or microaqueous media. The influence of the amount of water, and of the nature of organic solvent, are new parameters to consider in the optimization of industrial processes. They also add a new perspective to our knowledge of the functioning of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lortie
- Bioprocess Research and Development, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
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42
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Peres C, Gomes da Silva MDR, Barreiros S. Water activity effects on geranyl acetate synthesis catalyzed by novozym in supercritical ethane and in supercritical carbon dioxide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:1884-1888. [PMID: 12643646 DOI: 10.1021/jf026071u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The esterification reaction of geraniol with acetic acid catalyzed by Novozym was studied in supercritical ethane (sc-ethane) and in supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO(2)). Water activity (a(W)) had a very strong effect on enzyme activity, with reaction rates increasing up to a(W) = 0.25 and then decreasing for higher a(W). Salt hydrate pairs could not prevent changes in a(W) during the course of reaction but were able to control a(W) to some extent and had a beneficial effect on both initial rates of esterification and conversion in sc-ethane. The enzyme was more active in sc-ethane than in sc-CO(2), confirming the deleterious effect of the latter already observed with some enzymes. Temperatures between 40 and 60 degrees C did not have a strong effect on initial rates of esterification, although reaction progress declined considerably in that temperature range. For the mixture of 50 mM acetic acid plus 200 mM geraniol, 100% conversion was achieved at a reaction time of 10 h at 40 degrees C, 100 bar, an a(W) of incubation of 0.25, and a Novozym concentration of 0.55 mg cm(-)(3) in sc-ethane. Conversion was below 50% in sc-CO(2) at otherwise identical conditions. With an equimolar mixture of the two substrates (100 mM), 98% conversion was reached at 10 h of reaction in sc-ethane (73% conversion in sc-CO(2)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Peres
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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43
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Yu ZR, Chang SW, Wang HY, Shieh CJ. Study on synthesis parameters of lipase-catalyzed hexyl acetate in supercritical CO2
by response surface methodology. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-003-0666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zer-Ran Yu
- ; Department of Food Science; National Chiayi University; 300 Chia-yi Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- ; Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; National Taiwan Ocean University; 202 Keelung Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Department of Bioindustry Technology; Dayeh University; 112 Shan-Jiau Rd., Da-Tsuen 515 Chang-Hua Taiwan
| | - Chwen-Jen Shieh
- Department of Bioindustry Technology; Dayeh University; 112 Shan-Jiau Rd., Da-Tsuen 515 Chang-Hua Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bordusa
- Max-Planck Society, Research Unit Enzymology of Protein Folding, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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45
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Peter F, Preda G. Characterisation of pancreatic lipase substrate specificity in organic reaction media by a kinetic method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(02)00200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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The use of immobilizedCandida antarcticalipase for simultaneous supercritical fluid extraction andin-situmethanolysis ofcis-vaccenic acid in milkweed seeds. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-002-0508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Simplified kinetics and thermodynamics of geraniol acetylation by lyophilized cells of Aspergillus oryzae. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Nakaya H, Nakamura K, Miyawaki O. Lipase-catalyzed esterification of stearic acid with ethanol, and hydrolysis of ethyl stearate, near the critical point in supercritical carbon dioxide. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-002-0429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Nakaya
- ; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; The University of Tokyo; 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku 113-8657 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kozo Nakamura
- ; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; The University of Tokyo; 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku 113-8657 Tokyo Japan
| | - Osato Miyawaki
- ; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; The University of Tokyo; 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku 113-8657 Tokyo Japan
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49
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Bousquet-Dubouch MP, Graber M, Sousa N, Lamare S, Legoy MD. Alcoholysis catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B in a gas/solid system obeys a Ping Pong Bi Bi mechanism with competitive inhibition by the alcohol substrate and water. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1550:90-9. [PMID: 11738091 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(01)00273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of alcoholysis of methyl propionate and n-propanol catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B supported onto silanized Chromosorb P was studied in a continuous solid/gas reactor. In this system the solid phase is composed of a packed enzymatic sample and is percolated by nitrogen as carrier gas, which simultaneously carries substrates to the enzyme while removing reaction products. In this reactor the thermodynamic activity of substrates and effectors can be perfectly adjusted allowing kinetic studies to be performed under different operating conditions. The kinetics obtained for alcoholysis were suggested to fit a Ping Pong Bi Bi mechanism with dead-end inhibition by the alcohol. The values of all apparent kinetic parameters were calculated and the apparent dissociation constant of enzyme for gaseous ester was found very low compared with the one obtained for liquid ester in organic medium, certainly due to the more efficient diffusion in the gaseous phase. The effect of water thermodynamic activity was also investigated. Water was found to act as a competitive inhibitor, with a higher inhibition constant than n-propanol. Thus alcoholysis of gaseous methyl propionate and n-propanol catalyzed by C. antarctica lipase B was found to obey the same kinetic mechanism as in other non-conventional media such as organic liquid media and supercritical carbon dioxide, but with much higher affinity for the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Bousquet-Dubouch
- Université de la Rochelle, Laboratoire de Génie Protéique et Cellulaire, Pôle Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, Cedex 1, France.
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