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Salminen AT, Tithof J, Izhiman Y, Masters EA, McCloskey MC, Gaborski TR, Kelley DH, Pietropaoli AP, Waugh RE, McGrath JL. Endothelial cell apicobasal polarity coordinates distinct responses to luminally versus abluminally delivered TNF-α in a microvascular mimetic. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 12:275-289. [PMID: 33164044 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are an active component of the immune system and interact directly with inflammatory cytokines. While ECs are known to be polarized cells, the potential role of apicobasal polarity in response to inflammatory mediators has been scarcely studied. Acute inflammation is vital in maintaining healthy tissue in response to infection; however, chronic inflammation can lead to the production of systemic inflammatory cytokines and deregulated leukocyte trafficking, even in the absence of a local infection. Elevated levels of cytokines in circulation underlie the pathogenesis of sepsis, the leading cause of intensive care death. Because ECs constitute a key barrier between circulation (luminal interface) and tissue (abluminal interface), we hypothesize that ECs respond differentially to inflammatory challenge originating in the tissue versus circulation as in local and systemic inflammation, respectively. To begin this investigation, we stimulated ECs abluminally and luminally with the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) to mimic a key feature of local and systemic inflammation, respectively, in a microvascular mimetic (μSiM-MVM). Polarized IL-8 secretion and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) transmigration were quantified to characterize the EC response to luminal versus abluminal TNF-α. We observed that ECs uniformly secrete IL-8 in response to abluminal TNF-α and is followed by PMN transmigration. The response to abluminal treatment was coupled with the formation of ICAM-1-rich membrane ruffles on the apical surface of ECs. In contrast, luminally stimulated ECs secreted five times more IL-8 into the luminal compartment than the abluminal compartment and sequestered PMNs on the apical EC surface. Our results identify clear differences in the response of ECs to TNF-α originating from the abluminal versus luminal side of a monolayer for the first time and may provide novel insight into future inflammatory disease intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec T Salminen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Tithof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yara Izhiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Elysia A Masters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Molly C McCloskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas R Gaborski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Douglas H Kelley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Anthony P Pietropaoli
- Medicine, Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Richard E Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Mao J, Liu J, Pang X, Li M, Song J, Han C, Wu D, Wang S. Nicotine induces the expression of C-reactive protein via MAPK-dependent signal pathway in U937 macrophages. Mol Cells 2012; 34:457-61. [PMID: 23149874 PMCID: PMC3887791 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-0205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in the vessel wall. Nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis. As an inflammatory molecule, C- reactive protein (CRP) participates in atherogenesis. Although it has been confirmed that CRP level in smoking patient is significantly higher than non-smokers and cigarette withdrawal, it is unknown whether nicotine induces CRP expression in macrophages. The present study was to observe effect of nicotine on CRP production and the related signal pathway in U937 macrophages. The results showed that nicotine significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of CRP in U937 macrophages in time- and concentration-dependent ways. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blocker hexamethonium, MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and NF-κB inhibitor PDTC almost completely abolished nicotineinduced CRP expression in mRNA and protein levels in U937 macrophages. The further study indicated that hexamethonium, PD98059, and SB203580 significantly inhibited ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. These demonstrate that nicotine has ability to induce CRP expression in macrophages through nAChR-ERK1/2/p38 MAPK-NF-κB signal pathway, which contributes to better understanding of the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic effects of nicotine in cigarette smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an,
P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical College, Xi’an,
P.R. China
| | - Juntian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an,
P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an,
P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang,
China
| | - Jinyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an,
P.R. China
| | - Chunjie Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi’an,
P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an,
P.R. China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an,
P.R. China
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Role of interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor in leukocyte recruitment to acute dermal inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 1:347-53. [PMID: 18475483 PMCID: PMC2365361 DOI: 10.1155/s0962935192000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α are involved in inflammation and their production is stimulated by various agents, especially endotoxin (LPS). Here, using the human IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and a new monoclonal antibody (mAb 7F11) to rabbit TNF, the role of endogenous IL-l and TNF production in acute (3h) leukocyte (PMNL) recruitment to dermal inflammation in rabbits has been studied. IL-1RA inhibited by 27% the PMNL accumulation in reactions induced by killed Escherichia coli (p < 0.05) but not by LPS. The monoclonal antibody to TNF inhibited by 27% and 38% (p < 0.002) the PMNL accumulation in LPS and E. coli reactions respectively, but a combination of the mAb with IL-1RA was not more effective. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelium with LPS for 3 h activated endothelium to induce PMNL transendothelial migration in vitro, which was not inhibited by IL-1RA, antibody to TNF-α, IL-1 or to IL-8. In conclusion, TNF and IL-1 may partially mediate acute PMNL infiltration in vivo to LPS and Gram negative bacteria, but there is a major IL-1/TNF independent mechanism, at least in dermal inflammation, which may be due to direct LPS activation of the microvasculature or perhaps the generation of cytokines other than IL-1 and TNF.
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Issekutz AC, Rowter D, Macmillan HF. Intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) inhibits IL-1- and TNF-α-dependent, but not chemotactic-factor-stimulated, neutrophil transendothelial migration. Clin Immunol 2011; 141:187-96. [PMID: 21917526 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has anti-inflammatory effects via incompletely understood mechanisms. By investigating whether IVIG might modulate neutrophil (PMN) recruitment, we observed that IVIG dose-dependently inhibited (by 30-50%) PMN transendothelial migration (TEM) across human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) stimulated with IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α or IL-1β+TNF-α. Inhibition required the presence of IVIG with the responding PMNs, was attributable to the F(ab)(2) portion and was unrelated to putative contaminants in IVIG. IVIG did not inhibit IL-1β- or TNF-α-induced increase of PMN adhesion to EC, nor did it affect C5a- or IL-8-induced PMN TEM across unstimulated EC. Effects of IVIG and F(ab)(2) fragments were not associated with PMN activation, assessed by CD62L shedding, CD11b upregulation or PMN shape. Thus, IVIG selectively inhibits PMN TEM across inflammatory-cytokine-stimulated - but not unstimulated - EC, perhaps contributing to therapeutic benefit in chronic inflammation with minimal impact on chemotactic-factor-induced PMN recruitment during acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Issekutz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Régnier A, Vicaut E, Mraovitch S. Aggravation of seizure-associated microvascular injuries by ibuprofen may involve multiple pathways. Epilepsia 2010; 51:2412-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Macmillan HF, Rowter D, Lee T, Issekutz AC. Intravenous immunoglobulin G selectively inhibits IL-1α-induced neutrophil–endothelial cell adhesion. Autoimmunity 2010; 43:619-27. [DOI: 10.3109/08916931003599062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Song JW, Cavnar SP, Walker AC, Luker KE, Gupta M, Tung YC, Luker GD, Takayama S. Microfluidic endothelium for studying the intravascular adhesion of metastatic breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5756. [PMID: 19484126 PMCID: PMC2684591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to properly model intravascular steps in metastasis is essential in identifying key physical, cellular, and molecular determinants that can be targeted therapeutically to prevent metastatic disease. Research on the vascular microenvironment has been hindered by challenges in studying this compartment in metastasis under conditions that reproduce in vivo physiology while allowing facile experimental manipulation. Methodology/Principal Findings We present a microfluidic vasculature system to model interactions between circulating breast cancer cells with microvascular endothelium at potential sites of metastasis. The microfluidic vasculature produces spatially-restricted stimulation from the basal side of the endothelium that models both organ-specific localization and polarization of chemokines and many other signaling molecules under variable flow conditions. We used this microfluidic system to produce site-specific stimulation of microvascular endothelium with CXCL12, a chemokine strongly implicated in metastasis. Conclusions/Significance When added from the basal side, CXCL12 acts through receptor CXCR4 on endothelium to promote adhesion of circulating breast cancer cells, independent of CXCL12 receptors CXCR4 or CXCR7 on tumor cells. These studies suggest that targeting CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling in endothelium may limit metastases in breast and other cancers and highlight the unique capabilities of our microfluidic device to advance studies of the intravascular microenvironment in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W. Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Stephen P. Cavnar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ann C. Walker
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kathryn E. Luker
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mudit Gupta
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yi-Chung Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gary D. Luker
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GDL); (ST)
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GDL); (ST)
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8
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Wang Y, Wang L, Ai X, Zhao J, Hao X, Lu Y, Qiao Z. Nicotine could augment adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells through macrophages secreting TNF-alpha, IL-1beta. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 4:1675-86. [PMID: 15454119 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Revised: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 07/26/2004] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine, the major immunomodulatory components of cigarette smoking, is among the leading risk factors in atherosclerosis and various other diseases. The subject of this study is to observe how nicotine affects the function of macrophages and vascular endothelial cells. The changes of nicotine on releasing of cytokines from Ana-1 were detected by radio-immunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-link immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The adhesion of monocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with Ana-1 supernatant-activated was evaluated through adhesion experiments. ELISA and RT-PCR methods examined expression of soluble adhesion molecular protein and their mRNA. Which cytokines in Ana-1 supernatant affecting HUVECs ability to express adhesion molecular were tested by adhesion blockade analysis and ELISA. The results showed TNF-alpha, IL-1beta could reach the peak with 0.06mM nicotine treated for 24 and 12 h on Ana-1, respectively, but IL-8 and IFN-gamma had no significant alter. Adhesion experiments proved treatment of HUVECs with supernatant of Ana-1 for 24 h obviously augmented the adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs. ELISA and PCR demonstrated expression of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 protein (sICAM-1) increased sharply at 24 h, while soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 protein (sVCAM-1) and soluble endothelial selectin protein (sE-selectin) rose at 9 h; ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin mRNA had a similar tendency. Treatment of HUVECs with anti-TNF-alpha, anti-IL-1beta antibodies pre-neutralized supernatant of Ana-1 could block monocytes adhesion. In conclusion, our findings suggest that nicotine could augment macrophages releasing TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, furthermore TNF-alpha and IL-1beta could up-regulate the expression of adhesion molecule and increase adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs. These might be one of the reasons that leaded to endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huashanlu 1954, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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9
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Matsubara A, Tamai K, Matsuda Y, Niwa Y, Morita H, Tomida K, Armstrong D, Ogura Y. Protective effect of polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase on leukocyte dynamics in rat retinal microcirculation under lipid hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress. Exp Eye Res 2005; 81:193-9. [PMID: 16080913 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2005.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2004] [Revised: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The levels of lipid hydroperoxide (LHPs) in vitreous are elevated in a variety of retinal disorders. Recently, we have shown that increased levels of LHPs in the vitreous enhanced leukocyte-endothelium interaction in the retina, which should contribute to the initial disturbance of the retinal microcirculation. Based upon the previous work, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD), one of the important enzyme antioxidants, on leukocyte-endothelial interaction in the retinal microcirculation under LHP-induced oxidative stress. Male Brown-Norway rats weighing approximately 250 g were used. LHP(18:2) was made from linoleic acid (LA) with lipoxygenase and 10 microg of LHP dissolved in 5 microl of sodium borate buffer (SBB, 0.02 m) was slowly injected into the vitreous using a 33-gauge needle. PEG-SOD (5000 units/kg) was given intravenously 5 min before LHP injection. At 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr after the vitreous injections, we evaluated the number of rolling leukocytes along the major retinal veins and the number of leukocytes that accumulated in the retinal microvasculature with acridine orange digital fluorography. In LHP-treated rats, leukocyte rolling along the major retinal veins was maximal at 6 hr after LHP injection. The number of rolling leukocytes in the PEG-SOD-treated rats was decreased to 5.5% of those in the LHP-treated rats at 6 hr after LHP injection (P<0.01). No rolling leukocytes were observed in either control or vehicle-treated eyes. The number of accumulated leukocytes in LHP-treated eyes started to increase at 12 hr, and peaked at 24 hr which was significantly higher than in both control and vehicle-treated eyes (P<0.01). The number of accumulated leukocytes in the PEG-SOD-treated rats was reduced by 88.0% at 24 hr (P<0.01). Intravenous injection of PEG-SOD significantly inhibited the leukocyte rolling and its accumulation under LHP-induced oxidative stress. These results suggest that PEG-SOD might attenuate various retinal microcirculatory disorders associated with LHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
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Abstract
Cell surface macromolecules play a crucial role in the biology and pathobiology of flaviviruses, both as receptors for virus entry and as signaling molecules for cell–cell interactions in the processes of vascular permeability and inflammation. This review examines the cell tropism and pathogenesis of flaviviruses from the standpoint of cell surface molecules, which have been implicated as receptors in both virus–cell as well as cell–cell interactions. The emerging picture is one that encompasses extensive regulation and interplay among the invading virus, viral immune complexes, Fc receptors, major histocompatibility complex antigens, and adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Anderson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4H7 Canada
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Tamai K, Matsubara A, Tomida K, Matsuda Y, Morita H, Armstrong D, Ogura Y. Lipid hydroperoxide stimulates leukocyte-endothelium interaction in the retinal microcirculation. Exp Eye Res 2002; 75:69-75. [PMID: 12123638 DOI: 10.1006/exer.2002.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte dynamics were evaluatyed in vivo in rat retinal microcirculation following exposure to lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) in the vitreous.Various amounts (1, 5, 10 or 100 microg) of LHP (18:2) dissolved in 5 microl of sodium borate buffer (SBB, 0.02M) were injected into the vitreous of Brown-Norway rats. As a comparative study, 10 microg of linoleic acid (LA) dissolved in 5 microl of SBB was injected in the same way. Rats that did not undergo injection were evaluated as un-treated. At 2 to 48 hr after LHP exposure, the following were examined: (1) the flux of rolling leukocytes along the major retinal veins, (2) the number of leukocytes that accumulated in the retinal microvasculature using acridine orange digital fluorography and (3) the diameter of major retinal vessels. In the LHP-treated eyes, leukocyte rolling along the major retinal veins was observed and the number increased in a dose-dependent manner ( 1 to 10 microg). The flux of rolling leukocytes peaked at 6 hr after LHP (10-100 microg) injection. No rolling leukocytes were observed in LA-treated or un-treated eyes. The number of accumulated leukocytes started to increase at 4 hr and peaked at 24 hr after LHP (10 microg) injection. This number was significantly higher than that in LA-treated and un-treated eyes. Venous dilation was seen from 4 hr after LHP (10 microg) injection and became significant at 6 and 24 hr as compared with LA-treated and un-treated eyes. The results indicate that increased LHP levels in the vitreous due to oxidative stress enhance leukocyte-enothelium interaction in the retinal microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Tamai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.
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12
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Kähler CM, Schratzberger P, Kaufmann G, Hochleitner B, Bechter O, Götsch C, Wöll E, Marschang P, Herold M, Wiedermann CJ. Transendothelial migration of leukocytes and signalling mechanisms in response to the neuropeptide secretoneurin. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2002; 105:35-46. [PMID: 11853870 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(01)00379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Secretoneurin (SN), a newly discovered neuropeptide, may be implicated in inflammatory responses as it was shown to modulate leukocyte, endothelial and mesenchymal cell functions. Neutrophils placed above pulmonary arterial or venous endothelial monolayers migrated through this cellular barrier in response to apical or basal stimulation with SN in a dose-dependent manner. At optimal concentrations of 10(-6) to 10(-8) M, SN was nearly equally effective in stimulating neutrophil transmigration as was tumor necrosis factor-alpha at 10 ng/ml or a chemotactic gradient of formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (10(-8) M). Stimulation of transendothelial migration appears to be specific, since a trypsin digest of SN was ineffective and excess concentrations of anti-SN antibodies completely abolished the effect. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase or nitric oxide synthase did not affect the action of SN. Preincubation of endothelial cells with pertussistoxin (PTx) or choleratoxin (CTx), and the presence of staurosporine significantly inhibited transmigration, suggesting that SN uses a signalling pathway that is coupled to G-proteins and protein kinase C in endothelium. Moreover, SN treatment resulted in transient elevation of cytoplasmatic calcium concentration in endothelial cells. These data support the hypothesis that SN might contribute to neurogenic inflammation in vivo and reveal signalling mechanisms of SN in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Kähler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Kobayashi N, Terada N, Hamano N, Numata T, Konno A. Transepithelial migration of activated eosinophils induces a decrease of E-cadherin expression in cultured human nasal epithelial cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2000; 30:807-17. [PMID: 10848899 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The damage of respiratory epithelium in allergic diseases has a close correlation with the extent of eosinophil infiltration. It seems to be a good possibility that eosinophil infiltration could induce the changes in the expression of the epithelial cell adhesion molecules, which play a key role in the maintenance of structural and functional rigidity of epithelium. OBJECTIVE We observed the expression of E-cadherin in cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) to study whether could it be affected by transepithelial migration of inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils. METHODS In vitro study of the transmigration assay was designed using various types of inflammatory cells and HNEC monolayers. Various assays of each experimental group were done under the stimulation of interleukin-5 (IL-5) and/or platelet activating factor (PAF). Subsequently immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin was performed in the HNECs. The intensity of immunofluorescence of E-cadherin was quantified using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) system and compared before and after the transmigration. RESULTS The mean intensity of immunofluorescence for E-cadherin decreased significantly after the transmigration of any types of inflammatory cells. Above all, the migration of eosinophils treated with IL-5 and PAF had an eminent effect on the decrease, whereas the degranulation extracts derived from eosinophils activated by IL-5 and secretory IgA (sIgA) did not affect the intensity. CONCLUSION This work suggests that transepithelial migration of inflammatory cells can directly induce the decrease in epithelial E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, the most prominent change was induced by transmigration of activated eosinophils, which might be caused by some mechanisms independent of the eosinophil contents. The decrease in E-cadherin expression may trigger the damage of epithelial barrier, which contributes to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kobayashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
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Shahabuddin S, Ponath P, Schleimer RP. Migration of eosinophils across endothelial cell monolayers: interactions among IL-5, endothelial-activating cytokines, and C-C chemokines. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:3847-54. [PMID: 10725746 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.7.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are the predominant cell type recruited in inflammatory reactions in response to allergen challenge. The mechanisms of selective eosinophil recruitment in allergic reactions are not fully elucidated. In this study, the ability of several C-C chemokines to induce transendothelial migration (TEM) of eosinophils in vitro was assessed. Eotaxin, eotaxin-2, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-4, and RANTES induced eosinophil TEM across unstimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in a concentration-dependent manner with the following rank order of potency: eotaxin approximately eotaxin-2 > MCP-4 approximately RANTES. The maximal response induced by eotaxin or eotaxin-2 exceeded that of RANTES or MCP-4. Preincubation of eosinophils with anti-CCR3 Ab (7B11) completely blocked eosinophil TEM induced by eotaxin, MCP-4, and RANTES. Activation of endothelial cells with IL-1beta or TNF-alpha induced concentration-dependent migration of eosinophils, which was enhanced synergistically in the presence of eotaxin and RANTES. Anti-CCR3 also inhibited eotaxin-induced eosinophil TEM across TNF-alpha-stimulated HUVEC. The ability of eosinophil-active cytokines to potentiate eosinophil TEM was assessed by investigating eotaxin or RANTES-induced eosinophil TEM across resting and IL-1beta-stimulated HUVEC in the presence or absence of IL-5. The results showed synergy between IL-5 and the chemokines but not between IL-5 and the endothelial activator IL-1beta. Our data suggest that eotaxin, eotaxin-2, MCP-4, and RANTES induce eosinophil TEM via CCR3 with varied potency and efficacy. Activation of HUVEC by IL-1beta or TNF-alpha or priming of eosinophils by IL-5 both promote CCR3-dependent migration of eosinophils from the vasculature in conjunction with CCR3-active chemokines.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL11
- Chemokine CCL24
- Chemokine CCL5/antagonists & inhibitors
- Chemokine CCL5/physiology
- Chemokines, CC/antagonists & inhibitors
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytokines/physiology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- E-Selectin/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Eosinophils/immunology
- HLA Antigens/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Humans
- Integrin alpha4beta1
- Integrins/immunology
- Interleukin-1/pharmacology
- Interleukin-5/physiology
- Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins/physiology
- Receptors, CCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/immunology
- Umbilical Veins
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shahabuddin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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15
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Shang XZ, Issekutz AC. Enhancement of monocyte transendothelial migration by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: requirement for chemoattractant and CD11a/CD18 mechanisms. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:3571-82. [PMID: 10556811 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199911)29:11<3571::aid-immu3571>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances and primes monocyte functions, but its role in monocyte migration is poorly understood. We examined monocyte migration across human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) grown on filters. GM-CSF had no chemotactic or chemokinetic effect. However, GM-CSF enhanced monocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) through unstimulated and IL-1-activated (5 h) HUVEC in response to C5a or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in a dose-dependent fashion, increasing the migration from 28.7 +/- 5.3% to 41.8 +/- 6.2% (n = 8, p < 0.05) and from 34.8 +/- 6% to 50.3 +/- 3.1%, p < 0.05), respectively. The enhanced TEM was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to LFA-1, but not by mAb to Mac-1 or to VLA-4. Furthermore, GM-CSF up-regulated and activated LFA-1, as assessed by NKI-L16 neoepitope expression. The results indicate that: (1) GM-CSF can prime monocytes for increased TEM, (2) GM-CSF enhances LFA-1-mediated monocyte TEM and (3) this effect is in part mediated by increasing LFA-1 expression and activation. Thus, increased GM-CSF production may promote monocyte accumulation in inflammation not only by inducing monocytosis, but also enhancing migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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16
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Galdiero M, Folgore A, Molitierno M, Greco R. Porins and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella typhimurium induce leucocyte transmigration through human endothelial cells in vitro. Clin Exp Immunol 1999; 116:453-61. [PMID: 10361234 PMCID: PMC1905308 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria or bacterial products may constitute important inducers of surface molecule expression on endothelial cells and leucocytes. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of the Salmonella typhimurium porins, LPS-S and LPS-R on the transendothelial migration of leucocytes through human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Treatment of the HUVEC with either porins or LPS-S or LPS-R increased the transmigration of different leucocyte populations, in particular that of neutrophils. The maximal increase occurred using LPS-S treatment, whereas porin stimulation fell between LPS-S and LPS-R. The transmigration increase was dose-dependent and reached its maximum at about 100-1000 ng/ml of stimulus. Optimal endothelial activation occurred after 2-4 h and 4-6 h using LPS and porin, respectively. Stimulation of leucocytes with either porins or LPS slightly increased their transmigration through non-activated endothelial cells. Transmigration increased remarkably during the simultaneous stimulation of endothelial cells by IL-1ss together with either porins or LPS. To assess participation of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and leucocyte adhesion complex (CD11/18) in porin- or LPS-mediated leucocyte migration, blocking MoAbs were used. Each blocking MoAb partially and selectively decreased leucocyte transmigration. The obtained results contribute to clarify some aspects of the inflammatory process at sites of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Patologia ed Ispezione degli Alimenti, Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Facoltà di Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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17
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Shang XZ, Issekutz AC. Contribution of CD11a/CD18, CD11b/CD18, ICAM-1 (CD54) and -2 (CD102) to human monocyte migration through endothelium and connective tissue fibroblast barriers. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28:1970-9. [PMID: 9645379 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199806)28:06<1970::aid-immu1970>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently we reported that monocyte migration through a barrier of human synovial fibroblasts (HSF) is mediated by the CD11/CD18 (beta2) integrins, and the beta1 integrins VLA-4 and VLA-5 on monocytes. Here we investigated in parallel the role of beta2 integrin family members, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) on monocytes, and the immunoglobulin supergene family members, ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 on HSF and on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), in monocyte migration through HSF and HUVEC monolayers. Using function blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAb), when both VLA-4 and VLA-5 on monocytes were blocked, treatment of monocytes with mAb to both LFA-1 and to Mac-1 completely inhibited monocyte migration across HSF barriers, although blocking either of these beta2 integrins alone had no effect on migration, even when VLA-4 and VLA-5 were blocked. This indicates that optimal beta2 integrin-dependent monocyte migration in synovial connective tissue may be mediated by either LFA-1 or Mac-1. Both ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 were constitutively expressed on HSF and on HUVEC, although ICAM-2 was only minimally expressed on HSF. Based on results of mAb blockade, ICAM-1 appeared to be the major ligand for LFA-1-dependent migration through the HSF. In contrast, both ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 mediated LFA-1-dependent monocyte migration through HUVEC. However, neither ICAM-1 nor ICAM-2 was required for Mac-1 -dependent monocyte migration through either cell barrier, indicating that Mac-1 can utilize ligands distinct from ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 on HSF and on HUVEC during monocyte transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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18
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Lopez S, Seveau S, Lesavre P, Robinson MK, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L. CD43 (sialophorin, leukosialin) shedding is an initial event during neutrophil migration, which could be closely related to the spreading of adherent cells. CELL ADHESION AND COMMUNICATION 1998; 5:151-60. [PMID: 9638335 DOI: 10.3109/15419069809040288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Leukosialin is a negatively-charged mucin-like membrane protein of leukocytes. This anti-adhesive molecule prevents uncontrolled cellular interactions and is proteolytically cleaved during neutrophil activation. CD43 is shed in vivo during neutrophil migration to the inflammatory site. We have analysed the decrease in CD43 expression during in vitro adherence of TNF-alpha activated PMN. CD43 was quantitated by flow cytometry on TNF-alpha-activated PMN either maintained in suspension or allowed to adhere then detached with EDTA. Although TNF did not induce significant modification of CD43 expression on suspended cells, we showed that 40% of membrane CD43 is released during neutrophil TNF-induced adhesion to serum-coated plates or endothelial cells, and that migration through the endothelial monolayer did not result in further shedding. Adhesion-blocking anti-beta 2 integrin mAbs prevented CD43 shedding. beta 2 integrin "activation" by anti-CD 18 mAbs or Mn ions did not decrease CD43 expression if adhesion was prevented by stirring. Inhibitors of signal transduction or of cytoskeleton association, which allowed cells to adhere but not to spread, inhibited the shedding of CD43 during adhesion. We conclude that CD43 shedding is not promoted by beta 2 integrins engagement or adhesion but is concomitant with spreading of adherent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lopez
- INSERM U 90, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
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19
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Shang XZ, Lang BJ, Issekutz AC. Adhesion Molecule Mechanisms Mediating Monocyte Migration Through Synovial Fibroblast and Endothelium Barriers: Role for CD11/CD18, Very Late Antigen-4 (CD49d/CD29), Very Late Antigen-5 (CD49e/CD29), and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (CD106). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.1.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Monocytes migrate through vascular endothelium, and then in connective tissue. As a model of this process, we investigated adhesion molecules involved in monocyte migration through HUVEC and a barrier of human synovial fibroblasts (HSF). Minimal spontaneous monocyte migration (6–7%) occurred through either cell barrier, but this increased markedly (27–35% of added monocytes) when a C5a chemotactic gradient was present. Migration across unstimulated HUVEC was partially inhibited (40%) by mAb to CD18 (β2 integrin) and completely blocked by anti-CD18 plus anti-α4 (CD49d; very late Ag-4 (VLA-4)) mAbs. In contrast, migration across HSF induced by C5a or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was not inhibited by mAb to CD18 and was only partially inhibited (33%) in combination with anti-α4 mAb. The CD18- and VLA-4-independent migration across HSF was completely inhibited by mAb to α5 of VLA-5. The inhibitory effect of mAbs to VLA-4 and VLA-5 was on the monocyte and required blockade of CD11/CD18 to be observed. In contrast to HSF, no role for VLA-5 in monocyte transendothelial migration was detected. Both HSF and IL-1-stimulated HUVEC expressed vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). However, VLA-4-mediated monocyte migration across HSF was only partially dependent on VCAM-1, in contrast to transendothelial migration, which was completely blocked by anti-VCAM-1 mAbs. In conclusion, unlike transendothelial migration, for which VLA-4 is the alternative mechanism to CD11/CD18 on monocytes, both VLA-4 and VLA-5 can mediate monocyte migration through fibroblast barriers. In addition to VCAM-1, other ligand(s) on HSF are also involved in the VLA-4-mediated migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-zhou Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Bianca J. Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Andrew C. Issekutz
- Department of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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20
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Zysk G, Brück W, Huitinga I, Fischer FR, Flachsbarth F, van Rooijen N, Nau R. Elimination of blood-derived macrophages inhibits the release of interleukin-1 and the entry of leukocytes into the cerebrospinal fluid in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. J Neuroimmunol 1997; 73:77-80. [PMID: 9058762 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(96)00173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Parameters of inflammation during pneumococcal meningitis were determined in rabbits after monocyte elimination by dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl(2)MDP)-containing mannosylated liposomes in comparison with untreated controls. Monocyte depletion reduced the migration of white blood cells into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (medians: 42 versus 2146/mm3 at 18 h, 323 versus 7413/mm3 at 24 h p.i., p < 0.01). CSF IL-1beta concentrations were lower in depleted animals (379 versus 3282 pg/ml, 24 h p.i., p < 0.01), whereas TNF-alpha concentrations were not different. Monocyte-depleted animals lost body temperature during the experiment carried out in anaesthesia (p = 0.01) indicating that macrophages are necessary for thermogenesis during meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zysk
- Department of Neurology, University of Gottingen, Germany
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21
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Gao JX, Issekutz AC. Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) is the predominant beta 2 (CD18) integrin mediating human neutrophil migration through synovial and dermal fibroblast barriers. Immunol Suppl 1996; 88:463-70. [PMID: 8774366 PMCID: PMC1456357 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1996.d01-662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently we reported that polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) migration in vitro through a barrier of human synovial fibroblasts (HSF) involves both beta 2 (CD18) and beta 1 (CD29) integrins on the PMNL. Here we investigated the role of the beta 2 integrin family members, lymphocyte function-associated (LFA)-1 (alpha L beta 2 or CD11a/CD18) and Mac-1 ( alpha M beta 2 or CD11b/CD18), in PMNL migration through HSF and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) monolayers. Treatment of PMNL with monoclonal antibody (mAb) to LFA-1 (anti-alpha L) did not inhibit PMNL migration through either monolayer in response to C5a. In contrast, mAb to Mac-1 (Cd11b) inhibited (by 30-40%) PMNL migration, and by virtually the same extent as mAb to the beta 1 integrin chain (CD18) (40% inhibition). Addition of mAb to LFA-1 to mAb to Mac-1 did not result in greater inhibition. This was in contrast to PMNL migration through human umbilical vein endothelium (HUVE) monolayers, where mAb to LFA-1 or to Mac-1 each partially inhibited PMNL transendothelial migration, and when these mAbs were combined, synergistic inhibition of migration was observed, reaching 90-95% inhibition. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was not required for Mac-1 mediated migration through HSF or HDF, because treatment of the fibroblasts with mAb R6.5 (F(ab)2) to ICAM-1, which blocks the Mac-1 binding site on ICAM-1, did not inhibit PMNL migration. An LFA-1-ICAM-1 mechanism of PMNL migration through HSF and HDF monolayers could be detected after treatment (4 hr) of the monolayers with TNF-alpha plus IFN-gamma, which upregulated ICAM-1 on the fibroblasts. The results demonstrate the beta 2 integrin dependent PMNL migration in connective tissue may involve primarily Mac-1, with little involvement of LFA-1 or ICAM-1, a situation in marked contrast to PMNL migration across endothelium. However, in inflammatory conditions in which TNF-alpha and/or IFN-gamma may be generated, a role for LFA-1-ICAM-1 may be induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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22
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Biegel D, Pachter JS. Growth of brain microvessel endothelial cells on collagen gels: applications to the study of blood-brain barrier physiology and CNS inflammation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1994; 30A:581-8. [PMID: 7820308 DOI: 10.1007/bf02631256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMEC) exhibit the tendency to migrate through 3.0-vm pore semipermeable inserts and establish monolayers on both apical and basal filter surfaces. This can potentially lead to complications in accurately assessing a wide variety of physiologic parameters uniquely associated with these cells. To avoid this problem, we have explored growing BMEC on Transwell filters coated with hydrated collagen gels. BMEC seeded on such gels grow as a monolayer until confluency, but do not invade the subendothelial collagen matrix or the underlying support filter. Furthermore, BMEC grown in this manner exhibit biochemical, morphologic, and electrophysiologic properties reflective of the endothelial cells that comprise the blood-brain barrier in vivo. Although the collagen gel acts as an impenetrable barrier to BMEC, and thus ensures the growth of only a single layer of cells, it nevertheless can be infiltrated by monocytes that have been stimulated by a chemotaxin to undergo diapedesis. Thus, growing BMEC on collagen gel-coated Transwells has broad applications for the in vitro study of both blood-brain barrier physiology as well as the mechanisms underlying central nervous system inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Biegel
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030
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23
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Chuluyan HE, Issekutz AC. VLA-4 integrin can mediate CD11/CD18-independent transendothelial migration of human monocytes. J Clin Invest 1993; 92:2768-77. [PMID: 7902847 PMCID: PMC288476 DOI: 10.1172/jci116895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration of human monocytes across unactivated and activated human umbilical vein endothelium (HUVE) in response to chemotactic factors was studied, and the adhesion molecules involved were characterized. Migration of blood monocytes or U937 cell line-derived monocytes across unactivated HUVE induced by C5a, was partially inhibited (by 75%) by mAbs (R15.7 or 60.3) to CD18 of the CD11/CD18 complex on the monocyte. However, when the HUVE was pretreated for 5 h with IL-1 alpha (0.1 ng/ml), TNF-alpha (100 U/ml), or LPS (1 ng/ml), migration induced by C5a was no longer inhibited; i.e., migration became CD18 independent. The monocyte CD18-independent migration was completely blocked by mAbs against alpha 4 or beta 1 integrin chains of VLA-4. This migration was also partially inhibited by mAbs against vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a major counter-receptor on HUVE for VLA-4, but not by mAbs to E-selectin or intercellular adhesion molecule-1. The significant CD18-independent migration across "unactivated" HUVE was also inhibited by mAbs against alpha 4 or beta 1 chains of VLA-4, although mAbs against VCAM-1 did not inhibit under these conditions. Finally, considerable VLA-4-dependent transendothelial migration to C5a was also observed with monocytes from a patient with CD18 deficiency (leukocyte adhesion deficiency). These results suggest that (a) there is a major CD18-independent component in monocyte chemotactic factor-dependent migration across activated and unactivated endothelium; (b) that VLA-4 integrin on the monocyte has a major role in this migration; and (c) that VCAM-1 on activated endothelium functions as a counter-receptor in this process, but other ligands for VLA-4, especially on unactivated endothelium, may also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Chuluyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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24
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Patrick RA, Peters PA, Issekutz AC. Ebselen is a specific inhibitor of LTB4-mediated migration of human neutrophils. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1993; 40:186-90. [PMID: 8023742 DOI: 10.1007/bf01984060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ebselen is a seleno-organic anti-inflammatory compound with glutathione peroxidase-like activity that has the unique characteristic of mediating the isomerization of 5-HETE and LTB4 to their biologically inactive trans isomers, both directly in fluid phase and indirectly through metabolic pathways in stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes. LTB4 is an inflammatory mediator with potent chemotactic activity for neutrophilic leukocytes. We studied the effects of ebselen on the chemotactic and chemokinetic responses with human-blood-derived neutrophils. With the use of 120-microns-thick 5-microns-pore durapore filters and low BSA concentrations (0.05%) in the chemotaxis buffers, ebselen was evaluated for its effect on both chemotactic and chemokinetic responses to LTB4, C5a, and fMLP. Ebselen at 3-20 microM concentrations inhibited both chemotactic and chemokinetic responses to optimal concentrations of LTB4 without altering chemotactic responses to C5a or fMLP. Likewise, ebselen at 20 microM specifically inhibited LTB4-stimulated transendothelial migration of neutrophils, while not altering responses to C5a nor fMLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Patrick
- CIBA-GEIGY Corporation, Pharmaceuticals Division, Department of IOE/Research, Summit, NJ 07901
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25
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Godin C, Caprani A, Dufaux J, Flaud P. Interactions between neutrophils and endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 1993; 106 ( Pt 2):441-51. [PMID: 8282752 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.106.2.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Godin
- Laboratoire de Biorhéologie et d'Hydrodynamique Physico-chimique, Université Paris VII, France
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26
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Shulman LM, Yuhas Y, Frolkis I, Gavendo S, Knecht A, Eliahou HE. Glycerol induced ARF in rats is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Kidney Int 1993; 43:1397-401. [PMID: 8315955 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1993.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol-induced acute renal failure (ARF) in rats is a model of acute trauma in which intra-muscular injection of 50% glycerol causes rapid myoglobinuria, oliguria, and a rapid reduction in glomerular filtration rate. We found that plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is rapidly induced in glycerol injected rats. It can be detected in some animals as early as 30 minutes post-injection, peaks at one hour (range: 4 to 32 U/ml) with no significant difference between blood from renal vein and vena cava, and decreases by three hours. None was detected in control saline injected rats (P < 0.001). Four out of five rats infused with neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha antiserum (200 microliters/300 g body wt) immediately prior to glycerol injection had significantly protected kidney function (P = 0.001). In these rats, plasma urea (104.8 +/- 58.9 mg%) and creatinine (1.16 +/- 0.38 mg%) were lower and creatinine clearance higher (0.34 +/- 011 ml/min) than in glycerol injected animals pretreated with normal serum (291.8 +/- 41.8 mg%, 3.15 +/- 0.74 mg%, and 0.03 +/- 0.03 ml/min, respectively) or animals injected with glycerol alone (302.6 +/- 76.8 mg%, 3.45 +/- 0.97 mg%, and 0.03 +/- 0.03 ml/min, respectively). These results imply a direct role for TNF-alpha in pathogenesis of glycerol induced ARF in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Shulman
- Nephrology Department, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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27
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28
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Issekutz AC, Lopes N. Effect of Ebselen on polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesion to and migration through cytokine-activated vascular endothelium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1992; 14:1383-90. [PMID: 1464470 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(92)90009-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ebselen (PZ51, 2-Phenyl-1, 2-Benzoisoselenazol-3-(2H)-one) is a selinyl organic compound with anti-inflammatory properties. Some of its pharmacological effects are thought to result from its peroxidase activity. Here we examined the effects of Ebselen on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) adhesion to umbilical vein endothelium and transendothelial migration in a modified Boyden chamber in which both PMNL-dependent and endothelial-dependent (IL-1, TNF alpha) PMNL adhesion and migration can be measured. Ebselen was found to dose dependently inhibit the adhesion of PMNL to IL-1 activated endothelium and to inhibit transendothelial PMNL migration induced by IL-1 alpha, and TNF alpha with an IC50 value of 28 microM. Transendothelial migration induced by the PMNL chemotactic agents C5adesArg and N-formyl-norleu-leu-phe was also inhibited at slightly higher concentrations. The effect of Ebselen was not on endothelial cell activation but on PMNL activation for adhesion and migration. This effect on PMNL was irreversible for the duration of the assay period (75 min). The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of Ebselen may, in part, be due to direct inhibition of PMNL adhesion to vascular endothelium and transendothelial migration in response to a variety of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Issekutz
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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29
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Rochon YP, Frojmovic MM. A model for the recruitment of neutrophils at sites of inflammation. Physiological relevance of in vivo neutrophil aggregation. Med Hypotheses 1992; 38:132-8. [PMID: 1528157 DOI: 10.1016/0306-9877(92)90086-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adhesive glycoproteins on both neutrophils and vascular endothelial cells are known to mediate adhesive interaction between the two cell types. We propose that activation of endothelial cells will lead to the capture of unactivated neutrophils, localizing them at inflammatory sites. The interaction between activated endothelium and captured neutrophils will result in the stimulation of adherent neutrophils. Adherent activated neutrophils are then able to recruit incoming unactivated neutrophils by capturing them, further increasing the number of neutrophils at the inflammatory site. The formation of an adherent neutrophil aggregate will reduce plasma leakage from the vasculature as neutrophils migrate into tissue and will protect migrating neutrophils from shear stress of blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Rochon
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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30
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Barroso-Aranda J, Schmid-Schönbein GW, Zweifach BW, Mathison JC. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil contribution to induced tolerance to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Circ Res 1991; 69:1196-206. [PMID: 1934351 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.69.5.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate mechanisms by which polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) contribute to the tolerance induced by repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections. Tolerance was developed by daily intraperitoneal injections of sublethal doses of LPS for 4 days (LPS-tolerant group); controls were not pretreated (LPS-control group). Both groups were challenged with 9 mg/kg i.v. Escherichia coli LPS, a dose that resulted in 25% survival in LPS-control rats compared with 100% survival in LPS-tolerant rats. LPS injection caused an initial neutropenia in both groups. The neutropenia persisted throughout the experiment in LPS-control rats, whereas in LPS-tolerant rats the circulating PMN count increased dramatically; after 6 hours, the PMN count was 16-fold higher than that in LPS-control rats. Activation of circulating PMNs, PMN adhesion to nylon fibers, and tumor necrosis factor/cachectin activity were all increased in control rats given LPS. In contrast, LPS-tolerant rats had low activation of circulating PMNs, no trend for PMN adhesion to nylon fibers, and markedly reduced tumor necrosis factor activity. To determine whether neutropenia was associated with a trapping of PMNs in the microcirculation, we used a carbon perfusion technique 6 hours after LPS injection and examined histological sections of the myocardium. All of the arterioles and venules in both groups contained carbon; only capillaries showed evidence of obstruction. A significantly higher percentage of obstructed capillaries was observed in LPS-control rats than in LPS-tolerant rats. Obstruction of capillaries was consistently associated with trapped leukocytes. We conclude that PMN cytotoxicity induced by LPS involves microcirculatory entrapment and activation of PMNs. Repeated LPS pretreatment reduces dramatically circulating PMN activation and adhesion and is associated with an elevated circulating PMN count, a low degree of microvascular plugging, and survival after a normally lethal dose of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barroso-Aranda
- Department of AMES-Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego 92093-0412
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