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Dassié EP, Gourves PY, Cipolloni O, Pascal PY, Baudrimont M. First assessment of Atlantic open ocean Sargassum spp. metal and metalloid concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17606-17616. [PMID: 34671906 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, increasing proliferations of Atlantic Sargassum populations have led to massive beaching with disastrous environmental consequences. This study is a preliminary assessment of open ocean Sargassum spp. element concentration to assess their potential contribution on coastal ecosystems. Sargassum spp. samples from seven sites, collected along a transect from the center of the Atlantic Ocean to near the coast of Martinique (French West Indies), were analyzed to determine their potential metal and metalloid enrichment. Mean element concentrations from the Sargassum spp. samples were ranked in the following descending order: As > Fe > Mn > Al > Zn > V > Ni > Cu > Cr > Cd > Hg. Element concentrations are relatively low compared to previous results of beached Sargassum spp. except for As that need to be carefully considered before reusing Sargassum spp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Océanne Cipolloni
- UMR7205: Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB, UMR 7205, Université Des Antilles, Équipe Biologie de la mangrove, UFR SEN, 97100, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Pascal
- UMR7205: Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB, UMR 7205, Université Des Antilles, Équipe Biologie de la mangrove, UFR SEN, 97100, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
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2
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Gupta PK, Vaswani S, Kumar V, Roy D, Kumar M, Kushwaha R, Kumar A, Shukla A. Investigations on Modulating Effect of Vanadium Supplementation on Growth and Metabolism Through Improved Immune Response, Antioxidative Profile and Endocrine Variables in Hariana heifers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:379-389. [PMID: 31273682 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vanadium (V) supplementation on growth, metabolism, antioxidant, and immunological and endocrine variables in Hariana heifers. Eighteen indigenous Hariana heifers (body weight 130.0 ± 3.0 kg; age 10.0 ± 2.0 months) were randomly blocked into three groups, each comprising of six animals. All the animals were on same dietary plan except that the respective groups were additionally supplemented with 0.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg of V/kg dry matter (DM), during the experimental period of 90 days. There was a linear increase (p < 0.05) in mean DMI and ADG in 5.0 mg of V/kg DM-supplemented group. However, the feed efficiency remained unaffected. Although no effects (p > 0.05) of V supplementation were observed on hemato-biochemical attributes, the mean plasma V concentration showed dose-dependent increase (p < 0.001) on V supplementation. The activity of SOD was significantly higher (p < 0.001), whereas mean values of LPO decreased linearly (p < 0.05) in V-supplemented groups. Plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) also increased linearly (p < 0.05) in V-supplemented groups. Plasma IgG levels increased linearly (p < 0.05). Plasma IGF-1 concentrations showed significant effect (p < 0.05) of V supplementation. Plasma T4 concentration increased linearly (p < 0.05). The results suggest that V supplementation may play a role in modulating the immunity and antioxidant status of growing Hariana heifers. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Gupta
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | - Shalini Vaswani
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | - Debashis Roy
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India
| | - Muneendra Kumar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | - Raju Kushwaha
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | - Amit Shukla
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, India
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Leri AC, Dunigan MR, Wenrich RL, Ravel B. Particulate organohalogens in edible brown seaweeds. Food Chem 2019; 272:126-132. [PMID: 30309522 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brown algae, rich in antioxidants and other bioactive compounds, are important dietary seaweeds in many cultures. Like other marine macroalgae, brown seaweeds are known to accumulate the halogens iodine and bromine. Comparatively little is known about the chemistry of chlorine in seaweeds. We used synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy to measure total non-volatile organochlorine and -bromine in five edible brown seaweeds: Laminaria digitata, Fucus vesiculosus, Pelvetia canaliculata, Saccharina latissima, and Undaria pinnatifida. Organochlorine concentrations range from 120 to 630 mg·kg-1 dry weight and organobromine from 150 to 360 mg·kg-1, comprising mainly aromatic organohalogens in both cases. Aliphatic organochlorine exceeds aliphatic organobromine but is positively correlated with it among the seaweeds. Higher organochlorine levels appear in samples with more lipid moieties, suggesting lipid chlorination as a possible formation pathway. Particulate organohalogens are not correlated with antioxidant activity or polyphenolic content in seaweed extracts. Such compounds likely contribute to organohalogen body burden in humans and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Leri
- Department of Natural Sciences, Marymount Manhattan College, 221 E 71st St., New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Marisa R Dunigan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Marymount Manhattan College, 221 E 71st St., New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Rosie L Wenrich
- Department of Natural Sciences, Marymount Manhattan College, 221 E 71st St., New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Bruce Ravel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive MS 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Punitha T, Phang SM, Juan JC, Beardall J. Environmental Control of Vanadium Haloperoxidases and Halocarbon Emissions in Macroalgae. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:282-303. [PMID: 29691674 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases (V-HPO), able to catalyze the reaction of halide ions (Cl-, Br-, I-) with hydrogen peroxide, have a great influence on the production of halocarbons, which in turn are involved in atmospheric ozone destruction and global warming. The production of these haloperoxidases in macroalgae is influenced by changes in the surrounding environment. The first reported vanadium bromoperoxidase was discovered 40 years ago in the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum. Since that discovery, more studies have been conducted on the structure and mechanism of the enzyme, mainly focused on three types of V-HPO, the chloro- and bromoperoxidases and, more recently, the iodoperoxidase. Since aspects of environmental regulation of haloperoxidases are less well known, the present paper will focus on reviewing the factors which influence the production of these enzymes in macroalgae, particularly their interactions with reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thillai Punitha
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Moi Phang
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Joon Ching Juan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Level 3, IPS Building, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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Wever R, Krenn BE, Renirie R. Marine Vanadium-Dependent Haloperoxidases, Their Isolation, Characterization, and Application. Methods Enzymol 2018; 605:141-201. [PMID: 29909824 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases in seaweeds, cyanobacteria, fungi, and possibly phytoplankton play an important role in the release of halogenated volatile compounds in the environment. These halocarbons have effects on atmospheric chemistry since they cause ozone depletion. In this chapter, a survey is given of the different sources of these enzymes, some of their properties, the various methods to isolate them, and the bottlenecks in purification. The assays to detect and quantify haloperoxidase activity are described as well as their kinetic properties. Several practical tips and pitfalls are given which have not yet been published explicitly. Recent developments in research on structure and function of these enzymes are reviewed. Finally, the application of vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases in the biosynthesis of brominated and other compounds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Wever
- University of Amsterdam, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bea E Krenn
- University of Amsterdam, Innovation Exchange Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rokus Renirie
- University of Amsterdam, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pal RP, Mani V, Tripathi D, Kumar R, Kewalramani NJ. Influence of Feeding Inorganic Vanadium on Growth Performance, Endocrine Variables and Biomarkers of Bone Health in Crossbred Calves. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:248-256. [PMID: 28735384 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional essentialities of transition element vanadium (V) as micro-nutrient in farm animals have not yet been established, though in rat model, vanadium as vanadate has been reported to exert insulin-mimetic effect and shown to be needed for proper development of bones. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of V supplementation on growth performance, plasma hormones and bone health status in calves. Twenty-four crossbred calves (body weight 72.83 ± 2.5 kg; age 3-9 months) were blocked in four groups and randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 6) on body weight and age basis. Experimental animals were kept on similar feeding regimen except that different groups were supplemented with either 0, 3, 6 or 9 ppm inorganic V/kg DM. Effect of supplementation during 150-day experimental period was observed on feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency, body measures, endocrine variables, plasma glucose and biomarkers of bone health status. Supplementation of V did not change average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency and body measures during the experimental period. During the post-V supplementation period plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) concentrations were increased and observed highest in 9 mg V/kg DM fed calves; however, levels of insulin, glucose, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin hormones remained similar among calves fed on basal or V-supplemented diets. Bone alkaline phosphatase (Bone-ALP) concentration was increased (P < 0.05); however, plasma protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) level decreased (P < 0.05) in 6 and 9 mg V/kg DM supplemented groups. Plasma hydroxyproline (Hyp) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) concentration were unchanged by V supplementation. Blood V concentration showed positive correlation with supplemental V levels. These results suggest that V may play a role in modulation of the action of certain endocrine variables and biomarkers of bone health status in growing crossbred calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Prakash Pal
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Veena Mani
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India.
| | - Deepika Tripathi
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Neelam J Kewalramani
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
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7
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Wang FM. Mononuclear oxovanadium(Iv) complex containing VO(ONS) basic core: Synthesis, structure, thermal gravimetric analysis, and catalytic property. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2017.1284125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Functional Materials in Universities of Shandong, Department of Chemistry, Dezhou University, Dezhou Shandong, P. R. China
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8
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Racionero-Gómez B, Sproson AD, Selby D, Gröcke DR, Redden H, Greenwell HC. Rhenium uptake and distribution in phaeophyceae macroalgae, Fucus vesiculosus. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160161. [PMID: 27293798 PMCID: PMC4892460 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Owing to Rhenium (Re) having no known biological role, it is not fully understood how Re is concentrated in oil kerogens. A commonly held assumption is that Re is incorporated into decomposing biomass under reducing conditions. However, living macroalgae also concentrate Re to several orders of magnitude greater than that of seawater. This study uses Fucus vesiculosus to assess Re uptake and its subsequent localization in the biomass. It is demonstrated that the Re abundance varies within the macroalgae and that Re is not located in one specific structure. In F. vesiculosus, the uptake and tolerance of Re was evaluated via tip cultures grown in seawater of different Re(VII) compound concentrations (0-7450 ng g(-1)). A positive correlation is shown between the concentration of Re-doped seawater and the abundance of Re accumulated in the tips. However, significant differences between Re(VII) compounds are observed. Although the specific cell structures where the Re is localized is not known, our findings suggest that Re is not held within chloroplasts or cytoplasmic proteins. In addition, metabolically inactivated F. vesiculosus does not accumulate Re, which indicates that Re uptake is via syn-life bioadsorption/bioaccumulation and that macroalgae may provide a source for Re phytomining and/or bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Racionero-Gómez
- Department of Earth Sciences , Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE , UK
| | - A D Sproson
- Department of Earth Sciences , Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE , UK
| | - D Selby
- Department of Earth Sciences , Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE , UK
| | - D R Gröcke
- Department of Earth Sciences , Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE , UK
| | - H Redden
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - H C Greenwell
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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9
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Leblanc C, Vilter H, Fournier JB, Delage L, Potin P, Rebuffet E, Michel G, Solari P, Feiters M, Czjzek M. Vanadium haloperoxidases: From the discovery 30 years ago to X-ray crystallographic and V K-edge absorption spectroscopic studies. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Wever R, van der Horst MA. The role of vanadium haloperoxidases in the formation of volatile brominated compounds and their impact on the environment. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:11778-86. [PMID: 23657250 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium haloperoxidases differ strongly from heme peroxidases in substrate specificity and stability and in contrast to a heme group they contain the bare metal oxide vanadate as a prosthetic group. These enzymes specifically oxidize halides in the presence of hydrogen peroxide into hypohalous acids. These reactive halogen intermediates will react rapidly and aspecifically with many organic molecules. Marine algae and diatoms containing these iodo- and bromoperoxidases produce short-lived brominated methanes (bromoform, CHBr3 and dibromomethane CH2Br2) or iodinated compounds. Some seas and oceans are supersaturated with these compounds and they form an important source of bromine to the troposphere and lower stratosphere and contribute significantly to the global budget of halogenated hydrocarbons. This perspective focuses, in particular, on the biosynthesis of these volatile compounds and the direct or indirect involvement of vanadium haloperoxidases in the production of huge amounts of bromoform and dibromomethane. Some of the global sources are discussed and from the literature a picture emerges in which oxidized brominated species generated by phytoplankton, seaweeds and cyanobacteria react with dissolved organic matter in seawater, resulting in the formation of intermediate brominated compounds. These compounds are unstable and decay via a haloform reaction to form an array of volatile brominated compounds of which bromoform is the major component followed by dibromomethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Wever
- University of Amsterdam, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wischang D, Radlow M, Hartung J. Vanadate-dependent bromoperoxidases from Ascophyllum nodosum in the synthesis of brominated phenols and pyrroles. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:11926-40. [PMID: 23881071 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51582f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Bromoperoxidases from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum, abbreviated as V(Br)PO(AnI) and V(Br)PO(AnII), show 41% sequence homology and differ by a factor of two in the percentage of α-helical secondary structures. Protein monomers organize into homodimers for V(Br)PO(AnI) and hexamers for V(Br)PO(AnII). Bromoperoxidase II binds hydrogen peroxide and bromide by approximately one order of magnitude stronger than V(Br)PO(AnI). In oxidation catalysis, bromoperoxidases I and II turn over hydrogen peroxide and bromide similarly fast, yielding in morpholine-4-ethanesulfonic acid (MES)-buffered aqueous tert-butanol (pH 6.2) molecular bromine as reagent for electrophilic hydrocarbon bromination. Alternative compounds, such as tribromide and hypobromous acid are not sufficiently electrophilic for being directly involved in carbon-bromine bond formation. A decrease in electrophilicity from bromine via hypobromous acid to tribromide correlates in a frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis with larger energy gaps between the π-type HOMO of, for example, an alkene and the σ*(Br,X)-type LUMO of the bromination reagent. By using this approach, the reactivity of substrates and selectivity for carbon-bromine bond formation in reactions mediated by vanadate-dependent bromoperoxidases become predictable, as exemplified by the synthesis of bromopyrroles occurring naturally in marine sponges of the genera Agelas, Acanthella, and Axinella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Wischang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Stoiber TL, Shafer MM, Armstrong DE. Induction of reactive oxygen species in chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to contrasting trace metal exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:516-523. [PMID: 21786384 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of metals to organisms is, in-part, related to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and subsequent oxidative stress. ROS are by-products of normal respiration and photosynthesis processes in organisms, but environmental factors, like metal exposure, can stimulate excess production. Metals involved in several different mechanisms such as Haber-Weiss cycling and Fenton-type reactions can produce ROS. Some metals, such as Cd, may contribute to oxidative stress indirectly by depleting cellular antioxidants. We investigated the measurement of ROS as a sensitive biomarker of metal toxicity (that could possibly be implemented in a biotic ligand model for algae) and we compared ROS induction in response to several contrasting transition metals (Cu, V, Ni, Zn, and Cd). We also compared the ROS response to glutathione and growth toxicity endpoints measured in a previous study. The cell-permeable dye, 2'7'dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, was used as a probe to detect formation of ROS in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. Metal-exposed cells were incubated with the fluorescent dye in a 96-well plate and monitored over 5.5 h. A dose-response of ROS formation was observed with Cu exposure in the range of 20-500 nM. Cu produced more ROS compared with either Zn or Cd (both nonredox active metals). The redox-active metal V produced increased ROS with increased concentration. The measurement of ROS may be a useful indicator of Cu toxicity, but the signal to noise ratio was better for the glutathione endpoint assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha L Stoiber
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Eshtiagh-Hosseini H, Chahkandi M, Housaindokht MR, Mirzaei M. Bromide oxidation mechanism by vanadium bromoperoxidase functional models with new tripodal amine ligands: A comprehensive theoretical calculations study. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Baharum H, Chu WC, Teo SS, Ng KY, Rahim RA, Ho CL. Molecular cloning, homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis of vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidase (GcVBPO1) from Gracilaria changii (Rhodophyta). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 92:49-59. [PMID: 23684235 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases belong to a class of vanadium enzymes that may have potential industrial and pharmaceutical applications due to their high stability. In this study, the 5'-flanking genomic sequence and complete reading frame encoding vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidase (GcVBPO1) was cloned from the red seaweed, Fracilaria changii, and the recombinant protein was biochemically characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence of GcVBPO1 is 1818 nucleotides in length, sharing 49% identity with the vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidases from Corralina officinalis and Cor. pilulifera, respectively. The amino acid residues associated with the binding site of vanadate cofactor were found to be conserved. The Km value of recombinant GcVBPO1 for Br(-) was 4.69 mM, while its Vmax was 10.61 μkat mg(-1) at pH 7. Substitution of Arg(379) with His(379) in the recombinant protein caused a lower affinity for Br(-), while substitution of Arg(379) with Phe(379) not only increased its affinity for Br(-) but also enabled the mutant enzyme to oxidize Cl(-). The mutant Arg(379)Phe was also found to have a lower affinity for I(-), as compared to the wild-type GcVBPO1 and mutant Arg(379)His. In addition, the Arg(379)Phe mutant has a slightly higher affinity for H2O2 compared to the wild-type GcVBPO1. Multiple cis-acting regulatory elements associated with light response, hormone signaling, and meristem expression were detected at the 5'-flanking genomic sequence of GcVBPO1. The transcript abundance of GcVBPO1 was relatively higher in seaweed samples treated with 50 parts per thousand (ppt) artificial seawater (ASW) compared to those treated in 10 and 30 ppt ASW, in support of its role in the abiotic stress response of seaweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Baharum
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Nicolai M, Gonçalves G, Natalio F, Humanes M. Biocatalytic formation of synthetic melanin: the role of vanadium haloperoxidases, L-DOPA and iodide. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:887-93. [PMID: 21507323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The vanadium haloperoxidase (V-HPO) enzyme, extracted from the brown alga Laminaria saccharina, is able to catalyze the formation of a black precipitate, using as precursor the amino acid L-dopa in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and iodide, in one-pot synthesis. The L-dopa oxidation is a multistep reaction with a crucial role played by the iodide in the enzyme catalyzed peroxidative production of dopachrome, a well known intermediate in the synthesis of melanin. Dopachrome is then converted to a synthetic form of melanin through a polymerization reaction. Factors, such as buffer composition and pH, influence significantly the reaction first steps, but further steps of melanin production are hardly influenced. The biosynthetic melanin produced through the combination V-HPO/I/H(2)O(2), was characterized by several spectroscopic techniques (UV-vis and FT-IR) as well as XRD. Moreover, this biopolymer is light sensitive, decomposing into oligo- and monomeric units. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging showed different morphologies when compared with commercial available melanin. The biosynthetic production of melanin can have a wide range of applications from photosensitive cells to biomedicine with the advantage of being produced under eco-friendly and mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Nicolai
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica do Departamento de Química e Bioquímica da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
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16
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Paul C, Pohnert G. Production and role of volatile halogenated compounds from marine algae. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 28:186-95. [PMID: 21125112 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Paul
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Department for Bioorganic Analytics, Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
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18
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Winter JM, Moore BS. Exploring the chemistry and biology of vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:18577-81. [PMID: 19363038 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r109.001602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature has developed an exquisite array of methods to introduce halogen atoms into organic compounds. Most of these enzymes are oxidative and require either hydrogen peroxide or molecular oxygen as a cosubstrate to generate a reactive halogen atom for catalysis. Vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases contain a vanadate prosthetic group and utilize hydrogen peroxide to oxidize a halide ion into a reactive electrophilic intermediate. These metalloenzymes have a large distribution in nature, where they are present in macroalgae, fungi, and bacteria, but have been exclusively characterized in eukaryotes. In this minireview, we highlight the chemistry and biology of vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases from fungi and marine algae and the emergence of new bacterial members that extend the biological function of these poorly understood halogenating enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Winter
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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19
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Geethalakshmi KR, Waller MP, Thiel W, Bühl M. 51V NMR Chemical Shifts Calculated from QM/MM Models of Peroxo Forms of Vanadium Haloperoxidases. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:4456-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8109308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Geethalakshmi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Mark P. Waller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Michael Bühl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
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Hydrogen peroxide-dependent uptake of iodine by marine Flavobacteriaceae bacterium strain C-21. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:7536-41. [PMID: 17933915 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01592-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cells of the marine bacterium strain C-21, which is phylogenetically closely related to Arenibacter troitsensis, accumulate iodine in the presence of glucose and iodide (I-). In this study, the detailed mechanism of iodine uptake by C-21 was determined using a radioactive iodide tracer, 125I-. In addition to glucose, oxygen and calcium ions were also required for the uptake of iodine. The uptake was not inhibited or was only partially inhibited by various metabolic inhibitors, whereas reducing agents and catalase strongly inhibited the uptake. When exogenous glucose oxidase was added to the cell suspension, enhanced uptake of iodine was observed. The uptake occurred even in the absence of glucose and oxygen if hydrogen peroxide was added to the cell suspension. Significant activity of glucose oxidase was found in the crude extracts of C-21, and it was located mainly in the membrane fraction. These findings indicate that hydrogen peroxide produced by glucose oxidase plays a key role in the uptake of iodine. Furthermore, enzymatic oxidation of iodide strongly stimulated iodine uptake in the absence of glucose. Based on these results, the mechanism was considered to consist of oxidation of iodide to hypoiodous acid by hydrogen peroxide, followed by passive translocation of this uncharged iodine species across the cell membrane. Interestingly, such a mechanism of iodine uptake is similar to that observed in iodine-accumulating marine algae.
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Kamenarska Z, Taniguchi T, Ohsawa N, Hiraoka M, Itoh N. A vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidase in the marine red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty displays clear substrate specificity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2007; 68:1358-66. [PMID: 17434548 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Revised: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bromoperoxidase activity was initially detected in marine macroalgae belonging to the Solieriaceae family (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta), including Solieria robusta (Greville) Kylin, Eucheuma serra J. Agardh and Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty, which are important industrial sources of the polysaccharide carrageenan. Notably, the purification of bromoperoxidase was difficult because due to the coexistence of viscoid polysaccharides. The activity of the partially purified enzyme was dependent on the vanadate ion, and displayed a distinct substrate spectrum from that of previously reported vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidases of marine macroalgae. The enzyme was specific for Br- and I- ions and inactive toward F- and Cl-. The K(m) values for Br- and H2O2 were 2.5x10(-3) M and 8.5x10(-5) M, respectively. The halogenated product, dibromoacetaldehyde, that accumulated in K. alvarezii was additionally determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zornitsa Kamenarska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
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22
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Sangeetha NR, Kavita V, Wocadlo S, Powell AK, Pal S. Vanadium(V) Complexes of O,N,O-Donor Tridentate Ligands Containing the {VVO(OMe)}2+Unit: Syntheses, Structures and Properties. J COORD CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970008047078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanaparthi Kavita
- a School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Sigrid Wocadlo
- b School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia , Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Annie K. Powell
- b School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia , Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Samudranil Pal
- a School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad, 500 046, India
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23
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Hasan Z, Renirie R, Kerkman R, Ruijssenaars HJ, Hartog AF, Wever R. Laboratory-evolved vanadium chloroperoxidase exhibits 100-fold higher halogenating activity at alkaline pH: catalytic effects from first and second coordination sphere mutations. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:9738-44. [PMID: 16455658 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512166200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed evolution was performed on vanadium chloroperoxidase from the fungus Curvularia inaequalis to increase its brominating activity at a mildly alkaline pH for industrial and synthetic applications and to further understand its mechanism. After successful expression of the enzyme in Escherichia coli, two rounds of screening and selection, saturation mutagenesis of a "hot spot," and rational recombination, a triple mutant (P395D/L241V/T343A) was obtained that showed a 100-fold increase in activity at pH 8 (k(cat) = 100 s(-1)). The increased K(m) values for Br(-) (3.1 mm) and H(2)O(2) (16 microm) are smaller than those found for vanadium bromoperoxidases that are reasonably active at this pH. In addition the brominating activity at pH 5 was increased by a factor of 6 (k(cat) = 575 s(-1)), and the chlorinating activity at pH 5 was increased by a factor of 2 (k(cat) = 36 s(-1)), yielding the "best" vanadium haloperoxidase known thus far. The mutations are in the first and second coordination sphere of the vanadate cofactor, and the catalytic effects suggest that fine tuning of residues Lys-353 and Phe-397, along with addition of negative charge or removal of positive charge near one of the vanadate oxygens, is very important. Lys-353 and Phe-397 were previously assigned to be essential in peroxide activation and halide binding. Analysis of the catalytic parameters of the mutant vanadium bromoperoxidase from the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum also adds fuel to the discussion regarding factors governing the halide specificity of vanadium haloperoxidases. This study presents the first example of directed evolution of a vanadium enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Hasan
- Van't Hoff Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Kravitz JY, Pecoraro VL, Carlson HA. Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Calculations of the Vanadium Dependent Chloroperoxidase. J Chem Theory Comput 2005; 1:1265-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ct050132o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Garcia-Rodriguez E, Ohshiro T, Aibara T, Izumi Y, Littlechild J. Enhancing effect of calcium and vanadium ions on thermal stability of bromoperoxidase from Corallina pilulifera. J Biol Inorg Chem 2005; 10:275-82. [PMID: 15776268 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-005-0639-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bromoperoxidase from the macro-alga Corallina pilulifera is an enzyme that possesses vanadate in the catalytic center, and shows a significant thermostability and stability toward organic solvents. The structural analysis of the recombinant enzyme overexpressed in yeast revealed that it contains one calcium atom per subunit. This has been confirmed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry experiments. The study of the effect of metal ions on the apo-enzyme stability has shown that the calcium ion significantly increased the enzyme stability. In addition, vanadate also increased the thermostability and strontium and magnesium ions had similar effects as calcium. The holo-enzyme shows high stability in a range of organic solvents. The effect of the different ions and solvents on the structure of the enzyme has been studied by circular dichroism experiments. The high stability of the enzyme in the presence of organic solvents is useful for its application as a biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Garcia-Rodriguez
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
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26
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Valverde C, Orozco A, Becerra A, Jeziorski MC, Villalobos P, Solís JC. Halometabolites and cellular dehalogenase systems: an evolutionary perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 234:143-99. [PMID: 15066375 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(04)34004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
We review the role of iodothyronine deiodinases (IDs) in the evolution of vertebrate thyroidal systems within the larger context of biological metabolism of halogens. Since the beginning of life, the ubiquity of organohalogens in the biosphere has provided a major selective pressure for the evolution and conservation of cellular mechanisms specialized in halogen metabolism. Among naturally available halogens, iodine emerged as a critical component of unique developmental and metabolic messengers. Metabolism of iodinated compounds occurs in the three major domains of life, and invertebrate deuterostomes possess several biochemical traits and molecular homologs of vertebrate thyroidal systems, including ancestral homologs of IDs identified in urochordates. The finely tuned cellular regulation of iodometabolite uptake and disposal is a remarkable event in evolution and might have been decisive for the explosive diversification of ontogenetic strategies in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Valverde
- Instituto de Neurobiologia, Campus UNAM-UAQ Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230 Mexico
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27
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Ohshiro T, Littlechild J, Garcia-Rodriguez E, Isupov MN, Iida Y, Kobayashi T, Izumi Y. Modification of halogen specificity of a vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidase. Protein Sci 2004; 13:1566-71. [PMID: 15133166 PMCID: PMC2279980 DOI: 10.1110/ps.03496004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The halide specificity of vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidase (BPO) from the marine algae, Corallina pilulifera, has been changed by a single amino acid substitution. The residue R397 has been substituted by the other 19 amino acids. The mutant enzymes R397W and R397F showed significant chloroperoxidase (CPO) activity as well as BPO activity. These mutant enzymes were purified and their properties were investigated. The maximal velocities of CPO activities of the R397W and R397F enzymes were 31.2 and 39.2 units/mg, and the K(m) values for Cl(-) were 780 mM and 670 mM, respectively. Unlike the native enzyme, both mutant enzymes were inhibited by NaN(3). In the case of the R397W enzyme, the incorporation rate of vanadate into the active site was low, compared with the R397F and the wild-type enzyme. These results supported the existence of a specific halogen binding site within the catalytic cleft of vanadium haloperoxidases.
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28
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Putschew A, Mania M, Jekel M. Occurrence and source of brominated organic compounds in surface waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2003; 52:399-407. [PMID: 12738262 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of organic halogen compounds, measured as adsorbable organically bound bromine (AOBr), in an eutrophic lake, which is influenced by treated waste water, revealed repeatedly high concentrations of organobromine compounds in late summer, whereas five times lower values were measured during the rest of the year. It was possible to reproduce the in situ observed AOBr increase in the laboratory. Batch experiments were performed with lake water from two different lakes and an algae culture. It could be shown that the AOBr production is not limited to strong waste water influenced lakes. Furthermore, the AOBr formation requires light and the presence of algae, and thus is most probably biotic in nature. A low content of nutrients favours the formation of organic bromine compounds. To our knowledge this is the first report about the seasonally occurrence of naturally produced organic bromine compounds in lakes/surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Putschew
- Department of Water Quality Control, Technical University of Berlin, Sekr. KF 4, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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29
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Colin C, Leblanc C, Wagner E, Delage L, Leize-Wagner E, Van Dorsselaer A, Kloareg B, Potin P. The brown algal kelp Laminaria digitata features distinct bromoperoxidase and iodoperoxidase activities. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:23545-52. [PMID: 12697758 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m300247200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Different haloperoxidases, one specific for the oxidation of iodide and another that can oxidize both iodide and bromide, were separated from the sporophytes of the brown alga Laminaria digitata and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The iodoperoxidase activity was approximately seven times more efficient than the bromoperoxidase fraction in the oxidation of iodide. The two enzymes were markedly different in their molecular masses, trypsin digestion profiles, and immunological characteristics. Also, in contrast to the iodoperoxidase, bromoperoxidases were present in the form of multimeric aggregates of near-identical proteins. Two full-length haloperoxidase cDNAs were isolated from L. digitata, using haloperoxidase partial cDNAs that had been identified previously in an Expressed Sequence Tag analysis of the life cycle of this species (1). Sequence comparisons, mass spectrometry, and immunological analyses of the purified bromoperoxidase, as well as the activity of the protein expressed in Escherichia coli, all indicate that these almost identical cDNAs encode bromoperoxidases. Haloperoxidases form a large multigenic family in L. digitata, and the potential functions of haloperoxidases in this kelp are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Colin
- UMR 1931, CNRS-Laboratoires Goëmar, Station Biologique, BP 74, F-29682 Roscoff Cedex, France
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31
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Neilson AH. Biological Effects and Biosynthesis of Brominated Metabolites. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-37055-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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Littlechild J, Garcia-Rodriguez E, Dalby A, Isupov M. Structural and functional comparisons between vanadium haloperoxidase and acid phosphatase enzymes. J Mol Recognit 2002; 15:291-6. [PMID: 12447906 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The crystallographic structures of both the vanadium chloroperoxidase and bromoperoxidase enzymes have been determined with either vanadium or phosphate bound at their active site. The amino acids that are involved in phosphate binding in the acid phosphatase enzymes and those that are coordinated to vanadium in the haloperoxidases appear to be conserved between the two classes of enzyme. The detailed active site architecture for enzymes that recognize and use either vanadium or phosphate will be discussed in relation to their proposed enzymatic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Littlechild
- Schools of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, UK.
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33
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34
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Wever R, de Boer E, Plat H, E. Krenn B. Vanadium - an element involved in the biosynthesis of halogenated compounds and nitrogen fixation. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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de Boer E, Keijzers CP, Klaassen AA, Reijerse EJ, Collison D, Garner C, Wever R. 14N-coordination to VO2+in reduced vanadium bromoperoxidase, an electron spin echo study. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)81240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Almeida M, Filipe S, Humanes M, Maia MF, Melo R, Severino N, da Silva JA, Fraústo da Silva JJ, Wever R. Vanadium haloperoxidases from brown algae of the Laminariaceae family. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 57:633-42. [PMID: 11397428 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium haloperoxidases were extracted, purified and characterized from three different species of Laminariaceae--Laminaria saccharina (Linné) Lamouroux, Laminaria hyperborea (Gunner) Foslie and Laminaria ochroleuca de la Pylaie. Two different forms of the vanadium haloperoxidases were purified from L. saccharina and L. hyperborea and one form from L. ochroleuca species. Reconstitution experiments in the presence of several metal ions showed that only vanadium(V) completely restored the enzymes activity. The stability of some enzymes in mixtures of buffer solution and several organic solvents such as acetone, ethanol, methanol and 1-propanol was noteworthy; for instance, after 30 days at least 40% of the initial activity for some isoforms remained in mixtures of 3:1 buffer solution/organic solvent. The enzymes were also moderately thermostable, keeping full activity up to 40 degrees C. Some preliminary steady-state kinetic studies were performed and apparent Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters were determined for the substrates iodide and hydrogen peroxide. Histochemical studies were also performed in fresh tissue sections from stipe and blade of L. hyperborea and L. saccharina, showing that haloperoxidase activity was concentrated in the external cortex near the cuticle, although some activity was also observed in the inner cortical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Almeida
- Centro de Electroquímica e Cinética, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C1-5 degrees piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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37
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Almeida MG, Humanes M, Melo R, Silva JA, da Silva JJ, Wever R. Purification and characterisation of vanadium haloperoxidases from the brown alga Pelvetia canaliculata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2000; 54:5-11. [PMID: 10846739 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two enzymes characterised as iodoperoxidases (PcI and PcII), with vanadium-dependent activity, have been purified from the brown alga Pelvetia canaliculata (L.) Decne et Thur. (Fucaceae, Phaeophyceae), collected in the Northern Portuguese coast, at Viana do Castelo. The relative molecular masses were 166 kDa for PcI and 416 kDa for PcII, as determined by gel filtration. SDS-PAGE shows that PcI has just one band corresponding to a subunit of 66 kDa, while PcII shows four bands (66, 72, 157 and 280 kDa). The following kinetic parameters have been determined from a steady-state analysis of the oxidation of iodide by H2O2: PcI, pHopt = 6.0, KM(I-) = 2.1 mM, KM(H2O2) = 110 microM, Ki(I-) = 127 mM; and PcII, pHopt = 6.5, KM(I-) = 2.4 mM, KM(H2O2) = 20 microM and Ki(I-) = 69 mM. These iodoperoxidases are thermostable, as also observed for vanadium bromo- and chloroperoxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Almeida
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
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38
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Sangeetha NR, Pal S. A Family of Dinuclear Vanadium(V) Complexes Containing the {OV(μ-O)VO}4+Core: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2000. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.73.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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Whittaker MM, Whittaker JW. Thermally triggered metal binding by recombinant Thermus thermophilus manganese superoxide dismutase, expressed as the apo-enzyme. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:34751-7. [PMID: 10574944 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.49.34751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase from the extremely thermophilic eubacterium Thermus thermophilus has been cloned and expressed at high levels in a mesophilic host (Escherichia coli) as a soluble tetrameric protein mainly present as the metal-free apo-enzyme. Incubation of the purified apo-enzyme with manganese salts at ambient temperature did not restore superoxide dismutase activity, but reactivation could be achieved by heating the protein with Mn(II) at higher temperatures, approaching the physiological growth temperature for T. thermophilus. Heat annealing followed by incubation with manganese at lower temperature fails to reactivate the enzyme, demonstrating that a simple misfolding of the protein is not responsible for the observed behavior. The in vitro metal uptake is nonspecific, and manganese, iron, and vanadium all bind, but only manganese restores catalytic activity. Bound metal ions do not exchange during heat treatment, indicating that the formation of the metal complex is effectively irreversible under these conditions. The metallation process is strongly temperature-dependent, suggesting that substantial activation barriers to metal uptake at ambient temperature are overcome by a thermal transition in the apo-protein structure. A mechanism for SOD metallation is proposed, focusing on interactions at the domain interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Whittaker
- Department of Biochemistry, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
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40
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Grgurina I, Mariotti F. Biosynthetic origin of syringomycin and syringopeptin 22, toxic secondary metabolites of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. FEBS Lett 1999; 462:151-4. [PMID: 10580109 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of syringomycin (SR) and syringopeptin 22 (SP22), bioactive lipodepsipeptides of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, was studied by feeding (14)C-labeled precursors to chloramphenicol-containing bacterial suspensions. The preferential sites of incorporation were determined by comparing the specific activities of the intact radiolabeled metabolites and their single structural elements, obtained by hydrolytic degradation followed by derivatization and isolation by high performance liquid chromatography. The results show that, upon feeding L-[(14)C(U)]-Thr, 35.0 and 31.0% of the SR radioactivity is retained in 2,3-dehydro-2-aminobutyric acid (Dhb) and 4-chlorothreonine (Thr(4-Cl)), respectively. L-[(14)C(U)]-Asp labels the same sites, though less efficiently, and is also incorporated in 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab) and 3-hydroxyaspartic acid (Asp(3-OH)). Dhb is also labeled by Thr and Asp in SP22. These are the first data on the biosynthetic origin of the modified residues in P. syringae lipopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Grgurina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Università 'La Sapienza' di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
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41
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Hemrika W, Renirie R, Macedo-Ribeiro S, Messerschmidt A, Wever R. Heterologous expression of the vanadium-containing chloroperoxidase from Curvularia inaequalis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and site-directed mutagenesis of the active site residues His(496), Lys(353), Arg(360), and Arg(490). J Biol Chem 1999; 274:23820-7. [PMID: 10446144 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.34.23820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The vanadium-containing chloroperoxidase from the fungus Curvularia inaequalis is heterologously expressed to high levels in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Characterization of the recombinant enzyme reveals that this behaves very similar to the native chloroperoxidase. Site-directed mutagenesis is performed on four highly conserved active site residues to examine their role in catalysis. When the vanadate-binding residue His(496) is changed into an alanine, the mutant enzyme loses the ability to bind vanadate covalently resulting in an inactive enzyme. The negative charges on the vanadate oxygens are compensated by hydrogen bonds with the residues Arg(360), Arg(490), and Lys(353). When these residues are changed into alanines the mutant enzymes lose the ability to effectively oxidize chloride but can still function as bromoperoxidases. A general mechanism for haloperoxidase catalysis is proposed that also correlates the kinetic properties of the mutants with the charge and the hydrogen-bonding network in the vanadate-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hemrika
- E. C. Slater Institute, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Muidergracht 12, 1018 TV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Guerrieri N, Cerletti P, De Vincentiis M, Salvati A, Scippa S. Vanadium inhibition of serine and cysteine proteases. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 1999; 122:331-6. [PMID: 10356762 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(99)00014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A study was made on the effect of vanadium, in both the tetravalent state in vanadyl sulphate and in the pentavalent state in sodium meta-vanadate, and ortho-vanadate, on the proteolysis of azocasein by two serine proteases, trypsin and subtilisin and two cysteine proteases bromelain and papain. Also the proteolysis of bovine azoalbumin by serine proteases was considered. An inhibitory effect was present in all cases, except meta-vanadate with subtilisin. The oxidation level of vanadium by itself did not determine the inhibition kinetics, which also depended on the type and composition of the vanadium containing molecule and on the enzyme assayed. The pattern of inhibition was similar for proteases belonging to the same class. The highest inhibition was obtained with meta-vanadate on papain and with vanadyl sulphate on bromelain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Guerrieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari Agroalimentari, Facoltà di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
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Hara I, Sakurai T. Isolation and characterization of vanadium bromoperoxidase from a marine macroalga, Ecklonia stolonifera. J Inorg Biochem 1998; 72:23-8. [PMID: 9861726 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(98)10055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bromoperoxidase has been isolated from the marine brown alga, Ecklonia stolonifera (83 kDa) and has been characterized. Bromoperoxidase requires vanadium for enzyme activity as has been evidenced by EPR spectroscopy. The enzyme activity increased ca. 250% with the action of V5+ on the isolated enzyme, since more than 2/3 of the protein molecules were in the apo form. The increase in the enzyme activity was specific to V5+, while Fe2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ inhibited the enzyme activity. This effect of V5+ addition was inhibited in phosphate buffer, probably because phosphate and vanadate compete for the active site. The bromoperoxidase exhibited a high thermostability (Tm = 68 degrees C) and a high stability in organic solvents (completely intact even in the presence of 50% methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hara
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Japan
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Barnett P, Hemrika W, Dekker HL, Muijsers AO, Renirie R, Wever R. Isolation, characterization, and primary structure of the vanadium chloroperoxidase from the fungus Embellisia didymospora. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:23381-7. [PMID: 9722573 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.36.23381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe the isolation, purification, and basic kinetic parameters of a vanadium type chloroperoxidase from the hyphomycete fungus Embellisia didymospora. The enzyme proved to possess similar high substrate affinities, a Km of 5 microM for a bromide, 1.2 mM for a chloride, and 60 microM for a hydrogen peroxide, as those of the vanadium chloroperoxidase from Curvularia inaequalis, although with lower turnover rates for both Cl- and Br-. Substrate bromide was also found to inhibit the enzyme, a feature subsequently also noted for the chloroperoxidase from C. inaequalis. The gene encoding this enzyme was identified using DNA Southern blotting techniques and subsequently isolated and sequenced. A comparison is made between this vanadium chloroperoxidase and that of the fungus C. inaequalis both kinetically and at the sequence level. At the primary structural level the two chloroperoxidases share 68% identity, with conservation of all active site residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barnett
- Department of Biochemistry, E. C. Slater Institute, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Muidergracht 12, 1018 TV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Messerschmidt A, Wever R. X-ray structures of apo and tungstate derivatives of vanadium chloroperoxidase from the fungus Curvularia inaequalis. Inorganica Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(97)05919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Uyama T, Nose Y, Wuchiyama J, Moriyama Y, Michibata H. Finding of the same antigens in the polychaete, Pseudopotamilla occelata, as those in the vanadium-rich ascidian, Ascidia sydneiensis samea. Zoolog Sci 1997; 14:43-7. [PMID: 9200978 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.14.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The polychaete Pseudopotamilla occelata is the first animal revealed to contain high levels of vanadium besides ascidians. The present experiment disclosed that P. occelata has the same antigens with those in the ascidian Ascidia syndneiensis samea, which were recognized by two types of antibodies, a polyclonal antibody against vanadium-associated proteins extracted from blood cells and a monoclonal antibody against vanadocytes in the vanadium-rich ascidian A. sydneiensis samea. There is, therefore, a possibility that similar mechanism works on the accumulation of vanadium between the Polychaeta and the Ascididae.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Uyama
- Mukaishima Marine Biological Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Butler A, Baldwin AH. Vanadium bromoperoxidase and functional mimics. METAL SITES IN PROTEINS AND MODELS 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-62874-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Halogenated metabolites, originally thought to be infrequent in nature, are actually nothing unusual at all, and are produced by many different organisms, including bacteria. Whereas marine bacteria usually produce brominated compounds, terrestrial bacteria preferentially synthesize chlorometabolites, but fluoro- and iodometabolites can also be found. Haloperoxidases, enzymes capable of catalyzing the formation of carbon halogen bonds in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and halide ions (Cl-, Br- and I-) have been isolated and characterized from different bacteria. These enzymes turned out to be very unspecific and are obviously not the type of halogenating enzymes responsible for the formation of halometabolites in bacteria. A yet-unknown type of halogenating enzyme having both substrate and regio-specificity must be involved in the biosynthesis of halogenated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H van Pée
- Institut für Biochemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Moore RM, Webb M, Tokarczyk R, Wever R. Bromoperoxidase and iodoperoxidase enzymes and production of halogenated methanes in marine diatom cultures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jc01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Meister Winter GE, Butler A. Inactivation of vanadium bromoperoxidase: formation of 2-oxohistidine. Biochemistry 1996; 35:11805-11. [PMID: 8794762 DOI: 10.1021/bi960381m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The basis of the irreversible inactivation of the vanadium bromoperoxidase (V-BrPO) isolated from the marine alga Ascophyllum nodosum under turnover conditions at low pH (i.e., 15 to 100 mM H2O2, 0.1 KBr, ca. 15 nM V-BrPO in 0.1 M citrate, pH 4) has been investigated. Inactivation under these conditions was found to produce 2-oxohistidine as identified by HPLC using electrochemical detection. Formation of 2-oxohistidine requires all the components of turnover (i.e., bromide, hydrogen peroxide, and V-BrPO) as well as low pH; inactivation does not occur nor is significant 2-oxohistidine formed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide alone. The oxidation of histidine did not occur by singlet oxygen generated by V-BrPO, because neither 2-oxohistidine nor inactivation occur under the conditions in which singlet oxygen is produced quantitatively by V-BrPO. The addition of aqueous bromine to N alpha-benzoylhistidine at low pH formed N alpha-benzoyl-2-oxohistidine. cis-Dioxovanadium(V) (VO2+) in strong acid and MoO(O2)2(ox)2- (ox2- is oxalate) at pH 5, both of which are functional mimics of V-BrPO by oxidizing bromide by hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed the oxidation of N alpha-benzoylhistidine to N alpha-benzoyl-2-oxohistidine. Furthermore, when hypobromite was added to N alpha-benzoylhistidine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at neutral pH, conditions under which HOBr would react first with H2O2 to produce singlet oxygen, no N alpha-benzoyl-2-oxohistidine was formed. Thus the oxidation of histidine in V-BrPO is proposed to occur via oxidized bromine species. Irreversible inactivation V-BrPO was also found to be accompanied by release of vanadium.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Meister Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106-9510, USA
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