1
|
Kretynin SV, Kolesnikov YS, Derevyanchuk MV, Kalachova TA, Blume YB, Khripach VA, Kravets VS. Brassinosteroids application induces phosphatidic acid production and modify antioxidant enzymes activity in tobacco in calcium-dependent manner. Steroids 2021; 168:108444. [PMID: 31295460 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones regulating various aspects of plant metabolism, including growth, development and stress responses. However, little is known about the mechanism of their impact on antioxidant systems and phospholipid turnover. Using tobacco plants overexpressing H+/Ca2+vacuolar Arabidopsis antiporter CAX1, we showed the role of Ca2+ ion balance in the reactive oxygen species production and rapid phosphatidic acid accumulation induced by exogenous BR. Combination of our experimental results with public transcriptomic and proteomic data revealed a particular role of Ca2+-dependent phospholipid metabolizing enzymes in BR signaling. Here we provide novel insights into the role of calcium balance and lipid-derived second messengers in plant responses to exogenous BRs and propose a complex model integrating BR-mediated metabolic changes with phospholipid turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serhiy V Kretynin
- Department of the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02660, Murmanska str. 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav S Kolesnikov
- Department of the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02660, Murmanska str. 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Michael V Derevyanchuk
- Department of the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02660, Murmanska str. 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana A Kalachova
- Department of the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02660, Murmanska str. 1, Kyiv, Ukraine; Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Yaroslav B Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 04123, Osypovskogo 2a, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir A Khripach
- Laboratory of Steroid Chemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141, Kuprevich str., 5, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Volodymyr S Kravets
- Department of the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02660, Murmanska str. 1, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sampaio LS, da Silva PA, Ribeiro VS, Castro-Chaves C, Lara LS, Vieyra A, Einicker-Lamas M. Bioactive lipids are altered in the kidney of chronic undernourished rats: is there any correlation with the progression of prevalent nephropathies? Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:245. [PMID: 29246161 PMCID: PMC5732436 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undernutrition during childhood leads to chronic diseases in adult life including hypertension, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Here we explore the hypothesis that physiological alterations in the bioactive lipids pattern within kidney tissue might be involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease. METHODS Membrane fractions from kidney homogenates of undernourished rats (RBD) were submitted to lipid extraction and analysis by thin layer chromatography and cholesterol determination. RESULTS Kidneys from RBD rats had 25% lower cholesterol content, which disturb membrane microdomains, affecting Ca2+ homeostasis and the enzymes responsible for important lipid mediators such as phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase, sphingosine kinase, diacylglicerol kinase and phospholipase A2. We observed a decrease in phosphatidylinositol(4)-phosphate (8.8 ± 0.9 vs. 3.6 ± 0.7 pmol.mg-1.mim-1), and an increase in phosphatidic acid (2.2 ± 0.8 vs. 3.8 ± 1.3 pmol.mg-1.mim-1), being these lipid mediators involved in the regulation of key renal functions. Ceramide levels are augmented in kidney tissue from RBD rats (18.7 ± 1.4 vs. 21.7 ± 1.5 fmol.mg-1.min-1) indicating an ongoing renal lesion. CONCLUSION Results point to an imbalance in the bioactive lipid generation with further consequences to key events related to kidney function, thus contributing to the establishment of chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luzia S Sampaio
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - CCS, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo A da Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - CCS, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biomedicina Translacional, Universidade do Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucienne S Lara
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - CCS, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biomedicina Translacional, Universidade do Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Einicker-Lamas
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - CCS, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Present Address: Laboratório de Biomembranas, Sala G1-037, Bloco G, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - CCS, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang F, Deng Y, Zhou Y, Dong J, Chen H, Dong Y, Wang N, Li X, Li H. Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiling of the Phospholipase C Gene Family in Soybean (Glycine max). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138467. [PMID: 26421918 PMCID: PMC4589352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate to produce diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. It plays an important role in plant development and abiotic stress responses. However, systematic analysis and expression profiling of the phospholipase C (PLC) gene family in soybean have not been reported. In this study, 12 putative PLC genes were identified in the soybean genome. Soybean PLCs were found on chromosomes 2, 11, 14 and 18 and encoded 58.8-70.06 kD proteins. Expression pattern analysis by RT-PCR demonstrated that expression of the GmPLCs was induced by PEG, NaCl and saline-alkali treatments in roots and leaves. GmPLC transcripts accumulated specifically in roots after ABA treatment. Furthermore, GmPLC transcripts were analyzed in various tissues. The results showed that GmPLC7 was highly expressed in most tissues, whereas GmPLC12 was expressed in early pods specifically. In addition, subcellular localization analysis was carried out and confirmed that GmPLC10 was localized in the plasma membrane in Nicotiana benthamiana. Our genomic analysis of the soybean PLC family provides an insight into the regulation of abiotic stress responses and development. It also provides a solid foundation for the functional characterization of the soybean PLC gene family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fawei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinye Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Tan Y, Shao Y, Li M, Ma F. Comprehensive genomic analysis and expression profiling of diacylglycerol kinase gene family in Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. Gene 2015; 561:225-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
5
|
González A, de los Ángeles Cabrera M, Mellado M, Cabello S, Márquez S, Morales B, Moenne A. Copper-induced intracellular calcium release requires extracellular calcium entry and activation of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels in Ulva compressa. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:728-32. [PMID: 22751323 PMCID: PMC3583951 DOI: 10.4161/psb.20355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The marine alga Ulva compressa exposed to 10 µM copper showed a triphasic increase of intracellular calcium with maximal levels at 2, 3 and 12 h involving the activation of ryanodine-, Ins(1,4,5)P3- and NAADP-sensitive calcium channels. In order to analyze the requirement of extracellular calcium entry for intracellular calcium release as well as the activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC) and phospholipase C, U. compressa was treated with EGTA, a non-permeable calcium chelating agent, with verapamil, nipfedipine and diltiazem, inhibitors of L-type VDCC, and with neomycin and U731222, inhibitors of phospholipase C. The release of intracellular calcium was partially inhibited with EGTA at 2 and 3 h and completely inhibited at 12 h of copper exposure and decreased with inhibitors of L-type VDCC and phospholipase C. Thus, copper-induced intracellular calcium release depends on calcium entry and activation of L-type VDCC and phospholipase C. An integrative model of copper-induced cellular responses in U. compressa is presented.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ge H, Chen C, Jing W, Zhang Q, Wang H, Wang R, Zhang W. The rice diacylglycerol kinase family: functional analysis using transient RNA interference. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:60. [PMID: 22639654 PMCID: PMC3355625 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) is a pivotal enzyme that phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DAG) to form phosphatidic acid (PA). The production of PA from phospholipase D (PLD) and the coupled phospholipase C/DGK route is an important signaling process in animal and plant cells. In this study, we report a genomic analysis of eight putative rice DGKs encoded by a gene family (OsDGKs) grouped into three clusters. To further investigate the functions of the OsDGKs, a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced RNA silencing method was established. Introduction of in vitro-synthesized dsRNAs corresponding to a unique or conserved region of OsDGKs into rice protoplasts abolished or diminished the expression of individual or multiple OsDGK genes. Suppressing the expression of OsDGKs resulted in a distinct depletion of the transcripts of the defense gene OsNPR1 and the salt-responsive gene OsCIPK15. Our primary results suggest that OsDGKs are involved in the signaling of stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Chu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Wen Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arisz SA, Testerink C, Munnik T. Plant PA signaling via diacylglycerol kinase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:869-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
8
|
The hydrophobic segment ofArabidopsis thalianacluster I diacylglycerol kinases is sufficient to target the proteins to cell membranes. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:1743-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
9
|
Lou Y, Ma H, Lin WH, Chu ZQ, Mueller-Roeber B, Xu ZH, Xue HW. The highly charged region of plant beta-type phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase is involved in membrane targeting and phospholipid binding. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 60:729-46. [PMID: 16649109 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-5548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, two types of PI 4-kinase (PI4Ks) have been isolated and functionally characterized. The alpha-type PI4Ks (approximately 220 kDa) contain a PH domain, which is lacking in beta-type PI4Ks (approximately 120 kDa). Beta-type PI4Ks, exemplified by Arabidopsis AtPI4Kbeta and rice OsPI4K2, contain a highly charged repetitive segment designated PPC (Plant PI4K Charged) region, which is an unique domain only found in plant beta-type PI4Ks at present. The PPC region has a length of approximately 300 amino acids and harboring 11 (AtPI4Kbeta) and 14 (OsPI4K2) repeats, respectively, of a 20-aa motif. Studies employing a modified yeast-based "Sequence of Membrane-Targeting Detection" system demonstrate that the PPC(OsPI4K2) region, as well as the former 8 and latter 6 repetitive motifs within the PPC region, are able to target fusion proteins to the plasma membrane. Further detection on the transiently expressed GFP fusion proteins in onion epidermal cells showed that the PPC(OsPI4K2) region alone, as well as the region containing repetitive motifs 1-8, was able to direct GFP to the plasma membrane, while the regions containing less repetitive motifs, i.e. 6, 4, 2 or single motif(s) led to predominantly intracellular localization. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of PPC-GFP fusion protein further confirms the membrane-targeting capacities of PPC region. In addition, the predominant plasma membrane localization of AtPI4Kbeta was mediated by the PPC region. Recombinant PPC peptide, expressed in E. coli, strongly binds phosphatidic acid, PI and PI4P, but not phosphatidylcholine, PI5P, or PI(4,5)P2 in vitro, providing insights into potential mechanisms for regulating sub-cellular localization and lipid binding for the plant beta-type PI4Ks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lou
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science (SiBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gómez-Merino FC, Arana-Ceballos FA, Trejo-Téllez LI, Skirycz A, Brearley CA, Dörmann P, Mueller-Roeber B. Arabidopsis AtDGK7, the smallest member of plant diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), displays unique biochemical features and saturates at low substrate concentration: the DGK inhibitor R59022 differentially affects AtDGK2 and AtDGK7 activity in vitro and alters plant growth and development. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:34888-99. [PMID: 16081412 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m506859200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) regulates the level of the second messenger diacylglycerol and produces phosphatidic acid (PA), another signaling molecule. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes seven putative diacylglycerol kinase isozymes (named AtDGK1 to -7), structurally falling into three major clusters. So far, enzymatic activity has not been reported for any plant Cluster II DGK. Here, we demonstrate that a representative of this cluster, AtDGK7, is biochemically active when expressed as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. AtDGK7, encoded by gene locus At4g30340, contains 374 amino acids with an apparent molecular mass of 41.2 kDa. AtDGK7 harbors an N-terminal catalytic domain, but in contrast to various characterized DGKs (including AtDGK2), it lacks a cysteine-rich domain at its N terminus, and, importantly, its C-terminal DGK accessory domain is incomplete. Recombinant AtDGK7 expressed in E. coli exhibits Michaelis-Menten type kinetics with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol as substrate. AtDGK7 activity was affected by pH, detergents, and the DGK inhibitor R59022. We demonstrate that both AtDGK2 and AtDGK7 phosphorylate diacylglycerol molecular species that are typically found in plants, indicating that both enzymes convert physiologically relevant substrates. AtDGK7 is expressed throughout the Arabidopsis plant, but expression is strongest in flowers and young seedlings. Expression of AtDGK2 is transiently induced by wounding. R59022 at approximately 80 mum inhibits root elongation and lateral root formation and reduces plant growth, indicating that DGKs play an important role in plant development.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/chemistry
- Arabidopsis/enzymology
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Bacteria/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cysteine/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Detergents/pharmacology
- Diacylglycerol Kinase/genetics
- Diacylglycerol Kinase/physiology
- Diglycerides
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genome, Plant
- Glycerol/analogs & derivatives
- Glycerol/chemistry
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Kinetics
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family
- Oleic Acids/chemistry
- Phosphatidic Acids/chemistry
- Plant Proteins/chemistry
- Plant Roots/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Pyrimidinones/pharmacology
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
- Substrate Specificity
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Time Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C Gómez-Merino
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Haus 20, Golm/Potsdam D-14476, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gómez-Merino FC, Brearley CA, Ornatowska M, Abdel-Haliem MEF, Zanor MI, Mueller-Roeber B. AtDGK2, a novel diacylglycerol kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana, phosphorylates 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol and exhibits cold-inducible gene expression. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:8230-41. [PMID: 14665624 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312187200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DAG) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). Both DAG and PA are implicated in signal transduction pathways. DGKs have been widely studied in animals, but their analysis in plants is fragmentary. Here, we report the cloning and biochemical characterization of AtDGK2, encoding DGK from Arabidopsis thaliana. AtDGK2 has a predicted molecular mass of 79.4 kDa and, like AtDGK1 previously reported, harbors two copies of a phorbol ester/DAG-binding domain in its N-terminal region. AtDGK2 belongs to a family of seven DGK genes in A. thaliana. AtDGK3 to AtDGK7 encode approximately 55-kDa DGKs that lack a typical phorbol ester/DAG-binding domain. Phylogenetically, plant DGKs fall into three clusters. Members of all three clusters are widely expressed in vascular plants. Recombinant AtDGK2 was expressed in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized. The enzyme phosphorylated 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol to yield PA, exhibiting Michaelis-Menten type kinetics. Estimated K(m) and V(max) values were 125 microm for DAG and 0.25 pmol of PA min(-1) microg(-1), respectively. The enzyme was maximally active at pH 7.2. Its activity was Mg(2+)-dependent and affected by the presence of detergents, salts, and the DGK inhibitor R59022, but not by Ca(2+). AtDGK2 exhibited substrate preference for unsaturated DAG analogues (i.e. 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol). The AtDGK2 gene is expressed in various tissues of the Arabidopsis plant, including leaves, roots, and flowers, as shown by Northern blot analysis and promoter-reporter gene fusions. We found that AtDGK2 is induced by exposure to low temperature (4 degrees C), pointing to a role in cold signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C Gómez-Merino
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Haus 20, D-14476 Golm/Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bovet L, Müller MO, Siegenthaler PA. Three distinct lipid kinase activities are present in spinach chloroplast envelope membranes: phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation is sensitive to wortmannin and not dependent on chloroplast ATP. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 289:269-75. [PMID: 11708811 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chloroplast envelope membranes display properties that are important in lipid synthesis, regulation of metabolites, and protein transport, as well as in signal transduction. The recent discovery showing that phosphorylation of lipids occurs in envelope membranes provides a new approach for understanding the role of chloroplast lipids in these processes. The present investigation shows that three major lipid kinase activities are at least present in envelope membranes. These activities greatly depend on external conditions, such as pH, ATP concentrations, temperature, and chloroplast ATP and wortmannin sensitivity. Two types of phosphorylated lipid couples displayed similar intrinsic responses toward these biochemical parameters, namely phosphatidic acid (PA) and its lysoderivative (LPA) and monogalactosyl-phosphate-diacylglycerol (MGpDG) and its lysoderivative (LMGpDG), but not phosphatidylinositol-monophosphate (PIP) and its lysoderivative (LPIP). Phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol was not dependent on chloroplast ATP, but was sensitive toward wortmannin in intact chloroplasts and outer envelope membrane vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Bovet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Université de Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 13, CH-2007 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Snedden WA, Blumwald E. Alternative splicing of a novel diacylglycerol kinase in tomato leads to a calmodulin-binding isoform. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2000; 24:317-26. [PMID: 11069705 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin is a regulatory protein activated during Ca2+ signalling. We have isolated a cDNA, designated LeCBDGK (Lycopersicon esculentum calmodulin-binding diacylglycerol kinase) encoding a novel calmodulin-binding protein with sequence similarity to diacylglycerol kinases from animals. Diacylglycerol kinases convert diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid. We delineated the calmodulin-binding domain to approximately 25 residues near the C-terminus of LeCBDGK. We have also isolated a second diacylglycerol kinase cDNA, designated LeDGK1, identical to LeCBDGK, except that it lacks the calmodulin-binding domain. Both recombinant LeCBDGK and LeDGK1 were catalytically active in vitro. Anti-DGK antiserum detected two immunoreactive proteins associated with microsomal and plasma membrane fractions from cell suspensions. The higher molecular weight immunoreactive protein was also present in soluble extracts and bound to calmodulin-agarose in the presence of calcium, demonstrating that native LeCBDGK is a calmodulin-binding protein. In the presence of calcium, LeCBDGK associated with membrane cell fractions in vitro, but calmodulin antagonists disrupted this association, suggesting a possible role of calcium in the recruitment of LeCBDGK from soluble to membrane cell fractions. Native LeCBDGK and calmodulin co-immunoprecipitated from tomato soluble cell extracts, suggesting their interaction in vivo. The same gene encodes both LeCBDGK and LeDGK1 and the calmodulin-binding domain of LeCBDGK is encoded by a separate exon. Thus, alternative transcript splicing leads to calmodulin-binding and non-binding forms of diacylglycerol kinases in tomato. Possible roles of LeCBDGK and LeDGK1 in calcium and lipid signalling are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W A Snedden
- Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Westergren T, Ekblad L, Jergil B, Sommarin M. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase associated with spinach plasma membranes. Isolation and characterization of two distinct forms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 121:507-16. [PMID: 10517842 PMCID: PMC59413 DOI: 10.1104/pp.121.2.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/1999] [Accepted: 06/22/1999] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Highly purified plasma membranes from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves contained phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) kinase activity that was firmly associated with the membrane. The enzyme was solubilized by detergent treatment (2% [w/v] Triton X-100) and purified by heparin-Sepharose and Q-Sepharose chromatography. Two enzymically active fractions, QI and QII, both exhibiting PtdIns 4-kinase activity, were resolved and purified 100- to 300-fold over the plasma membrane. QI and QII shared similar high apparent K(m) values for ATP (approximately 0.45 mM) and PtdIns (approximately 0.2 mM) and were insensitive to inhibition by adenosine. While Mg(2+) was the preferred divalent cation, Mn(2+) could partly substitute in the reaction catalyzed by the QII enzyme but not in that catalyzed by QI. Mn(2+) acted synergistically with suboptimal Mg(2+) concentrations to activate not only the QII enzyme, but also to some extent QI. Both enzymes were inhibited by millimolar concentrations of Ca(2+) and micromolar concentrations of wortmannin. The apparent molecular mass for QI was 120 kD, which was determined by SDS-PAGE and western blotting using an antibody against a peptide unique for lipid kinases and the binding of (3)H-wortmannin, and for QII 65 kD as determined by immunodetection and renaturation of PtdIns kinase activity in the 65-kD region of polyacrylamide gels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Westergren
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Lund University, Box 117, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Munnik T, Irvine RF, Musgrave A. Phospholipid signalling in plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1389:222-72. [PMID: 9512651 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2760(97)00158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Munnik
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, BioCentrum Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Katagiri T, Mizoguchi T, Shinozaki K. Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 30:647-53. [PMID: 8605313 DOI: 10.1007/bf00049339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) synthesizes phosphatidic acid from diacylglycerol, an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), to resynthesize phosphatidylinositols. The structure of DGK has not been characterized in plants. We report the cloning of a cDNA, cATDGK1, encoding DGK from Arabidopsis thaliana. The cATDGK1 CDNA contains an open reading frame of 2184 bp, and encodes a putative protein of 728 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 79.4 kDa. The deduced ATDGK1 amino acid sequence exhibits significant similarity to that of rat, pig, and Drosophila DGKs. The ATDGK1 mRNA was detected in roots, shoots, and leaves. Southern blot analysis suggests that the ATDGK1 gene is a single-copy gene. The existence of DGK as well as phospholipase C suggests the existence of PKC in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Katagiri
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tsukuba Life Science Center, Inaraki 305, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Haeffner EW. Diacylglycerol: formation and function in phospholipid-mediated signal transduction. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C, COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 1993; 105:337-45. [PMID: 7900958 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(93)90070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
1. Properties, distribution and multiplicity of phosphoinositidases (phospholipase C, PLC) are investigated. 2. Generation of diacylglycerol (DAG) by a variety of enzymes such as phosphoinositide and phosphatidylcholine specific PLC, by a combination of phospholipase D and phosphatidic hydrolase, and by triglyceride lipase is examined. 3. Ca2+ and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C act as the target of DAG messenger action. 4. There are differences in the formation of DAG in normal and transformal cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E W Haeffner
- FSP Diagnostik und Experimentelle Therapie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, F.R.G
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- B K Drøbak
- Department of Cell Biology, John Innes Centre for Plant Science Research, Norwich, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Several aspects of current research into the role of calcium in plant physiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02489443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- A M Hetherington
- Division of Biological Sciences, IEBS, Lancaster University, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|