1
|
Lax C, Mondo SJ, Osorio-Concepción M, Muszewska A, Corrochano-Luque M, Gutiérrez G, Riley R, Lipzen A, Guo J, Hundley H, Amirebrahimi M, Ng V, Lorenzo-Gutiérrez D, Binder U, Yang J, Song Y, Cánovas D, Navarro E, Freitag M, Gabaldón T, Grigoriev IV, Corrochano LM, Nicolás FE, Garre V. Symmetric and asymmetric DNA N6-adenine methylation regulates different biological responses in Mucorales. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6066. [PMID: 39025853 PMCID: PMC11258239 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA N6-adenine methylation (6mA) has recently gained importance as an epigenetic modification in eukaryotes. Its function in lineages with high levels, such as early-diverging fungi (EDF), is of particular interest. Here, we investigated the biological significance and evolutionary implications of 6mA in EDF, which exhibit divergent evolutionary patterns in 6mA usage. The analysis of two Mucorales species displaying extreme 6mA usage reveals that species with high 6mA levels show symmetric methylation enriched in highly expressed genes. In contrast, species with low 6mA levels show mostly asymmetric 6mA. Interestingly, transcriptomic regulation throughout development and in response to environmental cues is associated with changes in the 6mA landscape. Furthermore, we identify an EDF-specific methyltransferase, likely originated from endosymbiotic bacteria, as responsible for asymmetric methylation, while an MTA-70 methylation complex performs symmetric methylation. The distinct phenotypes observed in the corresponding mutants reinforced the critical role of both types of 6mA in EDF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lax
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Stephen J Mondo
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Macario Osorio-Concepción
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Anna Muszewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Gabriel Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Robert Riley
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jie Guo
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hope Hundley
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mojgan Amirebrahimi
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Vivian Ng
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Damaris Lorenzo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ulrike Binder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Junhuan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China
| | - David Cánovas
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eusebio Navarro
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Michael Freitag
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Luis M Corrochano
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Francisco E Nicolás
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Victoriano Garre
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li S, Tahiri G, Yang J, Mohamed H, Liu Q, Shi W, López-García S, Garre V, Song Y. Role of AMP Deaminase in Mucor circinelloides: Implications for Nitrogen Utilization and Lipid Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15680-15691. [PMID: 37822229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in oleaginous organisms is initiated by AMP deaminase (AMPD) after nitrogen depletion because it mediates the concentration of intracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP). However, the role of AMPD in lipogenesis in the oleaginous fungus Mucor circinelloides is largely unknown. Therefore, we identified the genes (ampd1 and ampd2) encoding AMPD and investigated the role of AMPD in lipid synthesis in this fungus by overexpressing and deleting ampd genes. Deletion of ampd1 and ampd2 caused 21 and 28% increments in lipid contents under N-limited conditions, respectively. These increases were correlated with the activation of enzymes involved in lipogenesis and the alteration of energy balance. Unexpectedly, overexpression of ampd genes affected nitrogen consumption in both N-limited and N-excess media, which resulted in an increase in cell growth and lipid accumulation compared with the control strain when nitrogen was available. Furthermore, the increased lipid accumulation in the ampd-overexpressing mutants in N-excess media was accompanied by enhanced activities of lipid biosynthetic enzymes. These data suggested that nitrogen metabolism and energy metabolism are affected by AMPD, and overexpression of ampd genes induced lipid accumulation under nitrogen-rich conditions by mimicking the nitrogen limitation response. This highlights an intriguing function of AMPD in M. circinelloides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqi Li
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Ghizlane Tahiri
- Departmento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 3100, Spain
| | - Junhuan Yang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Qing Liu
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Wenyue Shi
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Sergio López-García
- Departmento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 3100, Spain
| | - Victoriano Garre
- Departmento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 3100, Spain
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sigtryggsson C, Karlsson Potter H, Passoth V, Hansson PA. From straw to salmon: a technical design and energy balance for production of yeast oil for fish feed from wheat straw. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:140. [PMID: 37730644 PMCID: PMC10512599 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaculture is a major user of plant-derived feed ingredients, such as vegetable oil. Production of vegetable oil and protein is generally more energy-intensive than production of the marine ingredients they replace, so increasing inclusion of vegetable ingredients increases the energy demand of the feed. Microbial oils, such as yeast oil made by fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysate, have been proposed as a complement to plant oils, but energy assessments of microbial oil production are needed. This study presents a mass and energy balance for a biorefinery producing yeast oil through conversion of wheat straw hydrolysate, with co-production of biomethane and power. RESULTS The results showed that 1 tonne of yeast oil (37 GJ) would require 9.2 tonnes of straw, 14.7 GJ in fossil primary energy demand, 14.6 GJ of process electricity and 13.3 GJ of process heat, while 21.5 GJ of biomethane (430 kg) and 6 GJ of excess power would be generated simultaneously. By applying economic allocation, the fossil primary energy demand was estimated to 11.9 GJ per tonne oil. CONCLUSIONS Fossil primary energy demand for yeast oil in the four scenarios studied was estimated to be 10-38% lower than for the commonly used rapeseed oil and process energy demand could be met by parallel combustion of lignin residues. Therefore, feed oil can be produced from existing non-food biomass without causing agricultural expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sigtryggsson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Karlsson Potter
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Hansson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Microbial pathways for advanced biofuel production. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:987-1001. [PMID: 35411379 PMCID: PMC9162456 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Decarbonisation of the transport sector is essential to mitigate anthropogenic climate change. Microbial metabolisms are already integral to the production of renewable, sustainable fuels and, building on that foundation, are being re-engineered to generate the advanced biofuels that will maintain mobility of people and goods during the energy transition. This review surveys the range of natural and engineered microbial systems for advanced biofuels production and summarises some of the techno-economic challenges associated with their implementation at industrial scales.
Collapse
|
5
|
Fazili ABA, Shah AM, Zan X, Naz T, Nosheen S, Nazir Y, Ullah S, Zhang H, Song Y. Mucor circinelloides: a model organism for oleaginous fungi and its potential applications in bioactive lipid production. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:29. [PMID: 35227264 PMCID: PMC8883733 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial oils have gained massive attention because of their significant role in industrial applications. Currently plants and animals are the chief sources of medically and nutritionally important fatty acids. However, the ever-increasing global demand for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) cannot be met by the existing sources. Therefore microbes, especially fungi, represent an important alternative source of microbial oils being investigated. Mucor circinelloides—an oleaginous filamentous fungus, came to the forefront because of its high efficiency in synthesizing and accumulating lipids, like γ-linolenic acid (GLA) in high quantity. Recently, mycelium of M. circinelloides has acquired substantial attraction towards it as it has been suggested as a convenient raw material source for the generation of biodiesel via lipid transformation. Although M. circinelloides accumulates lipids naturally, metabolic engineering is found to be important for substantial increase in their yields. Both modifications of existing pathways and re-formation of biosynthetic pathways in M. circinelloides have shown the potential to improve lipid levels. In this review, recent advances in various important metabolic aspects of M. circinelloides have been discussed. Furthermore, the potential applications of M. circinelloides in the fields of antioxidants, nutraceuticals, bioremediation, ethanol production, and carotenoids like beta carotene and astaxanthin having significant nutritional value are also deliberated.
Collapse
|
6
|
Soccol CR, Colonia BSO, de Melo Pereira GV, Mamani LDG, Karp SG, Thomaz Soccol V, Penha RDO, Dalmas Neto CJ, César de Carvalho J. Bioprospecting lipid-producing microorganisms: From metagenomic-assisted isolation techniques to industrial application and innovations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126455. [PMID: 34863851 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, lipid-producing microorganisms have been obtained via conventional bioprospecting based on isolation and screening techniques, demanding time and effort. Thus, high-throughput sequencing combined with conventional microbiological approaches has emerged as an advanced and rapid strategy for recovering novel oleaginous microorganisms from target environments. This review highlights recent developments in lipid-producing microorganism bioprospecting, following (i) from traditional cultivation techniques to state-of-the-art metagenomics approaches; (ii) related topics on workflow, next-generation sequencing platforms, and knowledge bioinformatics; and (iii) biotechnological potential of the production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by Aurantiochytrium limacinum, arachidonic acid (ARA) by Mortierella alpina and biodiesel by Rhodosporidium toruloides. These three species have been shown to be highly promising and studied in research articles, patents and commercialized products. Trends, innovations and future perspectives of these microorganisms are also addressed. Thus, these microbial lipids allow the development of food, feed and biofuels as alternative solutions to animal and vegetable oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Luis Daniel Goyzueta Mamani
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Susan Grace Karp
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Oliveira Penha
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos José Dalmas Neto
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Júlio César de Carvalho
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mucoromycota fungi as powerful cell factories for modern biorefinery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:101-115. [PMID: 34889982 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biorefinery employing fungi can be a strategy for valorizing low-cost rest materials, by-products and wastes into several valuable bioproducts through the fungal fermentation. Mucoromycota fungi are soil fungi with a highly versatile metabolic system that positions them as powerful microbial cell factories for biorefinery applications. Lipids, pigments, chitin/chitosan, polyphosphates, ethanol, organic acids and enzymes are main Mucoromycota products that can be refined from the fermentation process and applied in nutrition, chemical or biofuel industries. In addition, Mucoromycota biomass can be used as it is for specific purposes, such as feed. Mucoromycota fungi can be employed in developing co-production processes, whereby several intra- and extracellular products are simultaneously formed in a single fermentation process, and, thus, economic viability of the process can be improved. This mini review provides a comprehensive overview over the recent advances in the production of valuable metabolites by Mucoromycota fungi and fermentation strategies which could be potentially applied in the industrial biorefinery settings. KEY POINTS: • Biorefineries utilizing Mucoromycota fungi as production cell factories can provide a wide range of bioproducts. • Mucoromycota fungi are able to perform co-production of various metabolites in a single fermentation process. • Versatile metabolism of Mucoromycota allows valorization of a various low-cost substrates such as wastes and rest materials.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus: A Versatile Whole-Cell Biocatalyst for the Production of Single-Cell Oil from Agro-Industrial Wastes. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus is an oleaginous yeast with several favourable qualities: It is fast growing, accumulates high amounts of lipids and has a very broad substrate spectrum. Its resistance to hydrolysis by-products makes it a promising biocatalyst for custom tailored microbial oils. C. oleaginosus can accumulate up to 60 wt.% of its biomass as lipids. This species is able to grow by using several compounds as a substrate, such as acetic acid, biodiesel-derived glycerol, N-acetylglucosamine, lignocellulosic hydrolysates, wastepaper and other agro-industrial wastes. This review is focused on state-of-the-art innovative and sustainable biorefinery schemes involving this promising yeast and second- and third-generation biomasses. Moreover, this review offers a comprehensive and updated summary of process strategies, biomass pretreatments and fermentation conditions for enhancing lipid production by C. oleaginosus as a whole-cell biocatalyst. Finally, an overview of the main industrial applications of single-cell oil is reported together with future perspectives.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chang L, Lu H, Chen H, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Lipid metabolism research in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina: Current progress and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107794. [PMID: 34245810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina has distinct advantages in long-chain PUFAs production, and it is the only source for dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) certificated by FDA and European Commission. This review provides an overall introduction to M. alpina, including its major research methods, key factors governing lipid biosynthesis, metabolic engineering and omics studies. Currently, the research interests in M. alpina focus on improving lipid yield and fatty acid desaturation degree by enhancing fatty acid precursors and the reducing power NADPH, and genetic manipulation on PUFAs synthetic pathways is carried to optimise fatty acid composition. Besides, multi-omics studies have been applied to elucidate the global regulatory mechanism of lipogenesis in M. alpina. However, research challenges towards achieving a lipid cell factory lie in strain breeding and cost control due to the coenocytic mycelium, long fermentation period and insufficient conversion rate from carbon to lipid. We also proposed future research goals based on a multilevel regulating strategy: obtaining ideal chassis by directional evolution and high-throughput screening; rewiring central carbon metabolism and inhibiting competitive pathways by multi-gene manipulation system to enhance carbon to lipid conversion rate; optimisation of protein function based on post-translational modification; application of dynamic fermentation strategies suitable for different fermentation phases. By reviewing the comprehensive research progress of this oleaginous fungus, we aim to further comprehend the fungal lipid metabolism and provide reference information and guidelines for the exploration of microbial oils from the perspectives of fundamental research to industrial application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mass spore production of Mucor circinelloides on rice. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:311. [PMID: 34109096 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucor circinelloides is a fungus that produces diverse spores throughout its life cycle. The sporangiospores, which are the most well-studied spores in this fungus, are asexual spores produced during aerial mycelial development. M. circinelloides has the potential to be used in diverse biotechnological applications. In this study, we propose rice (Oryza sativa) grains as an alternative substrate for inexpensive and large-scale sporangiospore production. The sporangiospores produced from rice and a yeast extract-peptone-glucose (YPG) medium exhibited similar protein and nucleic acid contents and phenotypes in terms of germination under different conditions and culture media, including similar virulence rates against the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Transgenic strains carrying self-replicative plasmids were sporulated on rice and showed plasmid stability similar to that of spores produced on the YPG medium. Approximately 20% of the spore population lost plasmids after the first passage on rice. These results reveal that rice is a suitable substrate for the mass production of sporangiospores in M. circinelloides. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02853-1.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kieliszek M, Dourou M. Effect of Selenium on the Growth and Lipid Accumulation of Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1611-1622. [PMID: 32632749 PMCID: PMC7886723 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increase attention on the effect of selenium (Se) on metabolic processes of microorganisms. Strains belonging to the genus of Yarrowia are of great biotechnological interest for various industries. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 10 mg/L of Se on the growth and lipid production of two Yarrowia lipolytica strains: the ACA DC 50109 and one more with increased oleagenicity, derived after ALE methodology (referred here as Y. lipolytica ALE_70). The presence of Se in the growth medium negatively affected both cell mass production and total lipid accumulation, for both Y. lipolytica strains. Fractionation of total lipids showed an inhibition on neutral lipid (NL) synthesis and consequently, an increase of polar lipids (glycolipids plus sphingolipids, and phospholipids) on the lipids of the Se-enriched ACA DC 50109 strain; however, the NL/polar ratio of the Se-enriched ALE_70 indicated that Se, apart from the inhibition of NL synthesis, provoked also the accumulation of polar lipids in this strain. In addition, the fatty acid (FA) composition was differently affected by Se. Se-enriched total lipids of the ALE_70 strain were enriched in linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), which resulted in increase of the unsaturated index. On the other hand, Se-enriched lipids of the ACA DC 50109 strain were more saturated, as the percentage of palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids increased in the total FAs. Moreover, it seems that Se influenced the activity or the expression of desaturases and elongase in both strains. Finally, the supplementation of growth medium with Se affected cell morphology, as well as the size and distribution of lipid droplets inside the yeast cells. According to our opinion, Se caused stress conditions and the consequence of that was the occurrence of metabolic disorders that affected cell mass, lipid content, and/or morphological structures. The results of the present study suggest that further research should be carried out to understand the background of the lipogenesis process in yeast cells cultured under stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marianna Dourou
- Unit of Microbiology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mhlongo SI, Ezeokoli OT, Roopnarain A, Ndaba B, Sekoai PT, Habimana O, Pohl CH. The Potential of Single-Cell Oils Derived From Filamentous Fungi as Alternative Feedstock Sources for Biodiesel Production. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:637381. [PMID: 33584636 PMCID: PMC7876240 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.637381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial lipids, also known as single-cell oils (SCOs), are highly attractive feedstocks for biodiesel production due to their fast production rates, minimal labor requirements, independence from seasonal and climatic changes, and ease of scale-up for industrial processing. Among the SCO producers, the less explored filamentous fungi (molds) exhibit desirable features such as a repertoire of hydrolyzing enzymes and a unique pellet morphology that facilitates downstream harvesting. Although several oleaginous filamentous fungi have been identified and explored for SCO production, high production costs and technical difficulties still make the process less attractive compared to conventional lipid sources for biodiesel production. This review aims to highlight the ability of filamentous fungi to hydrolyze various organic wastes for SCO production and explore current strategies to enhance the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the SCO production and recovery process. The review also highlights the mechanisms and components governing lipogenic pathways, which can inform the rational designs of processing conditions and metabolic engineering efforts for increasing the quality and accumulation of lipids in filamentous fungi. Furthermore, we describe other process integration strategies such as the co-production with hydrogen using advanced fermentation processes as a step toward a biorefinery process. These innovative approaches allow for integrating upstream and downstream processing units, thus resulting in an efficient and cost-effective method of simultaneous SCO production and utilization for biodiesel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sizwe I. Mhlongo
- Discipline of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Obinna T. Ezeokoli
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ashira Roopnarain
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Busiswa Ndaba
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Patrick T. Sekoai
- The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Olivier Habimana
- The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Carolina H. Pohl
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Demir M, Gündes AG. Single-cell oil production by Mortierella isabellina DSM 1414 using different sugars as carbon source. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3050. [PMID: 32681602 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pure carbon sources, especially carbohydrates which are raw materials deriving from agro-industrial processes, are often used for small-scale single-cell oil production by fermentation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different pure carbon sources on cell growth, lipid accumulation, and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) production by the filamentous fungus Mortierella isabellina DSM 1414 (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen). The sugars utilized in this study are found extensively and abundantly in nature, especially in food raw materials and, in consequence, in agro-food industry wastes or surpluses. Thus, the potential of many waste materials containing these sugars to be used in the production of single-cell oil by fermentation could also be evaluated. The effects of the sugars utilized on cell growth, biomass production, and lipid production were investigated. Fatty acids were also analysed in the lipids produced at the end of the fermentations. Results showed that the maximum biomass production was 10.80 g/L in lactose-based media, while the maximum oil production was 5.44 g/L in maltose-based media. Oleic (20.42%-42.94%), palmitic (14.96%-22.19%), and stearic (9.00%-26.92%) acids were the major fatty acids along with linoleic acid (11.35%-18.67%) and GLA (3.56%-8.04%). The production of GLA as the target fatty acid was remarkable. This study indicates that agro-industrial waste including most of the sugars utilized (except for arabinose and sucrose with lipid production of 0.81 and 0.28 g/L, respectively) can be employed for production of single-cell oil by M. isabellina DSM 1414 which contains a high amount of GLA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muammer Demir
- Deptartment of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Harnessing the Power of Mutagenesis and Adaptive Laboratory Evolution for High Lipid Production by Oleaginous Microalgae and Yeasts. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12125125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oleaginous microalgae and yeasts represent promising candidates for large-scale production of lipids, which can be utilized for production of drop-in biofuels, nutraceuticals, pigments, and cosmetics. However, low lipid productivity and costly downstream processing continue to hamper the commercial deployment of oleaginous microorganisms. Strain improvement can play an essential role in the development of such industrial microorganisms by increasing lipid production and hence reducing production costs. The main means of strain improvement are random mutagenesis, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE), and rational genetic engineering. Among these, random mutagenesis and ALE are straight forward, low-cost, and do not require thorough knowledge of the microorganism’s genetic composition. This paper reviews available mutagenesis and ALE techniques and screening methods to effectively select for oleaginous microalgae and yeasts with enhanced lipid yield and understand the alterations caused to metabolic pathways, which could subsequently serve as the basis for further targeted genetic engineering.
Collapse
|
15
|
Fungi (Mold)-Based Lipid Production. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 31148121 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9484-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for the development of alternative energy sources with a focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and striving toward a sustainable economy. Bioethanol and biodiesel are currently the primary choices of alternative transportation fuels. At present, biodiesel is not competitive with conventional fuel due to its high price, and the only way to compete with conventional fuel is to improve the quality, reduce the costs, and coproduce value-added products. With the high demand for lipids in the energy sector and other industrial applications, microbial lipids accumulated from microorganisms, especially oleaginous fungi and yeasts have been the important topic of many recent research studies. This chapter summarizes the current status of knowledge and technology about lipid production by oleaginous fungi and yeasts for biofuel applications and other value-added products. The chapter focuses on several aspects such as the most promising oleaginous strains, strain development, improvement of lipid production, methods and protocols to cultivate oleaginous fungi, substrate utilization, fermentation process design, and downstream processing. The feasibility and challenges during the large-scale commercial production of microbial lipids as fuel sources are also discussed. It provides an overview of microbial lipid production biorefinery and also future development directions.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tsakona S, Papadaki A, Kopsahelis N, Kachrimanidou V, Papanikolaou S, Koutinas A. Development of a Circular Oriented Bioprocess for Microbial Oil Production Using Diversified Mixed Confectionery Side-Streams. Foods 2019; 8:E300. [PMID: 31370368 PMCID: PMC6723147 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversified mixed confectionery waste streams were utilized in a two-stage bioprocess to formulate a nutrient-rich fermentation media for microbial oil production. Solid-state fermentation was conducted for the production of crude enzyme consortia to be subsequently applied in hydrolytic reactions to break down starch, disaccharides, and proteins into monosaccharides, amino acids, and peptides. Crude hydrolysates were evaluated in bioconversion processes using the red yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides DSM 4444 both in batch and fed-batch mode. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, during fed-batch cultures, the concentration of microbial lipids reached 16.6-17 g·L-1 with the intracellular content being more than 40% (w/w) in both hydrolysates applied. R. toruloides was able to metabolize mixed carbon sources without catabolite repression. The fatty acid profile of the produced lipids was altered based on the substrate employed in the bioconversion process. Microbial lipids were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, with oleic acid being the major fatty acid (61.7%, w/w). This study showed that mixed food side-streams could be valorized for the production of microbial oil with high unsaturation degree, pointing towards the potential to produce tailor-made lipids for specific food applications. Likewise, the proposed process conforms unequivocally to the principles of the circular economy, as the entire quantity of confectionery by-products are implemented to generate added-value compounds that will find applications in the same original industry, thus closing the loop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Tsakona
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Papadaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, 28100 Argostoli, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Kopsahelis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, 28100 Argostoli, Greece
| | | | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Weinstein RN, Montiel PO, Johnstone K. Influence of growth temperature on lipid and soluble carbohydrate synthesis by fungi isolated from fellfield soil in the maritime Antarctic. Mycologia 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2000.12061148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard N. Weinstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA England
| | - Pedro O. Montiel
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET England
| | - Keith Johnstone
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA England
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rodrigues Reis CE, Bento HBS, Carvalho AKF, Rajendran A, Hu B, De Castro HF. Critical applications of Mucor circinelloides within a biorefinery context. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:555-570. [PMID: 30931637 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1592104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of an efficient and feasible biorefinery model depends on, among other factors, particularly the selection of the most appropriate microorganism. Mucor circinelloides is a dimorphic fungus species able to produce a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes, lipids prone to biodiesel production, carotenoids, ethanol, and biomass with significant nutritional value. M. circinelloides also has been selected as a model species for genetic modification by being the first filamentous oleaginous species to have its genome fully characterized, as well as being a species characterized as a potential bioremediation agent. Considering the potential of replacing several nonrenewable feedstocks is widely dependent on fossil fuels, the exploitation of microbial processes and products is a desirable solution for promoting a green and sustainable future. Here, we introduce and thoroughly describe the recent and critical applications of this remarkable fungus within the context of developing a fungal-based biorefinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano E Rodrigues Reis
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena , University of São Paulo , Lorena , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Heitor B S Bento
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena , University of São Paulo , Lorena , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ana K F Carvalho
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena , University of São Paulo , Lorena , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Aravindan Rajendran
- b Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering , University of Minnesota , Saint Paul , MN , USA
| | - Bo Hu
- b Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering , University of Minnesota , Saint Paul , MN , USA
| | - Heizir F De Castro
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena , University of São Paulo , Lorena , São Paulo , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ahmad FB, Zhang Z, Doherty WO, O’Hara IM. The prospect of microbial oil production and applications from oil palm biomass. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
20
|
Lipid production by Lipomyces starkeyi using sap squeezed from felled old oil palm trunks. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 127:726-731. [PMID: 30642786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability of oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi to efficiently produce lipids when cultivated on sap extracted from felled oil palm trunk (OPT) as a novel inexpensive renewable carbon source was evaluated. OPT sap was found to contain approximately 98 g/L glucose and 32 g/L fructose. Batch fermentations were performed using three different OPT sap medium conditions: regular sap, enriched sap, and enriched sap at pH 5.0. Under all sap medium conditions, the cell biomass and lipid production achieved were approximately 30 g/L and 60% (w/w), respectively. L. starkeyi tolerated acidified medium (initial pH ≈ 3) and produced considerable amounts of ethanol as well as xylitol as by-products. The fatty acid profile of L. starkeyi was remarkably similar to that of palm oil, one of the most common vegetable oil feedstock used in biodiesel production with oleic acid as the major fatty acid followed by palmitic, stearic and linoleic acids.
Collapse
|
21
|
Yousuf A, Ethiraj B, Khan MR, Pirozzi D. Fungal Biorefinery for the Production of Single Cell Oils as Advanced Biofuels. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90379-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
22
|
Bracharz F, Beukhout T, Mehlmer N, Brück T. Opportunities and challenges in the development of Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509 as a new cell factory for custom tailored microbial oils. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:178. [PMID: 29070039 PMCID: PMC5657120 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509, previously known as Trichosporon oleaginosus, Cryptococcus curvatus, Apiotrichum curvatum or Candida curvata D is an oleaginous yeast with several favorable qualities: it is fast growing, accumulates high amounts of lipid and has a very broad substrate spectrum. Its resistance to hydrolysis byproducts and genetic accessibility make it a promising cell factory for custom tailored microbial oils. However, literature about this organism is of varying degree of quality. Moreover, due to numerous changes of the species name, reports are highly scattered and poorly cited. This led to a poor integration of the findings into a unified body of knowledge. Particularly, errors in strain name usage and consequently citation are found even in most recent literature. To simplify future work, this review provides an overview of published studies and main findings regarding the metabolic capacities of C. oleaginosus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bracharz
- Technische Universität München, Division of Industrial Biocatalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Teun Beukhout
- Westerdijk Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Technische Universität München, Division of Industrial Biocatalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Technische Universität München, Division of Industrial Biocatalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rivaldi JD, Carvalho AKF, da Conceição LRV, de Castro HF. Assessing the potential of fatty acids produced by filamentous fungi as feedstock for biodiesel production. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:970-976. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1365246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Daniel Rivaldi
- Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Ana Karine F. Carvalho
- Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Heizir F. de Castro
- Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Panda SK, Ray RC, Mishra SS, Kayitesi E. Microbial processing of fruit and vegetable wastes into potential biocommodities: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:1-16. [PMID: 28462596 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1311295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The review focuses on some of the high value-end biocommodities, such as fermented beverages, single-cell proteins, single-cell oils, biocolors, flavors, fragrances, polysaccharides, biopesticides, plant growth regulators, bioethanol, biogas and biohydrogen, developed from the microbial processing of fruit and vegetable wastes. Microbial detoxification of fruit and vegetable processing effluents is briefly described. The advances in genetic engineering of microorganisms for enhanced yield of the above-mentioned biocommodities are elucidated with selected examples. The bottleneck in commercialization, integrated approach for improved production, techno-economical feasibility and real-life uses of some of these biocommodities, as well as research gaps and future directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Panda
- a Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science , University of Johannesburg , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Ramesh C Ray
- b Microbiology Research Laboratory, ICAR- Regional Centre of Central Tuber Crops Research Institute , Bhubaneswar , India
| | - Swati S Mishra
- c Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources , Central University of Orissa , Koraput , India
| | - Eugenie Kayitesi
- a Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science , University of Johannesburg , Johannesburg , South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Muniraj IK, Uthandi S, Xiao L, Hu Z, Zhan X. Molecular Diversity of Oleaginous Fungi in Irish Soil and Their Potential for Biodiesel Production. Fungal Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-34106-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
26
|
Xu J, Zhao X, Du W, Liu D. Bioconversion of glycerol into lipids by Rhodosporidium toruloides in a two-stage process and characterization of lipid properties. Eng Life Sci 2016; 17:303-313. [PMID: 32624776 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodosporidium toruloides AS 2.1389 has been considered a promising oleaginous strain due to its flexible substrate adaptability, high lipid content, and coproduction of some pigments. In previous work, R. toruloides has shown good potential to directly convert crude glycerol into intracellular lipids. However, the difference in nutritional demand between cell growth and lipid accumulation was found to be a dilemma. Therefore, a glycerol-based two-stage process was proposed in the present work to separately meet the nutritional demand of both the cell proliferation phase and lipid accumulation phase. Factors that affect microbial conversion of glycerol into lipid were investigated, statistically analyzed, and optimized. As a result, 26.5 g L-1 biomass with 10 g L-1 lipid was obtained in the two-stage process. Lipid yield (0.20 g g-1) and productivity (0.083 g L-1 h-1) achieved were significantly higher than the previously optimized batch culture. In R. toruloides lipids, the dominant fatty acid compositions are palmitic acid (28.5%), stearic acid (12.9%), oleic acid (41.3%), and linoleic acid (12.8%). Phospholipids accounts for 0.63% in total lipid. Lipase-catalyzed methanolysis could achieve up to 95% biodiesel yield. The characterization of R. toruloides lipid suggests its great application potential for biodiesel and specialty-type lipid products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Science and Technology Zhejiang Police College Hangzhou China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Xuebing Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Wei Du
- Institute of Applied Chemistry Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Dehua Liu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Malaiwong N, Yongmanitchai W, Chonudomkul D. Optimization of arachidonic acid production from Mortierella alpina PRAO7-10 by response surface methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anres.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
28
|
Garay LA, Sitepu IR, Cajka T, Chandra I, Shi S, Lin T, German JB, Fiehn O, Boundy-Mills KL. Eighteen new oleaginous yeast species. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 43:887-900. [PMID: 27072563 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Of 1600 known species of yeasts, about 70 are known to be oleaginous, defined as being able to accumulate over 20 % intracellular lipids. These yeasts have value for fundamental and applied research. A survey of yeasts from the Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, University of California Davis was performed to identify additional oleaginous species within the Basidiomycota phylum. Fifty-nine strains belonging to 34 species were grown in lipid inducing media, and total cell mass, lipid yield and triacylglycerol profiles were determined. Thirty-two species accumulated at least 20 % lipid and 25 species accumulated over 40 % lipid by dry weight. Eighteen of these species were not previously reported to be oleaginous. Triacylglycerol profiles were suitable for biodiesel production. These results greatly expand the number of known oleaginous yeast species, and reveal the wealth of natural diversity of triacylglycerol profiles within wild-type oleaginous Basidiomycetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Garay
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616-8598, USA
| | - Irnayuli R Sitepu
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616-8598, USA.,Bioentrepreneurship Department, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jalan Pulo Mas Barat Kav. 88, East Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 13210, Indonesia
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Metabolomics, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Idelia Chandra
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616-8598, USA
| | - Sandy Shi
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616-8598, USA
| | - Ting Lin
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616-8598, USA
| | - J Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- Metabolomics, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kyria L Boundy-Mills
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616-8598, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Production of Palmitoleic and Linoleic Acid in Oleaginous and Nonoleaginous Yeast Biomass. Int J Anal Chem 2016; 2016:7583684. [PMID: 27022398 PMCID: PMC4789058 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7583684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the possibility of utilizing both oleaginous yeast species accumulating large amounts of lipids (Yarrowia lipolytica, Rhodotorula glutinis, Trichosporon cutaneum, and Candida sp.) and traditional biotechnological nonoleaginous ones (Kluyveromyces polysporus, Torulaspora delbrueckii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as potential producers of dietetically important major fatty acids. The main objective was to examine the cultivation conditions that would induce a high ratio of dietary fatty acids and biomass. Though genus-dependent, the type of nitrogen source had a higher influence on biomass yield than the C/N ratio. The nitrogen source leading to the highest lipid accumulation was potassium nitrate, followed by ammonium sulfate, which is an ideal nitrogen source supporting, in both oleaginous and nonoleaginous species, sufficient biomass growth with concomitantly increased lipid accumulation. All yeast strains displayed high (70–90%) content of unsaturated fatty acids in total cell lipids. The content of dietary fatty acids of interest, namely, palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid, reached in Kluyveromyces and Trichosporon strains over 50% of total fatty acids and the highest yield, over 280 mg per g of dry cell weight of these fatty acids, was observed in Trichosporon with ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source at C/N ratio 70.
Collapse
|
30
|
Muniraj IK, Xiao L, Liu H, Zhan X. Utilisation of potato processing wastewater for microbial lipids and γ-linolenic acid production by oleaginous fungi. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:3084-3090. [PMID: 25504420 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial lipids are considered as the starting material for production of second-generation biofuels and their polyunsaturated fatty acids are rich sources of neutraceuticals. Exploring cheap feedstock for producing microbial lipids is necessary. The present study examined the potential of microbial lipids and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) production by two oleaginous fungi, Aspergillus flavus I16-3 and Mucor rouxii, with potato processing wastewater as a low-cost or no-cost nutrient source. RESULTS Biochemistry and physiology of two oleaginous fungi, A. flavus I16-3 and M. rouxii, on lipid accumulation showed the two fungi grew well and efficiently utilised the starch in wastewater. On average (P < 0.05), 2.8 and 3.6 g L(-1) of lipids were produced by A. flavus I16-3 and M. rouxii, respectively, with maximum GLA yields of 60 and 100 mg L(-1) . Addition of nutrients to raw wastewater significantly improved (P < 0.05) the lipid and GLA yields; 3.5 and 4.2 g L(-1) of lipids, and 100 and 140 mg L(-1) of GLA were produced by A. flavus I16-3 and M. rouxii, respectively. In addition, the wastewater was efficiently treated, with soluble chemical oxygen demand, total soluble nitrogen and total soluble phosphorus removals up to 60% and 90%, 100% and 98%, and 92% and 81% by A. flavus I16-3 and M. rouxii, respectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated an alternative approach to valorise potato processing wastewater to produce microbial lipids and GLA (nutraceuticals).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iniya Kumar Muniraj
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Liwen Xiao
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - He Liu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinmin Zhan
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A comprehensive analysis of the nutritional quality of edible mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju grown in deproteinized whey medium. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
32
|
New biofuel alternatives: integrating waste management and single cell oil production. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9385-405. [PMID: 25918941 PMCID: PMC4463594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns about greenhouse gas emissions have increased research efforts into alternatives in bio-based processes. With regard to transport fuel, bioethanol and biodiesel are still the main biofuels used. It is expected that future production of these biofuels will be based on processes using either non-food competing biomasses, or characterised by low CO2 emissions. Many microorganisms, such as microalgae, yeast, bacteria and fungi, have the ability to accumulate oils under special culture conditions. Microbial oils might become one of the potential feed-stocks for biodiesel production in the near future. The use of these oils is currently under extensive research in order to reduce production costs associated with the fermentation process, which is a crucial factor to increase economic feasibility. An important way to reduce processing costs is the use of wastes as carbon sources. The aim of the present review is to describe the main aspects related to the use of different oleaginous microorganisms for lipid production and their performance when using bio-wastes. The possibilities for combining hydrogen (H2) and lipid production are also explored in an attempt for improving the economic feasibility of the process.
Collapse
|
33
|
Park GW, Fei Q, Jung K, Chang HN, Kim ,Y, Kim N, Choi J, Kim S, Cho J. Volatile fatty acids derived from waste organics provide an economical carbon source for microbial lipids/biodiesel production. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:1536-46. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwon Woo Park
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong‐gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Fei
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong‐gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonsu Jung
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong‐gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Nam Chang
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong‐gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - , Yeu‐Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong‐gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nag‐jong Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin‐dal‐rae Choi
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong‐gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong‐gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Kim
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Seobuk‐gu, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Cho
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Seobuk‐gu, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sitepu IR, Garay LA, Sestric R, Levin D, Block DE, German JB, Boundy-Mills KL. Oleaginous yeasts for biodiesel: Current and future trends in biology and production. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1336-1360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
35
|
Van Dyk MS, Kock JLF, Botha A. Hydroxy long-chain fatty acids in fungi. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 10:495-504. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00367653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/18/1994] [Accepted: 05/20/1994] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
36
|
Schulze I, Hansen S, Großhans S, Rudszuck T, Ochsenreither K, Syldatk C, Neumann A. Characterization of newly isolated oleaginous yeasts - Cryptococcus podzolicus, Trichosporon porosum and Pichia segobiensis. AMB Express 2014; 4:24. [PMID: 24949259 PMCID: PMC4052688 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast strains Cryptococcus podzolicus, Trichosporon porosum and Pichia segobiensis were isolated from soil samples and identified as oleaginous yeast strains beneficial for the establishment of microbial production processes for sustainable lipid production suitable for several industrial applications. When cultured in bioreactors with glucose as the sole carbon source C. podzolicus yielded 31.8% lipid per dry biomass at 20°C, while T. porosum yielded 34.1% at 25°C and P. segobiensis 24.6% at 25°C. These amounts correspond to lipid concentrations of 17.97 g/L, 17.02 g/L and 12.7 g/L and volumetric productivities of 0.09 g/Lh, 0.1 g/Lh and 0.07 g/Lh, respectively. During the culture of C. podzolicus 30 g/l gluconic acid was detected as by-product in the culture broth and 12 g/L gluconic acid in T. porosum culture. The production of gluconic acid was eliminated for both strains when glucose was substituted by xylose as the carbon source. Using xylose lipid yields were 11.1 g/L and 13.9 g/L, corresponding to 26.8% and 33.4% lipid per dry biomass and a volumetric productivity of 0.07 g/Lh and 0.09 g/Lh, for C. podzolicus and T. porosum respectively. The fatty acid profile analysis showed that oleic acid was the main component (39.6 to 59.4%) in all three strains and could be applicable for biodiesel production. Palmitic acid (18.4 to 21.1%) and linolenic acid (7.5 to 18.7%) are valuable for cosmetic applications. P. segobiensis had a considerable amount of palmitoleic acid (16% content) and may be suitable for medical applications.
Collapse
|
37
|
Okuda T, Ando A, Sakuradani E, Kikukawa H, Kamada N, Ochiai M, Shima J, Ogawa J. Selection and characterization of promoters based on genomic approach for the molecular breeding of oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Curr Genet 2014; 60:183-91. [PMID: 24562865 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-014-0423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To express a foreign gene effectively, a good expression system is required. In this study, we investigated various promoters as useful tools for gene manipulation in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. We selected and cloned the promoter regions of 28 genes in M. alpina 1S-4 on the basis of expression sequence tag abundance data. The activity of each promoter was evaluated using the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Eight of these promoters were shown to enhance GUS expression more efficiently than a histone promoter, which is conventionally used for the gene manipulation in M. alpina. Especially, the predicted protein 3 and the predicted protein 6 promoters demonstrated approximately fivefold higher activity than the histone promoter. The activity of some promoters changed along with the cultivation phase of M. alpina 1S-4. Seven promoters with constitutive or time-dependent, high-level expression activity were selected, and deletion analysis was carried out to determine the promoter regions required to retain activity. This is the first report of comprehensive promoter analysis based on a genomic approach for M. alpina. The promoters described here will be useful tools for gene manipulation in this strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8052, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sakuradani E, Ando A, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Metabolic engineering for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:417-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
39
|
Martins DA, Custódio L, Barreira L, Pereira H, Ben-Hamadou R, Varela J, Abu-Salah KM. Alternative sources of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine microalgae. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2259-81. [PMID: 23807546 PMCID: PMC3736422 DOI: 10.3390/md11072259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main source of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in human nutrition is currently seafood, especially oily fish. Nonetheless, due to cultural or individual preferences, convenience, geographic location, or awareness of risks associated to fatty fish consumption, the intake of fatty fish is far from supplying the recommended dietary levels. The end result observed in most western countries is not only a low supply of n-3 LC-PUFA, but also an unbalance towards the intake of n-6 fatty acids, resulting mostly from the consumption of vegetable oils. Awareness of the benefits of LC-PUFA in human health has led to the use of fish oils as food supplements. However, there is a need to explore alternatives sources of LC-PUFA, especially those of microbial origin. Microalgae species with potential to accumulate lipids in high amounts and to present elevated levels of n-3 LC-PUFA are known in marine phytoplankton. This review focuses on sources of n-3 LC-PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, in marine microalgae, as alternatives to fish oils. Based on current literature, examples of marketed products and potentially new species for commercial exploitation are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Alves Martins
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; E-Mails: (D.A.M.); (L.C.); (L.B.); (H.P.); (R.B.-H.)
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; E-Mails: (D.A.M.); (L.C.); (L.B.); (H.P.); (R.B.-H.)
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; E-Mails: (D.A.M.); (L.C.); (L.B.); (H.P.); (R.B.-H.)
| | - Hugo Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; E-Mails: (D.A.M.); (L.C.); (L.B.); (H.P.); (R.B.-H.)
| | - Radhouan Ben-Hamadou
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; E-Mails: (D.A.M.); (L.C.); (L.B.); (H.P.); (R.B.-H.)
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; E-Mails: (D.A.M.); (L.C.); (L.B.); (H.P.); (R.B.-H.)
| | - Khalid M. Abu-Salah
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Single cell oil production from low-cost substrates: The possibility and potential of its industrialization. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:129-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
41
|
Schneider T, Rempp T, Graeff-Hönninger S, French WT, Hernandez R, Claupein W. Utilization of Soluble Starch by Oleaginous Red Yeast <i>Rhodotorula glutinis</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2013.31007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
42
|
Synthesis and production of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in yeast: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
43
|
Liu JX, Yue QY, Gao BY, Ma ZH, Zhang PD. Microbial treatment of the monosodium glutamate wastewater by Lipomyces starkeyi to produce microbial lipid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 106:69-73. [PMID: 22204889 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater as a medium was treated by Lipomyces starkeyi to produce microbial lipid in the study. The effect of related factors (initial glucose concentration, inoculation concentration, initial culture pH, and cultivation time) on biomass, lipid production and lipid content was discussed, respectively. According to the experiments, the optimal fermentation conditions were determined: addition of 80g/L glucose, 10% inoculation concentration, initial pH about 5.0, incubation time 96h. Under this condition, the biomass production reached up to 4.61g/L, lipid production and lipid content was 1.14g/L and 24.73%, respectively. Simultaneously, protein and COD removal rate was 78.60% and 74.96%, respectively. The main composition of fatty acid in the resultant lipid was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which showed: oleic acid (C18:1) 35.85%, palmitic acid (C16:0) 19.91%, palmitoleic acid (C16:1) 17.65%, and myristic acid (C14:0) 16.03%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xian Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The continued increase in human population has resulted in the rise in the demand as well as the price of edible oils, leading to the search for alternative unconventional sources of oils, particularly in the developing countries. There are hundreds of un- or underexplored plant seeds rich in oil suitable for edible or industrial purposes. Many of them are rich in polyunsaturated essential fatty acids, which establish their utility as "healthy oils." Some agrowaste products such as rice bran have gained importance as a potential source of edible oil. Genetic modification has paved the way for increasing the oil yields and improving the fatty acid profiles of traditional as well as unconventional oilseeds. Single cell oils are also novel sources of edible oil. Some of these unconventional oils may have excellent potential for medicinal and therapeutic uses, even if their low oil contents do not promote commercial production as edible oils.
Collapse
|
45
|
Papanikolaou S, Aggelis G. Lipids of oleaginous yeasts. Part I: Biochemistry of single cell oil production. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
46
|
Papanikolaou S, Aggelis G. Lipids of oleaginous yeasts. Part II: Technology and potential applications. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
47
|
Microbial lipids from renewable resources: production and characterization. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 37:1271-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
48
|
Manilla-Pérez E, Lange AB, Luftmann H, Robenek H, Steinbüchel A. Neutral lipid production in Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 and other marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
49
|
Differential temperature effect on the production of enhanced gamma linolenic acid in Mucor rouxii CFR-G15. Indian J Microbiol 2010; 50:52-6. [PMID: 22815572 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-010-0053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucor rouxii CFR-G15, a locally isolated phycomycetous fungus, on cultivation at room temperature produced more than 30% (w/w) lipid in their dry cell weight, in which 14.2% accounted to be GLA content of the total fatty acids. It was observed that when incubation temperature lowered at 14°C, GLA content of the mycelium increased significantly (P<0.05) from 14.2% to 21.97%. In order to optimize the cultural conditions for high biomass and lipid production with high GLA content, the fungus was grown in association of two different temperatures and supply of additional glucose in culture medium. Maximum lipid and GLA were obtained 23.56 and 19.5% respectively, when the culture was grown at 28°C for four days and followed by addition of glucose (5%), and lowered the incubation temperature to 14°C for another four days. The presence of GLA in the oil obtained from M. rouxii CFR-G15 was confirmed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Gamma linolenic acid (GLA, n-6) is gaining importance in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries because of clinical evidence demonstrated that it has various beneficial effects in human health. In this paper temperature played a major role in enhancing the GLA content which has been described.
Collapse
|
50
|
Mamatha SS, Halami PM, Venkateswaran G. Identification and characterization of the
n
‐6 fatty acid‐producing
Mucor rouxii
native isolate CFR‐G15. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivaramu S. Mamatha
- Department of Food Microbiology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, India
| | - Prakash M. Halami
- Department of Food Microbiology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, India
| | - Govindarajulu Venkateswaran
- Department of Food Microbiology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, India
| |
Collapse
|