1
|
Kollárová K, Kamenická V, Vatehová Z, Lišková D. Impact of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides and Cd stress on maize root growth parameters, morphology, and structure. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 222:59-66. [PMID: 29407550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active oligosaccharides, including galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMOs), affect plant growth and development. The impact of GGMOs is dependent on their concentration, and the plant species and plant parts affected. The aim of this article is to ascertain the effects of GGMOs, GGMOs + Cd2+, on growth parameters, morphology, and the structure of maize (Zea mays L.) roots. We undertook this research because, in monocots, the effect of these oligosaccharides is so far unknown. In our study, GGMOs stimulated primary root elongation, induction and elongation of lateral roots, and biomass production. Their effect was dependent on the concentration used. Simultaneously, GGMOs moderated the negative effect of Cd2+ on root elongation growth. Besides, GGMOs affected the primary root structure, proven in the earlier development of xylem and Casparian bands, but not of suberin lamellae (compared to the control). The presence of Cd2+ shifted the apoplasmic barriers closer to the root apex in comparison to samples treated with GGMOs + Cd2+. GGMOs do not inhibit Cd uptake into the root directly, but they moderate its effect, and therefore their influence at the structural and metabolic level seems possible. Their positive impact on plant vitality, even in contaminated conditions, strongly indicates their potential application in remediation technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kollárová
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Viktória Kamenická
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B-2, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Vatehová
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Desana Lišková
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kučerová D, Kollárová K, Zelko I, Vatehová Z, Lišková D. Galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides alleviate cadmium stress in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:518-24. [PMID: 24655387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Our study focused on the mediatory role of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMOs) in plant protection against cadmium stress, examined mainly on the primary root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. The application of GGMOs diminished the negative effect of cadmium on root length, root growth dynamics and also on photosynthetic pigment content. We tested the hypothesis that the effect of GGMOs is associated with decreased cadmium accumulation or its modified distribution. Cadmium distribution was observed chronologically from the first day of plant culture and depended on the duration of cadmium treatment. First, cadmium was stored in the root and hypocotyl and later transported by xylem to the leaves and stored there in trichomes. The protective effect of GGMOs was not based on modified cadmium distribution or its decreased accumulation. In cadmium and GGMOs+cadmium-treated plants, the formation of suberin lamellae was shifted closer to the root apex compared to the control and GGMOs. No significant changes between cadmium and GGMOs+cadmium variants in suberin lamellae development corresponded with any differences in cadmium uptake. GGMOs also stimulated Arabidopsis root growth under non-stress conditions. In this case, suberin lamellae were developed more distantly from the root apex in comparison with the control. Faster solute and water transport could explain the faster plant growth induced by GGMOs. Our results suggest that, in cadmium-stressed plants, GGMOs' protective action is associated with the response at the metabolic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danica Kučerová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karin Kollárová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ivan Zelko
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Vatehová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Desana Lišková
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xue BL, Wen JL, Xu F, Sun RC. Structural characterization of hemicelluloses fractionated by graded ethanol precipitation from Pinus yunnanensis. Carbohydr Res 2012; 352:159-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
4
|
Price NPJ, Hartman TM, Faber TA, Vermillion KE, Fahey GC. Galactoglucomannan Oligosaccharides (GGMO) from a molasses byproduct of pine ( Pinus taeda ) fiberboard production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1854-1861. [PMID: 21288026 DOI: 10.1021/jf1037097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
"Temulose" is the trade name for a water-soluble molasses produced on a large scale (300-400 tonnes per year) as a byproduct of the fiberboard industry. The feedstock for Temulose is predominantly a single species of pine ( Pinus taeda ) grown and harvested in stands in southeastern Texas. Because of the method of production, the molasses was predicted to consist of water-soluble hemicelluloses, mainly arabinoxylan-type and galactoglucomannan-type oligosaccharides, plus minor components of lignin, but no detailed structural study had been reported. The structure and composition of the molasses has now been deduced by a combination of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, size exclusion chromatography, proton and (13)C NMR techniques, and classic carbohydrate analysis. Limited acid hydrolysis released a series of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMO) that were selectively recovered from the acid-labile arabinogalactan by precipitation with ethanol. The precipitate was named "Temulose brown sugar" because of its appearance, and is shown to consist of GGMO with a degree of polymerization (DP) from 4 to 13, with the major component being DP 5-8. The structure of these oligosaccharides is a β-1,4-linked backbone of Man and Glc residues, with occasional α-1,6 branching by single galactosyl units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil P J Price
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Hemicelluloses are polysaccharides in plant cell walls that have beta-(1-->4)-linked backbones with an equatorial configuration. Hemicelluloses include xyloglucans, xylans, mannans and glucomannans, and beta-(1-->3,1-->4)-glucans. These types of hemicelluloses are present in the cell walls of all terrestrial plants, except for beta-(1-->3,1-->4)-glucans, which are restricted to Poales and a few other groups. The detailed structure of the hemicelluloses and their abundance vary widely between different species and cell types. The most important biological role of hemicelluloses is their contribution to strengthening the cell wall by interaction with cellulose and, in some walls, with lignin. These features are discussed in relation to widely accepted models of the primary wall. Hemicelluloses are synthesized by glycosyltransferases located in the Golgi membranes. Many glycosyltransferases needed for biosynthesis of xyloglucans and mannans are known. In contrast, the biosynthesis of xylans and beta-(1-->3,1-->4)-glucans remains very elusive, and recent studies have led to more questions than answers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Vibe Scheller
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California 94608, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
da Silva BP, de Medeiros Silva G, Parente JP. Chemical properties and adjuvant activity of a galactoglucomannan from Acrocomia aculeata. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Spruce-derived mannans – A potential raw material for hydrocolloids and novel advanced natural materials. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Bochicchio R, Reicher F. Are hemicelluloses from Podocarpus lambertii typical of gymnosperms? Carbohydr Polym 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(03)00046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
9
|
Lundqvist J, Jacobs A, Palm M, Zacchi G, Dahlman O, Stålbrand H. Characterization of galactoglucomannan extracted from spruce (Picea abies) by heat-fractionation at different conditions. Carbohydr Polym 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(02)00111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
Abstract
A water-soluble galactoglucomannan composed of D-galactose, D-glucose, and D-mannose in 1:3:17 mole proportion has been isolated from the secondary cell walls of Picea abies L. Karst. About 33% of the polysaccharide units were substituted by acetyl groups. Structural studies of the polymer indicated a beta-(1-->4)-linked glucomannopyranosyl backbone with a low content of branch points at O-6 of mannosyl and glucosyl residues. A preference for mannosyl groups indicates the presence of a single D-galactosyl unit side-chain. About half of the mannose residues were O-acetylated at C-2 and C-3 in 1.7:1 mole proportion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Capek
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-842 38 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schröder R, Nicolas P, Vincent SJ, Fischer M, Reymond S, Redgwell RJ. Purification and characterisation of a galactoglucomannan from kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). Carbohydr Res 2001; 331:291-306. [PMID: 11383899 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A galactoglucomannan (GGM) has been purified from the primary cell walls of ripe kiwifruit. A combination of barium hydroxide precipitation, anion exchange- and gel-permeation chromatography gave a chemically homogeneous polymer with a 1:2:2 galactose-glucose-mannose ratio and a molecular weight range of 16-42 kDa. Complete hydrolysis of the polymer with endo-1,4-beta-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78) from Aspergillus niger gave a mixture of oligosaccharides, three of which (II, III, IV) accounted for more than 80% of the GGM. Structural characterisation of these oligosaccharides and the original polysaccharide was achieved by linkage analysis, 1D and 2D NMR spectrometry and enzymatic hydrolysis. Oligosaccharide II beta-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-beta-D-Manp-(1-->, III beta-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-[alpha-D-Galp-(1-->6)]-beta-D-Manp-(1-->, and IV beta-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-[beta-D-Galp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->6)]-beta-D-Manp-(1-->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-beta-D-Manp-(1-->, appeared in the molar ratio of 2:1:1. A trace amount of mannobiose (I) was detected, indicating that some of the mannosyl residues were contiguous. It is concluded that the predominant structural feature of kiwifruit GGM is a backbone of alternating beta-(1-->4)-linked D-glucopyranosyl and D-mannopyranosyl residues, with approximately one third of the latter carrying side-chains at 0-6 of single alpha-D-Galp-(1--> residues (50% of the branches) or the disaccharide beta-D-Galp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Galp-(1--> (50% of the branches), the substituted residues being separated by three or five unsubstituted monosaccharide units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Schröder
- HortResearch, Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sims IM, Craik DJ, Bacic A. Structural characterisation of galactoglucomannan secreted by suspension-cultured cells of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Carbohydr Res 1997; 303:79-92. [PMID: 9345755 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(97)00144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Galactoglucomannan (GGM) from cultures of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia has Man:Glc:Gal:Ara:Xyl in 1.0:1.1:1.0:0.1:0.04 ratio. Linkage analysis contained 4- and 4,6-Manp, 4-Glcp, terminal Galp and 2-Galp, small amounts and terminal Arap and terminal Xylp, and approximately 0.03 mol acetyl per mol of glucosyl residue. Treatment with alpha- and beta-D-galactosidases showed that the majority of the side-chains were either single Galp-alpha-(1-->residues or the disaccharide Galp-beta-(1-->2)-Galp-alpha-(1-->linked to O-6 of the 4-Manp residues of the glucomannan backbone. Analysis of the oligosaccharides generated by endo-(1-->4)-beta-mannanase digestion confirmed that the GGM comprises a backbone of predominantly alternating-->4)-D-Manp-beta-(1-->and-->4)-D-Glcp-beta-(1-->branch ed at O-6 of 65% of the 4-Manp residues. The major oligosaccharide identified was D-Glcp-beta-(1-->4)-[D-Galp-beta-(1-->2)-D-Galp-alpha-(1-->6)]-D-Man p-beta-(1-->4)-D-Glcp-beta-(1-->4)-[D-Galp-alpha-(1-->6)]-D-Manp -beta-(1-->(27%), and most of the other oligosaccharides produced in significant quantities were based on this structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I M Sims
- Cooperative Research Centre for Industrial Plant Biopolymers, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
van Hazendonk JM, Reinerik EJ, de Waard P, van Dam JE. Structural analysis of acetylated hemicellulose polysaccharides from fibre flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Carbohydr Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(96)00160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|