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Magadan S, Mondot S, Palti Y, Gao G, Lefranc MP, Boudinot P. Genomic analysis of a second rainbow trout line (Arlee) leads to an extended description of the IGH VDJ gene repertoire. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:103998. [PMID: 33450314 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing technologies brought a renewed interest for immune repertoires. Fish Ab and B cell repertoires are no exception, and their comprehensive analysis can both provide new insights into poorly understood immune mechanisms, and identify markers of protection after vaccination. However, the lack of genomic description and standardized nomenclature of IG genes hampers accurate annotation of Ig mRNA deep sequencing data. Complete genome sequences of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout (Swanson line) recently allowed us to establish a comprehensive and coherent annotation of Salmonid IGH genes following IMGT standards. Here we analyzed the IGHV, D, and J genes from the newly released genome of a second rainbow trout line (Arlee). We confirmed the validity of salmonid IGHV subgroups, and extended the description of the rainbow trout IGH gene repertoire with novel sequences, while keeping nomenclature continuity. This work provides an important resource for annotation of high-throughput Ab repertoire sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Magadan
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Stanislas Mondot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Yniv Palti
- USDA-ARS National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Guangtu Gao
- USDA-ARS National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Marie Paule Lefranc
- IMGT®, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System®, Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire (LIGM), Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), UMR9002 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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2
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Hou J, Wang G, Zhang X, Wang Y, Sun Z, Si F, Jiang X, Liu H. Production and verification of a 2 nd generation clonal group of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35776. [PMID: 27767055 PMCID: PMC5073307 DOI: 10.1038/srep35776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal fishes are useful tools in biology and aquaculture studies due to their isogenicity. In Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), a group of homozygous clones was created by inducing meiogynogenesis in eggs from a mitogynogenetic homozygous diploid. As the clones reached sexual maturity, meiogynogenesis was again induced in order to produce a 2nd generation clonal group of Japanese flounder. After 3 months, there were 611 healthy, surviving individuals. Twenty-four microsatellite markers, that covered all the linkage groups of Japanese flounder, were used to identify the homozygosity of the 2nd generation clones; no heterozygous locus was detected. This indicates that the production of a 2nd generation clonal group of Japanese flounder was successful. Restriction-site DNA associated sequencing at the genomic level also confirmed the homozygosity and clonality of the 2nd generation clonal group. Furthermore, these 2nd generation clones had a small coefficient of variation for body shape indices at 210 days of age and showed a high degree of similarity in body characteristics among individuals. The successful production of 2nd generation clones has laid the foundation for the large-scale production of clonal Japanese flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilun Hou
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066100, China
| | - Guixing Wang
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066100, China
| | - Yufen Wang
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066100, China
| | - Zhaohui Sun
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066100, China
| | - Fei Si
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066100, China
| | - Xiufeng Jiang
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066100, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066100, China
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3
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Evenhuis JP, Wiens GD, Wheeler P, Welch TJ, LaPatra SE, Thorgaard GH. Transfer of serum and cells from Yersinia ruckeri vaccinated doubled-haploid hot creek rainbow trout into outcross F1 progeny elucidates mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 44:145-151. [PMID: 24342572 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is a well-established bacterial pathogen for many salmonid species, against which a formalin-killed bacterin vaccine has been effective in reducing disease outbreaks. Previous studies have reported conflicting results about the protective value of the systemic humoral response to Y. ruckeri vaccination. Here we directly demonstrate that plasma contains the long-term protective component elicited by both immersion and intraperitoneal injection vaccination of rainbow trout. A total of 0.5 μL of plasma from vaccinated fish provided almost complete protection against experimental challenge. Conversely, the cells obtained from peripheral blood conferred little or no protection in naïve recipients. The protective component of immune sera was IgM based on size exclusion chromatography and recognition by monoclonal antibody Warr 1-14. Immune plasma generated against a Y. ruckeri biotype 1 strain protected equally against challenges with Y. ruckeri biotype 1 and 2 strains. These results illustrate the importance of the humoral IgM response against Y. ruckeri and the use of doubled haploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and transfer of plasma/serum and cells into F1 outcross progeny as a model system for dissection of the mechanism(s) of vaccine-induced protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Evenhuis
- USDA-ARS, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
| | - Gregory D Wiens
- USDA-ARS, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Paul Wheeler
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Timothy J Welch
- USDA-ARS, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Scott E LaPatra
- Clear Springs Foods Inc., Research Division, Buhl, ID 83316, USA
| | - Gary H Thorgaard
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
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4
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Meng F, Wang R, Gao Y, Xu T. Genomic organization, single nucleotide polymorphism and functional characterization of natural killer enhancing factor (NKEF-A) in Miichthys miiuy. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 41:651-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Miller MR, Brunelli JP, Wheeler PA, Liu S, Rexroad CE, Palti Y, Doe CQ, Thorgaard GH. A conserved haplotype controls parallel adaptation in geographically distant salmonid populations. Mol Ecol 2011; 21:237-49. [PMID: 21988725 PMCID: PMC3664428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Salmonid fishes exhibit extensive local adaptations owing to abundant environmental variation and precise natal homing. This extensive local adaptation makes conservation and restoration of salmonids a challenge. For example, defining unambiguous units of conservation is difficult, and restoration attempts often fail owing to inadequate adaptive matching of translocated populations. A better understanding of the genetic architecture of local adaptation in salmonids could provide valuable information to assist in conserving and restoring natural populations of these important species. Here, we use a combination of laboratory crosses and next-generation sequencing to investigate the genetic architecture of the parallel adaptation of rapid development rate in two geographically and genetically distant populations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Strikingly, we find that not only is a parallel genetic mechanism used but that a conserved haplotype is responsible for this intriguing adaptation. The repeated use of adaptive genetic variation across distant geographical areas could be a general theme in salmonids and have important implications for conservation and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Miller
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
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6
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Grimholt U, Johansen R, Smith AJ. A review of the need and possible uses for genetically standardized Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in research. Lab Anim 2009; 43:121-6. [DOI: 10.1258/la.2008.008013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Large numbers of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) are used as research animals in basic research and to solve challenges related to the fish-farming industry. Most of this research is performed on farmed animals provided by local breeders or national breeding companies. The genetic constitution of these animals is usually unknown and highly variable. As a result, large numbers of fish are often needed to produce significant results, and results from one study are often impossible to reproduce in another facility. The production of standardized salmon could in many cases reduce the number of animals used in research and at the same time provide more reproducible results. This paper provides an overview of the methods available for the production of standardized Atlantic salmon, and discusses the pros and cons of each technique. The use of zebrafish and other well-defined laboratory fish species as a model for salmon is also discussed. Access to genetically defined fish would greatly benefit the scientific community, in the same way as genetically defined lines of rodents have revolutionized mammalian research.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grimholt
- Department of Biology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Johansen
- Laboratory Animal Unit, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - A J Smith
- Norecopa, National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Markkula SE, Salo HM, Rikalainen AK, Jokinen EI. Different sensitivity of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to the immunomodulatory effects of UVB irradiation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 21:70-9. [PMID: 16376572 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the sensitivity of two fish species, carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), to the immunomodulatory effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, the fish were exposed to a single UVB dose of 50, 250, 500 or 1,000 mJ cm(-2). These species represent different phylogenetic groups of fish, and they differ also in their behaviour inhabitating often dark and turbid (carp) or clear and transparent waters (salmonids). Immune responses were studied on day 1 post-irradiation. Unexposed fish, and fish exposed to radiation depleted of UV wavelengths served as controls. UVB irradiation markedly enhanced the blood respiratory burst and cytotoxic activity in carp, but in the head kidney these parameters were significantly suppressed. Rainbow trout respiratory burst was affected only after exposure with the highest dose of UVB. Lymphopenia and granulophilia were noted in both fish blood after exposure. This study indicates that UVB irradiation modulates immune functions in both fish species studied, and that rainbow trout is more tolerant than carp against UVB. Fish are clearly adapted to the environmental UVB levels prevailing in their usual living habitats, but are also a target of undesired effects of UVB on immune functions whenever exposed to increased radiation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eveliina Markkula
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, Survontie 9 YAC, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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8
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Iwanowicz LR, Densmore CL, Ottinger CA. Calcein AM release-based cytotoxic cell assay for fish leucocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 16:127-137. [PMID: 15123317 DOI: 10.1016/s1050-4648(03)00056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2002] [Accepted: 04/30/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A non-specific cytotoxic cell assay for fish is presented that is based on the release of the activated fluorochrome calcein AM from lysed carp epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. To establish the suitability of treating EPC cells with calcein AM the uptake and spontaneous release of the calcein AM by the EPC cells was evaluated. Incubation of 5 microM calcein AM in culture medium with 1x10(5)EPC cells well(-1)for a minimum of 3 h provided sufficient labelling. Spontaneous release of fluorescence from the labelled EPC cells during 10 h of post labelling incubation ranged from 30 to 39% of the total observed fluorescence. Cytotoxic activity of trout leucocytes was evaluated at three leucocyte to target cell ratios (10:1, 2:1 and 1:1) following incubation (4, 6, 8, and 10 h) with calcein AM-labelled EPC cells at 15 degrees C. In some instances, the monoclonal antibody specific for the NCC surface receptor NCCRP-1 (MAb5C.6) was included in the cultures. The activity of NCC cells was significantly inhibited in the presence of 0.25 microg well(-1)of MAb5C.6 relative to no antibody (P</=0.013) or an equal amount of an unrelated antibody (P</=0.001). Average maximum observed percent cytotoxic cell activity of approximately 18% was observed following 8 h of incubation at the 2:1 and 1:1 leucocyte to target cell ratios. Percent cytotoxic cell activity using calcein AM was similar to values reported for rainbow trout leucocytes using the 51Cr-release assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Iwanowicz
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
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9
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Thorgaard GH, Bailey GS, Williams D, Buhler DR, Kaattari SL, Ristow SS, Hansen JD, Winton JR, Bartholomew JL, Nagler JJ, Walsh PJ, Vijayan MM, Devlin RH, Hardy RW, Overturf KE, Young WP, Robison BD, Rexroad C, Palti Y. Status and opportunities for genomics research with rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 133:609-46. [PMID: 12470823 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(02)00167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most widely studied of model fish species. Extensive basic biological information has been collected for this species, which because of their large size relative to other model fish species are particularly suitable for studies requiring ample quantities of specific cells and tissue types. Rainbow trout have been widely utilized for research in carcinogenesis, toxicology, comparative immunology, disease ecology, physiology and nutrition. They are distinctive in having evolved from a relatively recent tetraploid event, resulting in a high incidence of duplicated genes. Natural populations are available and have been well characterized for chromosomal, protein, molecular and quantitative genetic variation. Their ease of culture, and experimental and aquacultural significance has led to the development of clonal lines and the widespread application of transgenic technology to this species. Numerous microsatellites have been isolated and two relatively detailed genetic maps have been developed. Extensive sequencing of expressed sequence tags has begun and four BAC libraries have been developed. The development and analysis of additional genomic sequence data will provide distinctive opportunities to address problems in areas such as evolution of the immune system and duplicate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary H Thorgaard
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA.
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10
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Zhang H, Evenhuis JP, Thorgaard GH, Ristow SS. Cloning, characterization and genomic structure of the natural killer cell enhancement factor (NKEF)-like gene from homozygous clones of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2001; 25:25-35. [PMID: 10980317 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-305x(00)00038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer cell enhancement factor (NKEF) belongs to the antioxidant protein family. In the human, NKEF has the ability to enhance natural killer cell cytotoxic activity in vitro. In the present work, the cDNAs of NKEF from three strains of homozygous clones of rainbow trout were cloned from the splenic cDNA library of one of the strains, OSU142, and then by RT-PCR for the Hot Creek (HC) and Arlee (AR) strains. The HC sequence has 99% sequence identity with both OSU142 and AR. OSU142 and AR have only one nucleotide difference in the cDNA sequence. All three sequences have the same deduced NKEF peptide, which contains 199 amino acids. The 6. 5 kb genomic DNA of OSU142 containing NKEF was sequenced and contains six exons and five introns. Tissue specific expression of NKEF was studied by RT-PCR in eight different tissues of OSU142 and revealed that all tissues expressed NKEF. A southern blot revealed that the gene for NKEF is present in a single copy. The cDNA and amino acid sequences of trout NKEF have high similarity with human, rat, mouse and carp sequences, therefore, indicating that NKEF is a very conserved gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6351, USA
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Zhang H, Robison B, Thorgaard GH, Ristow SS. Cloning, mapping and genomic organization of a fish C-type lectin gene from homozygous clones of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1494:14-22. [PMID: 11072064 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing a splenic cDNA library and rapid amplification of cDNA 5' ends (5'-RACE), a C-type lectin gene was cloned from a homozygous cloned rainbow trout. The 1176 bp cDNA contains a 714 bp open reading frame from which a 238-amino-acid (aa) (27 kDa) protein was deduced. It was confirmed that this protein belongs to the C-type animal lectins, and is a type II membrane receptor. The predicted protein from this sequence contains a 48 aa cytoplasmic domain, a 20 aa transmembrane domain (TM), a 46 aa stalk region and a 124 aa carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). The stalk region contains a leucine-zipper, and an N-glycosylation site was also found in the CRD. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the CRD indicate that the protein has similarity with human dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR), gp120 binding C-type lectin (gp120BCL) and mammalian hepatic lectins. The N-terminus (aa 4-183) has similarity with NKG2, a group of C-type lectin receptors important in human natural killer cell function. The genomic DNA (gDNA) containing this gene was amplified and sequenced. The 4569 bp gDNA contains five exons and four introns. The first three exons encode the cytoplasmic domain, the TM and stalk region, respectively. Unlike the other type II C-type lectin receptors in which the CRD was encoded by three exons, the CRD of this lectin was encoded by two exons. A transposon Tc1-like fragment was found in intron III. Intron IV is composed of a simple repeat. Tissue-specific expression of the gene was studied by RT-PCR, and it was mainly expressed in spleen and peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL). Using AluI to digest the fragment containing exon I, intron I and exon II, an RFLP was produced between the sequences of this gene in two cloned fish, OSU 142 and Arlee (AR). Seventy-one doubled haploids (DH) of OSU X AR were screened, and the gene was mapped to linkage group XIV on the published map (Young et al., Genetics 148 (1998) 839).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Washington State University Department of Animal Sciences, Pullman, WA 99164-6351, USA
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12
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Estepa A, Alvarez F, Ezquerra A, Coll JM. Viral-antigen dependence and T-cell receptor expression in leucocytes from rhabdovirus immunized trout. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1999; 68:73-89. [PMID: 10231953 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(99)00013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the characterization of trout haematopoietic in vitro long-term cell cultures showing specific viral antigen-dependent cell (ADC) proliferation. The ADC cultures were developed from outbreed trout after surviving viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) infections or after immunization with purified VHSV. For in vitro long-term proliferation of the ADC cultures, adherent (Ad) cells obtained from autologous trout were pulsed with VHSV recombinant glycoprotein G4 (G4-pulsed Ad cells) and added periodically to the cultures. ADC did not proliferate in cultures obtained from non-infected control trout treated in parallel with G4 or from VHSV survivor/VHSV immunized trout kidney donors treated with non-viral proteins. After months in culture, the ADC acquired an increasingly homogeneous morphology compatible with that of mature trout lymphocytes, secreted supernatant 'factors', and were stained with rabbit antibodies to the ectodomain of recombinant trout T-cell receptor (TcR) beta-chain. Together with all the above mentioned properties, the presence of TcR sequences in the ADC cultures confirmed by the expression of alpha- and beta-chain TcR by nested PCR amplification and sequencing of the amplified bands, suggests that these ADC cultures contain trout T-like cells engaged in a VHSV response. These trout ADC cultures offer a first opportunity to further analyze fish anti-viral immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Estepa
- INIA, Sanidad Animal, CISA-Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Abstract
We describe a methodology to obtain from the trout T-lymphocyte-like cell cultures showing in vitro antigen-dependent cell (ADC) proliferation. ADC cultures were developed from each of 3 outbred rainbow trout that survived two consecutive viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) infections (an important salmonid fish disease in Europe). As stimulating antigen, we used a yeast recombinant form of the glycoprotein G (G4) of VHSV. No similar ADC cultures could be obtained from non-infected control trout kidney cells incubated in the presence of G4, confirming previously published observations. For long-term culture, and to overcome the absence of inbred trout populations, autologous haematopoietic adherent (Ad) cells were obtained and maintained from each individual trout kidney and periodically used as viral antigen-presenting cells (called G4-pulsed Ad cells) to autologous ADC cultures. The methodology to obtain trout ADC lines constitutes a new tool that would facilitate further studies on the comparative and developmental immunology of lower vertebrates. It could also be applied to research on fish vaccination and viral antigen-presentation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Estepa
- INIA, Sanidad Animal, CISA-Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
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Wiegertjes GF, Stet RJ, Parmentier HK, van Muiswinkel WB. Immunogenetics of disease resistance in fish: a comparative approach. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 1996; 20:365-381. [PMID: 9040980 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-305x(96)00032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The study of the genetic regulation of infectious disease resistance depends on the availability of inbred lines or selection lines of the species under investigation. The small numbers of such lines of fish has limited the strategy in teleosts to studies of associations between disease and immune/health traits. Attempts to correlate genetic differences in immune responsiveness with survival after experimental challenge with pathogenic bacteria have failed to define immune parameters that can substantially aid selection for genetic resistance to infectious diseases. Advantages and disadvantages of selection strategies as illustrated by mouse and chicken models are discussed. In this study we summarize the present situation in fish as well as our attempts to develop gynogenetic lines of carp for immunogenetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Wiegertjes
- Department of Experimental Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences (WIAS), Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands
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