1
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Single nucleotide polymorphism discrimination with and without an ethidium bromide intercalator. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 954:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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How do changes in the mtDNA and mitochondrial dysfunction influence cancer and cancer therapy? Challenges, opportunities and models. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 764:16-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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3
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Tabebi M, Mkaouar-Rebai E, Mnif M, Kallabi F, Ben Mahmoud A, Ben Saad W, Charfi N, Keskes-Ammar L, Kamoun H, Abid M, Fakhfakh F. A novel mutation MT-COIII m.9267G>C and MT-COI m.5913G>A mutation in mitochondrial genes in a Tunisian family with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) associated with severe nephropathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:353-60. [PMID: 25701779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diabetes (MD) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by a chronic hyperglycemia, maternal transmission and its association with a bilateral hearing impairment. Several studies reported mutations in mitochondrial genes as potentially pathogenic for diabetes, since mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation plays an important role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from beta cells. In the present report, we studied a Tunisian family with mitochondrial diabetes (MD) and deafness associated with nephropathy. The mutational analysis screening revealed the presence of a novel heteroplasmic mutation m.9276G>C in the mitochondrial COIII gene, detected in mtDNA extracted from leukocytes of a mother and her two daughters indicating that this mutation is maternally transmitted and suggest its implication in the observed phenotype. Bioinformatic tools showed that m.9267G>C mutation (p.A21P) is « deleterious » and it can modify the function and the stability of the MT-COIII protein by affecting the assembly of mitochondrial COX subunits and the translocation of protons then reducing the activity of the respective OXPHOS complexes of ATP synthesis. The nonsynonymous mutation (p.A21P) has not been reported before, it is the first mutation described in the COXIII gene which is related to insulin dependent mitochondrial diabetes and deafness and could be specific to the Tunisian population. The m.9267G>C mutation was present with a nonsynonymous inherited mitochondrial homoplasmic variation MT-COI m.5913 G>A (D4N) responsible of high blood pressure, a clinical feature detected in all explored patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Base Sequence
- Case-Control Studies
- Child, Preschool
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Deafness/complications
- Deafness/enzymology
- Deafness/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex IV/chemistry
- Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics
- Female
- Genes, Mitochondrial
- Humans
- Hypertension/complications
- Hypertension/enzymology
- Hypertension/genetics
- Kidney Diseases/complications
- Kidney Diseases/enzymology
- Kidney Diseases/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondrial Diseases
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation, Missense
- Pedigree
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tunisia
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Tabebi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Emna Mkaouar-Rebai
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Mnif
- Service d'endocrinologie, C.H.U. Habib Bourguiba de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fakhri Kallabi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Afif Ben Mahmoud
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Ben Saad
- Service d'endocrinologie, C.H.U. Habib Bourguiba de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Charfi
- Service d'endocrinologie, C.H.U. Habib Bourguiba de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Leila Keskes-Ammar
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Kamoun
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Abid
- Service d'endocrinologie, C.H.U. Habib Bourguiba de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faiza Fakhfakh
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia.
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4
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Taylor RW, Chinnery PF, Turnbull DM. Investigation of metabolic myopathies. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2007; 86:193-204. [PMID: 18809001 DOI: 10.1016/s0072-9752(07)86009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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5
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Moraes CT, Atencio DP, Oca-Cossio J, Diaz F. Techniques and pitfalls in the detection of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations. J Mol Diagn 2004; 5:197-208. [PMID: 14573777 PMCID: PMC1907336 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-1578(10)60474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are now recognized as major contributors to human pathologies and possibly to normal aging. A large number of rearrangements and point mutations in protein coding and tRNA genes have been identified in patients with mitochondrial disorders. In this review, we discuss genotype-phenotype correlations in mitochondrial diseases and common techniques used to identify pathogenic mtDNA mutations in human tissues. Although most of these approaches employ standard molecular biology tools, the co-existence of wild-type and mutated mtDNA (mtDNA heteroplasmy) in diseased tissues complicates both the detection and accurate determination of the size of the mutated fractions. To address these problems, novel approaches were developed and are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
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Armour JAL, Barton DE, Cockburn DJ, Taylor GR. The detection of large deletions or duplications in genomic DNA. Hum Mutat 2002; 20:325-37. [PMID: 12402329 DOI: 10.1002/humu.10133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While methods for the detection of point mutations and small insertions or deletions in genomic DNA are well established, the detection of larger (>100 bp) genomic duplications or deletions can be more difficult. Most mutation scanning methods use PCR as a first step, but the subsequent analyses are usually qualitative rather than quantitative. Gene dosage methods based on PCR need to be quantitative (i.e., they should report molar quantities of starting material) or semi-quantitative (i.e., they should report gene dosage relative to an internal standard). Without some sort of quantitation, heterozygous deletions and duplications may be overlooked and therefore be under-ascertained. Gene dosage methods provide the additional benefit of reporting allele drop-out in the PCR. This could impact on SNP surveys, where large-scale genotyping may miss null alleles. Here we review recent developments in techniques for the detection of this type of mutation and compare their relative strengths and weaknesses. We emphasize that comprehensive mutation analysis should include scanning for large insertions and deletions and duplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A L Armour
- Institute of Genetics, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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7
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He L, Chinnery PF, Durham SE, Blakely EL, Wardell TM, Borthwick GM, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM. Detection and quantification of mitochondrial DNA deletions in individual cells by real-time PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30:e68. [PMID: 12136116 PMCID: PMC135769 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gnf067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2002] [Revised: 05/20/2002] [Accepted: 05/20/2002] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are an important cause of disease and play a role in the ageing process. There are multiple copies of the mitochondrial genome in a single cell. In many patients with acquired or inherited mtDNA mutations, there exists a mixture of mutated and wild type genomes (termed heteroplasmy) within individual cells. As a biochemical and clinical defect is only observed when there are high levels of mutated mtDNA, a crucial investigation is to determine the level of heteroplasmic mutations within tissues and individual cells. We have developed an assay to determine the relative amount of deleted mtDNA using real-time fluorescence PCR. This assay detects the vast majority of deleted molecules, thus eliminating the need to develop specific probes. We have demonstrated an excellent correlation with other techniques (Southern blotting and three- primer competitive PCR), and have shown this technique to be sensitive to quantify the level of deleted mtDNA molecules in individual cells. Finally, we have used this assay to investigate patients with mitochondrial disease and shown in individual skeletal muscle fibres that there exist different patterns of abnormalities between patients with single or multiple mtDNA deletions. We believe that this technique has significant advantages over other methods to quantify deleted mtDNA and, employed alongside our method to sequence the mitochondrial genome from single cells, will further our understanding of the role of mtDNA mutations in human disease and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langping He
- Department of Neurology, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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8
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Gu G, Reyes PE, Golden GT, Woltjer RL, Hulette C, Montine TJ, Zhang J. Mitochondrial DNA deletions/rearrangements in parkinson disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2002; 61:634-9. [PMID: 12125742 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/61.7.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain function may contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra (SN) of patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Since large-scale structural changes (e.g. deletions and rearrangements in mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA]) have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, we tested the hypothesis that increased total mtDNA deletions/rearrangements are associated with neurodegeneration in PD. This study employed a well-established technique, long-extension polymerase chain reaction (LX-PCR), to detect the multiple mtDNA deletions/rearrangements in the SN of patients with PD, multiple system atrophy (MSA), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Alzheimer disease (AD), and age-matched controls. We also compared the total mtDNA deletions/rearrangements in different brain regions of PD patients. The results demonstrated that both the number and variety of mtDNA deletions/rearrangements were selectively increased in the SN of PD patients compared to patients with other movement disorders as well as patients with AD and age-matched controls. In addition, increased mtDNA deletions/rearrangements were observed in other brain regions in PD patients, indicating that mitochondrial dysfunction is not just limited to the SN of PD patients. These data suggest that accumulation of total mtDNA deletions/rearrangements is a relatively specific characteristic of PD and may be one of the contributing factors leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Gu
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2561, USA
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9
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Chapter 3 Molecular Genetic Basis of the Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1877-3419(09)70062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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10
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Barthélémy C, Ogier De Baulny H, Diaz J, Armelle Cheval M, Frachon P, Romero N, Goutieres F, Fardeau M, Lombès A. Late-onset mitochondrial DNA depletion: DNA copy number, multiple deletions, and compensation. Ann Neurol 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Lewis PD, Baxter P, Paul Griffiths A, Parry JM, Skibinski DO. Detection of damage to the mitochondrial genome in the oncocytic cells of Warthin's tumour. J Pathol 2000; 191:274-81. [PMID: 10878549 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::aid-path634>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Warthin's tumour of the salivary glands is composed of oncocytic cells containing excessive numbers of mitochondria which show frequent structural abnormalities and reduced metabolic function. Recent evidence of a strong association between cigarette smoking and the occurrence of Warthin's tumour prompted this study, to look for evidence of damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that could be the result of an increase in oxidative stress; two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was developed to show the distribution of mitochondria with deleted mtDNA in paraffin wax-embedded material. Approximately 10% of mtDNA bears the 'common' 4977 bp deletion. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the 4977 bp deletion was further quantified, in Warthin's tumour and age-matched normal parotid control tissue. Whilst the deletion was present in all parotid tissue, its presence was significantly higher in oncocytic tumour cells. In a small number of controls, there was a trend towards higher concentrations of the deletion in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Lewis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Swansea, UK.
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12
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Fromenty B, Demeilliers C, Mansouri A, Pessayre D. Escherichia coli exonuclease III enhances long PCR amplification of damaged DNA templates. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:E50. [PMID: 10871349 PMCID: PMC102635 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.11.e50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent development of the long PCR technology has provided an invaluable tool in many areas of molecular biology. However, long PCR amplification fails whenever the DNA template is imperfectly preserved. We report that Escherichia coli exonuclease III, a major repair enzyme in bacteria, strikingly improves the long PCR amplification of damaged DNA templates. Escherichia coli exonuclease III permitted or improved long PCR amplification with DNA samples submitted to different in vitro treatments known to induce DNA strand breaks and/or apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, including high temperature (99 degrees C), depurination at low pH and near-UV radiation. Exonuclease III also permitted or improved amplification with DNA samples that had been isolated several years ago by the phenol/chloroform method. Amelioration of long PCR amplification was achieved for PCR products ranging in size from 5 to 15.4 kb and with DNA target sequences located either within mitochondrial DNA or the nuclear genome. Exonuclease III increased the amplification of damaged templates using either rTth DNA polymerase alone or rTth plus Vent DNA polymerases or TAQ: plus PWO: DNA polymerases. However, exonuclease III could not improve PCR amplification from extensively damaged DNA samples. In conclusion, supplementation of long PCR mixes with E.COLI: exonuclease III may represent a major technical advance whenever DNA samples have been partly damaged during isolation or subsequent storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fromenty
- INSERM Unité 481 and Centre de Recherches sur les Hépatites Virales de l'Association Claude Bernard, Hôpital Beaujon, 92118 Clichy, France.
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13
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Melov S, Schneider JA, Coskun PE, Bennett DA, Wallace DC. Mitochondrial DNA rearrangements in aging human brain and in situ PCR of mtDNA. Neurobiol Aging 1999; 20:565-71. [PMID: 10638530 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(99)00092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Deletions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been shown to accumulate with age in a variety of species regardless of mean or maximal life span. This implies that such mutations are either a molecular biomarker of senescence or that they are more causally linked to senescence itself. One assay that can be used to detect these mtDNA mutations is the long-extension polymerase chain reaction assay. This assay amplifies approximately 16 kb of the mtDNA in mammalian mitochondria and preferentially amplifies mtDNAs that are either deleted or duplicated. We have applied this assay to the aging human brain and found a heterogeneous array of rearranged mtDNAs. In addition, we have developed in situ polymerase chain reaction to detect mtDNA within individual cells of both the mouse and the human brain as a first step in identifying and enumerating cells containing mutant mtDNAs in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Melov
- Center For Molecular Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a sporadic multisystem disorder due to rearrangements in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). To gain further insight into the pathogenesis of cerebellar dysfunction in KSS, antibodies against synaptophysin (SY) were used to identify presynaptic terminals and antibodies to calbindin D (CB) to identify Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and in the dentate nucleus from two autopsied cases of KSS. By conventional neuropathology we found marked spongiform degeneration and by immunohistochemistry a disruption of presynaptic terminals and of the terminal arborizations of Purkinje cell axons on multipolar neurons of the dentate nucleus in the KSS patients. We suggest that a disconnection of Purkinje cells at the dentate nucleus may play a role in the pathogenesis of cerebellar ataxia in KSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tanji
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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15
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Tanji K, Vu TH, Schon EA, DiMauro S, Bonilla E. Kearns-Sayre syndrome: unusual pattern of expression of subunits of the respiratory chain in the cerebellar system. Ann Neurol 1999; 45:377-83. [PMID: 10072053 DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(199903)45:3<377::aid-ana14>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a sporadic multisystem disorder of oxidative phosphorylation associated with clonally expanded rearrangements of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mitochondrial dysfunction in the central nervous system of patients with KSS accounts for the neurological manifestations of the disease. To gain further insight into the pathogenesis of neuronal dysfunction in KSS, we used antibodies against mtDNA-encoded and nuclear DNA-encoded subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain to study the expression of these proteins in the cerebellar cortex, dentate nucleus, and inferior olivary nucleus from 2 autoptic cases of KSS. Neuropathological examination showed a moderate loss of Purkinje cells and spongiform degeneration of the cerebellar white matter. By using immunohistochemistry, we found a decreased expression of mtDNA-encoded proteins only in neurons of the dentate nucleus. We suggest that mitochondrial abnormalities in the dentate nucleus in conjunction with loss of Purkinje cells and spongiform degeneration of the cerebellar white matter may be important factors in the genesis of the cerebellar dysfunction in KSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tanji
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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16
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Coulter-Mackie MB, Applegarth DA, Toone JR, Gagnier L. A protocol for detection of mitochondrial DNA deletions: characterization of a novel deletion. Clin Biochem 1998; 31:627-32. [PMID: 9876894 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(98)00074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a protocol capable of identifying deletions in mitochondrial DNA and use it to identify the breakpoints of a mtDNA deletion in a patient with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO). DESIGN AND METHODS Deletions in mtDNA were identified by a combination of long range PCR and Southern blotting. The precise breakpoints were determined by automated DNA sequencing. RESULTS A series of DNA samples from patients with suspected mitochondrial disease was subjected to a protocol, which combines long range PCR and Southern blotting. We found a unique deletion in a patient with CPEO and we identified the precise location of this deletion through DNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Long range PCR has the advantages of speed, minimal samples requirements, and sensitivity. Southern blotting is better able to evaluate heteroplasmy and detect duplications. We suggest a protocol that enables us to identify precisely the breakpoints in a unique mutation of mtDNA in a patient with CPEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Coulter-Mackie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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17
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Martin Negrier ML, Coquet M, Moretto BT, Lacut JY, Dupon M, Bloch B, Lestienne P, Vital C. Partial triplication of mtDNA in maternally transmitted diabetes mellitus and deafness. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63:1227-32. [PMID: 9758603 PMCID: PMC1377478 DOI: 10.1086/302045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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18
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Hirano M, Shtilbans A, Mayeux R, Davidson MM, DiMauro S, Knowles JA, Schon EA. Apparent mtDNA heteroplasmy in Alzheimer's disease patients and in normals due to PCR amplification of nucleus-embedded mtDNA pseudogenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:14894-9. [PMID: 9405710 PMCID: PMC25134 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/1997] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In an unprecedented finding, Davis et al. [Davis, R. E., Miller, S., Herrnstadt, C., Ghosh, S. S., Fahy, E., Shinobu, L. A., Galasko, D., Thal, L. J., Beal, M. F., Howell, N. & Parker, W. D., Jr. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 4526-4531] used an unusual DNA isolation method to show that healthy adults harbor a specific population of mutated mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) genes that coexist with normal mtDNAs. They reported that this heteroplasmic population was present at a level of 10-15% in the blood of normal individuals and at a significantly higher level (20-30%) in patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease. We provide compelling evidence that the DNA isolation method employed resulted in the coamplification of authentic mtDNA-encoded COX genes together with highly similar COX-like sequences embedded in nuclear DNA ("mtDNA pseudogenes"). We conclude that the observed heteroplasmy is an artifact.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hirano
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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19
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Fromenty B, Carrozzo R, Shanske S, Schon EA. High proportions of mtDNA duplications in patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome occur in the heart. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1997; 71:443-52. [PMID: 9286453 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19970905)71:4<443::aid-ajmg14>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a sporadic multisystem mitochondrial disorder characterized by progressive external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy, onset before age 20, and severe cardiac conduction defects that can lead to death. KSS patients harbor partial deletions of mitochondrial DNA (delta-mtDNA), sometimes associated with the corresponding mtDNA duplication (dup-mtDNA). As reports on the distribution of dup-mtDNAs among KSS tissues are scarce, we searched for the presence of dup-mtDNAs in different autopsy tissues of two such patients, one of whom carried the so-called "common deletion." Using a newly developed long polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol in conjunction with Southern blot analyses, we found dup-mtDNAs in most of the examined tissues from both patients. The proportion of dup-mtDNA in these tissues was much lower than the proportion of delta-mtDNA, with one notable exception: in both patients, we found an unusually high level of dup-mtDNA in the heart. These data suggest that dup-mtDNAs may be more stable in heart tissue of KSS patients than in other long-lived postmitotic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fromenty
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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20
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Abstract
Approximately there years ago, this journal published a review on the clinical and molecular analysis of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, with emphasis on defects in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). At the time, approximately 30 point mutations associated with a variety of maternally-inherited (or rarely, sporadic) disorders had been described. Since that time, almost twenty new pathogenic mtDNA point mutations have been described, and the pace of discovery of such mutations shows no signs of abating. This accumulating body of data has begun to reveal some patterns that may be relevant to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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21
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Fromenty B, Berson A, Pessayre D. Microvesicular steatosis and steatohepatitis: role of mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid peroxidation. J Hepatol 1997; 26 Suppl 1:13-22. [PMID: 9138124 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(97)82328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Fromenty
- INSERM Unité 24, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
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