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Burgess SC, Turner AM, Johnston EC. Niche breadth and divergence in sympatric cryptic coral species ( Pocillopora spp.) across habitats within reefs and among algal symbionts. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13762. [PMID: 39100752 PMCID: PMC11294925 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
While the presence of morphologically cryptic species is increasingly recognized, we still lack a useful understanding of what causes and maintains co-occurring cryptic species and its consequences for the ecology, evolution, and conservation of communities. We sampled 724 Pocillopora corals from five habitat zones (the fringing reef, back reef, and fore reef at 5, 10, and 20 m) at four sites around the island of Moorea, French Polynesia. Using validated genetic markers, we identified six sympatric species of Pocillopora, most of which cannot be reliably identified based on morphology: P. meandrina (42.9%), P. tuahiniensis (25.1%), P. verrucosa (12.2%), P. acuta (10.4%), P. grandis (7.73%), and P. cf. effusa (2.76%). For 423 colonies (58% of the genetically identified hosts), we also used psbA ncr or ITS2 markers to identify symbiont species (Symbiodiniaceae). The relative abundance of Pocillopora species differed across habitats within the reef. Sister taxa P. verrucosa and P. tuahiniensis had similar niche breadths and hosted the same specialist symbiont species (mostly Cladocopium pacificum) but the former was more common in the back reef and the latter more common deeper on the fore reef. In contrast, sister taxa P. meandrina and P. grandis had the highest niche breadths and overlaps and tended to host the same specialist symbiont species (mostly C. latusorum). Pocillopora acuta had the narrowest niche breadth and hosted the generalist, and more thermally tolerant, Durusdinium gynnii. Overall, there was a positive correlation between reef habitat niche breadth and symbiont niche breadth-Pocillopora species with a broader habitat niche also had a broader symbiont niche. Our results show how fine-scale variation within reefs plays an important role in the generation and coexistence of cryptic species. The results also have important implications for how niche differences affect community resilience, and for the success of coral restoration practices, in ways not previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Burgess
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Alyssa M. Turner
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Erika C. Johnston
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
- Present address:
Hawai‘i Institute of Marine BiologyKāne‘oheHawaiiUSA
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2
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Edmunds PJ, Maritorena S, Burgess SC. Early post-settlement events, rather than settlement, drive recruitment and coral recovery at Moorea, French Polynesia. Oecologia 2024; 204:625-640. [PMID: 38418704 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Understanding population dynamics is a long-standing objective of ecology, but the need for progress in this area has become urgent. For coral reefs, achieving this objective is impeded by a lack of information on settlement versus post-settlement events in determining recruitment and population size. Declines in coral abundance are often inferred to be associated with reduced densities of recruits, which could arise from mechanisms occurring at larval settlement, or throughout post-settlement stages. This study uses annual measurements from 2008 to 2021 of coral cover, the density of coral settlers (S), the density of small corals (SC), and environmental conditions, to evaluate the roles of settlement versus post-settlement events in determining rates of coral recruitment and changes in coral cover at Moorea, French Polynesia. Coral cover, S, SC, and the SC:S ratio (a proxy for post-settlement success), and environmental conditions, were used in generalized additive models (GAMs) to show that: (a) coral cover was more strongly related to SC and SC:S than S, and (b) SC:S was highest when preceded by cool seawater, low concentrations of Chlorophyll a, and low flow speeds, and S showed evidence of declining with elevated temperature. Together, these results suggest that changes in coral cover in Moorea are more strongly influenced by post-settlement events than settlement. The key to understanding coral community resilience may lie in elucidating the factors attenuating the bottleneck between settlers and small corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Edmunds
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, 91330-8303, USA.
| | - Stéphane Maritorena
- Earth Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-3060, USA
| | - Scott C Burgess
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4295, USA
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3
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Suarez-Bregua P, Rosendo S, Comesaña P, Sánchez-Ruiloba L, Morán P, Planas M, Rotllant J. Dynamic changes in DNA methylation during seahorse (Hippocampus reidi) postnatal development and settlement. Front Zool 2021; 18:52. [PMID: 34627317 PMCID: PMC8502395 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Most living marine organisms have a biphasic life cycle dependent on metamorphosis and settlement. These critical life-history events mean that a developmentally competent larva undergoes a range of coordinated morphological and physiological changes that are in synchrony with the ecological transition from a pelagic to a benthonic lifestyle. Therefore, transition from a pelagic to a benthonic habitat requires multiple adaptations, however, the underlying mechanisms regulating this process still remains unclear. Epigenetic regulation and specifically DNA methylation, has been suggested to be particularly important for organisms to adapt to new environments. Seahorses (Family Syngnathidae, Genus Hippocampus) are a fascinating group of fish, distinguished by their unique anatomical features, reproductive strategy and behavior. They are unique among vertebrate species due to their “male pregnancy”, where males nourish developing embryos and larvae in a brood pouch until hatching and parturition occurs. After birth, free-swimming offspring are pelagic and subsequently they change into a demersal lifestyle. Therefore, to begin to address the question whether epigenetic processes could be involved in the transition from a planktonic to a benthonic lifestyle observed in seahorses, we studied global DNA methylation profiles in a tropical seahorse species (Hippocampus reidi) during postnatal development and settlement. Results We performed methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) along with quantitative expression analysis for genes suggested to be involved in the methylation machinery at six age groups: 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after male’s pouch release (DAR). Results revealed that the H. reidi genome has a significantly different DNA methylation profile during postnatal development and settlement on demersal habitats. Moreover, gene expression analysis showed up- and down-regulation of specific DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) encoding genes. Conclusion Our data show that the differences in the DNA methylation patterns seen among developmental stages and during the transition from a pelagic to a benthonic lifestyle suggest a potential for epigenetic regulation of gene expression (through DNA methylation) in this species. Therefore, epigenetic mechanisms could be necessary for seahorse settlement. Nevertheless, if these epigenetic mechanisms come from internal or if they are initiated via external environmental cues should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Suarez-Bregua
- Acuatic Biotechnology-ACUABIOTEC Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Marine Research Institute IIM-CSIC, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Sofia Rosendo
- Acuatic Biotechnology-ACUABIOTEC Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Marine Research Institute IIM-CSIC, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pilar Comesaña
- Acuatic Biotechnology-ACUABIOTEC Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Marine Research Institute IIM-CSIC, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Lucia Sánchez-Ruiloba
- Acuatic Biotechnology-ACUABIOTEC Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Marine Research Institute IIM-CSIC, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Paloma Morán
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Miquel Planas
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Marine Research Institute IIM-CSIC, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Josep Rotllant
- Acuatic Biotechnology-ACUABIOTEC Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Marine Research Institute IIM-CSIC, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
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4
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Sakai Y, Kato K, Koyama H, Kuba A, Takahashi H, Fujimori T, Hatta M, Negri AP, Baird AH, Ueno N. A step-down photophobic response in coral larvae: implications for the light-dependent distribution of the common reef coral, Acropora tenuis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17680. [PMID: 33077782 PMCID: PMC7572417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral responses to environmental factors at the planktonic larval stage can have a crucial influence on habitat selection and therefore adult distributions in many benthic organisms. Reef-building corals show strong patterns of zonation across depth or underwater topography, with different suites of species aggregating in different light environments. One potential mechanism driving this pattern is the response of free-swimming larvae to light. However, there is little experimental support for this hypothesis; in particular, there are few direct and quantitative observations of larval behavior in response to light. Here, we analyzed the swimming behavior of larvae of the common reef coral Acropora tenuis under various light conditions. Larvae exhibited a step-down photophobic response, i.e. a marked decrease in swimming speed, in response to a rapid attenuation (step-down) of light intensity. Observations of larvae under different wavelengths indicated that only the loss of blue light (wavelengths between 400 and 500 nm) produced a significant response. Mathematical simulations of this step-down photophobic response indicate that larvae will aggregate in the lighter areas of two-dimensional large rectangular fields. These results suggest that the step-down photophobic response of coral larvae may play an important role in determining where larval settle on the reef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sakai
- Division of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. .,Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kagayaki Kato
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Imaging Science, Center for Novel Science Initiatives, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Division of Evolutionary Biology Biodiversity, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koyama
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Alyson Kuba
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Division of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hatta
- Department of Biology, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew H Baird
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Naoto Ueno
- Division of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. .,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
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Carry-over effects modulated by salinity during the early ontogeny of the euryhaline crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus from the Southeastern Pacific coast: Development time and carbon and energy content of offspring. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 217:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Shlesinger T, Grinblat M, Rapuano H, Amit T, Loya Y. Can mesophotic reefs replenish shallow reefs? Reduced coral reproductive performance casts a doubt. Ecology 2018; 99:421-437. [PMID: 29205289 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mesophotic coral ecosystems (i.e., deep coral reefs at 30-120 m depth) appear to be thriving while many shallow reefs in the world are declining. Amid efforts to understand and manage their decline, it was suggested that mesophotic reefs might serve as natural refuges and a possible source of propagules for the shallow reefs. However, our knowledge of how reproductive performance of corals alters with depth is sparse. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the reproductive phenology, fecundity, and abundance of seven reef-building conspecific corals in shallow and mesophotic habitats. Significant differences were found in the synchrony and timing of gametogenesis and spawning between shallow and mesophotic coral populations. Thus, mesophotic populations exhibited delayed or protracted spawning events, which led to spawning of the mesophotic colonies in large proportions at times where the shallow ones had long been depleted of reproductive material. All species investigated demonstrated a substantial reduction in fecundity and/or oocyte sizes at mesophotic depths (40-60 m). Two species (Seriatopora hystrix and Galaxea fascicularis) displayed a reduction in both fecundity and oocyte size at mesophotic depths. Turbinaria reniformis had only reduced fecundity and Acropora squarrosa and Acropora valida only reduced oocyte size. In Montipora verrucosa, reduced fecundity was found during one annual reproductive season while, in the following year, only reduced oocyte size was found. In contrast, reduced oocyte size in mesophotic populations of Acropora squarrosa was consistent along three studied years. One species, Acropora pharaonis, was found to be infertile at mesophotic depths along two studied years. This indicates that reproductive performance decreases with depth; and that although some species are capable of reproducing at mesophotic depths, their contribution to the replenishment of shallow reefs may be inconsequential. Reduced reproductive performance with depth, combined with the possible narrower tolerance to environmental factors, further suggests that mesophotic corals may in fact be more vulnerable than previously conceived. Furthermore, we posit that the observed temporal segregation in reproduction could lead to assortative mating, and this, in turn, may facilitate adaptive divergence across depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Shlesinger
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Mila Grinblat
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Hanna Rapuano
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Tal Amit
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel.,The School of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Michmoret, 40297, Israel
| | - Yossi Loya
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
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7
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Pecquet A, Dorey N, Chan KYK. Ocean acidification increases larval swimming speed and has limited effects on spawning and settlement of a robust fouling bryozoan, Bugula neritina. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:903-910. [PMID: 28341296 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Few studies to date have investigated the effects of ocean acidification on non-reef forming marine invertebrates with non-feeding larvae. Here, we exposed adults of the bryozoan Bugula neritina and their larvae to lowered pH. We monitored spawning, larval swimming, settlement, and post-settlement individual sizes at two pHs (7.9 vs. 7.6) and settlement dynamics alone over a broader pH range (8.0 down to 6.5). Our results show that spawning was not affected by adult exposure (48h at pH7.6), larvae swam 32% faster and the newly-settled individuals grew significantly larger (5%) at pH7.6 than in the control. Although larvae required more time to settle when pH was lowered, reduced pH was not lethal, even down to pH6.5. Overall, this fouling species appeared to be robust to acidification, and yet, indirect effects such as prolonging the pelagic larval duration could increase predation risk, and might negatively impact population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Pecquet
- Science and Technology Faculty, University of La Rochelle, France; Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Narimane Dorey
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Kit Yu Karen Chan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
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8
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Wasson K, Hughes BB, Berriman JS, Chang AL, Deck AK, Dinnel PA, Endris C, Espinoza M, Dudas S, Ferner MC, Grosholz ED, Kimbro D, Ruesink JL, Trimble AC, Vander Schaaf D, Zabin CJ, Zacherl DC. Coast-wide recruitment dynamics of Olympia oysters reveal limited synchrony and multiple predictors of failure. Ecology 2017; 97:3503-3516. [PMID: 27912012 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of new propagules into a population can be a critical determinant of adult density. We examined recruitment dynamics in the Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida), a species occurring almost entirely in estuaries. We investigated spatial scales of interannual synchrony across 37 sites in eight estuaries along 2,500 km of Pacific North American coastline, predicting that high vs. low recruitment years would coincide among neighboring estuaries due to shared exposure to regional oceanographic factors. Such synchrony in recruitment has been found for many marine species and some migratory estuarine species, but has never been examined across estuaries in a species that can complete its entire life cycle within the same estuary. To inform ongoing restoration efforts for Olympia oysters, which have declined in abundance in many estuaries, we also investigated predictors of recruitment failure. We found striking contrasts in absolute recruitment rate and frequency of recruitment failure among sites, estuaries, and years. Although we found a positive relationship between upwelling and recruitment, there was little evidence of synchrony in recruitment among estuaries along the coast, and only limited synchrony of sites within estuaries, suggesting recruitment rates are affected more strongly by local dynamics within estuaries than by regional oceanographic factors operating at scales encompassing multiple estuaries. This highlights the importance of local wetland and watershed management for the demography of oysters, and perhaps other species that can complete their entire life cycle within estuaries. Estuaries with more homogeneous environmental conditions had greater synchrony among sites, and this led to the potential for estuary-wide failure when all sites had no recruitment in the same year. Environmental heterogeneity within estuaries may thus buffer against estuary-wide recruitment failure, analogous to the portfolio effect for diversity. Recruitment failure was correlated with lower summer water temperature, higher winter salinity, and shorter residence time: all indicators of stronger marine influence on estuaries. Recruitment failure was also more common in estuaries with limited networks of nearby adult oysters. Large existing oyster networks are thus of high conservation value, while estuaries that lack them would benefit from restoration efforts to increase the extent and connectivity of sites supporting oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wasson
- Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, 1700 Elkhorn Road, Royal Oaks, California, 95064, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, California, 95060, USA
| | - Brent B Hughes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, California, 95060, USA
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, 28516, USA
| | - John S Berriman
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, California, 92866-1005, USA
- Department of Biological Science (MH-282), California State University, P.O. Box 6850, Fullerton, California, 92834-6850, USA
| | - Andrew L Chang
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 3152 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, California, 94920, USA
- San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, 3152 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, California, 94920, USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Anna K Deck
- San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, 3152 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, California, 94920, USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Paul A Dinnel
- Skagit County Marine Resources Committee, 1800 Continental Place, Mount Vernon, Washington, 98273, USA
| | - Charlie Endris
- Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, 1700 Elkhorn Road, Royal Oaks, California, 95064, USA
| | - Michael Espinoza
- Department of Biological Science (MH-282), California State University, P.O. Box 6850, Fullerton, California, 92834-6850, USA
| | - Sarah Dudas
- Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9R 5S5, USA
| | - Matthew C Ferner
- San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, 3152 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, California, 94920, USA
| | - Edwin D Grosholz
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - David Kimbro
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, 01908, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ruesink
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Alan C Trimble
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Dick Vander Schaaf
- The Nature Conservancy, 821 SE 14th Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97214, USA
| | - Chela J Zabin
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 3152 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, California, 94920, USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Danielle C Zacherl
- Department of Biological Science (MH-282), California State University, P.O. Box 6850, Fullerton, California, 92834-6850, USA
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Tsang LM, Shen X, Cheang CC, Chu KH, Chan BKK. Gene rearrangement and sequence analysis of mitogenomes suggest polyphyly of Archaeobalanid and Balanid barnacles (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha). ZOOL SCR 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ming Tsang
- Institute of Marine Biology; National Taiwan Ocean University; Keelung 20224 Taiwan
| | - Xin Shen
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory; School of Life Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin NT Hong Kong China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/College of Marine Science; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Chi Chiu Cheang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies; The Education University of Hong Kong; Taipo Hong Kong China
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory; School of Life Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin NT Hong Kong China
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10
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Zhan Y, Hu W, Zhang W, Liu M, Duan L, Huang X, Chang Y, Li C. The impact of CO 2-driven ocean acidification on early development and calcification in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:291-302. [PMID: 27522173 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of CO2-driven ocean acidification(OA) on early development and calcification in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius cultured in northern Yellow Sea was investigated by comparing fertilization success, early cleavage rate, hatching rate of blastulae, larvae survival rate at 70h post-fertilization, larval morphology and calcification under present natural seawater condition (pH=8.00±0.03) and three laboratory-controlled acidified conditions (OA1, △pH=-0.3units; OA2, △pH=-0.4units; OA3, △pH=-0.5units) projected by IPCC for 2100. Results showed that pH decline had no effect on the overall fertilization, however, with decreased pH, delayed early embryonic cleavage, reduced hatching rate of blastulae and four-armed larvae survival rate at 70h post-fertilization, impaired larval symmetry, shortened larval spicules, and corrosion spicule structure were observed in all OA-treated groups as compared to control, which indicated that CO2-driven OA affected early development and calcification in S. intermedius negatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Wanbin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Minbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Lizhu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xianya Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
| | - Cong Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
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11
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Using post-settlement demography to estimate larval survivorship: a coral reef fish example. Oecologia 2015; 179:729-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Acidification reduced growth rate but not swimming speed of larval sea urchins. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9764. [PMID: 25978405 PMCID: PMC4432868 DOI: 10.1038/srep09764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Swimming behaviors of planktonic larvae impact dispersal and population dynamics of many benthic marine invertebrates. This key ecological function is modulated by larval development dynamics, biomechanics of the resulting morphology, and behavioral choices. Studies on ocean acidification effects on larval stages have yet to address this important interaction between development and swimming under environmentally-relevant flow conditions. Our video motion analysis revealed that pH covering present and future natural variability (pH 8.0, 7.6 and 7.2) did not affect age-specific swimming of larval green urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in still water nor in shear, despite acidified individuals being significantly smaller in size (reduced growth rate). This maintenance of speed and stability in shear was accompanied by an overall change in size-corrected shape, implying changes in swimming biomechanics. Our observations highlight strong evolutionary pressure to maintain swimming in a varying environment and the plasticity in larval responses to environmental change.
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Ferrer RP, Lunsford ET, Candido CM, Strawn ML, Pierce KM. Saxitoxin and the Ochre Sea Star: Molecule of Keystone Significance and a Classic Keystone Species. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:533-42. [PMID: 25857524 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saxitoxins (STXs) are paralytic alkaloids produced by marine dinoflagellates in response to biotic and abiotic stressors yielding harmful algal blooms. Because STX impacts coastal, near-shore communities to a greater extent than would be predicted by its relative abundance, it has been referred to as a "molecule of keystone significance" in reference to Robert Paine's Keystone Species Concept. Pisaster ochraceus, the predator upon which Paine's concept was founded, inhabits waters regularly plagued by harmful algal blooms, but the effects of STX on Pisaster have not yet been investigated. Here, we used laboratory and field experiments to examine the potential consequences of exposure to STX on sea stars' feeding, attachment to the substrate, and success in fertilization. Pisaster exhibited similar feeding behaviors when offered non-toxic prey, STX-containing prey, or a combination of the two. Although feeding behavior is unaffected, consumption of STX poses a physiological tradeoff. Sea stars in the laboratory and field had significantly lower thresholds of the force needed to detach them from their substrates after either being exposed to, or consuming, STX. High pressure (or high performance) liquid chromatography analysis indicated an accumulation of STX (and structural analogues) in sea stars' viscera, likely due to trophic transfer from toxic prey. Incidence of fertilization tended to decrease when gametes were exposed to high, yet ecologically relevant, STX concentrations of STX. These findings suggest that the molecule of keystone significance, STX, produced during harmful algal blooms extends its impacts to rocky intertidal communities by way of the keystone predator P. ochraceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Ferrer
- *Department of Biology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119, USA;
| | - Elias T Lunsford
- *Department of Biology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Camillo M Candido
- *Department of Biology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Madison L Strawn
- Department of Chemistry, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Karisa M Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
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Wright D, Bishop JM, Matthee CA, von der Heyden S. Genetic isolation by distance reveals restricted dispersal across a range of life histories: implications for biodiversity conservation planning across highly variable marine environments. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wright
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute; DST/NRF Centre of Excellence; Department of Biological Sciences; University of Cape Town; Private Bag X3 Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Jacqueline M. Bishop
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Cape Town; Private Bag X3 Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Conrad A. Matthee
- Evolutionary Genomics Group; Department of Botany and Zoology; Stellenbosch University; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
| | - Sophie von der Heyden
- Evolutionary Genomics Group; Department of Botany and Zoology; Stellenbosch University; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
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Fine-scale distribution and spatial variability of benthic invertebrate larvae in an open coastal embayment in Nova Scotia, Canada. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106178. [PMID: 25153075 PMCID: PMC4143338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study quantified the fine- scale (0.5 km) of variability in the horizontal distributions of benthic invertebrate larvae and related this variability to that in physical and biological variables, such as density, temperature, salinity, fluorescence and current velocity. Larvae were sampled in contiguous 500-m transects along two perpendicular 10-km transects with a 200-µm plankton ring net (0.75-m diameter) in St. George’s Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, in Aug 2009. Temperature, conductivity, pressure and fluorescence were measured with a CTD cast at each station, and currents were measured with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler moored at the intersection of the 2 transects. Gastropod, bivalve and, to a lesser extent, bryozoan larvae had very similar spatial distributions, but the distribution of decapod larvae had a different pattern. These findings suggest that taxonomic groups with functionally similar larvae have similar dispersive properties such as distribution and spatial variability, while the opposite is true for groups with functionally dissimilar larvae. The spatial variability in larval distributions was anisotropic and matched the temporal/spatial variability in the current velocity. We postulate that in a system with no strong oceanographic features, the scale of spatially coherent physical forcing (e.g. tidal periodicity) can regulate the formation or maintenance of larval patches; however, swimming ability may modulate it.
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Gobler CJ, DePasquale EL, Griffith AW, Baumann H. Hypoxia and acidification have additive and synergistic negative effects on the growth, survival, and metamorphosis of early life stage bivalves. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83648. [PMID: 24416169 PMCID: PMC3885513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low oxygen zones in coastal and open ocean ecosystems have expanded in recent decades, a trend that will accelerate with climatic warming. There is growing recognition that low oxygen regions of the ocean are also acidified, a condition that will intensify with rising levels of atmospheric CO2. Presently, however, the concurrent effects of low oxygen and acidification on marine organisms are largely unknown, as most prior studies of marine hypoxia have not considered pH levels. We experimentally assessed the consequences of hypoxic and acidified water for early life stage bivalves (bay scallops, Argopecten irradians, and hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria), marine organisms of significant economic and ecological value and sensitive to climate change. In larval scallops, experimental and naturally-occurring acidification (pH, total scale = 7.4-7.6) reduced survivorship (by >50%), low oxygen (30-50 µM) inhibited growth and metamorphosis (by >50%), and the two stressors combined produced additively negative outcomes. In early life stage clams, however, hypoxic waters led to 30% higher mortality, while acidified waters significantly reduced growth (by 60%). Later stage clams were resistant to hypoxia or acidification separately but experienced significantly (40%) reduced growth rates when exposed to both conditions simultaneously. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the consequences of low oxygen and acidification for early life stage bivalves, and likely other marine organisms, are more severe than would be predicted by either individual stressor and thus must be considered together when assessing how ocean animals respond to these conditions both today and under future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth L. DePasquale
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew W. Griffith
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, United States of America
| | - Hannes Baumann
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, United States of America
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VanMeter K, Edwards MS. The effects of mysid grazing on kelp zoospore survival and settlement. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2013; 49:896-901. [PMID: 27007314 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that long-distance dispersal by kelp zoospores may play an important role in the colonization of newly exposed rocky habitats and in the recovery of recently disturbed kelp forests. This may be facilitated by the vertical transport of zoospores into the shallower portions of the water column where they are exposed to greater alongshore currents that increase their dispersal potential. However, this vertical transport can also expose them to elevated irradiances and enhanced grazing by zooplankton, both of which negatively impact zoospore survival and settlement. In this study, we used plankton tows to show that zooplankton (mysids) were at least seven times more abundant in the surface waters than near the benthos along the edge of a large kelp forest at the time of our spring sampling. We then used feeding experiments and epifluorescence microscopy to verify that these mysids grazed on kelp zoospores. Finally, we conducted laboratory experiments to show that grazing by these mysids over a 12 h period reduced kelp zoospore settlement by at least 50% relative to treatments without grazing. Together with previous studies that have revealed the impacts of high irradiance on zoospore survival and settlement, our study indicates that the vertical transport of kelp zoospores into the shallower portions of the water can also expose them to significantly increased mortality from mysid grazing. Thus, if these patterns are consistent over broader temporal and geographic scales, vertical transport may not be a viable method for sustained long-distance zoospore dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle VanMeter
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
| | - Matthew S Edwards
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
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Rius M, Potter EE, Aguirre JD, Stachowicz JJ. Mechanisms of biotic resistance across complex life cycles. J Anim Ecol 2013; 83:296-305. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rius
- Ocean and Earth Science; University of Southampton; National Oceanography Centre; European Way; Southampton SO14 3ZH UK
- Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB, CSIC); Accés a la Cala S. Francesc 14; Blanes 17300 Spain
| | - Elaine E. Potter
- Department of Biological Sciences, 120 Flagg Road; University of Rhode Island; Kingston RI 02881 - 0816 USA
| | - J. David Aguirre
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland; St. Lucia; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - John J. Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology; University of California; 2320 Storer Hall, One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
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Prado P, Tomas F, Pinna S, Farina S, Roca G, Ceccherelli G, Romero J, Alcoverro T. Habitat and scale shape the demographic fate of the keystone sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in Mediterranean macrophyte communities. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35170. [PMID: 22536355 PMCID: PMC3335053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Demographic processes exert different degrees of control as individuals grow, and in species that span several habitats and spatial scales, this can influence our ability to predict their population at a particular life-history stage given the previous life stage. In particular, when keystone species are involved, this relative coupling between demographic stages can have significant implications for the functioning of ecosystems. We examined benthic and pelagic abundances of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in order to: 1) understand the main life-history bottlenecks by observing the degree of coupling between demographic stages; and 2) explore the processes driving these linkages. P. lividus is the dominant invertebrate herbivore in the Mediterranean Sea, and has been repeatedly observed to overgraze shallow beds of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica and rocky macroalgal communities. We used a hierarchical sampling design at different spatial scales (100 s, 10 s and <1 km) and habitats (seagrass and rocky macroalgae) to describe the spatial patterns in the abundance of different demographic stages (larvae, settlers, recruits and adults). Our results indicate that large-scale factors (potentially currents, nutrients, temperature, etc.) determine larval availability and settlement in the pelagic stages of urchin life history. In rocky macroalgal habitats, benthic processes (like predation) acting at large or medium scales drive adult abundances. In contrast, adult numbers in seagrass meadows are most likely influenced by factors like local migration (from adjoining rocky habitats) functioning at much smaller scales. The complexity of spatial and habitat-dependent processes shaping urchin populations demands a multiplicity of approaches when addressing habitat conservation actions, yet such actions are currently mostly aimed at managing predation processes and fish numbers. We argue that a more holistic ecosystem management also needs to incorporate the landscape and habitat-quality level processes (eutrophication, fragmentation, etc.) that together regulate the populations of this keystone herbivore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Prado
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Aquatic Ecosystems, Tarragona, Spain.
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Abstract
A long-term, large-scale empirical test of the recruitment limitation hypothesis was done by sampling fish populations from the southern Great Barrier Reef after having monitored their recruitment histories for 9 years. After adjustment for demographic differences, recruitment patterns explained over 90 percent of the spatial variation in abundance of a common damselfish among seven coral reefs. The age structures from individual reefs also preserved major temporal variations in the recruitment signal over at least 10 years. Abundance and demography of this small fish at these spatial and temporal scales can be explained almost entirely as variable recruitment interacting with density-independent mortality.
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Dutertre M, Beninger PG, Barillé L, Papin M, Haure J. Rising water temperatures, reproduction and recruitment of an invasive oyster, Crassostrea gigas, on the French Atlantic coast. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2010; 69:1-9. [PMID: 19682738 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The recent appearance and invasion of feral oysters (Crassostrea gigas) along the northern European Atlantic coast, underscores the necessity to investigate the relationship between environmental variables, reproductive physiology, larval development and recruitment. We studied these relationships at both high (HT) and intermediate (IT) - turbidity sites, through historical data on water temperatures, multi-parameter environmental probes, histological analyses, and field collections of planktonic larvae and settled post-larvae in 2005 and 2006. A progressive warming trend was observed, especially since 1995, when oyster proliferation first became severe. Threshold temperatures for oocyte growth, larval development and settlement were achieved in both 2005 and 2006. The HT site showed greater numbers of larvae and post-larvae than the IT site for both years, with the highest numbers of post-larvae observed at both sites during the warmer summer of 2006. These results suggest that increased temperatures in northern European waters allow successful reproduction, larval development, and recruitment of C. gigas. High turbidity conditions further enhance this success.
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Sousa WP, Kennedy PG, Mitchell BJ, Ordóñez L BM. SUPPLY-SIDE ECOLOGY IN MANGROVES: DO PROPAGULE DISPERSAL AND SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT EXPLAIN FOREST STRUCTURE? ECOL MONOGR 2007. [DOI: 10.1890/05-1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Giménez, Klaus Anger L, Torres G. Linking life history traits in successive phases of a complex life cycle: effects of larval biomass on early juvenile development in an estuarine crab,Chasmagnathus granulata. OIKOS 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sabo JL, Holmes EE, Kareiva P. EFFICACY OF SIMPLE VIABILITY MODELS IN ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT: DOES DENSITY DEPENDENCE MATTER? Ecology 2004. [DOI: 10.1890/03-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Camus PA, De Ciencias F. Populations, metapopulations, and the open-closed dilemma: the conflict between operational and natural population concepts. OIKOS 2002. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.970313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hughes TP, Baird AH, Dinsdale EA, Moltschaniwskyj NA, Pratchett MS, Tanner JE, Willis BL. SUPPLY-SIDE ECOLOGY WORKS BOTH WAYS: THE LINK BETWEEN BENTHIC ADULTS, FECUNDITY, AND LARVAL RECRUITS. Ecology 2000. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[2241:ssewbw]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hughes TP, Baird AH, Dinsdale EA, Moltschaniwskyj NA, Pratchett MS, Tanner JE, Willis BL. SUPPLY-SIDE ECOLOGY WORKS BOTH WAYS: THE LINK BETWEEN BENTHIC ADULTS, FECUNDITY, AND LARVAL RECRUITS. Ecology 2000. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658%282000%29081%5b2241:ssewbw%5d2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Menge BA, Daley BA, Lubchenco J, Sanford E, Dahlhoff E, Halpin PM, Hudson G, Burnaford JL. TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP REGULATION OF NEW ZEALAND ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITIES. ECOL MONOGR 1999. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(1999)069[0297:tdabur]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Littorin B, Gilek M. Vertical patterns in biomass, size structure, growth and recruitment ofMytilus edulisin an archipelago area in the northern baltic sea proper. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/00785326.1999.10409391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Stanwell-Smith D, Peck LS, Clarke A, Murray AWA, Todd CD. The distribution, abundance and seasonality of pelagic marine invertebrate larvae in the maritime Antarctic. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1999.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey of pelagic larvae was undertaken between November 1992 and February 1995 at Signy Island, Antarctica (60° 43′ S, 45° 36′ W). A diver–towed net and hand–held plankton pump were used at five sites of varying depths (6–30 m) and benthic substrata, in a combination of monthly and fortnightly samples. Overall larval ecological diversity was much higher than expected, with 131 morphologically distinct larval forms collected, apparently representing most of the benthic phyla present. The species richness observed is comparable with levels recorded at temperate latitudes, and higher than Arctic data and the implications for Thorson's rule (the inferred cline of reduced pelagic larval diversity towards high latitudes) is discussed. Larval abundances were low (mean 2.6 individuals per m
3
) which were two to six orders of magnitude lower than peaks in comparable data from temperate and tropical zones. We suggest that the low abundances recorded are a reflection of both slow developmental rates and a high dilution of larvae, reducing synchrony and spreading larvae over larger distances. Three seasonal periods, during which different larval types occur, have been identified. Summer, late summer and winter spawning strategies were discernable, and in some groups larvae occurred throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lloyd S. Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Andrew Clarke
- British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | | | - Christopher D. Todd
- Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
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Menge BA, Daley BA, Wheeler PA, Dahlhoff E, Sanford E, Strub PT. Benthic-pelagic links and rocky intertidal communities: bottom-up effects on top-down control? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:14530-5. [PMID: 9405647 PMCID: PMC25044 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insight into the dependence of benthic communities on biological and physical processes in nearshore pelagic environments, long considered a "black box," has eluded ecologists. In rocky intertidal communities at Oregon coastal sites 80 km apart, differences in abundance of sessile invertebrates, herbivores, carnivores, and macrophytes in the low zone were not readily explained by local scale differences in hydrodynamic or physical conditions (wave forces, surge flow, or air temperature during low tide). Field experiments employing predator and herbivore manipulations and prey transplants suggested top-down (predation, grazing) processes varied positively with bottom-up processes (growth of filter-feeders, prey recruitment), but the basis for these differences was unknown. Shore-based sampling revealed that between-site differences were associated with nearshore oceanographic conditions, including phytoplankton concentration and productivity, particulates, and water temperature during upwelling. Further, samples taken at 19 sites along 380 km of coastline suggested that the differences documented between two sites reflect broader scale gradients of phytoplankton concentration. Among several alternative explanations, a coastal hydrodynamics hypothesis, reflecting mesoscale (tens to hundreds of kilometers) variation in the interaction between offshore currents and winds and continental shelf bathymetry, was inferred to be the primary underlying cause. Satellite imagery and offshore chlorophyll-a samples are consistent with the postulated mechanism. Our results suggest that benthic community dynamics can be coupled to pelagic ecosystems by both trophic and transport linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Menge
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2914, USA
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Caley MJ, Carr MH, Hixon MA, Hughes TP, Jones GP, Menge BA. RECRUITMENT AND THE LOCAL DYNAMICS OF OPEN MARINE POPULATIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 844] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Caley
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
| | - M. H. Carr
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
| | - M. A. Hixon
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
| | - T. P. Hughes
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
| | - G. P. Jones
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
| | - B. A. Menge
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
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MacIsaac HJ. Population structure of an introduced species (Dreissena polymorpha) along a wave-swept disturbance gradient. Oecologia 1996; 105:484-492. [PMID: 28307141 DOI: 10.1007/bf00330011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/1995] [Accepted: 09/20/1995] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha was introduced to North America during the mid-1980s, and is now a dominant member of many benthic communities in the lower Great Lakes. In this study, I explored the abundance, biomass, size structure and settlement of Dreissena inhabiting rocks along a wave-swept disturbance gradient near Middle Sister Island in western Lake Erie. Ten rocks were collected from quadrats at six sites along each of three transect lines oriented perpendicular to shore. Occurrence, abundance and biomass of Dreissena on smaller, movable rocks were positively associated with rock distance from shore (∼lake depth) and with rock area; rocks at nearshore sites supported little, if any, Dreissena, whereas those at offshore sites were heavily colonized. Mussel size distributions also differed in relation to shore distance. Large mussels (≥19 mm) were underrepresented or absent on rocks collected at nearshore sites, but were overrepresented at offshore locations (≥37 m). Settlement of larval mussels on settling pads was positively correlated with distance offshore and with time of exposure, though settlement was substantial even at a nearshore (10 m) location. Area-adjusted mussel dry mass increased more rapidly with distance offshore on large than on small rocks. Large rocks also required more force to displace and were significantly less likely to be disturbed when transplanted at the study site. Results from this study indicate that occurrence, abundance and size structure of Dreissena in nearshore waters of Lake Erie correspond with the frequency of habitat disturbance, though other factors including food limitation and larval supply may also contribute to these patterns. These patterns complement studies that established the significance of physical disturbance in other aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh J MacIsaac
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, N9B 3P4, Windsor, ON, Canada.,Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, N9B 3P4, Windsor, ON, Canada
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Clarke A. Marine benthic populations in Antarctica: Patterns and processes. FOUNDATIONS FOR ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH WEST OF THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/ar070p0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Downes BJ. Spatial and temporal variation in recruitment and its effects on regulation of parasite populations. Oecologia 1995; 102:501-510. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00341363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/1994] [Accepted: 01/23/1995] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Grosberg RK, Levitan DR. Reply from Grosberg and Levitan. Trends Ecol Evol 1992; 7:392-3. [DOI: 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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