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Truyen LH, Flores RS, de Oliveira Santana W, Abreu MB, Brambatti G, Lunge VR, Streck AF. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) serological and molecular patterns in dogs with viral gastroenteritis from southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1979-1986. [PMID: 38407780 PMCID: PMC11153423 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine Parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus that can cause severe systemic disease with gastroenteric symptoms in dogs, particularly in young puppies. Originating from the feline parvovirus in the late 1970s, it swiftly propagated globally, instigating a pandemic in dogs. Despite vaccination advancements, CPV-2 remains a substantial challenge for veterinary professionals and pet owners. This study aimed to contribute knowledge about the current situation of CPV-2 among dogs in southern Brazil. In this study, the sera of 125 dogs (mostly with gastroenteritis symptoms) were screened for antibodies against CPV-2 and their faeces for the virus itself. The results showed that 40% (50/125) of dogs were infected with CPV-2. Most animals (65.5%) had previously been exposed to CPV-2 (with serotitres equal or above 1:40), and only 37.6% had protective antibody titres equal or above 1:80. The findings have also demonstrated that vaccination against CPV-2 significantly reduced the risk of infection, with positive cases decreasing from 56.9% (unvaccinated) to 2.0% (fully vaccinated). Furthermore, the prevalence of CPV-2 decreased as dogs aged, with younger dogs and those with an incomplete or non-existent vaccination history at the highest risk of infection. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insight into the prevalence and risk factors associated with CPV-2 infection in dogs in southern Brazil, thereby providing valuable knowledge for the improvement of veterinary care and pet health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Sartori Flores
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Weslei de Oliveira Santana
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Muriel Becker Abreu
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Brambatti
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - André Felipe Streck
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
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Xue H, Liang Y, Gao X, Song Y, Zhu K, Yang M, Hao J, Ma H, Yu K. Development and Application of nanoPCR Method for Detection of Feline Panleukopenia Virus. Vet Sci 2023; 10:440. [PMID: 37505845 PMCID: PMC10386105 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia (FP) is a severe viral illness caused by the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), putting sectors like companion cat breeding and endangered feline conservation at risk. The virus has a high morbidity and fatality rate and is found all over the world. We created a novel FPV assay using nanoPCR technology and assessed the method's specificity and sensitivity. The approach amplified a 345 bp nucleic acid fragment with a minimum detection limit of 7.97 × 102 copies/μL, which is about 100 times greater than traditional PCR. We collected anal swabs from 83 cats suspected of FPV infection for practical application, and the FPV-positive rate determined by the nanoPCR approach was 77.1%. In conclusion, the approach is more sensitive than conventional PCR and more convenient and cost-effective than qPCR methodology and may be utilized for the clinical detection of FPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Xue
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yang Liang
- Beijing Shengzetang Animal Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yanhao Song
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Kunru Zhu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Jingrui Hao
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Haoyuan Ma
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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3
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Pacini MI, Forzan M, Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Fornai M, Bertelloni F, Sgorbini M, Cantile C, Mazzei M. Feline Parvovirus Lethal Outbreak in a Group of Adult Cohabiting Domestic Cats. Pathogens 2023; 12:822. [PMID: 37375512 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia is a highly contagious and often fatal disease in cats. The virus, known as feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), primarily affects kittens and unvaccinated cats. It is transmitted through contact with infected cats or their bodily fluids, as well as contaminated objects and environments. The diagnosis of FPV infection can be confirmed through a combination of clinical signs, blood tests, and fecal testing. Prevention through vaccination is recommended for all cats. This case report describes an outbreak of feline panleukopenia in a group of unvaccinated domestic cats that resulted in acute mortality. The lesions were evaluated using histopathology, and the specific viral strain was characterized using molecular techniques. The clinical course of the outbreak was peracute, with a hemorrhagic pattern and 100% of lethality. The observed clinical-pathological pattern was unusual; nevertheless, molecular studies did not highlight peculiar genomic features of the parvovirus isolate. The outbreak affected 3 out of 12 cats in a very short time. However, the prompt application of biosecurity measures and vaccination resulted in an effective interruption of virus spread. In conclusion, we could assume that the virus found the ideal conditions to infect and replicate at high titers, resulting in a particularly aggressive outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Irene Pacini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Forzan
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Milena Fornai
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Piombinese, Via Torino 38, 57025 Piombino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Cantile
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mazzei
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Abdel-Baky MMM, El-Khabaz KAS, Abdelbaset AE, Hamed MI. Clinico-epidemiological survey of feline parvovirus circulating in three Egyptian provinces from 2020 to 2021. Arch Virol 2023; 168:126. [PMID: 36991232 PMCID: PMC10060273 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Feline parvovirus infection, caused by feline parvovirus and canine parvovirus 2, is a highly contagious, life-threatening disease affecting cats. The available epidemiological data on parvovirus infection in cats in Egypt is limited. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide data concerning the epidemiological profile of cats infected with parvovirus, including the prevalence of parvovirus infection in cats in three Egyptian provinces (Sohag, Assiut, and Cairo) and the associated risk factors. Using rapid antigen tests of fecal samples and conventional PCR, the overall prevalence of parvovirus infection in cats was found to be 35% (35/100) and 43% (43/100), respectively. Anorexia, bloody diarrhea, severe dehydration, hypothermia, and vomiting were the most common clinical findings significantly associated with parvovirus-infected cats. The geographical location (Sohag) and the season (winter) were both statistically significant risk factors for parvovirus infection. These findings indicate that parvoviruses are circulating in different regions of Egypt. Our study provides baseline epidemiological data for future preventive and control measures against parvovirus infection, as well as highlighting the need for future genomic surveillance studies involving a large study population from various parts of Egypt in order to better shape the epidemiological picture of parvovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maha I Hamed
- Assiut University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut, Egypt.
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5
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Hasırcıoglu S, Aslım HP, Kale M, Bulut O, Koçlu O, Orta YS. Molecular characterization of carnivore protoparvovirus strains circulating in cats in Turkey. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Cats are susceptible to feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2). Therefore, coinfection and superinfection with multiple parvovirus strains may occur, resulting in high heterogeneity and recombination. Considering the importance of cats as a potential source of genetic diversity for parvoviruses, we investigated the frequency of parvovirus infection in cats using their blood and fecal samples and performed molecular characterization of parvovirus strains circulating in cat populations. Accordingly, the fecal and blood samples of 60 cats with gastroenteritis symptoms were collected from Turkey’s Burdur, Isparta, and Izmit provinces. Of these 15 fecal samples tested as parvovirus-positive by PCR, 14 were confirmed to have been infected with true FPV strains by sequencing analysis. Through the phylogeny analysis, those were located in the FPV cluster, closely related to CPV-2, and one was discriminated in the CPV-2b cluster. Additionally, sequence analysis of the VP2 gene of CPV and FPV revealed that the FPV strains detected in Turkey and the vaccine strains were highly related to each other, with a nucleotide identity of 97.7- 100%. Furthermore, 13 variable positions were detected in VP2 of the field and reference FPV strains. Three synonymous mutations were determined in the VP2 gene. Some amino acid mutations in the VP2 protein-affected sites were considered responsible for the virus’s biological and antigenic properties. The partial sequence analysis of the VP2 gene revealed that four FPV strains detected in Turkey have a single nucleotide change from T to G at the amino acid position 384 between the nucleotides 3939-3941, which was reported for the first time. Therefore, these four isolates formed a different branch in the phylogenetic tree. The results suggest that both FPV and CPV-2b strains are circulating in domestic cats in Turkey and cats should be considered as potential sources of new parvovirus variants for cats, dogs and other animals.
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Luna Espinoza LR, Carhuaricra Huamán D, Quino Quispe R, Rosadio Alcántara RH, Maturrano Hernández AL. Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 in Peruvian dogs: Temporal/geographical and evolutionary dynamics of virus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 99:105255. [PMID: 35227878 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) has been recognized all around the world as the causal agent of a contagious and highly mortal disease in domestic dogs. In Peru, the infection is endemic and unvaccinated animals and puppies are the most at risk. In order to analyze viral diversity and determine the evolutionary genetic relationships and transmission dynamic of Peruvian CPV-2, were collected during the period of 2016-2017 rectal swabs from puppies with parvovirosis compatible symptoms. Viral DNA was amplified by PCR using primers that flanked the ends of the viral genome and sequenced by Illumina Miseq platform. Twenty-six genomic sequences (NSP1-VP1) of CPV from several districts in Lima Metropolitan area were obtained. The VP2 gene analysis demonstrated the presence of the New CPV-2a, New CPV-2b and 2c variants. The phylodynamic analysis of the viral genomes determined that all Peruvian sequences were clustered into a big clade named South American clade that emerged from the west region of Europe (Italy). The Time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) of the South American clade was dated to 1993. Peruvian sequences were distributed into three subclades, and the 92% of these sequences were related to Ecuadorian CPV-2. The results suggests that three independent introduction events of virus from other countries could have occurred, in two of these events, CPV-2 from Ecuador were introduced in Peru in 2003 and 2009, and another introduction event, in 2000, from Europe. Overall, these results indicate a viral genetic relationship between Peruvian with Ecuadorian and European virus, and the circulation of several viral subpopulations in Lima Metropolitan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Luna Espinoza
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Dennis Carhuaricra Huamán
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Raquel Quino Quispe
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Raúl H Rosadio Alcántara
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Abelardo Lenin Maturrano Hernández
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
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7
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Tuteja D, Banu K, Mondal B. Canine parvovirology - A brief updated review on structural biology, occurrence, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 82:101765. [PMID: 35182832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a major cause of hemorrhagic diarrhea and mortality in puppies worldwide. There are 2 types of Parvovirus which affects canines: Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) and Canine parvovirus 1 (CPV-1) or the Minute Virus of Canine (MVC). CPV-2 originated from Feline panleukopenia virus and has undergone genetic variation to give rise to its three variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c). Amino acid substitutions in VP2 capsid protein have led virus to adapt new host range. The original CPV-2 was known to be dominant in Japan, Belgium, Australia as well as USA and later circulated throughout the world. Clinically, CPV-2 infection is characterized by anorexia, lethargy, depression, vomiting, leukopenia and severe hemorrhagic diarrhea. Several diagnostic tests have been developed to detect parvoviral infections which are categorized into immunological tests (latex agglutination test, SIT-SAT and ELISA etc.) and molecular based tests (PCR, mPCR and RT-PCR etc.). To control and manage the disease several treatments like fluid therapies, antibiotics, and adjunctive treatments are available and some are in various stages of development. Apart from this, many vaccines are also commercially available and some are in developmental stages. The present review contains detailed information regarding structural biology, occurrence, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, treatments and prevention in order to understand the need and the growing importance of CPV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Tuteja
- Shankaranarayana Life Sciences LLP, Shankaranarayana Life Sciences, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560100, India
| | - Kauser Banu
- Shankaranarayana Life Sciences LLP, Shankaranarayana Life Sciences, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560100, India
| | - Bhairab Mondal
- Shankaranarayana Life Sciences LLP, Shankaranarayana Life Sciences, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560100, India.
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8
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Segev G, Yaaran T, Maurice S, Baneth G. Effect of sampling site on the diagnosis of canine parvovirus infection in dogs using polymerase chain reaction. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:591-598. [PMID: 35090069 PMCID: PMC8965247 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate diagnosis is imperative in dogs with clinical signs of parvovirus infection (CPV‐2). Objectives To assess quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) for the diagnosis of CPV‐2 infection, and determine the optimal sampling site. Secondarily, to compare qRT‐PCR with a point‐of‐care PCR kit (PCRun), and to assess sensitivity of serology for CPV diagnosis. Animals Sixty dogs with naturally acquired parvovirus infection, 44 unvaccinated puppies, of which 16 were followed after first and second vaccination, 15 adult dogs, of which 10 were followed also after a booster vaccine, and 9 dogs with distemper virus infection. Methods Prospective study. Samples from the rectum, blood, and pharynx were obtained for PCR. Results All dogs with a clinical diagnosis of parvovirus infection were positive by qRT‐PCR in at least 1 sampling site (ie, rectum, blood, pharynx), and 50 (83%) of 60 were positive in all sites. qRT‐PCR was negative in 67 (99%) of 68 healthy puppies (before‐vaccination), puppies with distemper, and healthy adult dogs. Ten days after initial vaccination of puppies, 62% (fecal), 31% (blood), and 12% (pharyngeal) of samples were positive for CPV‐2 on qRT‐PCR. The proportion of positive pharyngeal samples decreased 20 days after vaccination and all sites were negative 12‐28 days after second vaccination. Vaccinated adults were negative before and after booster vaccination. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Molecular detection of CPV is sensitive, but specificity is hampered temporarily during the vaccination period. Blood, feces, and pharynx are suitable sampling sites. Fecal samples had the lowest sensitivity in sick dogs and highest positivity in puppies after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Research and Development, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Yaaran
- Department of Research and Development, Biogal Galed Labs, Kibbutz Galed, Israel
| | - Sarah Maurice
- Department of Research and Development, Biogal Galed Labs, Kibbutz Galed, Israel
| | - Gad Baneth
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Research and Development, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Ndiana LA, Odaibo GN, Olaleye DO. Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus from domestic dogs in Nigeria: Introduction and spread of a CPV-2c mutant and replacement of older CPV-2a by the "new CPV-2a" strain. Virusdisease 2021; 32:361-368. [PMID: 34350320 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a contagious and highly pathogenic virus of dogs. After its first report in 1978, the CPV original type (CPV-2) was rapidly and totally replaced by three antigenic variants named CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c that circulate in various countries at different frequencies and recently reported in Nigeria. This study describes the molecular characterization of 28 CPV strains in dogs presenting with gastroenteritis in veterinary clinics at Lagos and Ibadan, Nigeria. The results show the predominance (92.8%) of CPV-2a, while CPV-2c was found only in two samples. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the CPV Nigerian strains were closely related to Asian strains and 26 CPV-2a out of 28 CPV sequences fell into 2 different subclades consistent with predicted amino acid mutations at position 267, 321, 324 and 440. Lys321Asn was evident in all the Nigerian strains whilst Phe267Tyr and Tyr324Ile were observed in 96.4% of the sequences, respectively. Thr440Ala occurred in 89.3% of sequences from this study. The new CPV-2a was predominant and appears to have replaced other CPV-2a strains in South-western Nigeria whilst the CPV-2c strain which is identical to the isolate recently reported in Northern Nigeria, may have been introduced in this country at the time of this study. Monitoring virus epidemiology is important to better understand the dynamics of CPV evolution and the eventual need to change or improve existing vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Ndiana
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - G N Odaibo
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - D O Olaleye
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Delpiazzo R, Barcellos M, Barros S, Betancor L, Fraga M, Gil J, Iraola G, Morsella C, Paolicchi F, Pérez R, Riet-Correa F, Sanguinetti M, Silva A, da Silva Silveira C, Calleros L. Accurate and fast identification of Campylobacter fetus in bulls by real-time PCR targeting a 16S rRNA gene sequence. Vet Anim Sci 2020; 11:100163. [PMID: 33490713 PMCID: PMC7807152 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus is an important animal pathogen that causes infectious infertility, embryonic mortality and abortions in cattle and sheep flocks. There are two recognized subspecies related with reproductive disorders in livestock: Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) and Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv). Rapid and reliable detection of this pathogenic species in bulls is of upmost importance for disease control in dairy and beef herds as they are asymptomatic carriers. The aim of the present work was to assess the performance a real-time PCR (qPCR) method for the diagnosis of Campylobacter fetus in samples from bulls, comparing it with culture and isolation methods. 520 preputial samples were both cultured in Skirrow's medium and analyzed by qPCR. The estimated sensitivity of qPCR was 90.9% (95% CI, 69.4%–100%), and the specificity was 99.4% (95% CI, 98.6% - 100%). The proportion of C. fetus positive individuals was 2.1% by isolation and 2.5% by qPCR. Isolates were identified by biochemical tests as Cfv (n = 9) and Cff (n = 2). Our findings support the use of qPCR for fast and accurate detection of C. fetus directly from field samples of preputial smegma of bulls. The qPCR method showed to be suitable for massive screenings because it can be performed in pooled samples without losing accuracy and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Delpiazzo
- Departamento de Salud de los Sistemas Pecuarios, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Estación Experimental "Dr. Mario A. Cassinoni", Ruta 3 Km. 363, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Maila Barcellos
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Barros
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Betancor
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Dr. Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Fraga
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela. Ruta 50 Km. 11, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Jorge Gil
- Departamento de Salud de los Sistemas Pecuarios, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Estación Experimental "Dr. Mario A. Cassinoni", Ruta 3 Km. 363, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Biología Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Saffron Walden CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Morsella
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, INTA Balcarce. Ruta 226 Km. 73.5, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Paolicchi
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, INTA Balcarce. Ruta 226 Km. 73.5, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela. Ruta 50 Km. 11, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Margarita Sanguinetti
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alfonso Silva
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Caroline da Silva Silveira
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela. Ruta 50 Km. 11, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Calleros
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Corresponding author:
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11
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Hanekom J, Pazzi P, Rautenbach Y, Henning A. Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium bacteraemia in a puppy with canine parvoviral enteritis. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Hanekom
- Companion Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary SciencePretoriaGautengSouth Africa
| | - Paolo Pazzi
- Companion Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary SciencePretoriaGautengSouth Africa
| | - Yolandi Rautenbach
- Companion Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary SciencePretoriaGautengSouth Africa
| | - Alischa Henning
- Paraclinical SciencesUniversity of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary SciencePretoriaGautengSouth Africa
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12
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Wang Y, Sun J, Guo X, Zhang D, Cui Y, Li W, Liu G, Li Y, Jiang S. TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for specific detection of bocavirus-1 in domestic cats. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 53:101647. [PMID: 32777447 PMCID: PMC7414301 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Feline bocavirus-1 (FBoV-1) was first discovered in Hong Kong in 2012, and studies have indicated that the virus may cause feline hemorrhagic enteritis. Currently, there is a lack of an effective and quantitative method for FBoV-1 detection. In this study, a TaqMan-based quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for FBoV-1 detection was established. Primers and probes were designed to target the conserved region of the FBoV-1 NS1 gene. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the minimum detection limit was 4.57 × 101 copies/μL. The specificity test revealed no cross-reaction with seven other common feline viruses, including the same species—FBoV-2 and FBoV-3. The sensitivity of this method was 100 times higher than that of conventional PCR (cPCR). The established method showed good repeatability, with the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation of 0.18%–1.00% and 0.27%–0.45%, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of feline feces revealed that the detection rate by qPCR was 7.0% (9/128), whereas that by cPCR was 4.7% (6/128). In conclusion, the established qPCR assay can quantitatively detect FBoV-1 with a high sensitivity, high specificity, and good reproducibility, making it a promising technique for the clinical detection of and basic and epidemiological research on FBoV-1. The study establishes a TaqMan qPCR method for Feline Bocavirus-1 detection. The assay has high sensitivity, specificity and reliability. The study provides a tool that could be beneficial for clinical diagnostics of Feline Bocavirus-1 infection as well as future research on the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Jianfei Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Xu Guo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Da Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, PR China.
| | - Shudong Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China.
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Kelman M, Norris JM, Barrs VR, Ward MP. A history of canine parvovirus in Australia: what can we learn? Aust Vet J 2020; 98:504-510. [PMID: 32754949 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) has been reported throughout the world since the late 1970s. Published information was reviewed to draw insights into the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of CPV disease in Australia and the role of scientific research on CPV occurrence, with key research discoveries and knowledge gaps identified. Australian researchers contributed substantially to early findings, including the first reported cases of parvoviral myocarditis, investigations into disease aetiopathogenesis, host and environmental risk factors and links between CPV and feline panleukopenia. Two of the world's first CPV serological surveys were conducted in Australia and a 1980 national veterinary survey of Australian and New Zealand dogs revealed 6824 suspected CPV cases and 1058 deaths. In 2010, an Australian national disease surveillance system was launched; 4940 CPV cases were reported between 2009 and 2014, although underreporting was likely. A 2017 study estimated national incidence to be 4.12 cases per 1000 dogs, and an annual case load of 20,110 based on 4219 CPV case reports in a survey of all Australian veterinary clinics, with a 23.5% response rate. CPV disease risk factors identified included socioeconomic disadvantage, geographical location (rural/remote), season (summer) and rainfall (recent rain and longer dry periods both increasing risk). Age <16 weeks was identified as a risk factor for vaccination failure. Important knowledge gaps exist regarding national canine and feline demographic and CPV case data, vaccination coverage and population immunity, CPV transmission between owned dogs and other carnivore populations in Australia and the most effective methods to control epizootics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kelman
- Sydney School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - J M Norris
- Sydney School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - V R Barrs
- Sydney School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - M P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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14
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Castillo C, Neira V, Aniñir P, Grecco S, Pérez R, Panzera Y, Zegpi NA, Sandoval A, Sandoval D, Cofre S, Ortega R. First Molecular Identification of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 (CPV2) in Chile Reveals High Occurrence of CPV2c Antigenic Variant. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:194. [PMID: 32432131 PMCID: PMC7216333 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV2) is one of the most important intestinal pathogens in dogs and puppies. CPV2 has been evolved into three genetic and antigenic variants (2a, 2b, and 2c), which are distributed worldwide. We reported the first study of genetic diversity of CPV2 in Chile. Sixty-five samples were collected from puppies presenting with severe gastroenteritis and different vaccination statuses. PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and partial sequencing of the coding region of the structural viral protein VP2 was performed. Thirty of a total of 65 samples tested positive by PCR out of which 19 were further classified as CPV2c and one as CPV2a using RFLP and Sanger sequencing. The phylogeny was in concordance with the RFLP analysis. This is the first report of the genetic characterization of CPV2 in Chile and reveals a high occurrence of CPV2c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Castillo
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Victor Neira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Aniñir
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Sofia Grecco
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nhur-Aischa Zegpi
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Alberto Sandoval
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Daniel Sandoval
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Sergio Cofre
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Rene Ortega
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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15
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Wang ZH, Wang XJ, Hou SH. Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification assay with lateral flow dipstick for rapid detection of feline parvovirus. J Virol Methods 2019; 271:113679. [PMID: 31216435 PMCID: PMC7113848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia caused by feline parvovirus (FPV), a single-stranded DNA virus, is typically highly contagious and often presents with lethal syndrome. The broad spectrum of possible hosts suggests its potential for transmission from animal to person through close contact with pets. FPV thus serves as an example of the importance of new rapid point-of-care field diagnostic tools for the control and prevention of transmission, especially among rare wild animals and pet cats. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), as a real-time and isothermal method, could be a more affordable alternative to PCR when combined with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) indicator. In this study, we report a novel FPV lateral flow dipstick RPA (LFD-RPA) instant detection method capable of detecting a range of different FPV strains. The LFD-RPA assay consists of specific primers, probe, and nucleic acid strip. It is capable of detecting 102 copies of target nucleic acid per reaction, which is one order of magnitude higher than the sensitivity of traditional PCR. The most suitable reaction conditions for this assay are at 38 ℃ for 15 min. This paper develops an efficient visual detection system that can eliminate the need for professional staff and expensive and sophisticated equipment for field detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shao-Hua Hou
- Beijing Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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16
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Sindern N, Suchodolski JS, Leutenegger CM, Mehdizadeh Gohari I, Prescott JF, Proksch AL, Mueller RS, Busch K, Unterer S. Prevalence of Clostridium perfringens netE and netF toxin genes in the feces of dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 33:100-105. [PMID: 30499621 PMCID: PMC6335515 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, novel pore-forming toxin genes designated netE and netF were identified in a Clostridium perfringens type A strain isolated from a dog with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea. OBJECTIVES Pore-forming toxins could play an important role in the disease pattern of acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS) in dogs. Thus, we aimed to determine the prevalence of C. perfringens genes encoding for netE and netF in the feces of dogs with AHDS and to evaluate any association between selected clinical variables and the presence of these toxin genes. ANIMALS In total, 174 dogs were included in the study. METHODS Fecal samples of all dogs were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction for netE and netF genes. Time to recovery, hospitalization time, and selected laboratory variables were compared between dogs with AHDS that were positive or negative for the toxin genes. RESULTS A significant difference was found among the 3 groups in the prevalence of the pore-forming toxin genes netE and netF: dogs with AHDS: 26 of 54 (48.1%); dogs with canine parvovirus (CPV) infection: 0 of 54 (0%); and healthy dogs: 8 of 66 (12.1%; P < .001). In dogs with AHDS, no significant difference was detected in any variables evaluated between netE-positive and netF-positive and netE-negative and netF-negative dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The prevalence of C. perfringens encoding for netE and netF is significantly higher in dogs with AHDS compared to control dogs. Further studies are warranted to evaluate whether these toxins are an inciting cause for AHDS in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Sindern
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | | | | | - John F Prescott
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna-Lena Proksch
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf S Mueller
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Busch
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Unterer
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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17
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Carroll EL, Bruford MW, DeWoody JA, Leroy G, Strand A, Waits L, Wang J. Genetic and genomic monitoring with minimally invasive sampling methods. Evol Appl 2018; 11:1094-1119. [PMID: 30026800 PMCID: PMC6050181 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The decreasing cost and increasing scope and power of emerging genomic technologies are reshaping the field of molecular ecology. However, many modern genomic approaches (e.g., RAD-seq) require large amounts of high-quality template DNA. This poses a problem for an active branch of conservation biology: genetic monitoring using minimally invasive sampling (MIS) methods. Without handling or even observing an animal, MIS methods (e.g., collection of hair, skin, faeces) can provide genetic information on individuals or populations. Such samples typically yield low-quality and/or quantities of DNA, restricting the type of molecular methods that can be used. Despite this limitation, genetic monitoring using MIS is an effective tool for estimating population demographic parameters and monitoring genetic diversity in natural populations. Genetic monitoring is likely to become more important in the future as many natural populations are undergoing anthropogenically driven declines, which are unlikely to abate without intensive adaptive management efforts that often include MIS approaches. Here, we profile the expanding suite of genomic methods and platforms compatible with producing genotypes from MIS, considering factors such as development costs and error rates. We evaluate how powerful new approaches will enhance our ability to investigate questions typically answered using genetic monitoring, such as estimating abundance, genetic structure and relatedness. As the field is in a period of unusually rapid transition, we also highlight the importance of legacy data sets and recommend how to address the challenges of moving between traditional and next-generation genetic monitoring platforms. Finally, we consider how genetic monitoring could move beyond genotypes in the future. For example, assessing microbiomes or epigenetic markers could provide a greater understanding of the relationship between individuals and their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Carroll
- Scottish Oceans Institute and Sea Mammal Research UnitUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Mike W. Bruford
- Cardiff School of Biosciences and Sustainable Places Research InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiff, WalesUK
| | - J. Andrew DeWoody
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources and Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Gregoire Leroy
- Animal Production and Health DivisionFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRomeItaly
| | - Alan Strand
- Grice Marine LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyCollege of CharlestonCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Lisette Waits
- Department of Fish and Wildlife SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIDUSA
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
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18
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Ahmed N, Riaz A, Zubair Z, Saqib M, Ijaz S, Nawaz-Ul-Rehman MS, Al-Qahtani A, Mubin M. Molecular analysis of partial VP-2 gene amplified from rectal swab samples of diarrheic dogs in Pakistan confirms the circulation of canine parvovirus genetic variant CPV-2a and detects sequences of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). Virol J 2018; 15:45. [PMID: 29544546 PMCID: PMC5856200 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The infection in dogs due to canine parvovirus (CPV), is a highly contagious one with high mortality rate. The present study was undertaken for a detailed genetic analysis of partial VP2 gene i.e., 630 bp isolated from rectal swab samples of infected domestic and stray dogs from all areas of district Faisalabad. Monitoring of viruses is important, as continuous prevalence of viral infection might be associated with emergence of new virulent strains. Methods In the present study, 40 rectal swab samples were collected from diarrheic dogs from different areas of district Faisalabad, Pakistan, in 2014–15 and screened for the presence of CPV by immunochromatography. Most of these dogs were stray dogs showing symptoms of diarrhea. Viral DNA was isolated and partial VP2 gene was amplified using gene specific primer pair Hfor/Hrev through PCR. Amplified fragments were cloned in pTZ57R/T (Fermentas) and completely sequenced. Sequences were analyzed and assembled by the Lasergene DNA analysis package (v8; DNAStar Inc., Madison, WI, USA). Results The results with immunochromatography showed that 33/40 (82%) of dogs were positive for CPV. We were able to amplify a fragment of 630 bp from 25 samples. In 25 samples the sequences of CPV-2a were detected showing the amino acid substitution Ser297Ala and presence of amino acid (426-Asn) in partial VP2 protein. Interestingly the BLAST analysis showed the of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) sequences in 3 samples which were already positive for new CPV-2a, with 99% sequence homology to other FPV sequences present in GenBank. Conclusions Phylogenetic analysis showed clustering of partial CPV-VP-2 gene with viruses from China, India, Japan and Uruguay identifying a new variant, whereas the 3 FPV sequences showed immediate ancestral relationship with viruses from Portugal, South Africa and USA. Interesting observation was that CPV are clustering away from the commercial vaccine strains. In this work we provide a better understanding of CPV prevailing in Pakistan at molecular level. The detection of FPV could be a case of real co-infection or a case of dual presence, due to ingestion of contaminated food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmed
- Virology Lab, Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, PO Box 38040, Jail road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Riaz
- Virology Lab, Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, PO Box 38040, Jail road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Zubair
- Virology Lab, Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, PO Box 38040, Jail road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Ijaz
- Virology Lab, Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, PO Box 38040, Jail road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shah Nawaz-Ul-Rehman
- Virology Lab, Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, PO Box 38040, Jail road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mubin
- Virology Lab, Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, PO Box 38040, Jail road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Quino Quispe R, Luna Espinoza L, Rímac Beltrán R, Rosadio Alcántara R, Maturrano Hernández L. Canine parvovirus types 2a and 2c detection from dogs with suspected parvoviral enteritis in Peru. Virusdisease 2018; 29:109-112. [PMID: 29607368 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) has been reported worldwide as the main agent related to acute hemorrhagic enteritis of high morbidity and variable mortality in puppies. The detection and characterization of this virus is essential to understand the etiology of the disease and to develop control measures. To characterize the virus circulating in Peruvian dogs and to provide new insights into the local diversity of CPV-2, rectal swabs from 39 puppies with clinical symptoms and with no history of previous vaccinations were analyzed. Total DNA was extracted by fast boiling method, and PCR and sequencing were performed using specific primers that amplify a 1316 bp fragment corresponding to the VP2 gene of CPV-2. CPV-2 was detected in 62% of the analyzed samples. The sequencing of PCR product was possible in 9 samples, which were identified as type 2a (4 samples) and type 2c (5 samples). A phylogenetic analysis of both variants circulating in Peruvian dogs showed similarities to Equatorian and Uruguayan strains. This work constitutes the first report about genetic characterization of CPV-2 in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Quino Quispe
- Biology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Circunvalación s/n cuadra 28 San Borja, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Luna Espinoza
- Biology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Circunvalación s/n cuadra 28 San Borja, Lima, Peru
| | - Rocío Rímac Beltrán
- Biology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Circunvalación s/n cuadra 28 San Borja, Lima, Peru
| | - Raúl Rosadio Alcántara
- Biology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Circunvalación s/n cuadra 28 San Borja, Lima, Peru
| | - Lenin Maturrano Hernández
- Biology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Circunvalación s/n cuadra 28 San Borja, Lima, Peru
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Epidemiology and molecular characterization of protoparvoviruses infecting wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) in British Columbia, Canada. Virus Res 2017; 242:85-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Genomic Dissection of an Icelandic Epidemic of Respiratory Disease in Horses and Associated Zoonotic Cases. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.00826-17. [PMID: 28765219 PMCID: PMC5539424 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00826-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Iceland is free of the major infectious diseases of horses. However, in 2010 an epidemic of respiratory disease of unknown cause spread through the country’s native horse population of 77,000. Microbiological investigations ruled out known viral agents but identified the opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) in diseased animals. We sequenced the genomes of 257 isolates of S. zooepidemicus to differentiate epidemic from endemic strains. We found that although multiple endemic clones of S. zooepidemicus were present, one particular clone, sequence type 209 (ST209), was likely to have been responsible for the epidemic. Concurrent with the epidemic, ST209 was also recovered from a human case of septicemia, highlighting the pathogenic potential of this strain. Epidemiological investigation revealed that the incursion of this strain into one training yard during February 2010 provided a nidus for the infection of multiple horses that then transmitted the strain to farms throughout Iceland. This study represents the first time that whole-genome sequencing has been used to investigate an epidemic on a national scale to identify the likely causative agent and the link to an associated zoonotic infection. Our data highlight the importance of national biosecurity to protect vulnerable populations of animals and also demonstrate the potential impact of S. zooepidemicus transmission to other animals, including humans. An epidemic of respiratory disease affected almost the entire native Icelandic horse population of 77,000 animals in 2010, resulting in a self-imposed ban on the export of horses and significant economic costs to associated industries. Although the speed of transmission suggested that a viral pathogen was responsible, only the presence of the opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus zooepidemicus was consistent with the observed clinical signs. We applied genomic sequencing to differentiate epidemic from endemic strains and to shed light on the rapid transmission of the epidemic strain throughout Iceland. We further highlight the ability of epidemic and endemic strains of S. zooepidemicus to infect other animals, including humans. This study represents the first time that whole-genome sequencing has been used to elucidate an outbreak on a national scale and identify the likely causative agent.
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Anderson A, Hartmann K, Leutenegger CM, Proksch AL, Mueller RS, Unterer S. Role of canine circovirus in dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea. Vet Rec 2017; 180:542. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.103926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Anderson
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich; Veterinaerstrasse 13 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - K. Hartmann
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich; Veterinaerstrasse 13 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - C. M. Leutenegger
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.; 2825 KOVR Drive West Sacramento California 95605 USA
| | - A. L. Proksch
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich; Veterinaerstrasse 13 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - R. S. Mueller
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich; Veterinaerstrasse 13 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - S. Unterer
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich; Veterinaerstrasse 13 Munich 80539 Germany
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Kampmann ML, Schnell IB, Jensen RH, Axtner J, Sander AF, Hansen AJ, Bertelsen MF, Greenwood AD, Gilbert MTP, Wilting A. Leeches as a source of mammalian viral DNA and RNA—a study in medicinal leeches. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-017-1093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Genetic characterization of canine parvovirus type 2 subtypes in Maputo, Mozambique. Arch Microbiol 2016; 199:543-549. [PMID: 27888321 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) comprises three antigenic subtypes (2a, 2b and 2c) that have been reported in many countries. These subtypes cause serious disease in dogs with characteristic gastroenteritis signs. Little information has been documented in Africa about the genetic characterization of CPV-2. The aim of this study was to detect and to characterize the CPV-2 subtypes circulating in dogs admitted to Veterinary Clinics from two cities of Mozambique, Maputo and Matola, in 2010. A total of 40 field fecal samples were collected and tested for CPV-2 by polymerase chain reaction assay. The partial length VP2 gene of the positive samples were sequenced and genetically analyzed. Twenty-six (65%) fecal samples were positive for CPV-2. The restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was also performed from positive samples and did not reveal the presence of CPV-2c subtype. The results of the sequencing revealed the presence of CPV-2a (n = 9) and CPV-2b (n = 17). No CPV-2 and CPV-2c were detected. Sequence analysis comparison showed nucleotide identities of 99.6-100% among our CPV-2 isolates. Amino acid analysis showed predicted amino acid changes. Phylogenetically, all of the CPV-2a strains isolated formed a cluster together with South African and Nigerian isolates. Most of Mozambican CPV-2b isolates also tended to cluster together with South African isolates; however, four were more closely related to French strain and one isolates to the American strain. The present study was the first to characterize the CPV-2 circulating in the Mozambican dog population.
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Faz M, Martínez JS, Quijano-Hernández I, Fajardo R. Reliability of clinical diagnosis and laboratory testing techniques currently used for identification of canine parvovirus enteritis in clinical settings. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 79:213-217. [PMID: 27818461 PMCID: PMC5289263 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is the main etiological agent of viral enteritis in dogs. Actually in literature, CPV-2 has been reported with clinical signs
that vary from the classical disease, and immunochromatography test and PCR technique have been introduced to veterinary hospitals to confirm CPV-2 diagnosis
and other infections. However, the reliability of these techniques has been poorly analyzed. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of
veterinary clinical diagnosis, immunochromatography test and PCR technique. Our data indicate that variations in the clinical signs of CPV-2 complicate the
gathering of an appropriate diagnosis; and immunochromatography test and PCR technique do not have adequate sensitivity to diagnose positive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Faz
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera de Cuota Toluca-Atlacomulco kilómetro 15.5, C.P. 50200, Toluca, Estado de México
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Molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus in Morocco. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 41:201-206. [PMID: 27083072 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Since it first emergence in the mid-1970's, canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) has evolved giving rise to new antigenic variants termed CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c, which have completely replaced the original strain and had been variously distributed worldwide. In Africa limited data are available on epidemiological prevalence of these new types. Hence, the aim of the present study was to determine circulating variants in Morocco. Through TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay, 91 samples, collected from symptomatic dogs originating from various cities between 2011 and 2015, were diagnosed. Positive specimens were characterised by means of minor groove binder (MGB) probe PCR. The results showed that all samples but one (98.9%) were CPV positive, of which 1 (1.1%) was characterised as CPV-2a, 43 (47.7%) as CPV-2b and 39 (43.3%) as CPV-2c. Interestingly, a co-infection with CPV-2b and CPV-2c was detected in 4 (4.4%) samples and 3 (3.3%) samples were not characterised. Sequencing of the full VP2 gene revealed these 3 uncharacterised strains as CPV-2c, displaying a change G4068A responsible for the replacement of aspartic acid with asparagine at residue 427, impacting the MGB probe binding. In this work we provide a better understanding of the current status of prevailing CPV strains in northern Africa.
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Proksch AL, Hartmann K. [Diagnostic tools for canine parvovirus infection]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2015; 43:351-7. [PMID: 26403490 DOI: 10.15654/tpk-150354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) infection is one of the most important and common infectious diseases in dogs, in particular affecting young puppies when maternal antibodies have waned and vaccine-induced antibodies have not yet developed. The mortality rate remains high. Therefore, a rapid and safe diagnostic tool is essential to diagnose the disease to 1) provide intensive care treatment and 2) to identify virus-shedding animals and thus prevent virus spread. Whilst the detection of antibodies against CPV is considered unsuitable to diagnose the disease, there are several different methods to directly detect complete virus, virus antigen or DNA. Additionally, to test in commercial laboratories, rapid in-house tests based on ELISA are available worldwide. The specificity of the ELISA rapid in-house tests is reported to be excellent. However, results on sensitivity vary and high numbers of false-negative results are commonly reported, which potentially leads to misdiagnosis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a very sensitive and specific diagnostic tool. It also provides the opportunity to differentiate vaccine strains from natural infection when sequencing is performed after PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Hartmann
- Prof. Dr. Katrin Hartmann, Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 München, E-Mail:
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Pedroza-Roldán C, Páez-Magallan V, Charles-Niño C, Elizondo-Quiroga D, De Cervantes-Mireles RL, López-Amezcua MA. Genotyping of Canine parvovirus in western Mexico. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:107-11. [PMID: 25525144 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714559969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is one of the most common infectious agents related to high morbidity rates in dogs. In addition, the virus is associated with severe gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and vomiting, resulting in high death rates, especially in puppies and nonvaccinated dogs. To date, there are 3 variants of the virus (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c) circulating worldwide. In Mexico, reports describing the viral variants circulating in dog populations are lacking. In response to this deficiency, a total of 41 fecal samples of suspected dogs were collected from October 2013 through April 2014 in the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Guadalajara in western Mexico. From these, 24 samples resulted positive by polymerase chain reaction, and the viral variant was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Five positive diagnosed samples were selected for partial sequencing of the vp2 gene and codon analysis. The results demonstrated that the current dominant viral variant in Mexico is CPV-2c. The current study describes the genotyping of CPV strains, providing valuable evidence of the dominant frequency of this virus in a dog population from western Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Pedroza-Roldán
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center for Biological and Agricultural Sciences (CUCBA), University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico (Pedroza-Roldán, Páez-Magallan, De Cervantes-Mireles, López-Amezcua)Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Charles-Niño)Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Applied Technology in Jalisco (CIATEJ)Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Elizondo-Quiroga)
| | - Varinia Páez-Magallan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center for Biological and Agricultural Sciences (CUCBA), University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico (Pedroza-Roldán, Páez-Magallan, De Cervantes-Mireles, López-Amezcua)Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Charles-Niño)Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Applied Technology in Jalisco (CIATEJ)Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Elizondo-Quiroga)
| | - Claudia Charles-Niño
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center for Biological and Agricultural Sciences (CUCBA), University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico (Pedroza-Roldán, Páez-Magallan, De Cervantes-Mireles, López-Amezcua)Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Charles-Niño)Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Applied Technology in Jalisco (CIATEJ)Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Elizondo-Quiroga)
| | - Darwin Elizondo-Quiroga
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center for Biological and Agricultural Sciences (CUCBA), University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico (Pedroza-Roldán, Páez-Magallan, De Cervantes-Mireles, López-Amezcua)Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Charles-Niño)Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Applied Technology in Jalisco (CIATEJ)Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Elizondo-Quiroga)
| | - Raúl Leonel De Cervantes-Mireles
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center for Biological and Agricultural Sciences (CUCBA), University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico (Pedroza-Roldán, Páez-Magallan, De Cervantes-Mireles, López-Amezcua)Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Charles-Niño)Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Applied Technology in Jalisco (CIATEJ)Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Elizondo-Quiroga)
| | - Mario Alberto López-Amezcua
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center for Biological and Agricultural Sciences (CUCBA), University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico (Pedroza-Roldán, Páez-Magallan, De Cervantes-Mireles, López-Amezcua)Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Charles-Niño)Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Applied Technology in Jalisco (CIATEJ)Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Elizondo-Quiroga)
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Influence of clinical and laboratory variables on faecal antigen ELISA results in dogs with canine parvovirus infection. Vet J 2015; 204:304-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Takano T, Kusuhara H, Kuroishi A, Takashina M, Doki T, Nishinaka T, Hohdatsu T. Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of a genogroup GVI feline norovirus. Vet Microbiol 2015; 178:201-7. [PMID: 26026731 PMCID: PMC7125706 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We identified novel feline norovirus (FNoV) M49-1 strain. Based on the analysis of VP1, FNoV M49-1 strain was classified into genogroup GVI. FNoV M49-1 strain seems to be produced by recombination between GIV and GVI NoV. Cats inoculated with FNoV gene-positive-fecal samples showed clinical symptoms.
Norovirus (NoV) has been classified into 6 genogroups, GI-GVI. In the present study, we identified novel feline NoV (FNoV) M49-1 strain. The C-terminal of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the FNoV M49-1 strain was highly homologous with GIV FNoV and GIV lion norovirus, whereas VP1 was highly homologous with GVI canine NoV (CNoV). Based on the results of the Simplot analysis, the FNoV M49-1 strain may have been produced by recombination between GIV.2 FNoV and GVI.1 CNoV. In addition, specific pathogen-free cats inoculated with FNoV gene-positive-fecal samples developed diarrhea symptoms, and the viral gene was detected in their feces and blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Takano
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hajime Kusuhara
- Health and Environment Research Institute, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Akira Kuroishi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Midori Takashina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Doki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | | | - Tsutomu Hohdatsu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan.
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31
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Kaur G, Chandra M, Dwivedi PN, Sharma NS. Isolation of Canine parvovirus with a view to identify the prevalent serotype on the basis of partial sequence analysis. Vet World 2015; 8:52-6. [PMID: 27046996 PMCID: PMC4777811 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.52-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to isolate Canine parvovirus (CPV) from suspected dogs on madin darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line and its confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR (NPCR). Further, VP2 gene of the CPV isolates was amplified and sequenced to determine prevailing antigenic type. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 rectal swabs were collected from dogs showing signs of gastroenteritis, processed and subjected to isolation in MDCK cell line. The samples showing cytopathic effects (CPE) were confirmed by PCR and NPCR. These samples were subjected to PCR for amplification of VP2 gene of CPV, sequenced and analyzed to study the prevailing antigenic types of CPV. Results: Out of the 60 samples subjected to isolation in MDCK cell line five samples showed CPE in the form of rounding of cells, clumping of cells and finally detachment of the cells. When these samples and the two commercially available vaccines were subjected to PCR for amplification of VP2 gene, a 1710 bp product was amplified. The sequence analysis revealed that the vaccines belonged to the CPV-2 type and the samples were of CPV-2b type. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present study that out of a total of 60 samples 5 samples exhibited CPE as observed in MDCK cell line. Sequence analysis of the VP2 gene among the samples and vaccine strains revealed that samples belonged to CPV-2b type and vaccines belonging to CPV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mudit Chandra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - P N Dwivedi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - N S Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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32
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Behera M, Panda SK, Sahoo PK, Acharya AP, Patra RC, Das S, Pati S. Epidemiological study of canine parvovirus infection in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Vet World 2015; 8:33-7. [PMID: 27046992 PMCID: PMC4777807 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.33-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: An epidemiological study of canine parvovirus infection in dogs in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha was conducted between December 2012 to March 2013 and prevalence rate was studied on the basis of age, breed, and sex. Materials and Methods: A total of 71 fecal samples from suspected diarrheic dogs were collected in sterile phosphate buffer saline (10% W/V) and examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of canine parvo virus infection, followed by epidemiological study in relation to age, breed, and sex. Results: Of 71 samples analyzed, 29 (40.85%) were found to be positive by PCR assay. The infection was higher in Deshi/local breeds (34.48%), followed by German shepherd (17.24%), equal incidences in mixed and Labrador retriever (10.34%), Rottweiler and German spitz showed 6.90% each and finally lower incidences in four breeds (3.45%) such as Dalmatians, Nea politan mastiff, Pug and Great Dane. Age-wise prevalence study revealed the infection being more in the age group of 3-6 months (41.37%), followed by equal incidences of 27.59% in 1-3 months and 6-12 months age group, and a low incidence in age groups above 12 months (3.45%). The incidence was predominantly higher in males (86.21%) than females (13.79%). Conclusions: The epidemiological analysis revealed that the breed wise prevalence was found to be more in Deshi breeds as compared to others, age groups below 6 months were found to be more prone to parvovirus infection and males were mostly infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Behera
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - S K Panda
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - P K Sahoo
- Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - A P Acharya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - R C Patra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sweta Das
- Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - S Pati
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Proksch A, Unterer S, Truyen U, Hartmann K. Efficacy of the paramunity inducer PIND-ORF in the treatment of canine parvovirus infection. Vet J 2014; 202:340-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kaur G, Chandra M, Dwivedi PN, Sharma NS. Antigenic typing of canine parvovirus using differential PCR. Virusdisease 2014; 25:481-7. [PMID: 25674626 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an enteric pathogen causing hemorrhagic enteritis in pups of 3-6 months of age and is mainly transmitted via feco-oral route. In the present study, a total of 85 animals rectal swabs suspected of CPV were tested using a PCR, nested PCR and a newly designed differential PCR. Using PCR 7 (8.23 %) animals were positive whereas 39 (45.88 %) were positive by using nested PCR and 40 (47.05 %) were positive for either one or more than one antigenic types of CPV using differential PCR. Using differential PCR it was found that CPV-2a and CPV-2b were the most prevailing antigenic types. Also it was found that dogs that were vaccinated too yielded positive CPV indicating a possible presence of additional CPV antigenic types. Thus, the primers used in differential PCR can be used in a single PCR reaction to detect various antigenic types of CPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - Mudit Chandra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - P N Dwivedi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - N S Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
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35
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Yi L, Tong M, Cheng Y, Song W, Cheng S. Phylogenetic Analysis of Canine Parvovirus VP2 Gene in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:e262-9. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Yi
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Changchun Jilin province China
| | - M. Tong
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Changchun Jilin province China
| | - Y. Cheng
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Changchun Jilin province China
| | - W. Song
- Wuhan ZhenAi Pet Clinic; Jiang'an District Wuhan Hubei province China
| | - S. Cheng
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Changchun Jilin province China
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36
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Stuetzer B, Hartmann K. Feline parvovirus infection and associated diseases. Vet J 2014; 201:150-5. [PMID: 24923754 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia, caused by the single-stranded DNA virus feline parvovirus (FPV), is a highly contagious and often lethal disease of cats and other Felidae. FPV, but also canine parvovirus (CPV) can be isolated from both healthy and diseased cats. In Germany, CPV was detected in only approximately 10% of feline samples, but in Southeast Asia, reports estimated that up to approximately 80% of diseased cats were infected with CPV. Infection spreads rapidly, especially in cells with high mitotic activity, such as bone marrow, lymphoid tissue and intestinal crypt cells. Anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, neutropenia and lymphopenia are common in clinically affected cases. In utero or neonatal infection can result in cerebellar hypoplasia. Depending on the severity of clinical signs, mortality ranges from 25 to 100%. Effective vaccination and thorough disinfection are of the utmost importance in the prevention of disease transmission in multi-cat households and animal shelters. If clinical signs develop, supportive treatment should be commenced. The efficacy of feline recombinant interferon and FPV antibodies has not been clearly demonstrated. Commercially available vaccines should induce protective immunity when administered according to current guidelines. Recent studies suggest that in some kittens, maternally derived antibodies (MDA) can persist for much longer than has been previously recognised. FPV serum antibody tests are available, but protection status needs to be interpreted with caution in kittens with MDA and a negative titre in adult cats does not necessarily denote lack of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Stuetzer
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
| | - Katrin Hartmann
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität Muenchen, Munich, Germany
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Segawa T, Kobayashi Y, Sase Y, Itou T, Suzuki M, Endoh T, Nakanishi T, Sakai T. Easy-to-use rapid gene amplification method for direct detection of RNA and DNA viruses in sera and feces from various animals. J Virol Methods 2014; 201:31-7. [PMID: 24560780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of rapid and simple gene amplification tests is required for detection of pathogens to prevent transmission of infectious diseases between animals or from animals to humans. An easy-to-use rapid gene amplification method that can directly detect RNA and DNA viruses in clinical samples was developed. This method is based on combining loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) or reverse transcription-LAMP (RT-LAMP) and RNA GEM Tissue, a thermophilic enzyme that extracts nucleic acid by quickly digesting proteins and ribonucleases. The authors named these methods GEM LAMP and GEM RT-LAMP. These methods were able to detect viral DNA and RNA within 70 min in a single tube using only a water bath. The detection capacities were 10-100-fold more sensitive than those of previously established LAMP and RT-LAMP methods. The GEM LAMP and GEM RT-LAMP methods were used to detect macroscopically the presence of DNA and RNA viruses in sera or fecal samples from cattle, pigs, horses, dolphins, penguins, and sea lions using SYBR green I. The GEM LAMP and GEM RT-LAMP methods thus have considerable versatility as tools for detecting pathogens and are applicable to basic human and veterinary medicine, environmental hygiene, and point-of-care-testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Segawa
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yukina Sase
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takuya Itou
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Miwa Suzuki
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Tomoko Endoh
- Shinagawa Aquarium, 3-2-1 Katsushima, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0012, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nakanishi
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takeo Sakai
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Aldaz J, García-Díaz J, Calleros L, Sosa K, Iraola G, Marandino A, Hernández M, Panzera Y, Pérez R. High local genetic diversity of canine parvovirus from Ecuador. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:214-9. [PMID: 23850438 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) comprises three antigenic variants (2a, 2b, and 2c) that are distributed globally with different frequencies and levels of genetic variability. CPVs from central Ecuador were herein analyzed to characterize the strains and to provide new insights into local viral diversity, evolution, and pathogenicity. Variant prevalence was analyzed by PCR and partial sequencing for 53 CPV-positive samples collected during 2011 and 2012. The full-length VP2 gene was sequenced in 24 selected strains and a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed using both Ecuadorian and worldwide strains. Ecuadorian CPVs have a remarkable genetic diversity that includes the circulation of all three variants and the existence of different evolutionary groups or lineages. CPV-2c was the most prevalent variant (54.7%), confirming the spread of this variant in America. Ecuadorian CPV-2c strains clustered in two lineages, which represent the first evidence of polyphyletic CPV-2c circulating in South America. CPV-2a strains constituted 41.5% of the samples and clustered in a single lineage. The two detected CPV-2b strains (3.8%) were clearly polyphyletic and appeared related to Ecuadorian CPV-2a or foreign CPV-2b strains. Besides the substitution at residue 426 that is used to identify the variants, two amino acid changes occurred in Ecuadorian strains: Val139Iso and Thr440Ser. Ser(440) occurred in a biologically relevant domain of VP2 and is here described for the first time in CPV. The associations of Ecuadorian CPV-2c and CPV-2a with clinical symptoms indicate that dull mentation, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and hypothermia occurred more frequently in infection with CPV-2c than with CPV-2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Aldaz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Ecuador
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Guo L, Yang SL, Chen SJ, Zhang Z, Wang C, Hou R, Ren Y, Wen X, Cao S, Guo W, Hao Z, Quan Z, Zhang M, Yan QG. Identification of canine parvovirus with the Q370R point mutation in the VP2 gene from a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Virol J 2013; 10:163. [PMID: 23706032 PMCID: PMC3680276 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we sequenced and phylogenetic analyses of the VP2 genes from twelve canine parvovirus (CPV) strains obtained from eleven domestic dogs and a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in China. A novel canine parvovirus (CPV) was detected from the giant panda in China. Results Nucleotide and phylogenetic analysis of the capsid protein VP2 gene classified the CPV as a new CPV-2a type. Substitution of Gln for Arg at the conserved 370 residue in CPV presents an unusual variation in the new CPV-2a amino acid sequence of the giant panda and is further evidence for the continuing evolution of the virus. Conclusions These findings extend the knowledge on CPV molecular epidemiology of particular relevance to wild carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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Streck AF, Rüster D, Truyen U, Homeier T. An updated TaqMan real-time PCR for canine and feline parvoviruses. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:6-8. [PMID: 23680092 PMCID: PMC7119788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) emerged in late 1970s from the feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) and developed, since then, into novel genetic and antigenic variants (CPV-2a, -2b and -2c). Canine and feline parvoviruses cause an acute enteric disease in their hosts, with high level of viral shedding. In this study, a quantitative TaqMan PCR for detection and quantitation of canine and feline parvoviruses in serum and fecal samples was developed. The primers were designed based upon the entire GenBank content for CPV and FPLV. A standard curve was generated, and validation tests were performed using 10-fold serial dilutions of CPV-2 virus in CPV/FPLV-negative feces and CPV/FPLV-negative serum samples. As a result, the 100% detection limit of the PCR was 18 copies of the viral genome per μl of serum and fecal sample. All canine parvovirus types as well as FPLV were detected. In conclusion, the real-time PCR represents an upgraded and useful tool to identify and quantify canine and feline parvoviruses in different sample matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Felipe Streck
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Maya L, Calleros L, Francia L, Hernández M, Iraola G, Panzera Y, Sosa K, Pérez R. Phylodynamics analysis of canine parvovirus in Uruguay: evidence of two successive invasions by different variants. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1133-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bhat AA, Wadhwa DR, Imran S, Chander V. Plasma concentration of creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme in dogs with intestinal form of canine parvovirus-2 infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-012-1667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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Nan H, Yoo DJ, Kang SH. Fast parallel detection of feline panleukopenia virus DNA by multi-channel microchip electrophoresis with programmed step electric field strength. J Sep Sci 2012; 36:350-5. [PMID: 23233436 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A multi-channel microchip electrophoresis using a programmed step electric field strength (PSEFS) method was investigated for fast parallel detection of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) DNA. An expanded laser beam, a 10× objective lens, and a charge-coupled device camera were used to simultaneously detect the separations in three parallel channels using laser-induced fluorescence detection. The parallel separations of a 100-bp DNA ladder were demonstrated on the system using a sieving gel matrix of 0.5% poly(ethylene oxide) (M(r) = 8 000 000) in the individual channels. In addition, the PSEFS method was also applied for faster DNA separation without loss of resolving power. A DNA size marker, FPV DNA sample, and a negative control were simultaneously analyzed with single-run and one-step detection. The FPV DNA was clearly distinguished within 30 s, which was more than 100 times faster than with conventional slab gel electrophoresis. The proposed multi-channel microchip electrophoresis with PSEFS was demonstrated to be a simple and powerful diagnostic method to analyze multiple disease-related DNA fragments in parallel with high speed, throughput, and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Nan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Zhang JH, Yang R, Wang TY, Dong WH, Wang F, Wang L. A simple and practical method that prepares high molecular weight DNA ladders. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:1211-3. [PMID: 22948498 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to report a simple and practical method to prepare high molecular weight (mw) DNA ladders. The method involves 1,000-4,000-base pairs (bp) DNA fragments being amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using λ DNA as a template. The constructed plasmids are digested by restriction endonucleases to produce 5-, 6-, 8- and 10-kb DNA fragments, followed by purification and precipitation with ethanol, and mixed proportionally. The 1,000-4,000-bp DNA fragments were successfully generated by PCR and 5-, 6-, 8- and 10-kb DNA fragments were obtained through the digestion of the plasmids. The bands of the prepared high mw DNA ladder were clear and may aid future molecular biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-He Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
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Pérez R, Bianchi P, Calleros L, Francia L, Hernández M, Maya L, Panzera Y, Sosa K, Zoller S. Recent spreading of a divergent canine parvovirus type 2a (CPV-2a) strain in a CPV-2c homogenous population. Vet Microbiol 2011; 155:214-9. [PMID: 22014372 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), which causes acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs, is comprised of three antigenic variants (2a, 2b, and 2c) that are distributed worldwide with different frequencies. Variant prevalence was analyzed in 150 CPV-2-positive samples collected from the Uruguayan dog population in 2007-2010. Samples were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and sequencing of the coding region for the largest and most variable loop of the VP2 capsid protein. CPV-2c was the only strain detected from 2007 to 2009. Uruguayan CPV-2c showed high homogeneity in both nucleotide and amino acid sequences, indicating a low level of genetic variability. In 2010, an unexpected epidemiological change occurred in Uruguay as a consequence of the appearance of a novel CPV-2a strain. This variant rapidly spread through the Uruguayan dog population and was detected in 20 of the 52 cases (38%) analyzed in 2010. CPV-2a sequences were identical in all field viruses analyzed, and in addition to the characteristic 426Asn residue, the sequences showed amino acid substitutions (267Tyr, 324Ile, and 440Ala) not observed in the Uruguayan CPV-2c. These data and the first detection in April 2010 suggest that the CPV-2a variant recently emerged in Uruguay and underwent clonal expansion. This observation is the first case in which a CPV-2a variant increased its frequency in a dog population where CPV-2c was prevalent. Our results emphasize the dynamic changes in CPV variants and highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance programs to provide a better understanding of virus epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Leblanc-Maridor M, Beaudeau F, Seegers H, Denis M, Belloc C. Rapid identification and quantification of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni by real-time PCR in pure cultures and in complex samples. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:113. [PMID: 21600037 PMCID: PMC3123193 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter spp., especially Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and Campylobacter coli (C. coli), are recognized as the leading human foodborne pathogens in developed countries. Livestock animals carrying Campylobacter pose an important risk for human contamination. Pigs are known to be frequently colonized with Campylobacter, especially C. coli, and to excrete high numbers of this pathogen in their faeces. Molecular tools, notably real-time PCR, provide an effective, rapid, and sensitive alternative to culture-based methods for the detection of C. coli and C. jejuni in various substrates. In order to serve as a diagnostic tool supporting Campylobacter epidemiology, we developed a quantitative real-time PCR method for species-specific detection and quantification of C. coli and C. jejuni directly in faecal, feed, and environmental samples. Results With a sensitivity of 10 genome copies and a linear range of seven to eight orders of magnitude, the C. coli and C. jejuni real-time PCR assays allowed a precise quantification of purified DNA from C. coli and C. jejuni. The assays were highly specific and showed a 6-log-linear dynamic range of quantification with a quantitative detection limit of approximately 2.5 × 102 CFU/g of faeces, 1.3 × 102 CFU/g of feed, and 1.0 × 103 CFU/m2 for the environmental samples. Compared to the results obtained by culture, both C. coli and C. jejuni real-time PCR assays exhibited a specificity of 96.2% with a kappa of 0.94 and 0.89 respectively. For faecal samples of experimentally infected pigs, the coefficients of correlation between the C. coli or C. jejuni real-time PCR assay and culture enumeration were R2 = 0.90 and R2 = 0.93 respectively. Conclusion The C. coli and C. jejuni real-time quantitative PCR assays developed in this study provide a method capable of directly detecting and quantifying C. coli and C. jejuni in faeces, feed, and environmental samples. These assays represent a new diagnostic tool for studying the epidemiology of Campylobacter by, for instance, investigating the carriage and excretion of C. coli and C. jejuni by pigs from conventional herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mily Leblanc-Maridor
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, UMR 1300 Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse des Risques, Nantes F-44307, France.
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Molecular epidemiology and phylogeny reveal complex spatial dynamics in areas where canine parvovirus is endemic. J Virol 2011; 85:7892-9. [PMID: 21593180 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01576-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a severe enteric pathogen of dogs, causing high mortality in unvaccinated dogs. After emerging, CPV-2 spread rapidly worldwide. However, there is now some evidence to suggest that international transmission appears to be more restricted. In order to investigate the transmission and evolution of CPV-2 both nationally and in relation to the global situation, we have used a long-range PCR to amplify and sequence the full VP2 gene of 150 canine parvoviruses obtained from a large cross-sectional sample of dogs presenting with severe diarrhea to veterinarians in the United Kingdom, over a 2-year period. Among these 150 strains, 50 different DNA sequence types (S) were identified, and apart from one case, all appeared unique to the United Kingdom. Phylogenetic analysis provided clear evidence for spatial clustering at the international level and for the first time also at the national level, with the geographical range of some sequence types appearing to be highly restricted within the United Kingdom. Evolution of the VP2 gene in this data set was associated with a lack of positive selection. In addition, the majority of predicted amino acid sequences were identical to those found elsewhere in the world, suggesting that CPV VP2 has evolved a highly fit conformation. Based on typing systems using key amino acid mutations, 43% of viruses were CPV-2a, and 57% CPV-2b, with no type 2 or 2c found. However, phylogenetic analysis suggested complex antigenic evolution of this virus, with both type 2a and 2b viruses appearing polyphyletic. As such, typing based on specific amino acid mutations may not reflect the true epidemiology of this virus. The geographical restriction that we observed both within the United Kingdom and between the United Kingdom and other countries, together with the lack of CPV-2c in this population, strongly suggests the spread of CPV within its population may be heterogeneously subject to limiting factors. This cross-sectional study of national and global CPV phylogeographic segregation reveals a substantially more complex epidemic structure than previously described.
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Battilani M, Balboni A, Ustulin M, Giunti M, Scagliarini A, Prosperi S. Genetic complexity and multiple infections with more Parvovirus species in naturally infected cats. Vet Res 2011; 42:43. [PMID: 21366901 PMCID: PMC3059301 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses of carnivores include three closely related autonomous parvoviruses: canine parvovirus (CPV), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and mink enteritis virus (MEV). These viruses cause a variety of serious diseases, especially in young patients, since they have a remarkable predilection for replication in rapidly dividing cells. FPV is not the only parvovirus species which infects cats; in addition to MEV, the new variants of canine parvovirus, CPV-2a, 2b and 2c have also penetrated the feline host-range, and they are able to infect and replicate in cats, causing diseases indistinguishable from feline panleukopenia. Furthermore, as cats are susceptible to both CPV-2 and FPV viruses, superinfection and co-infection with multiple parvovirus strains may occur, potentially facilitating recombination and high genetic heterogeneity. In the light of the importance of cats as a potential source of genetic diversity for parvoviruses and, since feline panleukopenia virus has re-emerged as a major cause of mortality in felines, the present study has explored the molecular characteristics of parvovirus strains circulating in cat populations. The most significant findings reported in this study were (a) the detection of mixed infection FPV/CPV with the presence of one parvovirus variant which is a true intermediate between FPV/CPV and (b) the quasispecies cloud size of one CPV sample variant 2c. In conclusion, this study provides new important results about the evolutionary dynamics of CPV infections in cats, showing that CPV has presumably started a new process of readaptation in feline hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Battilani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy.
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Quantification of Campylobacter spp. in pig feces by direct real-time PCR with an internal control of extraction and amplification. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 85:53-61. [PMID: 21277341 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and direct quantification of Campylobacter spp. in complex substrates like feces or environmental samples is crucial to facilitate epidemiological studies on Campylobacter in pig production systems. We developed a real-time PCR assay for detecting and quantifying Campylobacter spp. directly in pig feces with the use of an internal control. Campylobacter spp. and Yersinia ruckeri primers-probes sets were designed and checked for specificity with diverse Campylobacter, related organisms, and other bacterial pathogens before being used in field samples. The quantification of Campylobacter spp. by the real-time PCR then was realized on 531 fecal samples obtained from experimentally and naturally infected pigs; the numeration of Campylobacter on Karmali plate was done in parallel. Yersinia ruckeri, used as bacterial internal control, was added to the samples before DNA extraction to control DNA-extraction and PCR-amplification. The sensitivity of the PCR assay was 10 genome copies. The established Campylobacter real-time PCR assay showed a 7-log-wide linear dynamic range of quantification (R²=0.99) with a detection limit of 200 Colony Forming Units of Campylobacter per gram of feces. A high correlation was found between the results obtained by real-time PCR and those by culture at both qualitative and quantitative levels. Moreover, DNA extraction followed by real-time PCR reduced the time needed for analysis to a few hours (within a working day). In conclusion, the real-time PCR developed in this study provides new tools for further epidemiological surveys to investigate the carriage and excretion of Campylobacter by pigs.
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Mohan Raj J, Mukhopadhyay H, Thanislass J, Antony P, Pillai R. Isolation, molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of canine parvovirus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 10:1237-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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