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Naveed M, Chao OY, Hill JW, Yang YM, Huston JP, Cao R. Circadian neurogenetics and its implications in neurophysiology, behavior, and chronomedicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105523. [PMID: 38142983 PMCID: PMC10872425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm affects multiple physiological processes, and disruption of the circadian system can be involved in a range of disease-related pathways. The genetic underpinnings of the circadian rhythm have been well-studied in model organisms. Significant progress has been made in understanding how clock genes affect the physiological functions of the nervous system. In addition, circadian timing is becoming a key factor in improving drug efficacy and reducing drug toxicity. The circadian biology of the target cell determines how the organ responds to the drug at a specific time of day, thus regulating pharmacodynamics. The current review brings together recent advances that have begun to unravel the molecular mechanisms of how the circadian clock affects neurophysiological and behavioral processes associated with human brain diseases. We start with a brief description of how the ubiquitous circadian rhythms are regulated at the genetic, cellular, and neural circuit levels, based on knowledge derived from extensive research on model organisms. We then summarize the latest findings from genetic studies of human brain disorders, focusing on the role of human clock gene variants in these diseases. Lastly, we discuss the impact of common dietary factors and medications on human circadian rhythms and advocate for a broader application of the concept of chronomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Deibel SH, Higdon S, Cassell TTS, House-Denine ML, Giberson E, Webb IC, Thorpe CM. Impaired Morris water task retention following T21 light dark cycle exposure is not due to reduced hippocampal c-FOS expression. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1025388. [PMID: 36311860 PMCID: PMC9596763 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1025388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms influence virtually all aspects of physiology and behavior. This is problematic when circadian rhythms no longer reliably predict time. Circadian rhythm disruption can impair memory, yet we don’t know how this fully works at the systems and molecular level. When trying to determine the root of a memory impairment, assessing neuronal activation with c-FOS is useful. This has yet to be assessed in the hippocampi of circadian rhythm disrupted rats in a hippocampal gold standard task. Rats were trained on the Morris water task (MWT), then received 6 days of a 21-h day (T21), 13 days of a normal light dark cycle, probe trial, and tissue extraction an hour later. Despite having impaired memory in the probe trial, compared to controls there were no differences in c-FOS expression in hippocampal sub regions: CA1; CA3; Dentate gyrus. These data confirm others in hamsters demonstrating that arrhythmicity which produces an impairment in spontaneous alternation does not affect c-FOS in the dentate gyrus. The current study indicates that the memory impairment induced by a lighting manipulation is likely not due to attenuated neuronal activation. Determining how the master clock in the brain communicates with the hippocampus is needed to untangle the relationship between circadian rhythms and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H. Deibel
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Scott H. Deibel,
| | - S. Higdon
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - T. T. S. Cassell
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - M. L. House-Denine
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - E. Giberson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - I. C. Webb
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - C. M. Thorpe
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
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Deibel SH, Rota R, Steenland HW, Ali K, McNaughton BL, Tatsuno M, McDonald RJ. Assessment of Sleep, K-Complexes, and Sleep Spindles in a T21 Light-Dark Cycle. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:551843. [PMID: 33122986 PMCID: PMC7573124 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.551843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm misalignment has a deleterious impact on the brain and the body. In rats, exposure to a 21-hour day length impairs hippocampal dependent memory. Sleep, and particularly K-complexes and sleep spindles in the cortex, have been hypothesized to be involved in memory consolidation. Altered K-complexes, sleep spindles, or interaction between the cortex and hippocampus could be a mechanism for the memory consolidation failure but has yet to be assessed in any circadian misalignment paradigm. In the current study, continuous local field potential recordings from five rats were used to assess the changes in aspects of behavior and sleep, including wheel running activity, quiet wakefulness, motionless sleep, slow wave sleep, REM sleep, K-complexes and sleep spindles, in rats exposed to six consecutive days of a T21 light-dark cycle (L9:D12). Except for a temporal redistribution of sleep and activity during the T21, there were no changes in period, or total amount for any aspect of sleep or activity. These data suggest that the memory impairment elicited from 6 days of T21 exposure is likely not due to changes in sleep architecture. It remains possible that hippocampal plasticity is affected by experiencing light when subjective circadian phase is calling for dark. However, if there is a reduction in hippocampal plasticity, changes in sleep appear not to be driving this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Deibel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Ryan Rota
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Hendrik W Steenland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,NeuroTek Innovative Technology Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karim Ali
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Bruce L McNaughton
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Masami Tatsuno
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Robert J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Lewis LM, Deibel SH, Cleary J, Viguers KB, Jones KA, Skinner DM, Hallett D, Thorpe CM. Learning and memory in a rat model of social jetlag that also incorporates mealtime. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1716557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leanna M. Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
| | - Scott H. Deibel
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
| | - Jillian Cleary
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
| | - Kayla B. Viguers
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
| | - Karen A. Jones
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
| | - Darlene M. Skinner
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
| | - Darcy Hallett
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
| | - Christina M. Thorpe
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, USA
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Deibel SH, Hong NS, Moore K, Mysyk T, McDonald RJ. Hippocampal-dependent memory retention is unaffected by a T21 light–dark cycle in female Fischer brown Norway rats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1616454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott H. Deibel
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, SHD is currently at Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Nancy S. Hong
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Kevan Moore
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Tyler Mysyk
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Robert J. McDonald
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Clocking In Time to Gate Memory Processes: The Circadian Clock Is Part of the Ins and Outs of Memory. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:6238989. [PMID: 29849561 PMCID: PMC5925033 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6238989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning, memory consolidation, and retrieval are processes known to be modulated by the circadian (circa: about; dies: day) system. The circadian regulation of memory performance is evolutionarily conserved, independent of the type and complexity of the learning paradigm tested, and not specific to crepuscular, nocturnal, or diurnal organisms. In mammals, long-term memory (LTM) formation is tightly coupled to de novo gene expression of plasticity-related proteins and posttranslational modifications and relies on intact cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/protein kinase C (PKC)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling. These memory-essential signaling components cycle rhythmically in the hippocampus across the day and night and are clearly molded by an intricate interplay between the circadian system and memory. Important components of the circadian timing mechanism and its plasticity are members of the Period clock gene family (Per1, Per2). Interestingly, Per1 is rhythmically expressed in mouse hippocampus. Observations suggest important and largely unexplored roles of the clock gene protein PER1 in synaptic plasticity and in the daytime-dependent modulation of learning and memory. Here, we review the latest findings on the role of the clock gene Period 1 (Per1) as a candidate molecular and mechanistic blueprint for gating the daytime dependency of memory processing.
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Deibel SH, Zelinski EL, Keeley RJ, Kovalchuk O, McDonald RJ. Epigenetic alterations in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and hippocampus contribute to age-related cognitive decline. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23181-203. [PMID: 26252151 PMCID: PMC4695111 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/1969] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm dysfunction and cognitive decline, specifically memory loss, frequently accompany natural aging. Circadian rhythms and memory are intertwined, as circadian rhythms influence memory formation and recall in young and old rodents. Although, the precise relationship between circadian rhythms and memory is still largely unknown, it is hypothesized that circadian rhythm disruption, which occurs during aging, contributes to age-associated cognitive decline, specifically memory loss. While there are a variety of mechanisms that could mediate this effect, changes in the epigenome that occur during aging has been proposed as a potential candidate. Interestingly, epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and sirtuin1 (SIRT1) are necessary for both circadian rhythms and memory. During aging, similar alterations of epigenetic mechanisms occur in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and hippocampus, which are necessary for circadian rhythm generation and memory, respectively. Recently, circadian rhythms have been linked to epigenetic function in the hippocampus, as some of these epigenetic mechanisms oscillate in the hippocampus and are disrupted by clock gene deletion. The current paper will review how circadian rhythms and memory change with age, and will suggest how epigenetic changes in these processes might contribute to age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Deibel
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Erin L Zelinski
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Robin J Keeley
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Robert J McDonald
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Ruby NF, Patton DF, Bane S, Looi D, Heller HC. Reentrainment Impairs Spatial Working Memory until Both Activity Onset and Offset Reentrain. J Biol Rhythms 2015. [PMID: 26224657 DOI: 10.1177/0748730415596254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Compression of the active phase (α) during reentrainment to phase-shifted light-dark (LD) cycles is a common feature of circadian systems, but its functional consequences have not been investigated. This study tested whether α compression in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) impaired their spatial working memory as assessed by spontaneous alternation (SA) behavior in a T-maze. Animals were exposed to a 1- or 3-h phase delay of the LD cycle (16 h light/8 h dark). SA behavior was tested at 4 multiday intervals after the phase shift, and α was quantified for those days. All animals failed at the SA task while α was decompressing but recovered spatial memory ability once α returned to baseline levels. A second experiment exposed hamsters to a 2-h light pulse either early or late at night to compress α without phase-shifting the LD cycle. SA behavior was impaired until α decompressed to baseline levels. In a third experiment, α was compressed by changing photoperiod (LD 16:8, 18:6, 20:4) to see if absolute differences in α were related to spatial memory ability. Animals performed the SA task successfully in all 3 photoperiods. These data show that the dynamic process of α compression and decompression impairs spatial working memory and suggests that α modulation is a potential biomarker for assessing the impact of transmeridian flight or shift work on memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman F Ruby
- Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Danica F Patton
- Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Shalmali Bane
- Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - David Looi
- Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - H Craig Heller
- Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Smarr BL, Jennings KJ, Driscoll JR, Kriegsfeld LJ. A time to remember: the role of circadian clocks in learning and memory. Behav Neurosci 2014; 128:283-303. [PMID: 24708297 PMCID: PMC4385793 DOI: 10.1037/a0035963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system has pronounced influence on learning and memory, manifesting as marked changes in memory acquisition and recall across the day. From a mechanistic perspective, the majority of studies have investigated mammalian hippocampal-dependent learning and memory, as this system is highly tractable. The hippocampus plays a major role in learning and memory, and has the potential to integrate circadian information in many ways, including information from local, independent oscillators, and through circadian modulation of neurogenesis, synaptic remodeling, intracellular cascades, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. These local processes are combined with input from other oscillatory systems to synergistically augment hippocampal rhythmic function. This overview presents an account of the current state of knowledge on circadian interactions with learning and memory circuitry and provides a framework for those interested in further exploring these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Smarr
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
| | | | - Joseph R. Driscoll
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
| | - Lance J. Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
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10
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Sorg BA, Stark G, Sergeeva A, Jansen HT. Photoperiodic suppression of drug reinstatement. Neuroscience 2010; 176:284-95. [PMID: 21185915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The rewarding influence of drugs of abuse varies with time of day and appears to involve interactions between the circadian and the mesocorticolimbic dopamine systems. The circadian system is also intimately involved in measuring daylength. Thus, the present study examined the impact of changing daylength (photoperiod) on cocaine-seeking behaviors. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained and tested on a 12L:12D light:dark schedule for cocaine-induced reinstatement of conditioned place preference (CPP) at three times of day (Zeitgeber time (ZT): 4, 12, and 20) to determine a preference score. Rats were then shifted to either shorter (6L:18D) or longer (18L:6D) photoperiods and then to constant conditions, re-tested for cocaine-induced reinstatement under each different condition, and then returned to their original photoperiod (12L:12D) and tested once more. Rats exhibited a circadian profile of preference score in constant darkness with a peak at 12 h after lights-off. At both ZT4 and ZT20, but not at ZT12, shorter photoperiods profoundly suppressed cocaine reinstatement, which did not recover even after switching back to 12L:12D. In contrast, longer photoperiods did not alter reinstatement. Separate studies showed that the suppression of cocaine reinstatement was not due to repeated testing. In an additional experiment, we examined the photoperiodic regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) proteins in drug-naive rats. These results revealed photoperiodic modulation of proteins in the prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum, but not in the nucleus accumbens or ventral tegmental area. Together, these findings add further support to the circadian genesis of cocaine-seeking behaviors and demonstrate that drug-induced reinstatement is modulated by photoperiod. Furthermore, the results suggest that photoperiod partly contributes to the seasonal expression of certain drug-related behaviors in humans living at different latitudes and thus our findings may have implications for novel targeting of circadian rhythms in the treatment of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Sorg
- Programs in Neuroscience and Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology (VCAPP), 205 Wegner Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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McLay RN, Pan W, Kastin AJ. Effects of peptides on animal and human behavior: a review of studies published in the first twenty years of the journal Peptides. Peptides 2001; 22:2181-255. [PMID: 11786208 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review catalogs effects of peptides on various aspects of animal and human behavior as published in the journal Peptides in its first twenty years. Topics covered include: activity levels, addiction behavior, ingestive behaviors, learning and memory-based behaviors, nociceptive behaviors, social and sexual behavior, and stereotyped and other behaviors. There are separate tables for these behaviors and a short introduction for each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N McLay
- Naval Medical Center San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
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Reijmers LG, Leus IE, Burbach JP, Spruijt BM, van Ree JM. Social memory in the rat: circadian variation and effect of circadian rhythm disruption. Physiol Behav 2001; 72:305-9. [PMID: 11274671 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythm can impair long-term passive avoidance memory of rats and mice. The present study investigated whether disruption of circadian rhythm can also impair social memory of male rats. Social memory was assessed using the social discrimination test, in which a short-term olfactory memory is formed by social interaction with a juvenile rat during a learning trial. After an intertrial interval, a retrieval trial is performed, in which social memory is expressed as a decreased attention paid to the same juvenile as compared to a new juvenile. First, the social memory at four different time points across the light-dark cycle was measured with an intertrial interval of 10 or 25 min. There was no significant circadian variation of social memory across the light-dark cycle. Subsequently, the effect of a -6 or 12-h phase shift on social memory was studied. These phase shifts were previously found to impair long-term passive avoidance memory. However, no effect of either phase shift was observed in the social discrimination test. It is concluded that the disruption of circadian rhythm had no effect on the social memory of rats. Differences between short-term social memory and long-term passive avoidance memory are discussed in relation to their apparent differential susceptibility to the effects of circadian rhythm disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Reijmers
- Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neurosciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
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Devan BD, Goad EH, Petri HL, Antoniadis EA, Hong NS, Ko CH, Leblanc L, Lebovic SS, Lo Q, Ralph MR, McDonald RJ. Circadian phase-shifted rats show normal acquisition but impaired long-term retention of place information in the water task. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2001; 75:51-62. [PMID: 11124046 DOI: 10.1006/nlme.1999.3957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is thought that circadian rhythms may influence learning and memory processes. However, research supporting this view does not dissociate a mnemonic impairment from other performance deficits. Furthermore, published reports do not specify the type of memory system influenced by the circadian system. The present study assessed the effects of phase shifting on acquisition and expression of place navigation in the water maze, a task sensitive to hippocampal dysfunction. The results showed that phase-shifting circadian rhythms in rats impaired the expression of place information on a retention test but not initial acquisition or encoding of place information. These results suggest that disruption of circadian rhythms may impair consolidation of previously encoded hippocampal place information.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Devan
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444, USA
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Popik P, van Ree JM. Neurohypophyseal peptides and social recognition in rats. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1999; 119:415-36. [PMID: 10074804 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An encounter between rats results in bouts of social investigation consisting mainly of sniffing, nosing, following and grooming. The assessment of social recognition is based on the tendency of rodents to investigate unfamiliar conspecifics more intensely, than familiar ones. In the laboratory an immature conspecific is normally used as the social stimulus because the use of juveniles eliminates possible sexual and/or aggressive behaviors of the rat whose memory is assessed. When a juvenile is presented for the first time, it is intensely investigated. A second presentation shortly after the first one elicits less attention. This is not due to satiation or fatigue, since the presentation of a novel juvenile triggers the full sequence of investigation. Social recognition is defined as a specific decrease in social investigation during the second encounter of the same individual. This form of memory is short lasting (< 40 min) and based on the olfactory characteristics of the stimulus animal. Social memory is prolonged by repeated exposure to the stimulus juvenile rat and is impaired by retroactively interfering stimuli. It can be facilitated by vasopressin and derivatives as well as by several other memory facilitating compounds, and, depending on the dose, attenuated or facilitated by oxytocin and derivatives. Ethologically oriented memory tests, that are based on olfactory characteristics of the information to-be-remembered, have an advantage over 'classical' ones: they estimate behavioral patterns which are important to an animal and not only to the investigator. Social memory paradigms can reveal information about memory processes in animals that is relevant for memory deficits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Popik
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
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van Rijzingen IM, Gispen WH, Spruijt BM. The ACTH(4-9) analog ORG 2766 and recovery after brain damage in animal models--a review. Behav Brain Res 1996; 74:1-15. [PMID: 8851911 DOI: 10.1016/0166-4328(95)00039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), as well as with ACTH fragments and analogues, can influence behaviour of animals and humans. Furthermore it facilitates recovery of damaged peripheral nervous tissue. The question whether ACTH/MSH peptides affect recovery processes after injury to the central nervous system as well is addressed in the present review. The effects of administration of the ACTH(4-9) analog ORG 2766 after brain lesions has been studied frequently. However, the interpretation of the available data is confused by the variability of the results. Several factors can be identified which influence the efficacy of the peptide: (i) not all behavioural tests are equally suitable to reveal a peptide effect on behavioural recovery; (ii) the affected brain area; (iii) whether cell bodies or terminals are affected; (iv) the post-operative housing conditions; and (v) the onset and duration of peptide administration. Two possible explanations of peptide efficacy on functional recovery are considered: first, the peptide may accelerate spontaneously occurring recovery processes and second, the peptide may induce compensatory mechanisms underlying functional recovery without recuperation of the damaged neurons. These compensatory mechanisms seem to rely mainly on enhanced non-selective attention by activation of limbic structures. It is as yet unknown to which receptor system ORG 2766 binds; the analog lacks affinity for the known melanocortin (MC) receptors in brain, yet ORG 2766 is able to modulate the activity of endogenous opioids and the NMDA-receptor. A modulating influence of the peptide on NMDA-receptor activity might indirectly account for both enhanced attention--with ensuing behavioural recovery--and the acceleration of spontaneous recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M van Rijzingen
- Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neurosciences, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, Netherlands
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Ahmed B, Kastin AJ, Banks WA, Zadina JE. CNS effects of peptides: a cross-listing of peptides and their central actions published in the journal Peptides, 1986-1993. Peptides 1994; 15:1105-55. [PMID: 7991456 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(94)90078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The centrally mediated effects of peptides as published in the journal Peptides from 1986 to 1993 are tabulated in two ways. In one table, the peptides are listed alphabetically. In another table, the effects are arranged alphabetically. Most of the effects observed after administration of peptides are grouped, wherever possible, into categories such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal. The species used in most cases has been rats; where other animals were used, the species is noted. The route of administration of peptides and source of information also are included in the tables, with a complete listing provided at the end. Many peptides have been shown to exert a large number of centrally mediated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ahmed
- VA Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70146
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McDaniel WF. The influences of fragments and analogs of ACTH/MSH upon recovery from nervous system injury. Behav Brain Res 1993; 56:11-22. [PMID: 8397852 DOI: 10.1016/0166-4328(93)90018-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Post-injury treatment with some fragments and analogs of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) can influence recovery after nervous system injury. This review considers both the successful and unsuccessful attempts to facilitate neural and behavioral recovery from nervous system damage via post-injury administration of these compounds. To date no single unifying explanation for the mixed results observed in animals prepared with forebrain injuries has been achieved. Several possible explanations for the variety of observations reported and several potentially productive avenues for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F McDaniel
- Department of Psychology, Georgia College, Milledgeville 31061
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Steiger A, Guldner J, Knisatschek H, Rothe B, Lauer C, Holsboer F. Effects of an ACTH/MSH(4-9) analog (HOE 427) on the sleep EEG and nocturnal hormonal secretion in humans. Peptides 1991; 12:1007-10. [PMID: 1666179 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(91)90051-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic ACTH/MSH(4-9) analog HOE 427 ("ebiratide"), which is behaviorally the most potent ACTH-derived peptide but which is devoid of endocrine activity, was administered intravenously in a pulsatile mode 4 times (120 micrograms each) at 2200, 2300, 2400 and 0100 to study its effect on the sleep EEG and on concomitant hormonal secretion of cortisol and growth hormone. In comparison to placebo, the peptide produced signs of general activation associated with specific deteriorating effects on the quality of sleep. Sleep onset latency and intermittent wakefulness were increased, slow wave sleep was reduced, but only during the first 3 hours of the sleep period. The nocturnal secretory patterns of cortisol and growth hormone were unaffected by HOE 427. These effects are different from those reported in similar studies in which corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) was applied in humans, and they suggest that peripherally administered neuropeptides have specific nonendocrine behavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Steiger
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, München, Germany
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Wiemer G, Gerhards HJ, Hock FJ, Usinger P, Von Rechenberg W, Geiger R. Neurochemical effects of the synthetic ACTH4-9-analog Hoe 427 (Ebiratide) in rat brain. Peptides 1988; 9:1081-7. [PMID: 2854245 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(88)90093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ACTH4-9-analog Hoe 427 systemically injected in a dose range from 0.01-10 micrograms/kg caused a fall in acetylcholine (ACh) content in different brain areas of the rat. This effect occurred 0.5 hour after a single administration and lasted up to 24 hours. The decrease in ACh content induced by Hoe 427 was more pronounced when the animals were pretreated with dexamethasone (over 7 days 1 mg/kg SC, daily). Coadministration of the choline uptake inhibitor hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) and Hoe 427 potentiated the decrease in ACh content induced by HC-3. In the same dose range Hoe 427 acutely evoked an increase of the activity of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase as well as an elevation of brain cyclic GMP content. These data indicate that Hoe 427 enhances ACh metabolism in rat brain after systemic administration.
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Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate critical time periods for the memory modulating effect of vasopressin and several analogues in rats using a passive avoidance test as the behavioral paradigm. AVP, AVP-(4-8) and AVP-(5-8) were more effective when given immediately after the learning trial (consolidation), while AVP-(1-8) (DGAVP) and AVP-(5-9) were more active when administered one hour prior to the retention test (retrieval). DDAVP and AVP-(4-9) were highly active both when given immediately after the learning trial or 1 hour before the retention test. The period between 12 and 18 hr after the learning trial appeared to be another sensitive period. Administration, in particular of DGAVP, and AVP-(5-9) at 12, 15, and 18 hr after the learning trial induced marked retention of the avoidance response at the 24 hr retention test. Injection at 6 and 21 hr after the learning trial was the least effective in facilitating passive avoidance latencies. The more stable analogue DDAVP facilitated avoidance latencies irrespective of the time of administration. Vasopressin and related peptides exert a long term effect on avoidance behavior. However, DGAVP and AVP-(5-9) facilitated passive avoidance behavior at the 24, 48, and 72 hr retention test if administered immediately after the learning trial. If injection was postponed till 15 hr after the learning trial, passive avoidance behavior was facilitated at the 24 hr retention test only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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