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Yang J, Liu Y, Fan Y, Shen D, Shen J, Fang G. High-Frequency Local Field Potential Oscillations May Modulate Aggressive Behaviors in Mice. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1682. [PMID: 36421396 PMCID: PMC9687601 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Aggressive behavior is one of congenital social behaviors in many species, which could be promoted by social neglect or isolation in the early stages of life. Many brain regions including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), medial amygdala (MeA) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) are demonstrated to relate to aggressive behavior; however, the dynamic patterns of neural activities during the occurrence of this behavior remain unclear. In this study, 21-day-old male CD-1 mice were reared in social isolation conditions and cohousing conditions for two weeks. Aggressive behaviors of each subject were estimated by the resident-intruder test. Simultaneously, the local field potentials of mPFC, MeA and VMH were recorded for exploring differences in the relative power spectra of different oscillations when aggressive behaviors occurred. The results showed that the following: (1) Compared with the cohousing mice, the socially isolated mice exhibited more aggression. (2) Regardless of "time condition" (pre-, during- and post- attack), the relative power spectra of beta band in the cohousing mice were significantly greater than those in the socially isolated mice, and inversely, the relative power spectra of gamma band in the cohousing mice were significantly smaller than those in the socially isolated mice. (3) The bilateral mPFC exhibited significantly smaller beta power spectra but greater gamma power spectra compared with other brain areas regardless of rearing patterns. (4) For the right VMH of the socially isolated mice, the relative power spectra of the gamma band during attacks were significantly greater than those before attack. These results suggest that aggressive behaviors in mice could be shaped by rearing patterns and that high-frequency oscillations (beta and gamma bands) may engage in mediating aggressive behaviors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yansu Liu
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, No. 173 Longdu Nan Road, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Yanzhu Fan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Di Shen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangyan Shen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangzhan Fang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, No. 1 Shi Da Road, Nanchong 637009, China
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de la Zerda SH, Netser S, Magalnik H, Briller M, Marzan D, Glatt S, Abergel Y, Wagner S. Social recognition in laboratory mice requires integration of behaviorally-induced somatosensory, auditory and olfactory cues. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 143:105859. [PMID: 35816892 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In humans, discrimination between individuals, also termed social recognition, can rely on a single sensory modality, such as vision. By analogy, social recognition in rodents is thought to be based upon olfaction. Here, we hypothesized that social recognition in rodents relies upon integration of olfactory, auditory and somatosensory cues, hence requiring active behavior of social stimuli. Using distinct social recognition tests, we demonstrated that adult male mice do not exhibit recognition of familiar stimuli or learn the identity of novel stimuli that are inactive due to anesthesia. We further revealed that impairing the olfactory, somatosensory or auditory systems prevents behavioral recognition of familiar stimuli. Finally, we found that familiar and novel stimuli generate distinct movement patterns during social discrimination and that subjects react differentially to the movement of these stimuli. Thus, unlike what occurs in humans, social recognition in mice relies on integration of information from several sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Haskal de la Zerda
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shai Netser
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hen Magalnik
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mayan Briller
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dan Marzan
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sigal Glatt
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yasmin Abergel
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shlomo Wagner
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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3
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Leonardis EJ, Breston L, Lucero-Moore R, Sena L, Kohli R, Schuster L, Barton-Gluzman L, Quinn LK, Wiles J, Chiba AA. Interactive neurorobotics: Behavioral and neural dynamics of agent interactions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:897603. [PMID: 36059768 PMCID: PMC9431369 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.897603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactive neurorobotics is a subfield which characterizes brain responses evoked during interaction with a robot, and their relationship with the behavioral responses. Gathering rich neural and behavioral data from humans or animals responding to agents can act as a scaffold for the design process of future social robots. This research seeks to study how organisms respond to artificial agents in contrast to biological or inanimate ones. This experiment uses the novel affordances of the robotic platforms to investigate complex dynamics during minimally structured interactions that would be difficult to capture with classical experimental setups. We then propose a general framework for such experiments that emphasizes naturalistic interactions combined with multimodal observations and complementary analysis pipelines that are necessary to render a holistic picture of the data for the purpose of informing robotic design principles. Finally, we demonstrate this approach with an exemplar rat-robot social interaction task which included simultaneous multi-agent tracking and neural recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Leonardis
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Leo Breston
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Program in Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rhiannon Lucero-Moore
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Leigh Sena
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Raunit Kohli
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Luisa Schuster
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lacha Barton-Gluzman
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Laleh K. Quinn
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Janet Wiles
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrea A. Chiba
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Program in Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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4
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Mouly AM, Bouillot C, Costes N, Zimmer L, Ravel N, Litaudon P. PET Metabolic Imaging of Time-Dependent Reorganization of Olfactory Cued Fear Memory Networks in Rats. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2717-2728. [PMID: 34668524 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory consolidation involves reorganization at both the synaptic and system levels. The latter involves gradual reorganization of the brain regions that support memory and has been mostly highlighted using hippocampal-dependent tasks. The standard memory consolidation model posits that the hippocampus becomes gradually less important over time in favor of neocortical regions. In contrast, this reorganization of circuits in amygdala-dependent tasks has been less investigated. Moreover, this question has been addressed using primarily lesion or cellular imaging approaches thus precluding the comparison of recent and remote memory networks in the same animals. To overcome this limitation, we used microPET imaging to characterize, in the same animals, the networks activated during the recall of a recent versus remote memory in an olfactory cued fear conditioning paradigm. The data highlighted the drastic difference between the extents of the two networks. Indeed, although the recall of a recent odor fear memory activates a large network of structures spanning from the prefrontal cortex to the cerebellum, significant activations during remote memory retrieval are limited to the piriform cortex. These results strongly support the view that amygdala-dependent memories also undergo system-level reorganization, and that sensory cortical areas might participate in the long-term storage of emotional memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Mouly
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron Cedex 69675, France
| | | | | | - Luc Zimmer
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron Cedex 69675, France.,CERMEP-Life Imaging, Bron Cedex 69677, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69002, France
| | - Nadine Ravel
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron Cedex 69675, France
| | - Philippe Litaudon
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron Cedex 69675, France
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Abstract
(1) Background: Although olfaction is the predominant sensory modality in rodents, studies focusing on lateralisation of olfactory processing remain scarce, and they are limited to the exploration of brain asymmetries. This study aimed to test whether outbred and inbred mice (NMRI and C57BL/6J mice strains) show nostril-use preference in processing olfactory stimuli differing in terms of emotional valence under unrestrained conditions. (2) Methods: Five odour stimuli were used in the study: vanilla, female urine, garlic, rat, distilled water. We measured the number of times mice used their left or right nostril for each testing session. (3) Results: We here showed that mice preferentially used their right nostril when sniffing attractive stimuli (female urine, vanilla), and their left nostril when sniffing aversive stimuli (rat odour). Results were consistent for both strains. (4) Conclusions: Surprisingly, the results obtained seem opposite to the valence theory assessing that the left and the right hemispheres are dominant in processing stimuli with a positive and a negative valence, respectively. It remains to be determined whether this valence-dependent pattern is specific or not to olfaction in mice. These new findings will be important to better understand how both hemispheres contribute to odour processing in rodents.
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Oettl LL, Ravi N, Schneider M, Scheller MF, Schneider P, Mitre M, da Silva Gouveia M, Froemke RC, Chao MV, Young WS, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Grinevich V, Shusterman R, Kelsch W. Oxytocin Enhances Social Recognition by Modulating Cortical Control of Early Olfactory Processing. Neuron 2016; 90:609-21. [PMID: 27112498 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin promotes social interactions and recognition of conspecifics that rely on olfaction in most species. The circuit mechanisms through which oxytocin modifies olfactory processing are incompletely understood. Here, we observed that optogenetically induced oxytocin release enhanced olfactory exploration and same-sex recognition of adult rats. Consistent with oxytocin's function in the anterior olfactory cortex, particularly in social cue processing, region-selective receptor deletion impaired social recognition but left odor discrimination and recognition intact outside a social context. Oxytocin transiently increased the drive of the anterior olfactory cortex projecting to olfactory bulb interneurons. Cortical top-down recruitment of interneurons dynamically enhanced the inhibitory input to olfactory bulb projection neurons and increased the signal-to-noise of their output. In summary, oxytocin generates states for optimized information extraction in an early cortical top-down network that is required for social interactions with potential implications for sensory processing deficits in autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Lennart Oettl
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Namasivayam Ravi
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Miriam Schneider
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Max F Scheller
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peggy Schneider
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mariela Mitre
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Miriam da Silva Gouveia
- Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert C Froemke
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Moses V Chao
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - W Scott Young
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Shusterman
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Kelsch
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
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Pfau DR, Hobbs NJ, Breedlove SM, Jordan CL. Sex and laterality differences in medial amygdala neurons and astrocytes of adult mice. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:2492-502. [PMID: 26780286 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The posterodorsal aspect of the medial amygdala (MePD) in rats is sexually dimorphic, being larger and containing more and larger neurons in males than in females. It is also highly lateralized, with the right MePD larger than the left in both sexes, but with the smaller left MePD actually containing more and larger neurons than the larger right. Astrocytes are also strikingly sexually differentiated, with male-biased numbers and lateralized favoring the right in the rat MePD. However, comparable information is scant for mice where genetic tools offer greater experimental power. Hence, we examined the MePD from adult male and female C57Bl/6(J) mice. We now report that the MePD is larger in males than in females, with the MePD in males containing more astrocytes and neurons than in females. However, we did not find sex differences in astrocyte complexity or overall glial number nor effects of laterality in either measure. While the mouse MePD is generally less lateralized than in rats, we did find that the sex difference in astrocyte number is only on the right because of a significant lateralization in females, with significantly fewer astrocytes on the right than the left but only in females. A sex difference in neuronal soma size favoring males was also evident, but only on the left. Sex differences in the number of neurons and astrocytes common to both rodent species may represent core morphological features that critically underlie the expression of sex-specific behaviors that depend on the MePD. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2492-2502, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Pfau
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Nicholas J Hobbs
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - S Marc Breedlove
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Cynthia L Jordan
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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8
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Ferris CF, Yee JR, Kenkel WM, Dumais KM, Moore K, Veenema AH, Kulkarni P, Perkybile AM, Carter CS. Distinct BOLD Activation Profiles Following Central and Peripheral Oxytocin Administration in Awake Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:245. [PMID: 26441574 PMCID: PMC4585275 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of literature has suggested that intranasal oxytocin (OT) or other systemic routes of administration can alter prosocial behavior, presumably by directly activating OT sensitive neural circuits in the brain. Yet there is no clear evidence that OT given peripherally can cross the blood-brain barrier at levels sufficient to engage the OT receptor. To address this issue we examined changes in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal intensity in response to peripheral OT injections (0.1, 0.5, or 2.5 mg/kg) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in awake rats imaged at 7.0 T. These data were compared to OT (1 μg/5 μl) given directly to the brain via the lateral cerebroventricle. Using a 3D annotated MRI atlas of the rat brain segmented into 171 brain areas and computational analysis, we reconstructed the distributed integrated neural circuits identified with BOLD fMRI following central and peripheral OT. Both routes of administration caused significant changes in BOLD signal within the first 10 min of administration. As expected, central OT activated a majority of brain areas known to express a high density of OT receptors, e.g., lateral septum, subiculum, shell of the accumbens, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. This profile of activation was not matched by peripheral OT. The change in BOLD signal to peripheral OT did not show any discernible dose-response. Interestingly, peripheral OT affected all subdivisions of the olfactory bulb, in addition to the cerebellum and several brainstem areas relevant to the autonomic nervous system, including the solitary tract nucleus. The results from this imaging study do not support a direct central action of peripheral OT on the brain. Instead, the patterns of brain activity suggest that peripheral OT may interact at the level of the olfactory bulb and through sensory afferents from the autonomic nervous system to influence brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig F Ferris
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Jason R Yee
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University , Boston, MA , USA ; Kinsey Institute, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN , USA
| | | | - Kelly Marie Dumais
- Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, MA , USA
| | - Kelsey Moore
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Alexa H Veenema
- Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, MA , USA
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University , Boston, MA , USA
| | | | - C Sue Carter
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN , USA
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9
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Plasma oxytocin levels predict social cue recognition in individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 162:47-51. [PMID: 25673435 PMCID: PMC4339097 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lower endogenous levels of the neuropeptide oxytocin may be an important biological predictor of social cognition impairments in schizophrenia (SZ). Prior studies have demonstrated that lower-level social cognitive processes (e.g., facial affect perception) are significantly associated with reduced plasma oxytocin levels in SZ; however, it is unclear whether higher-level social cognition, which requires inferential processes and knowledge not directly presented in the stimulus, is associated with endogenous oxytocin. The current study explored the association between endogenous oxytocin levels and lower- and higher-level social cognition in 40 individuals diagnosed with SZ and 22 demographically matched healthy controls (CN). All participants received the Social Cue Recognition Test (SCRT), which presents participants with videotaped interpersonal vignettes and subsequent true/false questions related to concrete or abstract aspects of social interactions in the vignettes. Results indicated that SZ had significantly higher plasma oxytocin concentrations than CN. SZ and CN did not differ on SCRT hits, but SZ had more false positives and lower sensitivity scores than CN. Higher plasma oxytocin levels were associated with better sensitivity scores for abstract items in CN and fewer false positives for concrete items in individuals with SZ. Findings indicate that endogenous oxytocin levels predict accurate encoding of lower-level socially relevant information in SZ.
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Strauss GP, Keller WR, Koenig JI, Gold JM, Ossenfort KL, Buchanan RW. Plasma oxytocin levels predict olfactory identification and negative symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 162:57-61. [PMID: 25583247 PMCID: PMC4339311 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Basic neuroscience research provides strong evidence for the role of oxytocin in olfactory processes and social affiliation in rodents. Given prior indication of olfactory impairments that are linked to greater severity of asociality in schizophrenia, we examined the association between plasma oxytocin levels and measures of olfaction and social outcome in a sample of outpatients with schizophrenia (n=39) and demographically matched healthy controls (n=21). Participants completed the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), and rated each odor for how positive and how negative it made them feel. Results indicated that individuals with schizophrenia had higher plasma oxytocin levels and lower overall accuracy for UPSIT items than controls. Individuals with schizophrenia also reported experiencing more negative emotionality than controls in response to the olfactory stimuli. Lower plasma oxytocin levels were associated with poorer accuracy for pleasant and unpleasant odors and greater severity of asociality in individuals with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that endogenous oxytocin levels may be an important predictor of olfactory identification deficits and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P. Strauss
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton,Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Gregory P. Strauss, Ph.D., . Phone: +1-607-777-5408. Fax: +1-607-777-4890. State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Psychology, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, New York, USA, 13902-6000
| | - William R. Keller
- Maryland Psychiatric Research center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - James I. Koenig
- Maryland Psychiatric Research center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - James M. Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | | | - Robert W. Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine
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Hikichi H, Hiyoshi T, Marumo T, Tomishima Y, Kaku A, Iida I, Urabe H, Tamita T, Yasuhara A, Karasawa JI, Chaki S. Antipsychotic profiles of TASP0443294, a novel and orally active positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate 2 receptor. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 127:352-61. [PMID: 25837934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamatergic dysfunction has been implicated in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. The stimulation of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 2 receptor has been shown to be effective in a number of animal models of schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated the antipsychotic profiles of (2S)-5-methyl-2-{[4-(1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)phenoxy]methyl}-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazole-6-carboxamide (TASP0443294), a newly synthesized positive allosteric modulator of the mGlu2 receptor. TASP0443294 potentiated the response of human mGlu2 and rat mGlu2 receptors to glutamate with EC50 values of 277 and 149 nM, respectively, without affecting the glutamate response of human mGlu3 receptor. TASP0443294 was distributed in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid after peroral administration in rats. The peroral administration of TASP0443294 inhibited methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats, which was attenuated by an mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist, and improved social memory impairment induced by 5R,10S-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK-801) in rats. Furthermore, TASP0443294 reduced the ketamine-induced basal gamma hyperactivity in the prefrontal cortex and suppressed rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in rats. These findings indicate that TASP0443294 is an mGlu2 receptor positive allosteric modulator with antipsychotic activity, and that the suppression of aberrant gamma oscillations and REM sleep could be considered as neurophysiological biomarkers for TASP0443294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohiko Hikichi
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama 331-9530, Japan.
| | - Tetsuaki Hiyoshi
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Marumo
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Tomishima
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kaku
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Izumi Iida
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Hiroki Urabe
- Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tamita
- Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Akito Yasuhara
- Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Karasawa
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Chaki
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
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12
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Pena RR, Pereira-Caixeta AR, Moraes MFD, Pereira GS. Anisomycin administered in the olfactory bulb and dorsal hippocampus impaired social recognition memory consolidation in different time-points. Brain Res Bull 2014; 109:151-7. [PMID: 25451454 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To identify an individual as familiar, rodents form a specific type of memory named social recognition memory. The olfactory bulb (OB) is an important structure for social recognition memory, while the hippocampus recruitment is still controversial. The present study was designed to elucidate the OB and the dorsal hippocampus contribution to the consolidation of social memory. For that purpose, we tested the effect of anisomycin (ANI), which one of the effects is the inhibition of protein synthesis, on the consolidation of social recognition memory. Swiss adult mice with cannulae implanted into the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus or into the OB were exposed to a juvenile during 5 min (training session; TR), and once again 1.5 h or 24 h later to test social short-term memory (S-STM) or social long-term memory (S-LTM), respectively. To study S-LTM consolidation, mice received intra-OB or intra-CA1 infusion of saline or ANI immediately, 3, 6 or 18 h after TR. ANI impaired S-LTM consolidation in the OB, when administered immediately or 6h after TR. In the dorsal hippocampus, ANI was amnesic only if administered 3 h after TR. Furthermore, the infusion of ANI in either OB or CA1, immediately after training, did not affect S-STM. Moreover, ANI administered into the OB did not alter the animal's performance in the buried food-finding task. Altogether, our results suggest the consolidation of S-LTM requires both OB and hippocampus participation, although in different time points. This study may help shedding light on the specific roles of the OB and dorsal hippocampus in social recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Pena
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627-CEP, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A R Pereira-Caixeta
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627-CEP, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M F D Moraes
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627-CEP, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - G S Pereira
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627-CEP, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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13
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Febo M, Ferris CF. Oxytocin and vasopressin modulation of the neural correlates of motivation and emotion: results from functional MRI studies in awake rats. Brain Res 2014; 1580:8-21. [PMID: 24486356 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin and vasopressin modulate a range of species typical behavioral functions that include social recognition, maternal-infant attachment, and modulation of memory, offensive aggression, defensive fear reactions, and reward seeking. We have employed novel functional magnetic resonance mapping techniques in awake rats to explore the roles of these neuropeptides in the maternal and non-maternal brain. Results from the functional neuroimaging studies that are summarized here have directly and indirectly confirmed and supported previous findings. Oxytocin is released within the lactating rat brain during suckling stimulation and activates specific subcortical networks in the maternal brain. Both vasopressin and oxytocin modulate brain regions involved unconditioned fear, processing of social stimuli and the expression of agonistic behaviors. Across studies there are relatively consistent brain networks associated with internal motivational drives and emotional states that are modulated by oxytocin and vasopressin. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxytocin and Social Behav.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Craig F Ferris
- Center for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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14
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Lazzari VM, Becker RO, de Azevedo MS, Morris M, Rigatto K, Almeida S, Lucion AB, Giovenardi M. Oxytocin modulates social interaction but is not essential for sexual behavior in male mice. Behav Brain Res 2013; 244:130-6. [PMID: 23376700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several studies have shown different conclusions regarding the effect of oxytocin (OT) on the social behaviors of male mice. Most of these studies used exogenous OT, but currently, investigations of the neural bases of social behavior are increasingly employing gene inactivation. This study aimed to analyze the role of OT in the modulation of social behaviors (i.e., sexual and social interaction behaviors) in male mice with selective deletions of the OT gene (OTKO) and the influence of this deletion in basal vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations. Our results showed that in the social interaction test, OTKO mice exhibited lower levels of social behaviors and higher levels of non-social behaviors compared to the wild type (WT) group. Additionally, the OTKO group showed a decrease in the number of agonistic behaviors delivered, and consequently, their dominance score was lower than that of the WT group. In the ethological analysis, the OTKO group had a lower aggressive performance and increased social investigation than the WT group. No significant differences were observed in the sexual behavior between groups. Finally, we found lower AVP plasma concentrations in the OTKO compared with the WT group. In conclusion, our data suggest that OT modulates social investigation behavior and the aggressiveness of male mice. The decrease in AVP concentrations in the OTKO group allows us to infer that AVP is physiologically relevant to these behavioral modulations. However, sexual behaviors do not seem to be affected by the lack of OT or by a decrease in the AVP concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Meneghini Lazzari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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15
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Abstract
We examined the role of the androgen receptor (AR) in the investigatory behaviour of conspecifics using mice carrying the testicular feminisation mutation (X(Tfm) Y). Responses to members of the same and opposite sex were evaluated in a habituation/dishabituation task. Adult mice were gonadectomised and treated with oestradiol (E(2) ) or testosterone. After E(2) treatment, regardless of the sex of the stimulus mouse, wild-type (WT) males engaged in significantly more investigation than WT females. X(Tfm) Y males treated with E(2) showed 'male-like' behaviour in response to a male but behaved 'female-like' when the stimulus was a female. Because WT and X(Tfm) Y males behaved the same in response to another male, we used two additional mouse models to ask whether sex chromosomes were responsible for this phenomenon. Regardless of sex chromosome complement, gonadal males displayed high levels of investigation. When mice were treated with testosterone, investigation by WT females was enhanced, which eliminated the sex differences. Most strikingly, X(Tfm) Y males receiving testosterone-treatment increased the investigation of females to levels equal to those shown by WT mice. Given that testosterone, but not its metabolite E(2) , caused X(Tfm) Y males to investigate female conspecifics at high levels, it is plausible that nonclassical actions of AR, and/or activation of a novel AR, may be involved in this behaviour. Taken together, our data show that AR activation during adulthood is not required for males to investigate mice of either sex. However, 'male-like' levels of investigation of a female stimulus may depend on neonatal activation of the classic nuclear AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Tejada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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16
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Borrow AP, Cameron NM. The role of oxytocin in mating and pregnancy. Horm Behav 2012; 61:266-76. [PMID: 22107910 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The hormone oxytocin (OT) is released both centrally and peripherally during and after mating. Although research in humans suggests a central role in sexuality, the most reliable findings to date involve peripheral activation. This review will discuss these results and will particularly focus on understanding the most recent findings from fMRI data and the effects of exogenous peripheral OT administration. We will then consider hypotheses of the roles played by central and systemic OT release as well as their control and modulation in the female, summarizing recent findings from animal research. Finally, we will discuss the contribution of OT to the initiation of pregnancy in rodents. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Borrow
- Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Psychology Department, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
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17
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Wacker DW, Ludwig M. Vasopressin, oxytocin, and social odor recognition. Horm Behav 2012; 61:259-65. [PMID: 21920364 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Central vasopressin and oxytocin, and their homologues, modulate a multitude of social behaviors in a variety of animal taxa. All social behavior requires some level of social (re)cognition, and these neuropeptides exert powerful effects on an animal's ability to recognize and appropriately respond to a conspecific. Social cognition for many mammals, including rodents, begins at the main and accessory olfactory systems. We recently identified vasopressin expressing neurons in the main and accessory olfactory bulb and in the anterior olfactory nucleus, a region of olfactory cortex that transmits and processes information in the main olfactory system. We review this and other work demonstrating that both vasopressin and oxytocin modulate conspecific social recognition at the level of the olfactory system. We also outline recent work on the somato-dendritic release of vasopressin and oxytocin, and propose a model by which the somato-dendritic priming of these neuropeptides in main olfactory regions may facilitate the formation of short-term social odor memories. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Wacker
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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18
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Spiteri T, Musatov S, Ogawa S, Ribeiro A, Pfaff DW, Agmo A. The role of the estrogen receptor alpha in the medial amygdala and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in social recognition, anxiety and aggression. Behav Brain Res 2010; 210:211-20. [PMID: 20184922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Social recognition manifests itself in decreased investigation of a previously encountered individual. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) knock out mice show deficient social recognition and anxiety. These data show that the ERalpha is involved in these effects, but they do not say anything about the brain sites important for these effects. In this study, an shRNA encoded within an AAV viral vector directed against the ERalpha receptor gene (or containing luciferase control), was injected bilaterally into the posterodorsal amygdala (MePDA) or the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN) of female rats. An 81% reduction of ERalpha expression in the MePDA eliminated social recognition. Moreover, this diminution of ERalpha in the MePDA reduced anxiety in the light/dark choice test. In contrast, social recognition was unaffected after ERalpha knockdown in the VMN while aggressiveness against the juvenile was enhanced. In conclusion, social recognition and anxiety in female rats are modulated by the ERalpha in the amygdala. Moreover, aggression against juveniles but not against adults could, at least partly, depend on the ERalpha in the VMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Spiteri
- Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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19
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Sanchez-Andrade G, Kendrick KM. The main olfactory system and social learning in mammals. Behav Brain Res 2009; 200:323-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Vaginocervical stimulation enhances social recognition memory in rats via oxytocin release in the olfactory bulb. Neuroscience 2008; 152:585-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Shimazaki T, Kaku A, Chaki S. Blockade of the metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptors enhances social memory via the AMPA receptor in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 575:94-7. [PMID: 17727837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Revised: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the role of mGlu(2/3) receptors in short-term social memory using the social recognition paradigm in rats in which an adult rat is exposed to the same juvenile rat in two successive interactions. Intraperitoneal administration of the mGlu(2/3) receptor antagonist MGS0039 (0.3-3 mg/kg) or the ampakine CX546 (0.3-3 mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently reduced the adult rat's social investigation of the same juvenile rat during the second encounter which occurred 120 min after the first encounter, indicating that both MGS0039 and CX546 enhanced social recognition. Pretreatment with the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX (0.1-1 mg/kg, s.c.) significantly attenuated the effects of MGS0039 (3 mg/kg, i.p.) in the social recognition test. These results suggest that the mGlu(2/3) receptor blockade increases social recognition memory, presumably through stimulation of the AMPA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Shimazaki
- Medicinal Pharmacology Laboratory, Medical Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
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22
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Sánchez-Andrade G, James BM, Kendrick KM. Neural encoding of olfactory recognition memory. J Reprod Dev 2006; 51:547-58. [PMID: 16284449 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.17031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our work with both sheep and mouse models has revealed many of the neural substrates and signalling pathways involved in olfactory recognition memory in the main olfactory system. A distributed neural system is required for initial memory formation and its short-term retention-the olfactory bulb, piriform and entorhinal cortices and hippocampus. Following memory consolidation, after 8 h or so, only the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex appear to be important for effective recall. Similarly, whereas the glutamate-NMDA/AMPA receptor-nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP signalling pathway is important for memory formation it is not involved in recall post-consolidation. Here, within the olfactory bulb, up-regulation of class 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors appears to maintain the enhanced sensitivity at the mitral to granule cell synapses required for effective memory recall. Recently we have investigated whether fluctuating sex hormone levels during the oestrous cycle modulate olfactory recognition memory and the different neural substrates and signalling pathways involved. These studies have used two robust models of social olfactory memory in the mouse which either involve social or non social odours (habituation-dishabituation and social transmission of food preference tasks). In both cases significant improvement of learning retention occurs when original learning takes place during the proestrus phase of the ovarian cycle. This is probably the result of oestrogen changes at this time since transgenic mice lacking functional expression of oestrogen receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta, the two main oestrogen receptor sub-types) have shown problems in social recognition. Therefore, oestrogen appears to act at the level of the olfactory bulb by modulating both noradrenaline and the glutamate/NO signalling pathway.
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23
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Soreq H, Yirmiya R, Cohen O, Glick D. Acetylcholinesterase as a window onto stress responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-0709(05)80032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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24
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Prediger RDS, Takahashi RN. Modulation of short-term social memory in rats by adenosine A1 and A(2A) receptors. Neurosci Lett 2004; 376:160-5. [PMID: 15721214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Revised: 11/03/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of an unfamiliar juvenile rat by an adult rat has been shown to imply short-term memory processes. The present study was designed to examine the role of adenosine receptors in the short-term social memory of rats using the social recognition paradigm. Adenosine (5.0-10.0 mg/kg), the selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA, 0.025-0.05 mg/kg) and the selective adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist N6-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]adenosine (DPMA, 1.0-5.0 mg/kg), given by i.p. route 30 min before the test, disrupted the juvenile recognition ability of adult rats. This negative effect of adenosine (5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) on social memory was prevented by pretreatment with the non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.), the adenosine A1 antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) and the adenosine A(2A) antagonist 4-(2-[7-amino-2-{2-furyl}{1,2,4}triazolo-{2,3-a}{1,3,5}triazin-5-yl-amino]ethyl)phenol (ZM241385, 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.). Furthermore, acute administration of caffeine (10.0-30.0 mg/kg, i.p.), DPCPX (1.0-3.0 mg/kg, i.p.) or ZM241385 (0.5-1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) improved the short-term social memory in a specific manner. These results indicate that adenosine modulates the short-term social memory in rats by acting on both A1 and A(2A) receptors, with adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists, respectively, disrupting and enhancing the social memory.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Adenosine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Caffeine/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Male
- Memory, Short-Term/drug effects
- Memory, Short-Term/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Adenosine A1/drug effects
- Receptor, Adenosine A1/metabolism
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/drug effects
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism
- Social Behavior
- Triazines/pharmacology
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Xanthines/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui D S Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC 88049-900, Brazil
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25
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Gheusi G, Bluthé RM, Goodall G, Dantzer R. Social and individual recognition in rodents: Methodological aspects and neurobiological bases. Behav Processes 2002; 33:59-87. [PMID: 24925240 DOI: 10.1016/0376-6357(94)90060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/1994] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
What animals know about each other, and how they construct and use knowledge of their social world involves at least an ability to recognise different social categories. Although much evidence has accumulated that animals are able to identify and classify other individuals into different categories, few studies have definitively demonstrated true individual recognition, i.e. discrimination between individuals on the basis of their idiosyncratic characteristics. Furthermore, the neural structures and pathways involved in social and, a fortiori, individual recognition have as yet been poorly investigated. This paper discusses various methods and measures currently used to assess different forms of social categorisations in animals, with special reference to rodents. Recent progress concerning the neurobiological bases involved in social recognition is also discussed. Finally, integrative perspectives for studying individual recognition in the context of social cognition is underlined in relation to different approaches investigating rodents' ability to use learned olfactory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gheusi
- Neurobiologie Intégrative, Inserm Unité 394, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France
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26
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Abstract
All social relationships are dependent on an organism's ability to remember conspecifics. Social memory may be a unique form of memory, critical for reproduction, territorial defense, and the establishment of dominance hierarchies in a natural context. In the laboratory, social memory can be assessed reliably by measuring the reduction in investigation of a familiar partner relative to novel conspecifics. The neurohypophyseal neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin have been shown to influence a number of forms of social behavior, including affiliation, aggression, and reproduction. This article reviews vasopressin and oxytocin effects on social cognition, particularly the acquisition and retention of social recognition in rats and mice. Studies in rats have demonstrated that vasopressin in specific neural pathways, such as the lateral septum, is necessary for social recognition. As vasopressin facilitates recall when given after an initial encounter, the peptide appears important for the consolidation not the acquisition of a social memory. Although oxytocin has complex effects on social memory in rats, mice with a null mutation of the oxytocin gene are completely socially amnestic without other cognitive deficits evident. As oxytocin given centrally before but not after the initial encounter restores social recognition in these mutant mice, the neuropeptide appears critical for the acquisition rather than the consolidation phase of memory. Oxytocin's effects on social memory are mediated via a discrete cell population in the medial amygdala. These findings support the hypothesis that vasopressin and oxytocin are essential for social memory, although they appear to influence different cognitive processes and may modulate different neural systems. (c) Elsevier Science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Ferguson
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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27
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Gasne M, Millot JL, Brand G, Math F. Intercorrelations among tests of lateralisation in the BALB/c mouse. Laterality 2001; 6:89-96. [PMID: 15513162 DOI: 10.1080/713754395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to examine the reliability of lateralised behaviours, BALB/c mice were tested in three different situations: the Collins paw preference test (PPT), the rotatory swimming test (RST), and the T maze test (TMT). The results showed a significant correlation between the scores of lateralisation in the PPT and the RST, but a lack of lateralisation in the TMT. Considering the tasks involved in these tests, these results appear to support the hypothesis of close links between lateralised behaviours, emotional processes, and neural pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gasne
- Université de Franche-Comté, France
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28
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Dluzen DE, Muraoka S, Engelmann M, Ebner K, Landgraf R. Oxytocin induces preservation of social recognition in male rats by activating alpha-adrenoceptors of the olfactory bulb. Eur J Neurosci 2000; 12:760-6. [PMID: 10712656 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this report, a series of four experiments was performed to evaluate the relationship between the olfactory bulb norepinephrine system and intra-olfactory bulb infusion of oxytocin in the preservation of social memory responses. The present data indicate that oxytocin exerts this preservation of social recognition through a specific, receptor-mediated mechanism within the olfactory bulb (experiment 1). The involvement of the olfactory bulb norepinephrine system is revealed by the demonstration that retrodialysis of oxytocin into the olfactory bulb increases norepinephrine release (experiment 4). Our data suggest that the increased output of olfactory bulb norepinephrine resulting from oxytocin appears to activate alpha-adrenoceptors to produce this preservation in recognition because infusions of clonidine into the olfactory bulb preserve recognition responses in a manner similar to that observed with oxytocin (experiment 2). In addition, a co-infusion of oxytocin with phentolamine abolishes recognition responses (experiment 3). Accordingly, this model affords the opportunity to study neuropeptide-catecholamine interactions, link these interactions with a specific behavioural outcome and identify a novel function/site of action for oxytocin in the male.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Dluzen
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
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29
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Dluzen DE, Muraoka S, Landgraf R. Olfactory bulb norepinephrine depletion abolishes vasopressin and oxytocin preservation of social recognition responses in rats. Neurosci Lett 1998; 254:161-4. [PMID: 10214982 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Male rats were implanted bilaterally with cannulae directed at the olfactory bulbs and infused with either vehicle or 6-OHDA to selectively deplete norepinephrine concentrations at this site. At 5-7 days following this treatment, these animals received a bilateral infusion of either arginine vasopressin (AVP) or oxytocin (OXT) through these same guide cannulae and were then tested for their capacity to maintain social recognition responses. Neither infusion of AVP nor OXT were able to preserve recognition responses in the animals treated with 6-OHDA. In contrast, comparably tested animals who received a vehicle infusion showed clear recognition responses following either the AVP or OXT infusion. These results suggest that this capacity for these neuropeptides to preserve social recognition responses is mediated through the norepinephrine system of the olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Dluzen
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
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30
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Dluzen DE, Muraoka S, Engelmann M, Landgraf R. The effects of infusion of arginine vasopressin, oxytocin, or their antagonists into the olfactory bulb upon social recognition responses in male rats. Peptides 1998; 19:999-1005. [PMID: 9700747 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(98)00047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the present report, the peptides arginine vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OXT) or their respective antagonists were infused bilaterally into the olfactory bulb to assess their effects upon recognition responses. Recognition responses were determined in a social discrimination paradigm and consisted of measuring the amount of investigation directed to either the same (previously exposed) or novel juvenile rats under conditions in which clear recognition responses are either present as tested with a 30 min inter-exposure interval or absent as tested with a 120 min inter-exposure interval. Infusion of AVP or OXT resulted in preserved recognition responses, as tested with a 120 min inter-exposure interval, compared with that observed in vehicle-infused controls. When animals were infused with the AVP or OXT antagonists using two different doses and tested for the display of recognition as tested with the 30 min inter-exposure interval, no effects of these antagonists were obtained with either dose. These results demonstrate that the olfactory bulb represents an additional important central nervous system target site where these peptides can act to preserve social recognition responses. Moreover, our results suggest that the underlying mechanisms by which peptides function within the olfactory bulb differ as a function of whether they are involved with the display versus preservation of recognition responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Dluzen
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
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Maaswinkel H, Baars AM, Gispen WH, Spruijt BM. Roles of the basolateral amygdala and hippocampus in social recognition in rats. Physiol Behav 1996; 60:55-63. [PMID: 8804643 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(95)02233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lesions of the amygdala or hippocampus have a large impact on social behavior of rats. In this study we investigated whether a social recognition test was also affected by those lesions. An NMDA-induced lesion of the basolateral amygdala did not impair the ability to distinguish a familiar from an unfamiliar juvenile rat. It was argued that the cortico-medial amygdala may be more important for social recognition than the basolateral amygdala. Fimbria-transected rats could no longer distinguish a familiar from an unfamiliar juvenile. Moreover, during all encounters they spent less time investigating the juvenile. The precise nature of this deficit, especially the reason for the overall reduced social investigation time, could not be specified with the classical procedure of the social recognition test.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Maaswinkel
- Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Besson C, Louilot A. Asymmetrical involvement of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons in affective perception. Neuroscience 1995; 68:963-8. [PMID: 8545002 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(95)00255-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological studies suggest that increases and decreases in dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens contribute to positive and negative affective states, respectively. In vivo neurochemical investigations have led to contradictory conclusions, since increases and decreases in dopamine release have been observed in aversive situations. Clinical and experimental observations argue for a hemispheric asymmetry in the processing of appetitive and aversive stimuli. Mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons are part of integrative networks which appear specifically organized in the right and left hemispheres. Dopaminergic neurons may thus be involved in affective processes but in a different manner in the two hemispheres. We tested this hypothesis in the nucleus accumbens of male rats using in vivo voltammetry and a conditioned aversion paradigm to an olfactory stimulus. We found that dopaminergic responses were similar in the two hemispheres following the initial encounter with the stimulus. After conditioning, however, dopaminergic responses to a naturally attractive olfactory stimulus were more elevated in the right nucleus accumbens and responses to an aversive stimulus more marked in the left nucleus. In addition, dopaminergic responses displayed an intraaccumbal regionalization, in particular opposite variations were obtained in the core and shell subterritories in response to the aversive situation. These results may provide new insights in the understanding of the relative contribution of the two hemispheres in affective perception in normal and psychopathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Besson
- INSERM U 259, Université de Bordeaux II, France
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Engelmann M, Wotjak CT, Landgraf R. Social discrimination procedure: an alternative method to investigate juvenile recognition abilities in rats. Physiol Behav 1995; 58:315-21. [PMID: 7568435 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(95)00053-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were performed to establish the social discrimination procedure as an alternative method to the widely used social recognition test for investigating short-term olfactory memory processes in rats. The time that 4-mo old male animals spent investigating conspecific juveniles was taken as an index of their juvenile recognition/discrimination abilities. When the same juvenile was reexposed to the adult 30 min after its initial exposure, it was investigated at a significantly lower intensity compared to a simultaneously presented novel juvenile. If the second exposure to the previously exposed juvenile occurred 2 h later, however, both juveniles were investigated equally, indicating an extinction of olfactory memory. The simultaneous presentation of the previously exposed juvenile and novel juvenile provides not only an internal control under identical experimental conditions (thus reducing the number of sessions for a given experimental series), but also the opportunity to separate specific (i.e., memory-related) from nonspecific (i.e., investigatory behavior-suppression) effects in pharmacological studies. Furthermore, the social discrimination procedure enables even in sexually naive adult male rats the detection of juvenile recognition abilities which seem to be masked in the social recognition test by sexual/aggressive behavior-motivated investigation. The method described here might be an attractive alternative to the conventional social recognition procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Engelmann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich, Germany
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Dantzer R, Bluthé RM. Vasopressin and behavior: from memory to olfaction. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1993; 45:121-5. [PMID: 8511333 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(93)90193-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Bluthé RM, Dantzer R. Role of the vomeronasal system in vasopressinergic modulation of social recognition in rats. Brain Res 1993; 604:205-10. [PMID: 8457849 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To assess the role of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in the dependence of social recognition on vasopressinergic transmission, vomerectomized rats were compared to intact and castrated male rats. Removal of the VNO significantly decreased the duration of social investigation and temporarily impaired social recognition. In contrast to sham-operated animals and non-operated animals, lesioned rats were no longer responsive to the blocking effect of the antagonist of the vasopressor receptors of vasopressin (dPTyr(Me)AVP, 30 micrograms/kg subcutaneously) on social recognition. Consequently, VNO-lesioned rats behave like castrates, in spite of the lack of effect of removal of the VNO on plasma testosterone levels. These results suggest that androgen-dependent vasopressinergic neurons are part of the VNO pathway and that the VNO system is important for processing and storage of socially relevant information in male rat.
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Bluthé RM, Dantzer R. Social recognition does not involve vasopressinergic neurotransmission in female rats. Brain Res 1990; 535:301-4. [PMID: 1963571 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91613-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Social recognition is the ability to recognize a previously investigated conspecific. This phenomenon has been shown to be modulated by androgen-dependent vasopressinergic transmission in intact but not in castrated male rats. The dependence of social recognition on vasopressinergic transmission was studied in female rats. In comparison to intact males, females showed less persistence in investigating juvenile conspecifics and held social memories for longer intervals. Social recognition was enhanced by peripheral injections of vasopressin (6 micrograms/kg) in both sexes. However, in contrast to what had been observed in males, social recognition in females was insensitive to the blocking effects of a vasopressor antagonist of vasopressin, dPTyr(Me)AVP (30 micrograms/kg, s.c.). These results suggest that social recognition is not mediated by vasopressinergic transmission in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Bluthé
- INRA-INSERM, Psychobiologie des Comportements adaptatifs, Bordeaux, France
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