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Molinet A, Courtillon C, Bougeard S, Keita A, Grasland B, Eterradossi N, Soubies S. Infectious bursal disease virus: predicting viral pathotype using machine learning models focused on early changes in total blood cell counts. Vet Res 2023; 54:101. [PMID: 37904195 PMCID: PMC10614337 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an avian viral disease caused in chickens by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). IBDV strains (Avibirnavirus genus, Birnaviridae family) exhibit different pathotypes, for which no molecular marker is available yet. The different pathotypes, ranging from sub-clinical to inducing immunosuppression and high mortality, are currently determined through a 10-day-long animal experiment designed to compare mortality and clinical score of the uncharacterized strain with references strains. Limits of this protocol lie within standardization and the extensive use of animal experimentation. The aim of this study was to establish a predictive model of viral pathotype based on a minimum number of early parameters measured during infection, allowing faster pathotyping of IBDV strains with improved ethics. We thus measured, at 2 and 4 days post-infection (dpi), the blood concentrations of various immune and coagulation related cells, the uricemia and the infectious viral load in the bursa of Fabricius of chicken infected under standardized conditions with a panel of viruses encompassing the different pathotypes of IBDV. Machine learning algorithms allowed establishing a predictive model of the pathotype based on early changes of the blood cell formula, whose accuracy reached 84.1%. Its accuracy to predict the attenuated and strictly immunosuppressive pathotypes was above 90%. The key parameters for this model were the blood concentrations of B cells, T cells, monocytes, granulocytes, thrombocytes and erythrocytes of infected chickens at 4 dpi. This predictive model could be a second option to traditional IBDV pathotyping that is faster, and more ethical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annonciade Molinet
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L'alimentation, de L'environnement Et du Travail, 41 Rue de Beaucemaine, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Céline Courtillon
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L'alimentation, de L'environnement Et du Travail, 41 Rue de Beaucemaine, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Stéphanie Bougeard
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L'alimentation, de L'environnement Et du Travail, 41 Rue de Beaucemaine, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Alassane Keita
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L'alimentation, de L'environnement Et du Travail, 41 Rue de Beaucemaine, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Béatrice Grasland
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L'alimentation, de L'environnement Et du Travail, 41 Rue de Beaucemaine, 22440, Ploufragan, France.
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L'alimentation, de L'environnement Et du Travail, 41 Rue de Beaucemaine, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Sébastien Soubies
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L'alimentation, de L'environnement Et du Travail, 41 Rue de Beaucemaine, 22440, Ploufragan, France
- INRAE-ENVT, UMR 1225 IHAP, 23 Chemin Des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse CEDEX 3, France
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Nour I, Blakey JR, Alvarez-Narvaez S, Mohanty SK. Whole Genome Sequencing of Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses Isolated from a Californian Outbreak Unravels the Underlying Virulence Markers and Highlights Positive Selection Incidence. Viruses 2023; 15:2044. [PMID: 37896821 PMCID: PMC10612053 DOI: 10.3390/v15102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of the immunosuppressive infectious bursal disease (IBD) are frequently reported worldwide, despite the vaccination regimes. A 2009 Californian IBD outbreak caused by rA and rB isolates was described as very virulent (vv) IBD virus (IBDV); however, molecular factors beyond this virulence were not fully uncovered. Therefore, segments of both isolates were amplified, successfully cloned, whole genome sequenced by Next Generation Sequencing, genotyped, and the leading virulence factors were entirely investigated in terms of phylogenetic and amino acid analysis and protein modeling for positive selection orientation and interaction analysis. rA and rB isolates displayed the highest amino acid identity (97.84-100%) with Genotype 3 strains. Interestingly, rA and rB contained all virulence hallmarks of hypervariable (HVR), including 222A, 242I, 249Q, 256I, 284A, 286T, 294I, 299S, and 318G, as well as the serine-rich heptapeptide sequence. Moreover, we pinpointed the A3B2 genotype of rA and rB, predominant in non-reassortants, and we highlighted the absence of recombination events. Furthermore, gene-wise phylogenetic analysis showed the entire genes of rA and rB clustered with the vvIBDVs and emphasized their share in IBDV virulence. VP5 showed a virulence marker, MLSL (amino acid sequence). VP2 encountered three significant novel mutations apart from the HVR, including G163E in rA and Y173C and V178A in rB, all residing within interacting motifs. VP4 contained 168Y, 173N, 203S, and 239D characteristic for the vv phenotype. A235V mutation was detected at the dsRNA binding domain of VP3. In VP1, the TDN triplet and the mutation (V4I) were detected, characteristic of hypervirulence occurring at the N-terminus responsible for protein priming. Although selection analysis revealed seven sites, codon 222 was the only statistically significant selection site. The VP2 modeling of rA and rB highlighted great structure fitness, with 96.14% Ramachandran favored positioning including the 222A, i.e., not influencing the structure stability. The 222A was found to be non-interface surface residue, associated with no interaction with the attachment-mediated ligand motif. Our findings provide pivotal insights into the evolution and underlying virulence factors and will assist in the development of control strategies via sequence-based continuous monitoring for the early detection of novel vv strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sujit K. Mohanty
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), US National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (I.N.); (J.R.B.); (S.A.-N.)
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Gao H, Wang Y, Gao L, Zheng SJ. Genetic Insight into the Interaction of IBDV with Host-A Clue to the Development of Novel IBDV Vaccines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098255. [PMID: 37175960 PMCID: PMC10179583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an immunosuppressive pathogen causing enormous economic losses to the poultry industry across the globe. As a double-stranded RNA virus, IBDV undergoes genetic mutation or recombination in replication during circulation among flocks, leading to the generation and spread of variant or recombinant strains. In particular, the recent emergence of variant IBDV causes severe immunosuppression in chickens, affecting the efficacy of other vaccines. It seems that the genetic mutation of IBDV during the battle against host response is an effective strategy to help itself to survive. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the viral genome diversity will definitely help to develop effective measures for prevention and control of infectious bursal disease (IBD). In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the relation of genetic mutation and genomic recombination of IBDV to its pathogenesis using the reverse genetic technique. Therefore, this review focuses on our current genetic insight into the IBDV's genetic typing and viral genomic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun J Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhang W, Wang X, Gao Y, Qi X. The Over-40-Years-Epidemic of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102253. [PMID: 36298808 PMCID: PMC9607638 DOI: 10.3390/v14102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, immunosuppressive disease of chickens caused by the virus (IBDV), which critically threatens the development of the global chicken industry and causes huge economic losses. As a large country in the poultry industry, the epidemic history of IBDV in China for more than 40 years has been briefly discussed and summarized for the first time in this report. The first classic strain of IBDV appeared in China in the late 1970s. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) rapidly swept across the entirety of China, threatening the healthy development of the poultry industry for more than 30 years. Variants of IBDV, after long-term latent circulation with the accumulation of mutations since the early 1990s, suddenly reappeared as novel variant strains (nVarIBDV) in China in the mid-2010s. Currently, there is a coexistence of various IBDV genotypes; the newly emerging nVarIBDV of A2dB1 and persistently circulating vvIBDV of A3B3 are the two predominant epidemic strains endangering the poultry industry. Continuous epidemiological testing and the development of new prevention and control agents are important and require more attention. This report is of great significance to scientific cognition and the comprehensive prevention and control of the IBDV epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (X.Q.); Tel.: +86-451-51051694 (X.Q.); Fax: +86-451-51997166 (X.Q.)
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (X.Q.); Tel.: +86-451-51051694 (X.Q.); Fax: +86-451-51997166 (X.Q.)
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Evaluating the Breadth of Neutralizing Antibody Responses Elicited by Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Genogroup A1 Strains Using a Novel Chicken B-Cell Rescue System and Neutralization Assay. J Virol 2022; 96:e0125522. [PMID: 36069547 PMCID: PMC9517715 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01255-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) genogroups have been identified based on the sequence of the capsid hypervariable region (HVR) (A1 to A8). Given reported vaccine failures, there is a need to evaluate the ability of vaccines to neutralize the different genogroups. To address this, we used a reverse genetics system and the chicken B-cell line DT40 to rescue a panel of chimeric IBDVs and perform neutralization assays. Chimeric viruses had the backbone of a lab-adapted strain (PBG98) and the HVRs from diverse field strains as follows: classical F52-70 (A1), U.S. variant Del-E (A2), Chinese variant SHG19 (A2), very virulent UK661 (A3), M04/09 distinct (A4), Italian ITA-04 (A6), and Australian variant Vic-01/94 (A8). Rescued viruses showed no substitutions at amino acid positions 253, 284, or 330, previously found to be associated with cell-culture adaptation. Sera from chickens inoculated with wild-type (wt) (F52-70) or vaccine (228E) A1 strains had the highest mean virus neutralization (VN) titers against the A1 virus (log2 15.4 and 12.7) and the lowest against A2 viruses (log2 7.4 to 7.9; P = 0.0001 to 0.0274), consistent with A1 viruses being most antigenically distant from A2 strains, which correlated with the extent of differences in the predicted HVR structure. VN titers against the other genogroups ranged from log2 9.3 to 13.3, and A1 strains were likely more closely antigenically related to genogroups A3 and A4 than A6 and A8. Our data are consistent with field observations and validate the new method, which can be used to screen future vaccine candidates for breadth of neutralizing antibodies and evaluate the antigenic relatedness of different genogroups. IMPORTANCE There is a need to evaluate the ability of vaccines to neutralize diverse IBDV genogroups and to better understand the relationship between HVR sequence, structure, and antigenicity. Here, we used a chicken B-cell line to rescue a panel of chimeric IBDVs with the HVR from seven diverse IBDV field strains and to conduct neutralization assays and protein modeling. We evaluated the ability of sera from vaccinated or infected birds to neutralize the different genogroups. Our novel chicken B-cell rescue system and neutralization assay can be used to screen IBDV vaccine candidates, platforms, and regimens for the breadth of neutralizing antibody responses elicited, evaluate the antigenic relatedness of diverse IBDV strains, and when coupled with structural modeling, elucidate immunodominant and conserved epitopes to strategically design novel IBDV vaccines in the future.
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Van Brussel K, Mahar JE, Ortiz-Baez AS, Carrai M, Spielman D, Boardman WSJ, Baker ML, Beatty JA, Geoghegan JL, Barrs VR, Holmes EC. Faecal virome of the Australian grey-headed flying fox from urban/suburban environments contains novel coronaviruses, retroviruses and sapoviruses. Virology 2022; 576:42-51. [PMID: 36150229 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bats are important reservoirs for viruses of public health and veterinary concern. Virus studies in Australian bats usually target the families Paramyxoviridae, Coronaviridae and Rhabdoviridae, with little known about their overall virome composition. We used metatranscriptomic sequencing to characterise the faecal virome of grey-headed flying foxes from three colonies in urban/suburban locations from two Australian states. We identified viruses from three mammalian-infecting (Coronaviridae, Caliciviridae, Retroviridae) and one possible mammalian-infecting (Birnaviridae) family. Of particular interest were a novel bat betacoronavirus (subgenus Nobecovirus) and a novel bat sapovirus (Caliciviridae), the first identified in Australian bats, as well as a potentially exogenous retrovirus. The novel betacoronavirus was detected in two sampling locations 1375 km apart and falls in a viral lineage likely with a long association with bats. This study highlights the utility of unbiased sequencing of faecal samples for identifying novel viruses and revealing broad-scale patterns of virus ecology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Van Brussel
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life & Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jackie E Mahar
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life & Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ayda Susana Ortiz-Baez
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life & Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Maura Carrai
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, People's Republic of China
| | - Derek Spielman
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Wayne S J Boardman
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5371, Australia
| | - Michelle L Baker
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Julia A Beatty
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jemma L Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand; Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, 5022, New Zealand
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, People's Republic of China; Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life & Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Fan L, Wang Y, Jiang N, Gao Y, Niu X, Zhang W, Huang M, Bao K, Liu A, Wang S, Gao L, Li K, Cui H, Pan Q, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Qi X. Residues 318 and 323 in capsid protein are involved in immune circumvention of the atypical epizootic infection of infectious bursal disease virus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:909252. [PMID: 35966653 PMCID: PMC9372508 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.909252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, atypical infectious bursal disease (IBD) caused by a novel variant infectious bursal disease virus (varIBDV) suddenly appeared in immunized chicken flocks in East Asia and led to serious economic losses. The epizootic varIBDV can partly circumvent the immune protection of the existing vaccines against the persistently circulating very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV), but its mechanism is still unknown. This study proved that the neutralizing titer of vvIBDV antiserum to the epizootic varIBDV reduced by 7.0 log2, and the neutralizing titer of the epizootic varIBDV antiserum to vvIBDV reduced by 3.2 log2. In addition, one monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2-5C-6F had good neutralizing activity against vvIBDV but could not well recognize the epizootic varIBDV. The epitope of the MAb 2-5C-6F was identified, and two mutations of G318D and D323Q of capsid protein VP2 occurred in the epizootic varIBDV compared to vvIBDV. Subsequently, the indirect immunofluorescence assay based on serial mutants of VP2 protein verified that residue mutations 318 and 323 influenced the recognition of the epizootic varIBDV and vvIBDV by the MAb 2-5C-6F, which was further confirmed by the serial rescued mutated virus. The following cross-neutralizing assay directed by MAb showed residue mutations 318 and 323 also affected the neutralization of the virus. Further data also showed that the mutations of residues 318 and 323 of VP2 significantly affected the neutralization of the IBDV by antiserum, which might be deeply involved in the immune circumvention of the epizootic varIBDV in the vaccinated flock. This study is significant for the comprehensive prevention and control of the emerging varIBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjin Fan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xinxin Niu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Keyan Bao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aijing Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Suyan Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Li
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaole Qi
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8
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Characterization and pathogenicity of infectious bursal disease virus in southern China. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102018. [PMID: 35952600 PMCID: PMC9372626 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Jiang N, Wang Y, Zhang W, Niu X, Huang M, Gao Y, Liu A, Gao L, Li K, Pan Q, Liu C, Zhang Y, Cui H, Wang X, Qi X. Genotyping and Molecular Characterization of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Identified in Important Poultry-Raising Areas of China During 2019 and 2020. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:759861. [PMID: 34926638 PMCID: PMC8671459 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.759861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute and highly contagious immunosuppressive disease caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which seriously threatens the healthy development of the poultry industry. Since its spread to China in the early 1990s, the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) characterized by high lethality, has been the focus of prevention and control. However, the novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV), which has been widely prevalent in China since 2017, has brought a new threat to the poultry industry. In this study, the prevalence of IBDV in the important poultry-raising areas of China from 2019 to 2020 was detected. Of these, 45.1% (101/224) of the samples and 61.9% (26/42) of the chicken flocks were shown to be positive for IBDV. For 50 IBDVs, the sequences of the hypervariable region of the VP2 gene in segment A and of the B-marker of the VP1 gene in segment B were analyzed. The results revealed the coexistence of a number of different IBDV genotypes, including A2dB1 (nVar, 26/50, 52.0%), A3B3 (HLJ0504-like, 15/50, 30.0%), A1B1 (classical, 1/50, 2.0%), and A8B1 (attenuated, 1/50, 2.0%). This indicated that the newly emerging nVarIBDV of A2dB1 and the persistently circulating HLJ0504-like vvIBDV of A3B3 are the two important epidemic strains. Furthermore, we established that segment reassortment has occurred among these circulating strains. This study is the first to reveal the novel epidemic characteristics of IBDV since the report of the emerging nVarIBDV of A2dB1 in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xinxin Niu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Aijing Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Li
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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10
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Lian J, Wang Z, Xu Z, Pang Y, Leng M, Tang S, Zhang X, Qin J, Chen F, Lin W. Pathogenicity and molecular characterization of infectious bursal disease virus in China. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101502. [PMID: 34871986 PMCID: PMC8649399 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) caused an acute and highly contagious infectious disease, resulting in considerable economic losses in the world poultry industry. Although this disease was well-controlled under the widely use of commercial vaccines, the novel variant IBDV strain emerged due to the highly immunized-selection pressure in the field, posting new threats to poultry industry. Here, we reported the epidemic and pathogenicity of IBDV in Hubei Province from May to August 2020. We isolated 12 IBDV strains from the broiler flocks, including 9 novel variants, 2 very virulent strains and 1 medium virulent strain. Interestingly, we identified a series of changes of amino acid sites in the VP2. Further analysis indicated that the novel variant IBDV strains caused damage to bursa of fabricius and spleen, leading to immunosuppression. Our findings underscore the importance of IBDV surveillance, and provide evidence for understanding the evolution of IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Zhanxin Wang
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhouyi Xu
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Mei Leng
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.; Key Laboratory of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environmental Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Qin
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.; Key Laboratory of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environmental Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.; Key Laboratory of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environmental Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China..
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11
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Jiang N, Wang Y, Zhang W, Niu X, Gao Y, Gao L, Li K, Cui H, Liu A, Pan Q, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Qi X. Naturally occurring mutated infectious bursal disease virus of genotype A8B1 associated with bursa damage in China. Virus Res 2021; 302:198498. [PMID: 34224768 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), the causative agent of infectious bursal disease (IBD), mainly damages the bursa of Fabricius, which is a central immune organ of birds. As an RNA virus, IBDV is prone to mutation owing to a combination of factors including natural selection pressure. In this study, a naturally occurring mutated IBDV associated with bursa damage was identified, IBDV-HeN20-7103 strain, in an infected chicken flock in central China. Its full-length genome was cloned, and sequence analysis showed that the IBDV-HeN20-7103 strain was located along with the attenuated IBDV, which corresponds to genotype A8B1 of the recently proposed classification scheme, on the branch of the phylogenetic tree. The amino acid sequence comparisons further highlighted the specific characteristics of IBDV-HeN20-7103 with mutation H253Q compared to the attenuated strain. Animal experiments showed that IBDV-HeN20-7103 could induce serious bursal lesions without mortality, which revealed a unique cause of disease in this flock. The identification of such a strain reaffirms the complexity of IBDV evolution and prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xinxin Niu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Kai Li
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Aijing Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Qing Pan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China.
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12
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Asfor AS, Nazki S, Reddy VR, Campbell E, Dulwich KL, Giotis ES, Skinner MA, Broadbent AJ. Transcriptomic Analysis of Inbred Chicken Lines Reveals Infectious Bursal Disease Severity Is Associated with Greater Bursal Inflammation In Vivo and More Rapid Induction of Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Primary Bursal Cells Stimulated Ex Vivo. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050933. [PMID: 34069965 PMCID: PMC8157851 DOI: 10.3390/v13050933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to better understand differences in the outcome of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection, we inoculated a very virulent (vv) strain into White Leghorn chickens of inbred line W that was previously reported to experience over 24% flock mortality, and three inbred lines (15I, C.B4 and 0) that were previously reported to display no mortality. Within each experimental group, some individuals experienced more severe disease than others but line 15I birds experienced milder disease based on average clinical scores, percentage of birds with gross pathology, average bursal lesion scores and average peak bursal virus titre. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that more severe disease in line W was associated with significant up-regulation of pathways involved in inflammation, cytoskeletal regulation by Rho GTPases, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling, and Wnt signaling in the bursa compared to line 15I. Primary bursal cell populations isolated from uninfected line W birds contained a significantly greater percentage of KUL01+ macrophages than cells isolated from line 15I birds (p < 0.01) and, when stimulated ex vivo with LPS, showed more rapid up-regulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression than those from line 15I birds. We hypothesize that a more rapid induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in bursal cells following IBDV infection leads to more severe disease in line W birds than in line 15I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin S. Asfor
- Birnaviruses Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.A.); (S.N.); (V.R.A.P.R.); (E.C.); (K.L.D.)
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guilford GU2 7AL, UK
| | - Salik Nazki
- Birnaviruses Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.A.); (S.N.); (V.R.A.P.R.); (E.C.); (K.L.D.)
| | - Vishwanatha R.A.P. Reddy
- Birnaviruses Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.A.); (S.N.); (V.R.A.P.R.); (E.C.); (K.L.D.)
| | - Elle Campbell
- Birnaviruses Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.A.); (S.N.); (V.R.A.P.R.); (E.C.); (K.L.D.)
| | - Katherine L. Dulwich
- Birnaviruses Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.A.); (S.N.); (V.R.A.P.R.); (E.C.); (K.L.D.)
| | - Efstathios S. Giotis
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK; (E.S.G.); (M.A.S.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester C04 3SQ, UK
| | - Michael A. Skinner
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK; (E.S.G.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Andrew J. Broadbent
- Birnaviruses Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.A.); (S.N.); (V.R.A.P.R.); (E.C.); (K.L.D.)
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guilford GU2 7AL, UK
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-3-014-050-376
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13
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Development of a Viral-Like Particle Candidate Vaccine Against Novel Variant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020142. [PMID: 33579020 PMCID: PMC7916800 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD), an immunosuppressive disease of young chickens, is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV), a virus that can evade immune protection against very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV), is becoming a threat to the poultry industry. Therefore, nVarIBDV-specific vaccine is much needed for nVarIBDV control. In this study, the VP2 protein of SHG19 (a representative strain of nVarIBDV) was successfully expressed using an Escherichia coli expression system and further purified via ammonium sulfate precipitation and size-exclusion chromatography. The purified protein SHG19-VP2-466 could self-assemble into 25-nm virus-like particle (VLP). Subsequently, the immunogenicity and protective effect of the SHG19-VLP vaccine were evaluated using animal experiments, which indicated that the SHG19-VLP vaccine elicited neutralization antibodies and provided 100% protection against the nVarIBDV. Furthermore, the protective efficacy of the SHG19-VLP vaccine against the vvIBDV was evaluated. Although the SHG19-VLP vaccine induced a comparatively lower vvIBDV-specific neutralization antibody titer, it provided good protection against the lethal vvIBDV. In summary, the SHG19-VLP candidate vaccine could provide complete immune protection against the homologous nVarIBDV as well as the heterologous vvIBDV. This study is of significance to the comprehensive prevention and control of the recent atypical IBD epidemic.
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14
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Fan L, Wang Y, Jiang N, Gao L, Li K, Gao Y, Cui H, Pan Q, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Qi X. A reassortment vaccine candidate of the novel variant infectious bursal disease virus. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108905. [PMID: 33186757 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is the most important immunosuppressive disease threatening the poultry industry worldwide. Recently, the novel variant IBDV has been emerging in large-scale in Asia including China and is becoming a new threat to the healthy development of the poultry industry, but no ideal vaccine is available. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to develop a new vaccine against the novel variant IBDV. In this study, based on the skeleton of an attenuated vaccine strain Gt, a reassortment virus strain rGtVarVP2 was constructed for the first time, which could express the main protective antigen VP2 of the novel variant IBDV and replicate well in cell culture. Subsequently, the safety and effectiveness of rGtVarVP2 were further evaluated using animal experiments. The rGtVarVP2 is nonpathogenic to specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken. The immunization of rGtVarVP2 could induce the specific neutralizing antibodies against the novel variant IBDV. The challenge protection tests further confirmed the effectiveness of the IBDV reassortment virus rGtVarVP2. No atrophy and obvious lesions were observed in the immunization group while the bursae of non-immunization control group were severely destroyed after challenge, which showed that rGtVarVP2 could provide complete protection against the novel variant IBDV. These data indicate that the vaccine candidate (rGtVarVP2 strain) is safe and effective, which is of great significance for comprehensive control of IBD and healthy breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjin Fan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Kai Li
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Qing Pan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China.
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15
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Dulwich KL, Asfor A, Gray A, Giotis ES, Skinner MA, Broadbent AJ. The Stronger Downregulation of in vitro and in vivo Innate Antiviral Responses by a Very Virulent Strain of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), Compared to a Classical Strain, Is Mediated, in Part, by the VP4 Protein. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:315. [PMID: 32582573 PMCID: PMC7296162 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IBDV is economically important to the poultry industry. Very virulent (vv) strains cause higher mortality rates than other strains for reasons that remain poorly understood. In order to provide more information on IBDV disease outcome, groups of chickens (n = 18) were inoculated with the vv strain, UK661, or the classical strain, F52/70. Birds infected with UK661 had a lower survival rate (50%) compared to F52/70 (80%). There was no difference in peak viral replication in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), but the expression of chicken IFNα, IFNβ, MX1, and IL-8 was significantly lower in the BF of birds infected with UK661 compared to F52/70 (p < 0.05) as quantified by RTqPCR, and this trend was also observed in DT40 cells infected with UK661 or F52/70 (p < 0.05). The induction of expression of type I IFN in DF-1 cells stimulated with polyI:C (measured by an IFN-β luciferase reporter assay) was significantly reduced in cells expressing ectopic VP4 from UK661 (p < 0.05), but was higher in cells expressing ectopic VP4 from F52/70. Cells infected with a chimeric recombinant IBDV carrying the UK661-VP4 gene in the background of PBG98, an attenuated vaccine strain that induces high levels of innate responses (PBG98-VP4UK661) also showed a reduced level of IFNα and IL-8 compared to cells infected with a chimeric virus carrying the F52/70-VP4 gene (PBG98-VP4F52/70) (p < 0.01), and birds infected with PBG98-VP4UK661 also had a reduced expression of IFNα in the BF compared to birds infected with PBG98-VP4F52/70 (p < 0.05). Taken together, these data demonstrate that UK661 induced the expression of lower levels of anti-viral type I IFN and proinflammatory genes than the classical strain in vitro and in vivo and this was, in part, due to strain-dependent differences in the VP4 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Dulwich
- Birnaviruses Group, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amin Asfor
- Birnaviruses Group, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Gray
- Birnaviruses Group, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Efstathios S. Giotis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Skinner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Wu T, Wang Y, Li H, Fan L, Jiang N, Gao L, Li K, Gao Y, Liu C, Cui H, Pan Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Qi X. Naturally occurring homologous recombination between novel variant infectious bursal disease virus and intermediate vaccine strain. Vet Microbiol 2020; 245:108700. [PMID: 32456830 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the causative agent of infectious bursal disease (IBD), an important immunosuppressive disease seriously threatening poultry farming worldwide. Since the identification of the classic strain in 1957, variant IBDV, very virulent IBDV, and novel variant IBDV have successively emerged brought severe challenges. Over the years, attenuated, intermediate, and intermediate-plus live vaccines have been developed to control the disease. The coexistence of various strains in flocks increases the probability of homologous recombination, and in this study, a naturally occurring homologous recombination between a novel variant strain and an intermediate vaccine strain of IBDV was first identified. Sequence analyses demonstrated that the IBD16HeN01 strain was a recombinant IBDV incorporating the skeleton of the novel variant IBDV (SHG19-like strain), where the 3' region of segment A (nt 1539-3260) was replaced by an intermediate vaccine strain (W2512-like strain). Pathogenicity experiments indicated that IBD16HeN01 could cause severe bursal lesions and the recombination increased viral pathogenicity to chick embryos compared with the novel variant IBDV. Homologous recombination in IBDV has increased the complexity of disease prevention and control and reminds us that we should use live vaccines more scientifically and cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Linjin Fan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Kai Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Qing Pan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China.
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17
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Novel variants of infectious bursal disease virus can severely damage the bursa of fabricius of immunized chickens. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108507. [PMID: 31902511 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, atypical infectious bursal disease (IBD) with severe immunosuppression has brought new threats to the poultry industry and has caused considerable economic losses. Novel variant infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has been identified as the etiological pathogen and for unknown reasons is widespread in poultry on many chicken farms in China that have been immunized with vaccines against very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV). Using immunoprotection experiments in specific-pathogen-free chickens, we first verified that novel variant IBDV could severely damage the bursa of Fabricius of the important immune organ of immunized chicken in the presence of antibodies induced by three types of vvIBDV vaccines, which is a primary reason for the current epidemic of atypical IBD. Monoclonal antibody reactivity patterns and cross-neutralization assays further confirmed the obvious antigenic mismatch between novel variant IBDV and vvIBDV. Sequence analysis of the genome of novel variant IBDV (SHG19 strain) was performed and the key amino acid residues that might be involved in antigenicity and virulence differences of novel variant IBDV compared to vvIBDV were further analyzed. This study not only determined the primary reason for the atypical IBD epidemic, but also remind us of the urgency for developing new vaccines against novel variant IBDV.
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18
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Abaidullah M, Peng S, Kamran M, Song X, Yin Z. Current Findings on Gut Microbiota Mediated Immune Modulation against Viral Diseases in Chicken. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080681. [PMID: 31349568 PMCID: PMC6722953 DOI: 10.3390/v11080681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken gastrointestinal tract is an important site of immune cell development that not only regulates gut microbiota but also maintains extra-intestinal immunity. Recent studies have emphasized the important roles of gut microbiota in shaping immunity against viral diseases in chicken. Microbial diversity and its integrity are the key elements for deriving immunity against invading viral pathogens. Commensal bacteria provide protection against pathogens through direct competition and by the production of antibodies and activation of different cytokines to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. There are few economically important viral diseases of chicken that perturb the intestinal microbiota diversity. Disruption of microbial homeostasis (dysbiosis) associates with a variety of pathological states, which facilitate the establishment of acute viral infections in chickens. In this review, we summarize the calibrated interactions among the microbiota mediated immune modulation through the production of different interferons (IFNs) ILs, and virus-specific IgA and IgG, and their impact on the severity of viral infections in chickens. Here, it also shows that acute viral infection diminishes commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Firmicutes, and Blautia spp. populations and enhances the colonization of pathobionts, including E. coli, Shigella, and Clostridial spp., in infected chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abaidullah
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuwei Peng
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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19
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Huo S, Zhang J, Fan J, Wang X, Wu F, Zuo Y, Zhong F. Co-Expression of Chicken IL-2 and IL-7 Enhances the Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a VP2-Expressing DNA Vaccine against IBDV in Chickens. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050476. [PMID: 31137731 PMCID: PMC6563322 DOI: 10.3390/v11050476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious bursal disease (IBD) is still incompletely controlled worldwide. Although IBD virus (IBDV) VP2 DNA vaccine was considered a safe vaccine for IBD prevention, the immunogenicity by itself remains poor, resulting in the failure of effectively protecting chickens from infection. We and others demonstrated that chicken IL-2 (chIL-2) and chIL-7 have the capacity to enhance the immunogenicity of the VP2 DNA vaccine. However, whether chIL-2 and chIL-7 can mutually enhance the immunogenicity of VP2 DNA vaccine and thereby augment the latter’s protection efficacy remains unknown. By using chIL-2/chIL-7 bicistronic gene vector to co-immunize the chickens together with the VP2 DNA vaccine, we now show that chIL-2 and chIL-7 significantly increased IBDV VP2-specific antibody titers, T cell proliferation, and IFN-γ production, resulting in the ultimate enhancement of vaccine-induced protection efficacy relative to that of chIL-2 or chIL-7 gene vectors alone. These results suggest that chIL-2 and chIL-7 can mutually enhance VP2 DNA vaccine’s efficacy, thereby establishing a concrete foundation for future optimization of IBDV VP2 DNA vaccine to prevent/treat chicken IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Huo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University; Hebei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Jianlou Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University; Hebei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Jinghui Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University; Hebei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University; Hebei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Fengyang Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University; Hebei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Yuzhu Zuo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University; Hebei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Fei Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University; Hebei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
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20
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Chicken Embryonic-Stem Cells Are Permissive to Poxvirus Recombinant Vaccine Vectors. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10030237. [PMID: 30897824 PMCID: PMC6471371 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of mammalian pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC) has revolutionised cell research and regenerative medicine. More recently discovered chicken ESC (cESC), though less intensively studied, are increasingly popular as vaccine substrates due to a dearth of avian cell lines. Information on the comparative performance of cESC with common vaccine viruses is limited. Using RNA-sequencing, we compared cESC transcriptional programmes elicited by stimulation with chicken type I interferon or infection with vaccine viruses routinely propagated in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). We used poxviruses (fowlpox virus (FWPV) FP9, canarypox virus (CNPV), and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)) and a birnavirus (infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) PBG98). Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were induced in cESC to levels comparable to those in CEF and immortalised chicken fibroblast DF-1 cells. cESC are permissive (with distinct host transcriptional responses) to MVA, FP9, and CNPV but, surprisingly, not to PBG98. MVA, CNPV, and FP9 suppressed innate immune responses, while PBG98 induced a subset of ISGs. Dysregulation of signalling pathways (i.e., NFκB, TRAF) was observed, which might affect immune responses and viral replication. In conclusion, we show that cESC are an attractive alternative substrate to study and propagate poxvirus recombinant vaccine vectors.
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21
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Fan L, Wu T, Hussain A, Gao Y, Zeng X, Wang Y, Gao L, Li K, Wang Y, Liu C, Cui H, Pan Q, Zhang Y, Liu Y, He H, Wang X, Qi X. Novel variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus isolated in China. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:212-220. [PMID: 30827390 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important immunosuppressive diseases that seriously threaten poultry farming and food safety worldwide. The variant strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has been greatly neglected for more than 30 years. Recently, the subclinical infection of suspected IBD, causing considerable economic losses, occurred in the main chicken-farming regions of China. Through RT-PCR, sequencing, and phylogenic analyses, novel variant IBDVs were first identified in six provinces of eastern China. Immunological detection further confirmed the antigenic variation of the Chinese variant IBDVs. The Chinese IBDV variants were obviously different from the American IBDV variants, with less than a 97.7% (VP1) or 98.7% (VP2) amino acid sequence identity. Animal experiments further confirmed the serious threat of the variant IBDVs to chickens, demonstrating irreversible damage to the central immune organ, obvious immunosuppression, and growth retardation. This study not only identified the pandemic nature of the novel variant IBDVs for the first time but also discovered the distinct molecular epidemiological characteristics of these viruses, which will contribute more to the control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjin Fan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Altaf Hussain
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xianying Zeng
- Animal Influenza Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Kai Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Qing Pan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Ceva China Technical & Marketing Department (Poultry), Beijing 100016, PR China
| | - Hongjiang He
- Ceva China Technical & Marketing Department (Poultry), Beijing 100016, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin 150069, PR China.
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22
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Gallid herpesvirus 3 SB-1 strain as a recombinant viral vector for poultry vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2018; 3:21. [PMID: 29872549 PMCID: PMC5972151 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-018-0056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Live herpesvirus-vectored vaccines are widely used in veterinary medicine to protect against many infectious diseases. In poultry, three strains of herpesvirus vaccines are used against Marek's disease (MD). However, of these, only the herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) has been successfully developed and used as a recombinant vaccine vector to induce protection against other avian viral diseases such as infectious bursal disease (IBD), Newcastle disease (ND) or avian influenza (AI). Although effective when administered individually, recombinant HVT vectors have limitations when combined in multivalent vaccines. Thus there is a need for developing additional viral vectors that could be combined with HVT in inducing protection against multiple avian diseases in multivalent vaccines. Gallid herpesvirus 3 (GaHV3) strain SB-1 is widely used by the poultry industry as bivalent vaccine in combination with HVT to exploit synergistic effects against MD. Here, we report the development and application of SB-1 as a vaccine vector to express the VP2 capsid antigen of IBD virus. A VP2 expression cassette was introduced into the SB-1 genome at three intergenic locations (UL3/UL4, UL10/UL11 and UL21/UL22) using recombineering methods on the full-length pSB-1 infectious clone of the virus. We show that the recombinant SB-1 vectors expressing VP2 induced neutralising antibody responses at levels comparable to that of commercial HVT-based VAXXITEKHVT+IBD vaccine. Birds vaccinated with the experimental recombinant SB-1 vaccine were protected against clinical disease after challenge with the very virulent UK661 IBDV isolate, demonstrating its value as an efficient viral vector for developing multivalent vaccines against avian diseases.
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23
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Farhanah MI, Yasmin AR, Mat Isa N, Hair-Bejo M, Ideris A, Powers C, Oladapo O, Nair V, Khoo JS, Ghazali AK, Yee WY, Omar AR. Bursal transcriptome profiling of different inbred chicken lines reveals key differentially expressed genes at 3 days post-infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:21-35. [PMID: 29058656 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease is a highly contagious disease in the poultry industry and causes immunosuppression in chickens. Genome-wide regulations of immune response genes of inbred chickens with different genetic backgrounds, following very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) infection are poorly characterized. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the bursal tissue transcriptome of six inbred chicken lines 6, 7, 15, N, O and P following infection with vvIBDV strain UK661 using strand-specific next-generation sequencing, by highlighting important genes and pathways involved in the infected chicken during peak infection at 3 days post-infection. All infected chickens succumbed to the infection without major variations among the different lines. However, based on the viral loads and bursal lesion scoring, lines P and 6 can be considered as the most susceptible lines, while lines 15 and N were regarded as the least affected lines. Transcriptome profiling of the bursa identified 4588 genes to be differentially expressed, with 2985 upregulated and 1642 downregulated genes, in which these genes were commonly or uniquely detected in all or several infected lines. Genes that were upregulated are primarily pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and IFN-related. Various genes that are associated with B-cell functions and genes related to apoptosis were downregulated, together with the genes involved in p53 signalling. In conclusion, bursal transcriptome profiles of different inbred lines showed differential expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, Th1 cytokines, JAK-STAT signalling genes, MAPK signalling genes, and their related pathways following vvIBDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Isa Farhanah
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abd Rahaman Yasmin
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurulfiza Mat Isa
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Claire Powers
- Avian Viral Diseases, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
| | | | - Venugopal Nair
- Avian Viral Diseases, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
| | - Jia-Shiun Khoo
- Codon Genomics SB, Taman Dutamas, Balakong, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad-Kamal Ghazali
- Codon Genomics SB, Taman Dutamas, Balakong, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai-Yan Yee
- Codon Genomics SB, Taman Dutamas, Balakong, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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24
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Giotis ES, Ross CS, Robey RC, Nohturfft A, Goodbourn S, Skinner MA. Constitutively elevated levels of SOCS1 suppress innate responses in DF-1 immortalised chicken fibroblast cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17485. [PMID: 29235573 PMCID: PMC5727488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The spontaneously immortalised DF-1 cell line is rapidly replacing its progenitor primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) for studies on avian viruses such as avian influenza but no comprehensive study has as yet been reported comparing their innate immunity phenotypes. We conducted microarray analyses of DF-1 and CEFs, under both normal and stimulated conditions using chicken interferon-α (chIFN-α) and the attenuated infectious bursal disease virus vaccine strain PBG98. We found that DF-1 have an attenuated innate response compared to CEFs. Basal expression levels of Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling 1 (chSOCS1), a negative regulator of cytokine signalling in mammals, are 16-fold higher in DF-1 than in CEFs. The chSOCS1 “SOCS box” domain (which in mammals, interacts with an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex) is not essential for the inhibition of cytokine-induced JAK/STAT signalling activation in DF-1. Overexpression of SOCS1 in chIFN-α-stimulated DF-1 led to a relative decrease in expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs; MX1 and IFIT5) and increased viral yield in response to PBG98 infection. Conversely, knockdown of SOCS1 enhanced induction of ISGs and reduced viral yield in chIFN-α-stimulated DF-1. Consequently, SOCS1 reduces induction of the IFN signalling pathway in chicken cells and can potentiate virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Giotis
- Section of Virology, School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - C S Ross
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - R C Robey
- Section of Virology, School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - A Nohturfft
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - S Goodbourn
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - M A Skinner
- Section of Virology, School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
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25
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Dulwich KL, Giotis ES, Gray A, Nair V, Skinner MA, Broadbent AJ. Differential gene expression in chicken primary B cells infected ex vivo with attenuated and very virulent strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2918-2930. [PMID: 29154745 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) belongs to the family Birnaviridae and is economically important to the poultry industry worldwide. IBDV infects B cells in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), causing immunosuppression and morbidity in young chickens. In addition to strains that cause classical Gumboro disease, the so-called 'very virulent' (vv) strain, also in circulation, causes more severe disease and increased mortality. IBDV has traditionally been controlled through the use of live attenuated vaccines, with attenuation resulting from serial passage in non-lymphoid cells. However, the factors that contribute to the vv or attenuated phenotypes are poorly understood. In order to address this, we aimed to investigate host cell-IBDV interactions using a recently described chicken primary B-cell model, where chicken B cells are harvested from the BF and cultured ex vivo in the presence of chicken CD40L. We demonstrated that these cells could support the replication of IBDV when infected ex vivo in the laboratory. Furthermore, we evaluated the gene expression profiles of B cells infected with an attenuated strain (D78) and a very virulent strain (UK661) by microarray. We found that key genes involved in B-cell activation and signalling (TNFSF13B, CD72 and GRAP) were down-regulated following infection relative to mock, which we speculate could contribute to IBDV-mediated immunosuppression. Moreover, cells responded to infection by expressing antiviral type I IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes, but the induction was far less pronounced upon infection with UK661, which we speculate could contribute to its virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Dulwich
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Efstathios S Giotis
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Alice Gray
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | - Michael A Skinner
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
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26
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Shehata AA, Sultan H, Halami MY, Talaat S, Vahlenkamp TW. Molecular characterization of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus strains circulating in Egypt from 2003 to 2014. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3803-3815. [PMID: 28921008 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, four very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) isolates from flocks of chickens with vaccination failure in Egypt in 2003, 2007, 2010 and 2014 were characterized. The four viruses, designated USC2003, USC2007, USC2010 and USC2014, were detected by reverse transcription PCR, subjected to sequencing of both genomic segments (A and B) and compared with geographically and phylogenetically diverse IBDV strains. Phylogenetic analysis of segment A (complete) and B (partial) revealed a close relationship between Egyptian and vvIBDV reference strains of European and Asian origin. The sequences of segments of A and B the current Egyptian isolates were 96.1-98.2% and 96.5-98.7% identical, respectively, to those of other known vvIBDV isolates. The deduced amino acid sequences of VP1, polyprotein (pVP2-VP4-VP3) and VP5 revealed the presence of putative virulence determinants of Egyptian isolates compared with vvIBDV and less virulent (classical and variant) strains. The Egyptian isolates also possess unique amino acids substitutions within the hypervariable region of VP2 that differ from those of other reference IBDV strains. Further studies may be necessary to determine the pathogenic significance of these amino acid substitutions to fully understand the molecular epidemiology and evolution of IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad A Shehata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 22857, Sadat, Minoufiya, Egypt.
| | - Hesham Sultan
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 22857, Sadat, Minoufiya, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Y Halami
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shaimaa Talaat
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 22857, Sadat, Minoufiya, Egypt
| | - Thomas W Vahlenkamp
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Li K, Liu Y, Liu C, Gao L, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Cui H, Qi X, Zhong L, Wang X. Evaluation of two strains of Marek's disease virus serotype 1 for the development of recombinant vaccines against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. Antiviral Res 2016; 139:153-160. [PMID: 27908832 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Attenuated strains of Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDV1), and the closely related herpesvirus of turkeys, are among the most potent vectors for development of recombinant vaccines for poultry. To investigate the effects of MDV1 strain characteristics on the protective efficacy of the recombinant vaccines, we developed two recombinant MDV1 vaccines for expressing the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) based on two different MDV1 strains, the attenuated strain 814 and the Meq gene-deleted recombinant MDV1 strain rLMS△Meq, as the viral vectors. The r814-VP2 virus based on the 814 strain exhibited higher replication efficiency in cell culture while lower viral titers in chickens, compared to rLMS△Meq-VP2 derived from the rLMS△Meq strain. Further studies indicated that r814-VP2 produced higher levels of VP2 protein in cells and elicited stronger immune responses against IBDV in chickens than rLMS△Meq-VP2. After IBDV challenge, rLMS△Meq-VP2 provided 50% protection against mortality, and the birds that survived developed bursal atrophy and gross lesions. In contrast, r814-VP2 conferred complete protection not only against development of clinical signs and mortality, but also against the formation of bursal lesions. The results indicate that different MDV1 vector influences the protective efficacy of recombinant MDV1 vaccines. The r814-VP2 has the potential to serve as a bivalent vaccine against two important lethal pathogens of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Li Zhong
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China.
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Huo S, Zuo Y, Li N, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Liu H, Zhang J, Cui D, He P, Xu J, Li Y, Zhu X, Zhong F. Chicken IL-7 as a potent adjuvant enhances IBDV VP2 DNA vaccine immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Vet Microbiol 2016; 193:145-55. [PMID: 27599941 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Our previous work has demonstrated that the mammalian interleukin-7 (IL-7) gene can enhance the immunogenicity of DNA vaccine. Whether chicken IL-7 (chIL-7) possesses the ability to enhance the immunogenicity of VP2 DNA vaccine of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) remained unknown. To investigate this, we constructed a VP2 antigenic region (VP2366) gene and chIL-7 gene vectors, co-immunized chicken with these vectors and analyzed the effects of the chIL-7 gene on VP2366 gene immunogenicity. Results showed that co-administrated chIL-7 gene with VP2 DNA vaccine significantly increased specific serum antibody titers against IBDV, and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ and IL-4 productions. More importantly, chIL-7 gene significantly increased VP2366 gene-induced protection against virulent IBDV infection, indicating that the chIL-7 gene possessed the capacity to enhance VP2366 DNA vaccine immunogenicity, and therefore might function as a novel adjuvant for IBDV VP2 DNA vaccine. Mechanically, chIL-7 could stimulate the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc) expressions in vitro and in vivo, which might be involved in chIL-7 enhancement of the immunogenicity of VP2 DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Huo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yuzhu Zuo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Nan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiujin Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China; Department of Dermatology, PLA Army General Hospital General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Liyue Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Hebei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, China; Rinpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Baoding 071004, China
| | - Jianlou Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Dan Cui
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Pingyou He
- Hebei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, China; Rinpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Baoding 071004, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China; Department of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiutong Zhu
- Hebei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, China; Rinpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Baoding 071004, China.
| | - Fei Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Veterinary Biotechnology, Baoding 071000, China.
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Li Y, He L, Cheng X, Li J, Jia Y, Yang D. Histamine levels in embryonic chicken livers infected with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 168:91-6. [PMID: 26341971 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Histamine is an endogenous nitrogenous compound with extensive effects on immunologic cells and involved in many physiological functions. The current aim was to determine histamine levels in embryonic liver and its association with the pathogenicity of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) isolate serially passaged in chicken embryos. A vvIBDV isolate and the passaged viruses were inoculated into SPF embryonated chicken eggs (0.2 ml per egg) via the chorioallantoic membrane. Embryonic livers were collected at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h post-inoculation and histamine contents were quantified by fluorescence spectrophotometry analyses. Results showed that the histamine content in embryonic livers infected with the original vvIBDV isolate and the early passaged viruses significantly increased 48 h post-inoculation, as compared with the adapted IBDV isolate (p<0.01) and controls (p<0.01), with the concentration peaking from 72 h to 96 h. Most of the infected chicken embryos died from 48 h to 96 h post-inoculation. Moreover, the histamine content in dead embryos was markedly increased compared with live embryos (p<0.05), peaking at 72 h post-inoculation (p<0.01). There was an association between histamine content in embryonic livers and an elevation in histidine decarboxylase activity. Taken together, our results suggest that an excess of histamine correlates with inflammatory responses during vvIBDV infection. This study provides an incremental step in the understanding of the pathogenesis of vvIBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinju Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Tianjin road 70, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei He
- Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Tianjin road 70, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangchao Cheng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Tianjin road 70, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Tianjin road 70, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Tianjin road 70, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Danfang Yang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Tianjin road 70, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
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Hui RK, Leung FC. Differential Expression Profile of Chicken Embryo Fibroblast DF-1 Cells Infected with Cell-Adapted Infectious Bursal Disease Virus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0111771. [PMID: 26053856 PMCID: PMC4460012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-Seq was used to unveil the transcriptional profile of DF-1 cells at the early stage of caIBDV infection. Total RNAs were extracted from virus-infected cells at 0, 6 and 12 hpi. RNA-Seq datasets of respective samples mapped to 56.5–57.6% of isoforms in the reference genome Galgal4.73. At 6 hpi, 23 isoforms underwent an elevated expression, while 128 isoforms were up-regulated and 5 were down-regulated at 12 hpi in the virus-infected group. Besides, 10 isoforms were exclusively expressed in the virus-infected cells. Though no significant change was detected in cytokine and interferon expression levels at the first 12 hours of infection, modulations of the upstream regulators were observed. In addition to the reported regulatory factors including EIF2AK2, MX, OAS*A, GBP7 and IFIT, IBDV infection also triggered a IFIT5-IRF1/3-RSAD5 pathway in the DF-1 cells which potentially restricted the viral replication cycle in the early infection stage. Over-expression of LIPA and CH25H, together with the suppression of STARD4, LSS and AACS genes implied a modulation of membrane fluidity and lipid raft arrangement in the infected cells. Alternative splicing of the EFR3 homolog A gene was also through to be involved in the lipid membrane regulation, and these cumulative responses projected an inhibition of viral endocytosis. Recognition of viral RNA genomes and intermediates was presumably enhanced by the elevated levels of IFIH1, DHX58 and TRIM25 genes which possess properties on detecting viral dsRNA. On the other hand, the caIBDV arrested the host's apoptotic process by inducing the expression of apoptosis inhibitors including NFKBIA/Z, TNFAIP2/3 and ITA at the first 12 hours of infection. In conclusion, the differential expression landscape demonstrated with RNA-Seq provides a comprehensive picture on the molecular interactions between host cells and virus at the early stage of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond K. Hui
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Frederick C. Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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31
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DNA prime–protein boost vaccination enhances protective immunity against infectious bursal disease virus in chickens. Vet Microbiol 2013; 164:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Adjuvant effects of interleukin-18 in DNA vaccination against infectious bursal disease virus in chickens. Vaccine 2013; 31:1799-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Genetic screen of a mutant poxvirus library identifies an ankyrin repeat protein involved in blocking induction of avian type I interferon. J Virol 2013; 87:5041-52. [PMID: 23427153 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02736-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian poxviruses, including vaccinia virus (VACV), have evolved multiple mechanisms to evade the host type I interferon (IFN) responses at different levels, with viral proteins targeting IFN induction, signaling, and antiviral effector functions. Avian poxviruses (avipoxviruses), which have been developed as recombinant vaccine vectors for permissive (i.e., poultry) and nonpermissive (i.e., mammals, including humans) species, encode no obvious equivalents of any of these proteins. We show that fowlpox virus (FWPV) fails to induce chicken beta IFN (ChIFN2) and is able to block its induction by transfected poly(I·C), an analog of cytoplasmic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). A broad-scale loss-of-function genetic screen was used to find FWPV-encoded modulators of poly(I·C)-mediated ChIFN2 induction. It identified fpv012, a member of a family of poxvirus genes highly expanded in the avipoxviruses (31 in FWPV; 51 in canarypox virus [CNPV], representing 15% of the total gene complement), encoding proteins containing N-terminal ankyrin repeats (ANKs) and C-terminal F-box-like motifs. Under ectopic expression, the first ANK of fpv012 is dispensable for inhibitory activity and the CNPV ortholog is also able to inhibit induction of ChIFN2. FWPV defective in fpv012 replicates well in culture and barely induces ChIFN2 during infection, suggesting that other factors are involved in blocking IFN induction and resisting the antiviral effectors. Nevertheless, unlike parental and revertant viruses, the mutants induce moderate levels of expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), suggesting either that there is sufficient ChIFN2 expression to partially induce the ISGs or the involvement of alternative, IFN-independent pathways that are also normally blocked by fpv012.
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Both genome segments contribute to the pathogenicity of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. J Virol 2012; 87:2767-80. [PMID: 23269788 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02360-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes an economically significant disease of chickens worldwide. Very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) strains have emerged and induce as much as 60% mortality. The molecular basis for vvIBDV pathogenicity is not understood, and the relative contributions of the two genome segments, A and B, to this phenomenon are not known. Isolate 94432 has been shown previously to be genetically related to vvIBDVs but exhibits atypical antigenicity and does not cause mortality. Here the full-length genome of 94432 was determined, and a reverse genetics system was established. The molecular clone was rescued and exhibited the same antigenicity and reduced pathogenicity as isolate 94432. Genetically modified viruses derived from 94432, whose vvIBDV consensus nucleotide sequence was restored in segment A and/or B, were produced, and their pathogenicity was assessed in specific-pathogen-free chickens. We found that a valine (position 321) that modifies the most exposed part of the capsid protein VP2 critically modified the antigenicity and partially reduced the pathogenicity of 94432. However, a threonine (position 276) located in the finger domain of the virus polymerase (VP1) contributed even more significantly to attenuation. This threonine is partially exposed in a hydrophobic groove on the VP1 surface, suggesting possible interactions between VP1 and another, as yet unidentified molecule at this amino acid position. The restored vvIBDV-like pathogenicity was associated with increased replication and lesions in the thymus and spleen. These results demonstrate that both genome segments influence vvIBDV pathogenicity and may provide new targets for the attenuation of vvIBDVs.
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Hoque MM, Omar AR, Chong LK, Hair-Bejo M, Aini I. Pathogenicity of SspI-positive infectious bursal disease virus and molecular characterization of the VP2 hypervariable region. Avian Pathol 2012; 30:369-80. [PMID: 19184922 DOI: 10.1080/03079450120066377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenicity of four isolates of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) that have restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV), based on the presence of SspI and TaqI sites in the VP2 hypervariable region, was studied in specific pathogen free chickens. Chickens inoculated with isolates 92/04, 94/B551 and 97/61 developed severe clinical signs with a high mortality ranging from 70 to 80%, whereas the 94/273 isolate caused 10% mortality. Regardless of the isolates, significant differences were noted in the bursal lesion scores and bursa:body weight ratio index in the infected groups in comparison with the control groups. However, the presence of lesions in non-bursal tissues, muscles, thymus and at the junction of the proventriculus and gizzard were found only in the 92/04, 97/61 and 94/B551 isolates. Restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis of the VP2 hypervariable region indicated that all the isolates can be classified as vvIBDV based on the presence of SspI and TaqI sites at nucleotide positions 1011 and 833, respectively. In addition, all the isolates had amino acid substitutions at P222A, V256I and L294I, which are characteristic for vvIBDV isolated from different parts of the world. All the isolates except 94/273 also had a StyI site at nucleotide position 888. The absence of a StyI site in this isolate was associated with amino acid substitution at 254 from G to S. The 94/273 also had an amino acid substitution at position 270 from A to E, which is variable in the STC, Cu1 and OH strains. The presence of amino acid substitutions from G254S andA270E in SspI- and TaqI-positive vvIBDV strains is very uncommon and has not been reported previously. These amino acid variations might have caused the 94/273 to become less virulent in specific pathogen free chickens and resemble a classical virulent IBDV strain.
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Mahgoub HA, Bailey M, Kaiser P. An overview of infectious bursal disease. Arch Virol 2012; 157:2047-57. [PMID: 22707044 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral immunosuppressive disease of chickens attacking mainly an important lymphoid organ in birds [the bursa of Fabricius (BF)]. The emergence of new variant strains of the causative agent [infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)] has made it more urgent to develop new vaccination strategies against IBD. One of these strategies is the use of recombinant vaccines (DNA and viral-vectored vaccines). Several studies have investigated the host immune response towards IBDV. This review will present a detailed background on the disease and its causative agent, accompanied by a summary of the most recent findings regarding the host immune response to IBDV infection and the use of recombinant vaccines against IBD.
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Fernandes MJB, Simoni IC, Harakava R, Rivas EB, Arns CW. Partial VP1 sequencing of Brazilian infectious bursal disease virus strains. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:1015-21. [PMID: 24031921 PMCID: PMC3768875 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120003000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is classified according to the antigenicity and virulence into classical virulent (cv), very virulent (vv), and antigenic variant strains. The molecular basis for the IBDV antigenic variation is well established and is associated to the capsid protein, VP2 (gene VP2 of segment A), whereas both VP2 and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, VP1 (gene VP1 of segment B), have been correlated with the virulence. In this study, seventeen Brazilian IBDV samples previously characterized by the VP2 gene as cv (three) and vv (fourteen) strains were genetically and molecularly analyzed for their VP1 gene. All of the strains kept with the same cv or vv classification except one sample, Br/03/DR. This sample was classified as vv by its VP2 gene, but it was most closely related to the cv strains by its VP1 partial sequence and phylogeny. Studies on the phylogeny of VP1 have suggested a possible reassortment event that originated the vvVP1. In this case, the sample carrying vvVP2 and cvVP1 could be a descendant of IBDV ancestors prior to the reassortment of vvVP1; alternatively, it could be the result of a genetic exchange between the segments of different strains or with a live attenuated vaccine. Nevertheless, this is the first report of natural genetic reassortment of IBDV in Brazil.
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Eterradossi N, Arnauld C, Tekaia F, Toquin D, Le Coq H, Rivallan G, Guittet M, Domenech J, van den Berg TP, Skinner MA. Antigenic and genetic relationships between European very virulent infectious bursal disease viruses and an early West African isolate. Avian Pathol 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/03079459995028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Sequence variability and evolution of the terminal overlapping VP5 gene of the infectious bursal disease virus. Virus Genes 2010; 41:59-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-010-0485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Hon CC, Lam TTY, Yip CW, Wong RTY, Shi M, Jiang J, Zeng F, Leung FCC. Phylogenetic evidence for homologous recombination within the family Birnaviridae. J Gen Virol 2009; 89:3156-3164. [PMID: 19008406 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.2008/004101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Birnaviruses are bi-segmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses infecting insects, avian species and a wide range of aquatic species. Although homologous recombination is a common phenomenon in positive-sense RNA viruses, recombination in dsRNA viruses is rarely reported. Here we performed a comprehensive survey on homologous recombination in all available sequences (>1800) of the family Birnaviridae based on phylogenetic incongruence. Although inter-species recombination was not evident, potential intra-species recombination events were detected in aquabirnaviruses and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Eight potential recombination events were identified and the possibility that these events were non-naturally occurring was assessed case by case. Five of the eight events were identified in IBDVs and all of these five events involved live attenuated vaccine strains. This finding suggests that homologous recombination between vaccine and wild-type IBDV strains may have occurred; the potential risk of mass vaccination using live vaccines is discussed. This is the first report of evidence for homologous recombination within the family Birnaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chau Hon
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chi-Wai Yip
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Mang Shi
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Fanya Zeng
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Shi L, Li H, Ma G, Zhou J, Hong L, Zheng X, Wu Y, Wang Y, Yan Y. Competitive replication of different genotypes of infectious bursal disease virus on chicken embryo fibroblasts. Virus Genes 2008; 39:46-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-008-0313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Yuwen Y, Gao Y, Gao H, Qi X, Li T, Liu W, Wang X. Sequence analysis of the VP2 hypervariable region of eight very virulent infectious bursal disease virus isolates from the northeast of China. Avian Dis 2008; 52:284-90. [PMID: 18646458 DOI: 10.1637/8175-111707-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide sequences of the VP2 gene of eight infectious bursal disease viruses isolated from vaccinated chicken flocks in the northeast of China were determined. The sequence analysis showed that all of the isolates were also characterized by the vvIBDV conserved amino acid residues: 222A, 256I, 294I, and 299S. Four of them had one amino acid change (D-->N) at position 212 in VP2 major hydrophilic peak A, while two of the four isolates had another one (A-->V) at position 321 in major hydrophilic peak B. The other isolates were similar to the UK661 strain. Our findings demonstrated that the vvlBDV strains in the northeast of China could be diverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Yuwen
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China
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Isolation, characterization and genome sequence of a birnavirus strain from flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in China. Arch Virol 2008; 153:1143-8. [PMID: 18398563 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A birnavirus strain, Paralichthys olivaceus birnavirus (POBV), was isolated and characterized from cultured flounder in China, and its complete genomic sequence was subsequently determined. The virus could induce cytopathic effects (CPE) in four of seven fish cell lines and was resistant to chloroform, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, acid and alkaline pH, and heat treatment. Purified virus particles had a typical icosahedral shape, with a diameter of approximately 55-60 nm. The genomic segments A and B of POBV were 3,091 and 2,780 bp in length and shared many of the features of the members of the family Birnaviridae. Segment A contained two partially overlapping ORFs encoding a polyprotein, pVP2-VP4-VP3, and a nonstructural protein, VP5, while segment B had only one ORF encoding for the VP1, a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). This is the first report about a birnavirus strain from a new non-salmonid host in China and its complete genome sequence.
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Gao HL, Wang XM, Gao YL, Fu CY. Direct evidence of reassortment and mutant spectrum analysis of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. Avian Dis 2008; 51:893-9. [PMID: 18251399 DOI: 10.1637/7626-042706r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The complete genomic sequence of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) Gx strain was determined, including the sequences of segment A, encoding the precursor polyprotein, and segment B, encoding the viral RNA polymerase (VP1) and 5'- and 3'-untranslating regions. Alignment of segment A of Gx with the sequences of 12 other vvIBDV strains showed 97.5% to 99.0% amino acid identity, whereas alignment of segment B of Gx with nine other vvIBDV strains revealed high sequence divergence, ranging from 10.3% to 11%. Phylogenetic analysis of segments A and B showed that they were in different branches, indicating that the reassortment occurred in this strain and that segment A and segment B derived from different pathotype strains. The mutant spectrum analysis of quasispecies virus demonstrated that the mean minimum mutation frequency in VP1 was 8.78-fold higher than in the polyprotein. The most frequent mutations were in the first 1986 nucleotides (nonsynonymous mutations) and the last 660 nucleotides (synonymous mutations), indicating that the 219 amino acid residues in the C-terminal of the VP1 form a functional region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lei Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
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Wei Y, Yu X, Zheng J, Chu W, Xu H, Yu X, Yu L. Reassortant infectious bursal disease virus isolated in China. Virus Res 2008; 131:279-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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van den Berg TP, Gonze M, Morales D, Meulemans G. Acute infectious bursal disease in poultry: Immunological and molecular basis of antigenicity of a highly virulent strain. Avian Pathol 2007; 25:751-68. [DOI: 10.1080/03079459608419179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wu J, Yu L, Li L, Hu J, Zhou J, Zhou X. Oral immunization with transgenic rice seeds expressing VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus induces protective immune responses in chickens. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2007; 5:570-8. [PMID: 17561926 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2007.00270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The expression of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) host-protective immunogen VP2 protein in rice seeds, its immunogenicity and protective capability in chickens were investigated. The VP2 cDNA of IBDV strain ZJ2000 was cloned downstream of the Gt1 promoter of the rice glutelin GluA-2 gene in the binary expression vector, pCambia1301-Gt1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing the recombinant vector was used to transform rice embryogenic calli, and 121 transgenic lines were obtained and grown to maturity in a greenhouse. The expression level of VP2 protein in transgenic rice seeds varied from 0.678% to 4.521% microg/mg of the total soluble seed protein. Specific pathogen-free chickens orally vaccinated with transgenic rice seeds expressing VP2 protein produced neutralizing antibodies against IBDV and were protected when challenged with a highly virulent IBDV strain, BC6/85. These results demonstrate that transgenic rice seeds expressing IBDV VP2 can be used as an effective, safe and inexpensive vaccine against IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 31009, China
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Kasanga CJ, Yamaguchi T, Wambura PN, Maeda-Machang'u AD, Ohya K, Fukushi H. Molecular characterization of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV): diversity of very virulent IBDV in Tanzania. Arch Virol 2007; 152:783-90. [PMID: 17226068 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide sequences of the VP2 hypervariable region (VP2-HVR) of 14 infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDVs) isolated in Tanzania from 2001 to 2004 were determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates diverged into two genotypes and belonged to the very virulent (VV) type. In the phylogenetic tree, strains in one genotype clustered in a distinct group and were closely related to some strains isolated in western Africa, with nucleotide similarities of 96.1-96.8%, while strains in another genotype were clustered within the European/Asian VV type with nucleotide similarities ranging from 97.5 to 99.3%. Both genotypes were widely distributed throughout Tanzania, and had conserved putative virulence marker amino acids (aa) at positions 222(A), 242(I), 256(I), 294(I) and 299(S). Our findings demonstrate for the first time the existence of both African and European/Asian VV-IBDV variants in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Kasanga
- Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Yip CW, Yeung YS, Ma CM, Lam PY, Hon CC, Zeng F, Leung FCC. Demonstration of receptor binding properties of VP2 of very virulent strain infectious bursal disease virus on Vero cells. Virus Res 2007; 123:50-6. [PMID: 16965830 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue culture adaptation of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) results in alternation of three residues on its major capsid protein VP2 and these residues may engage in receptor binding. Although the key of successful infection of tissue culture adapted IBDV in tissue cultures was defined as the virus entering steps, mechanism of the adaptation is poorly understood. In this study, recombinant VP2s of an attenuated strain (D78) and a very virulent strain (HK46) of IBDV tagged with rabbit immunoglobulin G heavy chain were expressed in mammalian cells, generating RAVP2 and RVVP2, respectively, in high purity. Using flow cytometry, both RAVP2 and RVVP2 were demonstrated to bind with Vero cells while these bindings were blocked by D78 viral particles, implying both very virulent IBDVs (vvIBDVs) and attenuated IBDVs bind to Vero cells through the same receptor(s). Since vvIBDVs cannot be propagated directly in tissue cultures, the specific binding between RVVP2 and Vero cells suggests the barrier for tissue culture adaptation may be beyond the virus attachment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wai Yip
- Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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