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Molecular cloning, characterisation and expression of a gene encoding cellobiose dehydrogenase from Termitomyces clypeatus. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Structural insights of a cellobiose dehydrogenase enzyme from the basidiomycetes fungus Termitomyces clypeatus. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 82:65-73. [PMID: 31272063 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi secrete various oxidative enzymes to degrade the glycosidic bonds of polysaccharides. Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) (E.C.1.1.99.18) is one of the important lignocellulose degrading enzymes produced by various filamentous fungi. It contains two stereo specific ligand binding domains, cytochrome and dehydrogenase - one for heme and the other for flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) respectively. The enzyme is of commercial importance for its use in amperometric biosensor, biofuel production, lactose determination in food, bioremediation etc. Termitomyces clypeatus, an edible fungus belonging to the basidiomycetes group, is a good producer of CDH. In this paper we have analyzed the structural properties of this enzyme from T. clypeatus and identified a distinct carbohydrate binding module (CBM) which is not present in most fungi belonging to the basidiomycetes group. In addition, the dehydrogenase domain of T. clypeatus CDH exhibited the absence of cellulose binding residues which is in contrast to the dehydrogenase domains of CDH of other basidiomycetes. Sequence analysis of cytochrome domain showed that the important residues of this domain were conserved like in other fungal CDHs. Phylogenetic tree, constructed using basidiomycetes and ascomycetes CDH sequences, has shown that very surprisingly the CDH from T. clypeatus, which is classified as a basidiomycetes fungus, is clustered with the ascomycetes group. A homology model of this protein has been constructed using the CDH enzyme of ascomycetes fungus Myricoccum thermophilum as a template since it has been found to be the best match sequence with T. clypeatus CDH. We also have modelled the protein with its substrate, cellobiose, which has helped us to identify the substrate interacting residues (L354, P606, T629, R631, Y649, N732, H733 and N781) localized within its dehydrogenase domain. Our computational investigation revealed for the first time the presence of all three domains - cytochrome, dehydrogenase and CBM - in the CDH of T. clypeatus, a basidiomycetes fungus. In addition to discovering the unique structural attributes of this enzyme from T. clypeatus, our study also discusses the possible phylogenetic status of this fungus.
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Magnelli P, Ramos AM, Forchiassin F. Factors influencing cellulase productionSaccobolus saccoboloides. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1996.12026650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Magnelli
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Araceli M. Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia Forchiassin
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Poulsen M. Towards an integrated understanding of the consequences of fungus domestication on the fungus-growing termite gut microbiota. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:2562-72. [PMID: 25581852 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 30 million years ago (MYA), the subfamily of higher termites Macrotermitinae domesticated a fungus, Termitomyces, as the main plant decomposer and food source for the termite host. The origin of fungiculture shifted the composition of the termite gut microbiota, and some of the functional implications of this shift have recently been established. I review reports on the composition of the Macrotermitinae gut microbiota, evidence for a subfamily core gut microbiota, and the first insight into functional complementarity between fungal and gut symbionts. In addition, I argue that we need to explore the capacities of all members of the symbiotic communities, including better solidifying Termitomyces role(s) in order to understand putative complementary gut bacterial contributions. Approaches that integrate natural history and sequencing data to elucidate symbiont functions will be powerful, particularly if executed in comparative analyses across the well-established congruent termite-fungus phylogenies. This will allow for testing if gut communities have evolved in parallel with their hosts, with implications for our general understanding of the evolution of gut symbiont communities with hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Poulsen
- Centre for Social Evolution, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100, Denmark
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Rytioja J, Hildén K, Yuzon J, Hatakka A, de Vries RP, Mäkelä MR. Plant-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from Basidiomycetes. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2014; 78:614-49. [PMID: 25428937 PMCID: PMC4248655 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00035-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Basidiomycete fungi subsist on various types of plant material in diverse environments, from living and dead trees and forest litter to crops and grasses and to decaying plant matter in soils. Due to the variation in their natural carbon sources, basidiomycetes have highly varied plant-polysaccharide-degrading capabilities. This topic is not as well studied for basidiomycetes as for ascomycete fungi, which are the main sources of knowledge on fungal plant polysaccharide degradation. Research on plant-biomass-decaying fungi has focused on isolating enzymes for current and future applications, such as for the production of fuels, the food industry, and waste treatment. More recently, genomic studies of basidiomycete fungi have provided a profound view of the plant-biomass-degrading potential of wood-rotting, litter-decomposing, plant-pathogenic, and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) basidiomycetes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on plant polysaccharide depolymerization by basidiomycete species from diverse habitats. In addition, these data are compared to those for the most broadly studied ascomycete genus, Aspergillus, to provide insight into specific features of basidiomycetes with respect to plant polysaccharide degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Rytioja
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Hildén
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer Yuzon
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annele Hatakka
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Li YK, Chang LF, Shu HH, Chir J. Characterization of an Isozyme of β-Glucosidase from Sweet Almond. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Li YK, Chu SH, Sung YH. Purification, Characterization and Mechanistic Study of β-Glucosidase fromFlavobacterium meningosepticum(ATCC 13253). J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199800091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Wu Y, Chi S, Yun C, Shen Y, Tokuda G, Ni J. Molecular cloning and characterization of an endogenous digestive β-glucosidase from the midgut of the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes barneyi. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 21:604-14. [PMID: 23126269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
β-glucosidase from the midgut of the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes barneyi was first cloned and characterized to gain a better understanding of cellulolytic systems in fungus-growing termites. β-glucosidase activity was proven to present primarily in the midgut of M. barneyi and two β-glucosidases were partially purified from the midgut. Based on the N-terminus sequence of one of the β-glucosidases, a full-length cDNA fragment of 1708 bp was obtained. This sequence encodes a 493 amino acid protein belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 1. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis proved that the β-glucosidase gene was primarily expressed in the midgut. β-glucosidase was expressed heterologously and biochemically characterized. Results indicate that β-glucosidase is an endogenous, midgut-origin termite digestive enzyme. It may have applications in understanding the mechanism of lignocellulose degradation in fungus-growing termites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Fungiculture or Termite Husbandry? The Ruminant Hypothesis. INSECTS 2012; 3:307-23. [PMID: 26467962 PMCID: PMC4553630 DOI: 10.3390/insects3010307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a new perspective for the role of Termitomyces fungi in the mutualism with fungus-growing termites. According to the predominant view, this mutualism is as an example of agriculture with termites as farmers of a domesticated fungus crop, which is used for degradation of plant-material and production of fungal biomass. However, a detailed study of the literature indicates that the termites might as well be envisioned as domesticates of the fungus. According to the “ruminant hypothesis” proposed here, termite workers, by consuming asexual fruiting bodies not only harvest asexual spores, but also lignocellulolytic enzymes, which they mix with foraged plant material and enzymes of termite and possibly bacterial origin. This mixture is the building material of the fungus garden and facilitates efficient degradation of plant material. The fungus garden thus functions as an external rumen for termites and primarily the fungi themselves benefit from their own, and gut-derived, lignocellulolytic enzymes, using the termites to efficiently mix these with their growth substrate. Only secondarily the termites benefit, when they consume the degraded, nitrogen-enriched plant-fungus mixture a second time. We propose that the details of substrate use, and the degree of complementarity and redundancy among enzymes in food processing, determine selection of horizontally transmitted fungal symbionts at the start of a colony: by testing spores on a specific, mechanically and enzymatically pre-treated growth substrate, the termite host has the opportunity to select specific fungal symbionts. Potentially, the gut-microbiota thus influence host-fungus specificity, and the selection of specific fungal strains at the start of a new colony. We argue that we need to expand the current bipartite insect-biased view of the mutualism of fungus-growing termites and include the possible role of bacteria and the benefit for the fungi to fully understand the division of labor among partners in substrate degradation.
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Tani S, Kanamasa S, Sumitani JI, Arai M, Kawaguchi T. XlnR-independent signaling pathway regulates both cellulase and xylanase genes in response to cellobiose in Aspergillus aculeatus. Curr Genet 2012; 58:93-104. [PMID: 22371227 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-012-0367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The expression levels of the cellulase and xylanase genes between the host strain and an xlnR disruptant were compared by quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) to identify the genes controlled by XlnR-independent signaling pathway. The cellulose induction of the FI-carboxymethyl cellulase (cmc1) and FIb-xylanase (xynIb) genes was controlled by XlnR; in contrast, the cellulose induction of the FIII-avicelase (cbhI), FII-carboxymethyl cellulase (cmc2), and FIa-xylanase (xynIa) genes was controlled by an XlnR-independent signaling pathway. To gain deeper insight into the XlnR-independent signaling pathway, the expression profile of cbhI was analyzed as a representative target gene. Cellobiose together with 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a glucosidase inhibitor, induced cbhI the most efficiently among disaccharides composed of β-glucosidic bonds. Furthermore, cellobiose with DNJ induced the transcription of cmc2 and xynIa, whereas cmc1 and xynIb were not induced. GUS reporter fusion analyses of truncated and mutated cbhI promoters revealed that three regions were necessary for effective cellulose-induced transcription, all of which contained the conserved sequence 5'-CCGN(2)CCN(7)G(C/A)-3' within the CeRE, which has been identified as the upstream activating element essential for expression of eglA in A. nidulans (Endo et al. 2008). The data therefore delineate a pathway in which A. aculeatus perceives the presence of cellobiose, thereby activating a signaling pathway that drives cellulase and hemicellulase gene expression under the control of the XlnR-independent regulation through CeRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Tani
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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RAWAT RENU, GULATI ASHU, JOSHI ROBIN. PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF β-GLUCOSIDASE FROM TEA SHOOT. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Santos ALF, Kawase KYF, Coelho GLV. Enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic materials after treatment with supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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14
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Kusuda M, Ueda M, Miyatake K, Konishi Y, Terashita T, Yamanaka K. Effects of carbohydrate substrate on the vegetative mycelial growth of an ectomycorrhizal mushroom, Tricholoma matsutake, isolated from Quercus. MYCOSCIENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-007-0384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Chandra K, Ghosh K, Roy SK, Mondal S, Maiti D, Ojha AK, Das D, Mondal S, Islam SS. A water-soluble glucan isolated from an edible mushroom Termitomyces microcarpus. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:2484-9. [PMID: 17689507 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble glucan was isolated from an edible mushroom, Termitomyces microcarpus. On the basis of total acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY and HSQC), the repeating unit of the polysaccharide is established as -->4)-alpha--Glcp-(1-->3)-beta--Glcp-(1-->
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Chandra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, West Midnapore 721102, WB, India
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Bose S, Mazumder S, Mukherjee M. Laccase production by the white-rot fungus Termitomyces clypeatus. J Basic Microbiol 2007; 47:127-31. [PMID: 17440914 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200610206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Laccase was detected in the culture filtrate of white-rot fungus Termitomyces clypeatus. The enzyme was found at the late phase of submerged growth in a medium containing glucose or cellulose as the carbon source. The present study indicates that laccase produced by T. clypeatus is an intracellular enzyme, released in the medium due to cell lysis at the end of the growing phase. Laccase produced by T. clypeatus is different from the extracellular polyphenol oxidase of T. albuminosus, also produced at the late phase of growth. This is the first report of laccase production by a Termitomyces sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Bose
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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17
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Purification and characterization of a novel ginsenoside-hydrolyzing β-d-glucosidase from the China white jade snail (Achatina fulica). Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Chakraborty I, Mondal S, Rout D, Islam SS. A water-insoluble (1→3)-β-d-glucan from the alkaline extract of an edible mushroom Termitomyces eurhizus. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:2990-3. [PMID: 17064674 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A water-insoluble glucan, TEINS has been isolated from the hot alkaline extract of an edible mushroom Termitomyces eurhizus. The total carbohydrate content of the polysaccharide fraction was found to be 98.4%, and it was found to contain only glucose as the monosaccharide constituent. On the basis of total acid hydrolysis, a methylation experiment, periodate oxidation and (13)C NMR experiment, the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as: -->3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, West Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India
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Luan H, Liu X, Qi X, Hu Y, Hao D, Cui Y, Yang L. Purification and characterization of a novel stable ginsenoside Rb1-hydrolyzing β-d-glucosidase from China white jade snail. Process Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Detection of β-glucosidase as saprotrophic ability from an ectomycorrhizal mushroom, Tricholoma matsutake. MYCOSCIENCE 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-005-0289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Mondal S, Chakraborty I, Rout D, Islam SS. Isolation and structural elucidation of a water-soluble polysaccharide (PS-I) of a wild edible mushroom, Termitomyces striatus. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:878-86. [PMID: 16516873 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2006] [Revised: 01/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A heteropolysaccharide (PS-I), isolated from the hot aqueous extract of an edible mushroom, Termitomyces striatus, is composed of d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose and l-fucose in a molar ratio 2:1:1:1. Structural investigation of the native as well as the Smith-degraded polysaccharide was carried out using methylation analysis, periodate oxidation studies and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and the repeating unit of the polysaccharide is established as follows: [carbohydrate structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, West Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
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Hazra P, Sengupta T, Mukhopadhyay A, Ghosh A, Mukherjee M, Sengupta S. Regulation of protein secretion by mycelial culture of the mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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23
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de Palma-Fernandez ER, Gomes E, da Silva R. Purification and characterization of two beta-glucosidases from the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2002; 47:685-90. [PMID: 12630320 DOI: 10.1007/bf02818672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
beta-Glucosidase from the fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus grown on semi-solid fermentation medium (using ground corncob as substrate) was partially purified in 5 steps--ultrafiltration, ethanol precipitation, gel filtration and 2 anion exchange chromatography runs, and characterized. After the first anion exchange chromatography, beta-glucosidase activity was eluted in 3 peaks (Gl-1, Gl-2, Gl-3). Only the Gl-2 and Gl-3 fractions were adsorbed on the gel matrix. Gl-2 and Gl-3 exhibited optimum pH at 4.5 and 4.0, respectively. The temperature optimum of both glucosidases was at 75-80 degrees C. The pH stability of Gl-2 (4.0-9.0) was higher than Gl-3 (5.5-8.5); both enzyme activities showed similar patterns of thermostability. Under conditions of denaturing gel chromatography the molar mass of Gl-2 and Gl-3 was 175 and 157 kDa, respectively. Using 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside as substrate, Km values of 1.17 +/- 0.35 and 1.38 +/- 0.86 mmol/L were determined for Gl-2 and Gl-3, respectively. Both enzymes were inhibited by Ag+ and stimulated by Ca2+.
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Hetero-aggregation with sucrase affects the activity, stability and conformation of extra- and intra-cellular cellobiase in the filamentous fungus T. clypeatus. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Li YK, Lee JA. Cloning and expression of β-glucosidase from Flavobacterium meningosepticum: a new member of family B β-glucosidase. Enzyme Microb Technol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(98)00095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Rajarathnam S, Shashirekha MN, Bano Z. Biodegradative and biosynthetic capacities of mushrooms: present and future strategies. Crit Rev Biotechnol 1998; 18:91-236. [PMID: 9674114 DOI: 10.1080/0738-859891224220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Rajarathnam
- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
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27
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Cai Y, Buswell J, Chang S. β-Glucosidase components of the cellulolytic system of the edible straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea. Enzyme Microb Technol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(97)00151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Sengupta T, Hazra P, Mukhopadhyay A, Sengupta S. Termitomyces clypeatuscontrols secretion of extracellular amyloglucosidase by regulating exocytosis of vacuolar enzyme. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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29
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Alconada T, Martínez M. Purification and characterization of a β-glucosidase from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. Lett Appl Microbiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1996.tb01120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Roy SB, Ghosh AK, Sengupta S, Sengupta S. Development of high-molar-mass cellobiase complex by spontaneous protein-protein interaction in the culture filtrate of Termitomyces clypeatus. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1994; 39:463-70. [PMID: 8549993 DOI: 10.1007/bf02814063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The 450 kDa cellobiase from Termitomyces clypeatus which migrates as a single band on IEF, PAGE and SDS-PAGE, was found to possess appreciable sucrase activity. The fungus produced sucrase and cellobiase constitutively in different media but with different activity ratios. The kinetics of secretion of the two enzymes was similar under in vivo and in vitro conditions. HPGPLC analysis of the culture filtrates indicated the presence of both sucrase and cellobiase in the same protein fractions of different molar mass, even in the 30-kDa protein fraction. No free sucrase or cellobiase could be detected in the culture filtrates. It was also observed that fractionation of cellobiase by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation was different with different amounts of associated sucrase activity present in the culture filtrate. The (NH4)2SO4-precipitated cellobiase fraction also contained cellobiases in proteins of widely varied molar mass ranges. However, none of the low-molar mass proteins other than the 450-kDa enzyme could be purified, as all low-molar-mass fractions spontaneously aggregated to the 450-kDa enzyme. Hydrophobic chromatography of the (NH4)2SO4-precipitated fractions followed by HPGPLC of the eluted active fraction yielded both cellobiase-free sucrase and a very low sucrase-containing cellobiase fraction. The cellobiase fraction, homogeneous in PAGE, was also a high-molar-mass protein complex dissociating into a number of protein bands on SDS-PAGE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Roy
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcutta, India
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Chen H, Li X, Ljungdahl LG. Isolation and properties of an extracellular beta-glucosidase from the polycentric rumen fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:64-70. [PMID: 8117094 PMCID: PMC201270 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.1.64-70.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An extracellular beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) was purified from culture filtrate of the anaerobic rumen fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2 grown on 0.3% (wt vol-1) Avicel by using Q Sepharose anion-exchange chromatography, ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatofocusing ion-exchange chromatography, and Superose 12 gel filtration. The enzyme is monomeric with a M(r) of 85,400, as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, has a pI of 3.95, and contains about 8.5% (wt vol-1) carbohydrate. The N terminus appears to be blocked. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of cellobiose and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside (PNPG). The Km and Vmax values with cellobiose as the substrate at pH 6.0 and 40 degrees C are 0.25 mM and 27.1 mumol.min-1 x mg-1, respectively; with PNPG as the substrate, the corresponding values are of 0.35 mM and 27.7 mumol.min-1 x mg-1. Glucose (Ki = 8.75 mM, with PNPG as the substrate) and gluconolactone (Ki = 1.68 x 10(-2) and 2.57 mM, with PNPG and cellobiose as the substrates, respectively) are competitive inhibitors. Optimal activity with PNPG and cellobiose as the substrates is at pH 6.2 and 50 degrees C. The enzyme has high activity against sophorose (beta-1,2-glucobiose) and laminaribiose (beta-1,3-glucobiose) but has no activity against gentiobiose (beta-1,6-glucobiose). The activity of the beta-glucosidase is stimulated by Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ and inhibited by Ag+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, SDS, and p-chloromercuribenzoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Center for Biological Resource Recovery, University of Georgia, Athens 30602
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Khowala S, Sengupta S. Secretion of β-glucoside by Termitomyces clypeatus: Regulation by carbon catabolite products. Enzyme Microb Technol 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(92)90173-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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