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Falasca P, Evangelista G, Cotugno R, Marco S, Masullo M, De Vendittis E, Raimo G. Properties of the endogenous components of the thioredoxin system in the psychrophilic eubacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC 125. Extremophiles 2012; 16:539-52. [PMID: 22527046 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous components of the thioredoxin system in the Antarctic eubacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis have been purified and characterised. The temperature dependence of the activities sustained by thioredoxin (PhTrx) and thioredoxin reductase (PhTrxR) pointed to their adaptation in the cold growth environment. PhTrxR was purified as a flavoenzyme and its activity was significantly enhanced in the presence of molar concentration of monovalent cations. The energetics of the partial reactions leading to the whole electron transfer from NADPH to the target protein substrate in the reconstituted thioredoxin system was also investigated. While the initial electron transfer from NADPH to PhTrxR was energetically favoured, the final passage to the heterologous protein substrate enhanced the energetic barrier of the whole process. The energy of activation of the heat inactivation process essentially reflected the psychrophilic origin of PhTrxR. Vice versa, PhTrx possessed an exceptional heat resistance (half-life, 4.4 h at 95 °C), ranking this protein among the most thermostable enzymes reported so far in psychrophiles. PhTrxR was covalently modified by glutathione, mainly by its oxidised or nitrosylated forms. A mutagenic analysis realised on three non catalytic cysteines of the flavoenzyme allowed the identification of C(303) as the target for the S-glutathionylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Falasca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie dell'Ambiente e del Territorio, Università del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090, Pesche, IS, Italy
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Ruggiero I, Cantiello P, Lamberti A, Sorrentino A, Martucci NM, Ruggiero A, Arcone R, Vitagliano L, Arcari P, Masullo M. Biochemical characterisation of the D60A mutant of the elongation factor 1alpha from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Biochimie 2009; 91:835-42. [PMID: 19375481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The D60A mutant of the elongation factor (EF) 1alpha from Sulfolobus solfataricus (Ss), was obtained as heterologous expressed protein and characterised. This substitution was carried out in order to analyse the involvement of this evolutionally conserved amino acid position in the interaction between the elongation factor and guanosine nucleotides and in the coordination of magnesium ions. The expression system used produced a folded protein able to catalyse, although to a slightly lower extent with respect to the wild-type enzyme, protein synthesis in vitro and NaCl-dependent intrinsic GTPase activity. The affinity for guanosine nucleotides was almost identical to that exhibited by wild-type SsEF-1alpha; vice versa, the GDP exchange rate was one order of magnitude faster on the mutated elongation factor, a property partially restored when the exchange reaction was analysed in the presence of the magnesium ions chelating agent EDTA. Finally, the D60A substitution only a little affected the high thermal stability of the elongation factor. From a structural point of view, the analysis of the data reported confirmed that this conserved carboxyl group belongs to a protein region differentiating the GDP binding mode among elongation factors from different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Ruggiero
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
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3
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Grimaldi P, Ruocco MR, Lanzotti MA, Ruggiero A, Ruggiero I, Arcari P, Vitagliano L, Masullo M. Characterisation of the components of the thioredoxin system in the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Extremophiles 2008; 12:553-62. [PMID: 18418542 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-008-0161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin system is a redox machinery widely distributed in nature and involved in several cellular functions. It is constituted of thioredoxin reductase (Trx-B), its protein substrate thioredoxin (Trx-A) and NADPH. We have previously characterised a Trx-B from the hyperthermophile Sulfolobus solfataricus (SsTrx-B3) (Ruocco et al. in Biochimie 86:883-892, 2004). As in the genome of this archaeon, the gene coding for another Trx-B (SsTrx-B2) and for two Trx-A (SsTrx-A1, SsTrx-A2) have been putatively identified, these proteins were obtained as recombinant forms and characterised. SsTrx-B2, different from SsTrx-B3, did not elicit a thioredoxin reductase activity. S. solfataricus possessed only one Trx-B (SsTrx-B3), which had two thioredoxins (SsTrx-A1 and SsTrx-A2) as substrates. These latter showed a homodimeric structure and catalysed insulin reduction using either DTT or NADPH/SsTrx-B3 as electron donors. In addition, the electron transfer between SsTrx-B3 and either SsTrx-A1 or SsTrx-A2 was fully reversible, thus allowing the determination of the redox potential of the thioredoxin system in S. solfataricus. Among the two thioredoxins, SsTrx-A2 appeared slightly more active and stable than SsTrx-A1. These data, besides shedding light on thioredoxin system in S. solfataricus, will contribute to add further information on this key enzyme system in Archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Grimaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacobiologiche, Università di Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
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Granata V, Graziano G, Ruggiero A, Raimo G, Masullo M, Arcari P, Vitagliano L, Zagari A. Stability against temperature of Sulfolobus solfataricus elongation factor 1 alpha, a multi-domain protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:573-81. [PMID: 18267133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The elongation factors (EF-Tu/EF-1 alpha) are universal proteins, involved in protein biosynthesis. A detailed characterization of the stability against temperature of SsEF-1 alpha, a three-domain protein isolated from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus is presented. Thermal denaturation of both the GDP-bound (SsEF-1 alpha*.GDP) and the ligand-free (nfSsEF-1 alpha) forms was investigated by means of circular dichroism and fluorescence measurements, over the 4.0-7.5 pH interval. Data indicate that the unfolding process is cooperative with no intermediate species and that the few inter-domain contacts identified in the crystal structure of SsEF-1 alpha play a role also at high temperatures. Finally, it is shown that the enzyme exhibits two different interchangeable thermally denatured states, depending on pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Granata
- Dip. delle Scienze Biologiche, Sez. di Biostrutture, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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Masullo M, Cantiello P, De Paola B, Fiengo A, Vitagliano L, Zagari A, Arcari P. Valine 114 replacements in archaeal elongation factor 1 alpha enhanced its ability to interact with aminoacyl-tRNA and kirromycin. Biochemistry 2002; 41:14482-8. [PMID: 12463746 DOI: 10.1021/bi026428n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Valine 114 in the D(109)AAILVVA sequence of elongation factor 1alpha from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus (SsEF-1alpha) was substituted with an acidic (V114E), basic (V114K), or cavity-forming (V114A) residue, and the effects on the biochemical properties of the factor were investigated. This sequence is well-conserved among most of eukaryal and eubacterial counterparts, and in the three-dimensional structure of SsEF-1alpha, V114 is located in a hydrophobic pocket near the first GDP-binding consensus sequence G(13)XXXXGK[T,S] [Vitagliano, L., Masullo, M., Sica, F., Zagari, A., and Bocchini, V. (2001) EMBO J. 20, 5305-5311]. These mutants displayed functions absent in the wild-type factor. In fact, although they exhibited a rate in poly(Phe) incorporation almost identical to that of SsEF-1alpha, V114K and V114A exhibited an affinity for GDP and GTP higher and a capability to bind heterologous aa-tRNA stronger than that elicited by SsEF-1alpha but similar to that of eubacterial EF-Tu. V114E instead displayed not only a weaker binding capability for aa-tRNA but also a lower affinity for GDP. The intrinsic GTPase activity of V114E was drastically reduced compared to those of SsEF-1alpha, V114K, and V114A. Interestingly, the decreased intrinsic GTPase activity of V114E was partially restored by kirromycin, an effect already observed for the G13A mutant of SsEF-1alpha [Masullo, M., Cantiello, P., de Paola, B., Catanzano, F., Arcari, P., and Bocchini, V. (2002) Biochemistry 41, 628-633]. Finally, the V114A substitution showed only a marginal effect on both the thermostability and thermophilicity of SsEF-1alpha, whereas V114K and V114E replacements strongly destabilized the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariorosario Masullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacobiologiche, Università di Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Roccelletta di Borgia, I-88021 Catanzaro, Italy
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Vitagliano L, Masullo M, Sica F, Zagari A, Bocchini V. The crystal structure of Sulfolobus solfataricus elongation factor 1alpha in complex with GDP reveals novel features in nucleotide binding and exchange. EMBO J 2001; 20:5305-11. [PMID: 11574461 PMCID: PMC125647 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.19.5305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of elongation factor 1alpha from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus in complex with GDP (SsEF-1alpha.GDP) at 1.8 A resolution is reported. As already known for the eubacterial elongation factor Tu, the SsEF-1alpha.GDP structure consists of three different structural domains. Surprisingly, the analysis of the GDP-binding site reveals that the nucleotide- protein interactions are not mediated by Mg(2+). Furthermore, the residues that usually co-ordinate Mg(2+) through water molecules in the GTP-binding proteins, though conserved in SsEF-1alpha, are located quite far from the binding site. [(3)H]GDP binding experiments confirm that Mg(2+) has only a marginal effect on the nucleotide exchange reaction of SsEF-1alpha, although essential to GTPase activity elicited by SsEF-1alpha. Finally, structural comparisons of SsEF- 1alpha.GDP with yeast EF-1alpha in complex with the nucleotide exchange factor EF-1beta shows that a dramatic rearrangement of the overall structure of EF-1alpha occurs during the nucleotide exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Vitagliano
- Centro di Biocristallografia, CNR, via Mezzocannone 6, I-80134 Napoli, Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche Via Pansini 5, I-80131 Napoli and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacobiologiche, Università degli Studi di Catanzaro ‘Magna Graecia’, Catanzaro and CEINGE, Biotecnologie avanzate Scarl, Napoli, Italy Corresponding author e-mail: Deceased June 28, 2001
| | - Mariorosario Masullo
- Centro di Biocristallografia, CNR, via Mezzocannone 6, I-80134 Napoli, Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche Via Pansini 5, I-80131 Napoli and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacobiologiche, Università degli Studi di Catanzaro ‘Magna Graecia’, Catanzaro and CEINGE, Biotecnologie avanzate Scarl, Napoli, Italy Corresponding author e-mail: Deceased June 28, 2001
| | - Filomena Sica
- Centro di Biocristallografia, CNR, via Mezzocannone 6, I-80134 Napoli, Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche Via Pansini 5, I-80131 Napoli and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacobiologiche, Università degli Studi di Catanzaro ‘Magna Graecia’, Catanzaro and CEINGE, Biotecnologie avanzate Scarl, Napoli, Italy Corresponding author e-mail: Deceased June 28, 2001
| | - Adriana Zagari
- Centro di Biocristallografia, CNR, via Mezzocannone 6, I-80134 Napoli, Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche Via Pansini 5, I-80131 Napoli and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacobiologiche, Università degli Studi di Catanzaro ‘Magna Graecia’, Catanzaro and CEINGE, Biotecnologie avanzate Scarl, Napoli, Italy Corresponding author e-mail: Deceased June 28, 2001
| | - Vincenzo Bocchini
- Centro di Biocristallografia, CNR, via Mezzocannone 6, I-80134 Napoli, Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche Via Pansini 5, I-80131 Napoli and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacobiologiche, Università degli Studi di Catanzaro ‘Magna Graecia’, Catanzaro and CEINGE, Biotecnologie avanzate Scarl, Napoli, Italy Corresponding author e-mail: Deceased June 28, 2001
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Raimo G, Masullo M, Lombardo B, Bocchini V. The archaeal elongation factor 1alpha bound to GTP forms a ternary complex with eubacterial and eukaryal aminoacyl-tRNA. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:6012-8. [PMID: 10998062 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The archaeal Sulfolobus solfataricus elongation factor 1alpha (SsEF-1alpha) bound to GTP or to its analogue guanyl-5'-yl imido diphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] formed a ternary complex with either Escherichia coli Val-tRNAVal or Saccharomyces cerevisiae Phe-tRNAPhe as demonstrated by gel-shift and gel-filtration experiments. Evidence of such an interaction also came from the observation that SsEF-1alphaz.rad;Gpp(NH)p was able to display a protective effect against either the spontaneous deacylation or the digestion of aminoacyl-tRNA by RNase A. Protection against the deacylation of aminoacyl-tRNA allowed evaluatation of the affinity of SsEF-1alphaz. rad;Gpp(NH)p for both aminoacyl-tRNAs used. The K'd values of the ternary complex containing S. cerevisiae Phe-tRNAPhe or E. coli Val-tRNAVal were 0.3 microM and 4.4 microM, respectively. In both cases, the affinity of SsEF-1alphaz.rad;Gpp(NH)p for aminoacyl-tRNA was three orders of magnitude lower than that of the homologous eubacterial ternary complexes, but comparable with the affinity shown by the ternary complex involving eukaryal EF-1alpha [Negrutskii, B.S. & El'skaya, A.V. (1998) Prog. Nucleic Acids Res. 60, 47-77]. As already observed with eukaryal EF-1alpha, SsEF-1alpha in its GDP-bound form was also able to protect the ester bond of aminoacyl-tRNA, even though with a 10-fold lower efficiency compared with SsEF-1alphaz.rad;Gpp(NH)p. The overall results indicated that the archaeal elongation factor 1alpha shares several properties with eukaryal EF-1alpha but not with eubacterial EF-Tu.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raimo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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Raimo G, Masullo M, Bocchini V. The interaction between the archaeal elongation factor 1alpha and its nucleotide exchange factor 1beta. FEBS Lett 1999; 451:109-12. [PMID: 10371148 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In Sulfolobus solfataricus the binding of the exchange factor 1beta (SsEF-1beta) to SsEF-1alpha-GDP displaces the nucleotide and the SsEF-1alpha-SsEF-1beta complex is formed. The complex itself is stable, but it dissociates upon the addition of GDP or Gpp(NH)p but not ATP. Since the rate of the formation of the SsEF-1alpha-SsEF-1beta complex is significatively slower than the rate of the nucleotide exchange catalyzed by SsEF-1beta it can be inferred that in vivo the GDP/GTP exchange reaction proceeds via an SsEF-1alpha-SsEF-1beta interaction without involving the formation of a stable binary complex as an intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raimo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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9
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Bocchini V, Adinolfi BS, Arcari P, Arcucci A, Dello Russo A, De Vendittis E, Ianniciello G, Masullo M, Raimo G. Protein engineering on enzymes of the peptide elongation cycle in Sulfolobus solfataricus. Biochimie 1998; 80:895-8. [PMID: 9893948 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(00)88885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present article is a review of the work done on the elongation factors EF-1 alpha, EF-2 and EF-1 beta isolated from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. The molecular, physical and biochemical properties of the intact, truncated, mutant or chimeric forms are described and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bocchini
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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De Vendittis E, Bocchini V. Protein-encoding genes in the sulfothermophilic archaea Sulfolobus and Pyrococcus. Gene X 1996; 176:27-33. [PMID: 8918227 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(96)00203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of unrelated protein-encoding genes from sulfothermophilic archaea, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, Sulfolobus solfataricus, Pyrococcus furiosus and Pyrococcus woesei, has been analyzed. In the Sulfolobus genus, the content of A + T is significantly higher than that of C + G and the base usage follows the order, A > T > G > C. In Pyrococcus, the A + T content is also higher than that of C + G, but with lower values; in the order of base usage, G precedes T. The codon usage of these sulfothermophiles has been determined; alternative start codons are frequently used in both genera; codon preferences reflect the rich A + T composition of the corresponding genomes; for both genera the codon bias is particularly evident within the different arginine triplets, where AGA and AGG are predominant. From the similarities in the codon usage, close taxonomic relationships become evident within the Sulfolobus or the Pyrococcus genus; a lower, but significant similarity is also clear between these genera. The synonymous codon usage of these sulfothermophiles shows similarities with that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and bovine mitochondria, whereas clear divergences are observed with the halophilic archaeal genus, Halobacterium, or the eubacterium, Escherichia coli. The unrelated proteins of the considered sulfothermophiles have been analyzed for the content of hydrophobic residues; the comparison with mesophiles reveals a significant increase in the average hydrophobicity of amino acid residues. This finding could indicate a mechanism of adaptation of proteins in organisms living under extreme environments. It is noteworthy that an opposite trend, i.e. a decreased average hydrophobicity, occurs in unrelated halophilic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Vendittis
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Raimo G, Masullo M, Savino G, Scarano G, Ianniciello G, Parente A, Bocchini V. Archaeal elongation factor 1 beta is a dimer. Primary structure, molecular and biochemical properties. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1293:106-12. [PMID: 8652615 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(95)00233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The elongation factor 1 beta (EF-1 beta), that in eukarya and archaea promotes the replacement of GDP by GTP on the elongation factor 1 alpha x GDP complex, was purified to homogeneity from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus (SsEF-1 beta). Its primary structure was established by sequenced Edman degradation of the entire protein or its proteolytic peptides. The molecular weight of SsEF-1 beta was estimated as about 10000 or 20000 under denaturing or native conditions respectively; this finding suggests that the native protein exists as a dimer. The peptide chain of SsEF-1 beta is much shorter than that of its eukaryotic analogues and homology is found only at their C-terminal region; no homology exists between SsEF-1 beta and eubacterial EF-Ts. At 50 degrees C, at a concentration of SsEF-1 beta 5-fold higher than that of SsEF-1 alpha x [3H]GDP the rate of the exchange of [3H]GDP for GTP becomes about 160-fold faster. An analysis of the values of the energetic parameters indicates that in the presence of SsEF-1 beta the GDP/GTP exchange is entropically favoured. At 100 degrees C the half-life of SsEF-1 beta is about 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raimo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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De Vendittis E, Amatruda MR, Masullo M, Bocchini V. Cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding thermostable elongation factor 2 in Sulfolobus solfataricus. Gene 1993; 136:41-8. [PMID: 8294039 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The gene (aEF-2) coding for the translation elongation factor 2 (aEF-2) in the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium, Sulfolobus solfataricus, has been cloned and sequenced. The deduced primary structure of aEF-2 is composed of 735 amino acids (aa), excluding the Met start residue. There are no Cys residues and the calculated M(r) is 81,699. In the coding region of aEF-2, the high A + T content greatly influences the codon usage. From the alignment of the primary structure of aEF-2 with that of the analogous factors from the three kingdoms, aa identities were derived. The greatest identity (82%) was found with EF-2 from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius; lower values were observed with other archaebacterial EF-2 (45-47%), eukaryotic EF-2 (38-40%) and with the functional eubacterial analogue EF-G (28-31%). aEF-2 possesses the consensus sequences required for a GTP-binding protein and the four regions which are supposed to be involved in the functional regulation of EF-2/EF-G. These data should have phylogenetic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Vendittis
- Dipartimento di Biochemica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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13
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Arcari P, Russo AD, Ianniciello G, Gallo M, Bocchini V. Nucleotide sequence and molecular evolution of the gene coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus. Biochem Genet 1993; 31:241-51. [PMID: 8259927 DOI: 10.1007/bf00557333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A Sulfolobus solfataricus genomic library cloned in the EMBL3 phage was screened using as probes synthetic oligonucleotides designed from the known amino acid sequence of a peptide obtained from the purified glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (aGAPD) protein. The screening led to the isolation of six recombinant phages (lambda G1-lambda G6) and one of them (lambda G4) contained the entire GAPD gene. The deduced amino acid sequence accounts for a protein made of 341 amino acids and the initial methionine is encoded by a GTG triplet. Alignment of the S. solfataricus aGAPD sequence versus GAPD from archaea, eukarya, and bacteria showed that aGAPD is very similar to other archaebacterial but not to eukaryotic or eubacterial GAPD. For known archaebacterial GAPD sequences, the rate of nucleotide substitutions per site per year showed that these sequences are homologous not only at the amino acid but also at the nucleotide level. The evolutionary rates are nearly similar to those reported for other eukaryotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arcari
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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