1
|
Harmar AJ, Fahrenkrug J, Gozes I, Laburthe M, May V, Pisegna JR, Vaudry D, Vaudry H, Waschek JA, Said SI. Pharmacology and functions of receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide: IUPHAR review 1. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:4-17. [PMID: 22289055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are members of a superfamily of structurally related peptide hormones that includes glucagon, glucagon-like peptides, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). VIP and PACAP exert their actions through three GPCRs - PAC(1) , VPAC(1) and VPAC(2) - belonging to class B (also referred to as class II, or secretin receptor-like GPCRs). This family comprises receptors for all peptides structurally related to VIP and PACAP, and also receptors for parathyroid hormone, corticotropin-releasing factor, calcitonin and related peptides. PAC(1) receptors are selective for PACAP, whereas VPAC(1) and VPAC(2) respond to both VIP and PACAP with high affinity. VIP and PACAP play diverse and important roles in the CNS, with functions in the control of circadian rhythms, learning and memory, anxiety and responses to stress and brain injury. Recent genetic studies also implicate the VPAC(2) receptor in susceptibility to schizophrenia and the PAC(1) receptor in post-traumatic stress disorder. In the periphery, VIP and PACAP play important roles in the control of immunity and inflammation, the control of pancreatic insulin secretion, the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla and as co-transmitters in autonomic and sensory neurons. This article, written by members of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification (NC-IUPHAR) subcommittee on receptors for VIP and PACAP, confirms the existing nomenclature for these receptors and reviews our current understanding of their structure, pharmacology and functions and their likely physiological roles in health and disease. More detailed information has been incorporated into newly revised pages in the IUPHAR database (http://www.iuphar-db.org/DATABASE/FamilyMenuForward?familyId=67).
Collapse
|
2
|
Busto R, Prieto JC, Bodega G, Zapatero J, Fogué L, Carrero I. VIP and PACAP receptors coupled to adenylyl cyclase in human lung cancer: a study in biopsy specimens. Peptides 2003; 24:429-36. [PMID: 12732341 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(03)00058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are important neuropeptides in the control of lung physiology. Both of these commonly bind to specific G protein coupled receptors named VPAC(1)-R and VPAC(2)-R, and PAC(1)-R (with higher affinity for PACAP). VIP and PACAP have been implicated in the control of cell proliferation and tumor growth. This study examined the presence of VIP and PACAP receptors in human lung cancer samples, as well as the functionality of adenylyl cyclase (AC) stimulated by both peptides. Results from RT-PCR and immunoblot experiments showed the expression of VPAC(1)-, VPAC(2)- and PAC(1)-R in lung cancer samples. Immunohistochemical studies showed the expression of VPAC(1) and VPAC(2) receptors. These receptors were positively coupled to AC, but the enzyme activity was impaired as compared to normal lung. There were no changes in Galpha(s) or Galpha(i) levels. Present results contribute to a better knowledge of VIP/PACAP actions in lung cancer and support the interest for the development of VIP/PACAP analogues with therapeutic roles.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Aged
- Biopsy
- Blotting, Western
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Busto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the proliferation of central nervous system (CNS) and cancer cells were investigated. VIP has important actions during CNS development. During neurogenesis, VIP stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of brain neurons. Addition of VIP to embryonic mouse spinal cord cultures increases neuronal survival and activity dependent neurotrophic factor (ADNF) secretion from astroglial cells. VIP is an integrative regulator of brain growth and development during neurogenesis and embryogenesis. Also, VIP causes increased proliferation of human breast and lung cancer cells in vitro. VIP binds with high affinity to cancer cells, elevates the cAMP and increases gene expression of c-fos, c-jun, c-myc and vascular endothelial cell growth factor. The effects of VIP on cancer cells are reversed by VIPhybrid, a synthetic VPAC(1) receptor antagonist. VIPhyb inhibits the basal growth of lung cancer cells in vitro and tumors in vivo and potentiates the ability of chemotherapeutic drugs to kill cancer cells. Due to the high density of VPAC(1) receptors in cancer cells, VIP has been radiolabeled with 123I, 18F and 99mTc to image tumors. It remains to be determined if radiolabeled VIP analogs will be useful agents for early detection of cancer in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moody
- NCI Office of the Director, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bldg 31, Rm 3A34, 31 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spicuzza L, Belvisi MG, Birrell MA, Barnes PJ, Hele DJ, Giembycz MA. Evidence that the anti-spasmogenic effect of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist, isoprenaline, on guinea-pig trachealis is not mediated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 133:1201-12. [PMID: 11498504 PMCID: PMC1621162 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The spasmolytic and anti-spasmogenic activity of beta-adrenoceptor agonists on airways smooth muscle is thought to involve activation of the cyclic AMP/cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) cascade. Here we have tested the hypothesis that PKA mediates the anti-spasmogenic activity of isoprenaline and other cyclic AMP-elevating agents in guinea-pig isolated trachea by utilizing a number of cell permeant cyclic AMP analogues that act as competitive 'antagonists' of PKA. 2. Anion-exchange chromatography of guinea-pig tracheae resolved two peaks of PKA activity that corresponded to the type I ( approximately 5%) and type II ( approximately 93%) isoenzymes. 3. Pre-treatment of tracheae with zardaverine (30 microM), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (1 microM) and the non-selective activator of PKA, Sp-8-CPT-cAMPS (10 microM), produced a non-parallel rightwards shift in the concentration-response curves that described acetylcholine (ACh)-induced tension generation. The type II-selective PKA inhibitor, Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS (300 microM), abolished this effect. 4. Pre-treatment of tracheae with Sp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS (30 microM) produced a non-parallel rightwards shift of the concentration-response curves that described ACh-induced tension generation. The selective cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor, Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS (300 microM), abolished this effect. 5. Pre-treatment of tracheae with isoprenaline (1 microM) produced a 10 fold shift to the right of the ACh concentration-response curve by a mechanism that was unaffected by Rp-8-Br-cAMPS (300 microM, selective inhibitor of type I PKA), Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS (300 microM) and Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS (300 microM). 6. We conclude that the anti-spasmogenic activity of Sp-8-CPT-cAMPS, zardaverine and VIP in guinea-pig trachea is attributable to activation of the cyclic AMP/PKA cascade whereas isoprenaline suppresses ACh-induced contractions by a mechanism(s) that is independent of PKA and PKG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Spicuzza
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imperial College School of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY
| | - Mark A Birrell
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imperial College School of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY
| | - David J Hele
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imperial College School of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY
| | - Mark A Giembycz
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moody TW, Leyton J, Chan D, Brenneman DC, Fridkin M, Gelber E, Levy A, Gozes I. VIP receptor antagonists and chemotherapeutic drugs inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2001; 68:55-64. [PMID: 11678309 DOI: 10.1023/a:1017994722130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) antagonists on breast cancer cells were investigated. (N-stearyl, norleucine17)VIP hybrid ((SN)VIPhyb) inhibited specific 125I-VIP binding to MCF7, SKBR3, T47D ZR75-1 and MDA-MB231 cells with high affinity (IC50 values of 0.03-0.06 microM). (SN)VIPhyb, 1 microM, inhibited the ability of 10 nM VIP to cause elevation of cAMP and to increase c-fos mRNA. Micromolar concentrations of (SN)VIPhyb inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB231 or MCF7 cells using a MTT and clonogenic assay. Using a MTT assay, (SN)VIPhyb enhanced the ability of taxol and doxorubicin to inhibit breast cancer growth. Using nude mice bearing MDA-MB231 xenografts, VIPhyb potentiated the ability of taxol to inhibit proliferation. The results indicate that VIP receptor antagonists increase the ability of chemotherapeutic drugs to kill breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Moody
- Cell and Cancer Biology Department, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
VIP/PACAP are autocrine growth factors for lung cancer. VIP and/or PACAP mRNA is present in most lung cancer cell lines examined. Although mRNA for VPAC2-R is not common, VPAC1-R and PAC1-R mRNA is present in many lung cancer cell lines. 125I-VIP binds with high affinity to lung cancer cells and specific 125I-VIP binding is inhibited with high affinity by (Lys15, Arg16, Leu27)VIP1-7 GRF8-27, the VPAC1-R specific agonist, but not by Ro25-1553(18), the VPAC2-R specific agonist. VIP elevates cAMP and increases c-fos gene expression. The increase in cAMP and c-fos mRNA caused by VIP is inhibited by SN(VH). (SH)VH inhibited the proliferation of NCIH1299 cells in the MTT assay, which is based on cytotoxicity. In a recent cell line screen, (SN)VH inhibited the growth of 51 of 56 cancer cell lines including leukemia, lung cancer, colon cancer, CNS cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer (T. Moody, unpublished). It remains to be determined if (SN)VH will be useful for treatment of a wide variety of cancers.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- Oncogenes
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/genetics
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Moody
- National Cancer Institute, Medicine Branch, Cell and Cancer Biology Department, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moody TW, Leyton J, Zia F, Tuthill C, Badamchian M, Goldstein AL. Thymosinalpha1 is chemopreventive for lung adenoma formation in A/J mice. Cancer Lett 2000; 155:121-7. [PMID: 10822126 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of thymosin (THN) alpha1 were investigated using the urethane injection carcinogenesis A/J mouse model. Lung adenomas were observed 2.5, 3, and 4 months after urethane injection (400 mg/kg i.p.) into female A/J mice. Daily administration of THNalpha1 (0.4 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced lung adenoma multiplicity significantly, by approximately 45, 40, and 17%, respectively, 2.5, 3, and 4 months after urethane injection. Animals treated with THNalpha1 had a significantly greater white cell density than control A/J mice. Endogenous THNalpha1-like peptides were detected in the mouse lung. By radioimmunoassay and by Western blot, prothymosin alpha was detected in the mouse lung. By immunocytochemistry, THNalpha1-like peptides were detected in all lung compartments including the bronchus, adenoma, bronchioles, and alveoli. These results indicate that exogenous THNalpha1 prevents lung carcinogenesis in A/J mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Moody
- Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, MD 20850, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Busto R, Carrero I, Guijarro LG, Solano RM, Zapatero J, Noguerales F, Prieto JC. Expression, pharmacological, and functional evidence for PACAP/VIP receptors in human lung. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 277:L42-8. [PMID: 10409229 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1999.277.1.l42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) type 1 (PAC(1)) and common PACAP/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) type 1 and 2 (VPAC(1) and VPAC(2), respectively) receptors were detected in the human lung by RT-PCR. The proteins were identified by immunoblotting at 72, 67, and 68 kDa, respectively. One class of PACAP receptors was defined from (125)I-labeled PACAP-27 binding experiments (dissociation constant = 5.2 nM; maximum binding capacity = 5.2 pmol/mg protein) with a specificity: PACAP-27 approximately VIP > helodermin approximately peptide histidine-methionine (PHM) >> secretin. Two classes of VIP receptors were established with (125)I-VIP (dissociation constants of 5.4 and 197 nM) with a specificity: VIP approximately helodermin approximately PACAP-27 >> PHM >> secretin. PACAP-27 and VIP were equipotent on adenylyl cyclase stimulation (EC(50) = 1.6 nM), whereas other peptides showed lower potency (helodermin > PHM >> secretin). PACAP/VIP antagonists supported that PACAP-27 acts in the human lung through either specific receptors or common PACAP/VIP receptors. The present results are the first demonstration of the presence of PAC(1) receptors and extend our knowledge of common PACAP/VIP receptors in the human lung.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Adult
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Lung/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Neuropeptides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone/metabolism
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone/physiology
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/physiology
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Busto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marotti LA, Jayawickreme CK, Lerner MR. Functional characterization of a receptor for vasoactive-intestinal-peptide-related peptides in cultured dermal melanophores from Xenopus laevis. PIGMENT CELL RESEARCH 1999; 12:89-97. [PMID: 10231196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1999.tb00748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A receptor for vasoactive-intestinal-peptide (VIP)-related peptides was functionally characterized in a cell line derived from Xenopus melanophores using a recently described microtiter-plate-based bioassay. Activation of the melanophore VIP receptor by VIP or the peptides pituitary-adenylate-cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP 38), PACAP 27, and helodermin stimulated intracellular 3'-5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and pigment dispersion in the cells. Helodermin, with an EC50 (concentration of peptide inducing half-maximal melanosome dispersion) of 46.5 pM, was the most potent activator of pigment dispersion, followed by PACAP 38 > VIP > PACAP 27. A similar order of potencies was observed for the peptides to induce cAMP accumulation. The responses to VIP agonists were selectively inhibited by the VIP antagonists PACAP-(6-27) and (N-Ac-Tyr(1)-D-Phe2)-growth-hormone-releasing factor[GRF](1-29)-NH2. Taken together, the results suggest that the melanophores express a VIP receptor that shares certain characteristics of, but also differs significantly from, other previously identified VIP receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Marotti
- The Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maruno K, Absood A, Said SI. Vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibits human small-cell lung cancer proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:14373-8. [PMID: 9826707 PMCID: PMC24380 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.24.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is an aggressive, rapidly growing and metastasizing, and highly fatal neoplasm. We report that vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibits the proliferation of SCLC cells in culture and dramatically suppresses the growth of SCLC tumor-cell implants in athymic nude mice. In both cases, the inhibition was mediated apparently by a cAMP-dependent mechanism, because the inhibition was enhanced by the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine in proportion to increases in intracellular cAMP levels, and the inhibition was abolished by selective inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. If confirmed in clinical trials, this antiproliferative action of vasoactive intestinal peptide may offer a new and promising means of suppressing SCLC in human subjects, without the toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Maruno
- Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center Stony Brook, NY 11768-2290, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gourlet P, Vertongen P, Vandermeers A, Vandermeers-Piret MC, Rathe J, De Neef P, Waelbroeck M, Robberecht P. The long-acting vasoactive intestinal polypeptide agonist RO 25-1553 is highly selective of the VIP2 receptor subclass. Peptides 1997; 18:403-8. [PMID: 9145428 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(96)00322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
RO 25-1553 is a synthetic VIP analogue that induced a long-lasting relaxation of tracheal and bronchial smooth muscles as well as a reduction of edema and eosinophilic mobilization during pulmonary anaphylaxis. In the present study, we tested in vitro the capacity of RO 25-1553 to occupy the different VIP/PACAP receptor subclasses and to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity. The cellular models tested expressed one single receptor subtype: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the rat recombinant PACAP I, rat VIP1, and human VIP2 receptors; SUP T1 cells expressing the human VIP2 and HCT 15 and LoVo cells expressing the human VIP1 receptor. RO 25-1553 was threefold more potent than VIP on the human VIP2 receptor, 100- and 600-fold less potent than VIP on the rat and human VIP1 receptors, respectively, and 10-fold less potent than VIP and 3000-fold less potent than PACAP on the PACAP I receptor. RO 25-1553 was a full agonist on the VIP2, the PACAP I, and the rat recombinant VIP1 receptor but a partial agonist only on the human VIP1 receptor. Thus, RO 25-1553 is a highly selective agonist ligand for the VIP2 receptor subclass.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neuropeptides/chemical synthesis
- Neuropeptides/pharmacology
- Peptides, Cyclic/agonists
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
- Rats
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone/drug effects
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/chemistry
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/drug effects
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I
- Recombinant Proteins
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/agonists
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/analogs & derivatives
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Gourlet
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical School, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maruno K, Said SI. VIP inhibits the proliferation of small-cell and nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1996; 805:389-92; discussion 392-3. [PMID: 8993419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Maruno
- Northport VA Medical Center, New York, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vertongen P, Camby I, Darro F, Kiss R, Robberecht P. VIP and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) have an antiproliferative effect on the T98G human glioblastoma cell line through interaction with VIP2 receptor. Neuropeptides 1996; 30:491-6. [PMID: 8923513 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4179(96)90015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional VIP/PACAP receptors were identified in the human glioblastoma cell line T98G, based on the relative potency of VIP, PACAP and PACAP-38 to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity. Analysis of the T98G cells mRNA by reverse transcription followed by a polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated the expression of the mRNA coding for the VIP2 receptor subclass only. VIP, PACAP-27 and PACAP-38 were potent and efficIent inhibitors of cell proliferation, assessed by the colorimetric MTT assay. VIP, PACAP-27 and PACAP-38 also reduced the incorporation of 3H-thymidine in T98G cells, but did not significantly alter the percentage of cells present at each stage of the cell cycle. Thus, VIP and PACAP, probably acting through a VIP2 receptor subtype, decreased cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Vertongen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique et de la Nutrition, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shima K, Sakakibara H, Said SI. Characterization of VIP-and helodermin-preferring receptors on rat platelets. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1996; 63:99-103. [PMID: 8837217 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(96)00026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the binding of radio-iodinated vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) to rat platelets. The binding was time- and temperature-dependent and was reversible, saturable and specific. Scatchard analysis of binding data suggested the presence of a single class of binding sites, with Kd = 2.49 +/- 0.76 nM and Bmax = 112.1 +/- 54.6 fmol/10(8) cells. Several VIP-related peptides inhibited 125I-VIP binding to rat platelets with the following order of potency: helodermin > or = VIP > peptide histidine isoleucine. Glucagon, secretin, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) were ineffective. VIP and the other peptides increased cyclic AMP production with the same order of potency as the inhibition of binding, but the stimulation by VIP was less marked than that by prostacyclin (PGI2). We conclude that rat platelets have functional, adenylate cyclase-linked, receptors that bind preferentially to helodermin and VIP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Shima
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Draoui M, Hida T, Jakowlew S, Birrer M, Zia F, Moody TW. PACAP stimulates c-fos mRNAs in small cell lung cancer cells. Life Sci 1996; 59:307-13. [PMID: 8761002 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(96)00299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of PACAP on c-fos mRNA using small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell was investigated. PACAP-27 (100 nM) increased c-fos mRNA 5-fold using NCI-N417 cells. The increase was concentration dependent with 0.1 nM PACAP-27 half maximally increasing c-fos mRNA. Also the increase in c-fos mRNA caused by PACAP was time dependent; being maximal after 1 hour and returning to basal values after 4 hours. PACAP-38 but not PACAP(28-38) increased c-fos mRNA. One uM PACAP(6-38), a PACAP receptor antagonist, inhibited the increase in c-fos mRNA caused by 1 nM PACAP. These data indicate that PACAP stimulates nuclear oncogene expression in SCLC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Draoui
- Dept. Microbiology, George Washington Univ. Med., Ctr., Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- J P Raufman
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York-Health Science Center at Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Numerous growth factors and receptors that alter proliferation have been identified in lung cancer. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, high levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) mRNA have been detected by Northern analysis, and immunoreactive VIP is present. VIP elevates intracellular cAMP and stimulates the clonal growth of NSCLC cells. Also, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) mRNA is present in NSCLC cells and TGF-alpha is present in conditioned media exposed to NSCLC cells. TGF-alpha binds with high affinity to epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors present on NSCLC cells. EGF stimulates tyrosine kinase activity and growth in NSCLC cells. Synthetic peptide antagonists and monoclonal antibodies have been identified that disrupt autocrine growth pathways and inhibit NSCLC growth. These data suggest that VIP and TGF-alpha are important autocrine growth factors for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Moody
- National Cancer Institute, Biomarkers and Prevention Research Branch, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Robberecht P, Gourlet P, Vertongen P, Svoboda M. Characterization of the VIP receptor from SUP T1 lymphoblasts. ADVANCES IN NEUROIMMUNOLOGY 1996; 6:49-57. [PMID: 8790781 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-5428(96)00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The SUP T1 lymphoblasts express an original subtype of VIP receptors characterized by a high affinity for the VIP analogue from lizard venom named helodermin, a preference for the neuropeptide PACAP-38 over PACAP-27 and VIP, and an extremely low affinity for secretin. The molecular cloning of that receptor revealed its identity with the VIP2 receptor subtype first cloned in rat and mouse tissues. The access to selective probes permits the detection of the mRNA coding for the VIP2 receptor by Northern blot, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. These highly selective and sensitive techniques identify the cell types that are equipped to synthesize the receptor but do not prove that the receptor is indeed efficiently expressed at the cell surface. VIP2 mRNA was detected in selected areas of the brain different from that expressing the classical VIP1 receptor, in pituitary, in pineal, in pancreatic islets, in testes and ovary. It was also detected in the stomach, in the thymus and in spleen and in T lymphoblastic cell lines. A systematic screening of the immunocompetent cells must still be performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Robberecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical School, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Waschek JA, Richards ML, Bravo DT. Differential expression of VIP/PACAP receptor genes in breast, intestinal, and pancreatic cell lines. Cancer Lett 1995; 92:143-9. [PMID: 7600524 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(95)03768-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) are structurally-related neuropeptides that function as trophic factors in addition to their more classical roles as neurotransmitters. Binding and molecular cloning studies have shown that their actions are mediated by receptors encoded by at least three different genes. VIP binding has been demonstrated on many tumor types, and radiolabeled VIP has recently been used as a novel method to localize intestinal tumors in humans and their sites of metastasis. To determine the receptor subtype and level of gene expression, we screened breast, intestinal, and pancreatic, cell lines by Northern blot analysis. Breast lines expressed VIP/PACAP1 receptor mRNA levels comparable to intestinal lines, in agreement with the studies showing particularly high VIP binding in these tumors and their derived cell lines. Pancreatic cell lines expressed mRNA for several receptor types. This extends the potential utility of VIP and PACAP in the localization of tumors, and because VIP and PACAP may regulate the growth rate of some tumors by autocrine or other mechanisms, the identification of receptor subtypes on these lines sets the stage for studies in which the activity of these individual receptors in growth and other processes can be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Waschek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Los Angeles 90024-1759, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hassan M, Refai E, Andersson M, Schnell PO, Jacobsson H. In vivo dynamical distribution of 131I-VIP in the rat studied by gamma-camera. Nucl Med Biol 1994; 21:865-72. [PMID: 9234336 DOI: 10.1016/0969-8051(94)90166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was studied for the first time using a rat model in combination with labeled VIP (131I-VIP) and a gamma-camera. A dynamic scan showed that 131I-VIP was cleared rapidly from the blood circulation. The radioactivity was taken up and accumulated in the lungs during the first minute. During the next 15 min, the radioactivity was slowly removed from the lungs and redistributed into the kidneys, gastric mucosa, liver and small intestine. However, the radioactivity extracted by the lungs was about 6-fold lower during the first minute when a large amount of the non iodinated VIP was coinjected with the 131I-VIP. 131I-VIP was eliminated rapidly from the blood with a half-life of 0.44 +/- 0.05 (min +/- SD) while in lung the elimination half-life was determined to 2.3 +/- 0.8 (min +/- SD). Of the radioactivity in the lungs, 2% was found to be intact 131I-VIP after 20 min. In all other organs the radioactivity found was assumed to be low molecular weight fragments of 131I-VIP. We suggest that lungs play an important role to extract VIP from the circulation after an i.v. administration. 131I-VIP degradation products are redistributed mostly to the kidneys and to the gastric mucosa to be excreted through urine and stomach contents, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hassan
- Karolinska Pharmacy, Research Department, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gagnon AW, Aiyar N, Elshourbagy NA. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a human liver vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor. Cell Signal 1994; 6:321-33. [PMID: 7917790 DOI: 10.1016/0898-6568(94)90037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated a cDNA from a human liver library which is 2349 base pairs in length and encodes a near-full length seven transmembrane receptor (432 amino acids), 85% homologous to the amino acid sequence for the rat vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor. Northern blot analysis identifies a major species at 3.3 kb in lung, and to a lesser extent in brain, heart and liver. In order to confirm the identity of this human clone, double-stranded oligonucleotides encoding the signal peptide of the rat VIP receptor were constructed by polymerase chain reaction and attached to the 5' end of the human clone. COS cells transiently transfected with this human VIP receptor chimera, express a single binding site for 125I-VIP with a Kd of 9.2 +/- 2 nM. Related peptides displace 125I-VIP with a relative potency of VIP = PACAP > helodermin >> PHM > secretin, which is similar to the binding profile seen in human tissues. This human chimeric receptor is functionally coupled to the stimulation of adenylyl cyclase in transfected COS cells, as evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in intracellular cAMP accumulation. These studies indicate that this cDNA encodes a human liver VIP receptor which is functionally coupled to the activation of adenylyl cyclase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A W Gagnon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lutz EM, Sheward WJ, West KM, Morrow JA, Fink G, Harmar AJ. The VIP2 receptor: molecular characterisation of a cDNA encoding a novel receptor for vasoactive intestinal peptide. FEBS Lett 1993; 334:3-8. [PMID: 8224221 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)81668-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have cloned and sequenced a cDNA (RPR4) encoding a new member of the secretin/calcitonin/parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor family. RPR4 was identified by PCR of rat pituitary cDNA, and a full-length clone was isolated from a rat olfactory bulb cDNA library. When RPR4 was functionally expressed in COS 7 cells, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production was stimulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptides (PACAP-38 and PACAP-27) and helodermin, with equal potency. Peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and rat growth hormone releasing hormone (rGHRH) also stimulated cAMP production at lower potency. This suggests that RPR4 encodes a novel VIP receptor which we have designated the VIP2 receptor. In situ hybridisation showed that mRNA for this receptor was present mainly in the thalamus, hippocampus and in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Cell Line
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary
- In Situ Hybridization
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Lutz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fabre C, el Battari A, Bellan C, Pasqualini E, Marvaldi J, Lombardo D, Luis J. Characterization of the oligosaccharide moiety of VIP receptor from the human pancreatic cell line BxPC-3. Peptides 1993; 14:1331-8. [PMID: 8134315 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(93)90194-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The human pancreatic cell line BxPC-3 displays two classes of binding sites with high and low affinity for VIP. The order of potency of VIP-related peptides in inhibiting either [125I]VIP or [125I]N-AcPACAP27 binding and in stimulating cAMP production was typical of the human VIP receptor. By combining affinity labeling with glycosidase treatments, we have characterized the VIP receptor as a M(r) = 68,200 glycoprotein, consisting of a M(r) = 39,300 polypeptide core with at least three N-linked oligosaccharide chains. In addition, our results revealed the presence of a low amount of sialic acid residues in the carbohydrate moiety of receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Fabre
- Institut de Chimie Biologique, CNRS URA 202, Université de Provence, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Christophe J. Type I receptors for PACAP (a neuropeptide even more important than VIP?). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1154:183-99. [PMID: 8218337 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(93)90011-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Among vertebrates, there is an extreme conservation in amino acid sequence for the neuropeptide PACAP-38 and its C-terminal shortened derivative PACAP-27. The PACAP gene is assigned to chromosome 18 in man and its organization has been characterized. PACAP-38 and its minor derivative PACAP-27 are widely distributed in the central nervous system. PACAP-38 is particularly abundant in hypothalamus. The mapping of the afferentation and efferentation of PACAP systems are progressively delineated, including a search for the colocalization with other neurotransmitters. In several peripheral organs positive neuronal perikarya and fibers are also seen. PACAP acts through two types of receptors: (1) the highly selective type I that displays a 500 to 2000 selectivity for PACAP-38 and PACAP-27 as compared to VIP; (2) type II is the so-called VIP receptor showing similar high affinity for PACAP-38, PACAP-27 and VIP. It is less selective, therefore, than previously thought. This is why this second receptor, qualifying as an unspecific VIP-PACAP receptor, is hardly considered here. Type I receptors can stimulate two enzymes: the adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C (whose activation leads to the inositol phosphate-cytosolic Ca2+ cascade). This dual coupling may have several distal consequences including on gene expression, cell growth and differentiation. Although a relatively comprehensive spectrum of pharmacological activities has already been established we still need to limit the physiological roles of PACAP as neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator. Concerning the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, PACAP reduces food intake in mice and raises plasma arginine vasopressin in rat, probably through PACAP-ir neurons in paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei projecting to the neurohypophysis. PACAP originating in the hypothalamus may also be transported to the anterior pituitary through portal vessels. Data on the antehypophysis suggest a role on i.a. reproduction and growth. PACAP stimulates adenylate cyclase and increases [Ca2+] in gonadotropes, somatotropes, and folliculo-stellate cells. It elevates the secretion of alpha-MSH from melanotropes, and that of interleukin-6 from pituitary folliculo-stellate cells. PACAP potentiates the effects of LHRH on LH and FSH secretion. More clearly perhaps, PACAP increases the synthesis of LH, GH, PRL and ACTH after 1-2 days. In human pathology, PACAP-27 and PACAP-38 stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in membranes from 'null'-, gonadotropin-, GH-, and ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas but are inactive in prolactinomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Christophe
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical School, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Moody TW, Zia F, Draoui M, Brenneman DE, Fridkin M, Davidson A, Gozes I. A vasoactive intestinal peptide antagonist inhibits non-small cell lung cancer growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:4345-9. [PMID: 8389448 PMCID: PMC46507 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.10.4345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Here the effects of a VIP antagonist (VIP-hyb) on NSCLC growth were investigated. In vivo, when VIPhyb (10 micrograms, s.c.) was daily injected into nude mice, xenograft formation was significantly inhibited by approximately 80%. In vitro, VIP (100 nM) stimulated colony formation approximately 2-fold, whereas 1 microM VIPhyb inhibited colony formation by approximately 50% when adenocarcinoma cell line NCI-H838 was used. The attenuation of tumor proliferation is receptor mediated, as VIPhyb inhibited specific 125I-labeled VIP binding to cell lines NCI-H157 and NCI-H838 with an IC50 of 0.7 microM. VIP (10 nM) increased the cAMP levels 5-fold when cell line NCI-H838 was used, and 10 microM VIPhyb inhibited the increase in cAMP caused by VIP. Northern blot analysis and radioimmunoassays have shown VIP mRNA and VIP-like immunoreactivity in NSCLC cells. These data suggest that VIP may be a regulatory peptide in NSCLC and that VIPhyb is a VIP receptor antagonist that inhibits proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Moody
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20037
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bajo AM, Guijarro LG, Juarranz MG, Valenzuela P, Martinez P, Prieto JC. Stimulation of the adenylyl cyclase activity in human endometrial membranes by VIP and related peptides. Biosci Rep 1993; 13:69-77. [PMID: 8397008 DOI: 10.1007/bf01145959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been shown to stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity in human endometrial membranes. The effect was dependent on the time and temperature of incubation as well as on the concentration of endometrial membrane proteins in the medium. In the presence of 1 microM GTP, half-maximal stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity was observed at 25.0 +/- 7.0 nM VIP, whereas the maximal activity (at 1 microM VIP) corresponded to an increase of about 140% with respect to basal values (7.5 +/- 0.6 pmol cyclic AMP/min/mg of protein). However, the maximal stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity was obtained with helodermin (1 microM) that increased the activity by 170% over the basal. The relative potency of VIP-related peptides upon the adenylyl cyclase activity was: helodermin (ED50 = 1.8 +/- 1.4 nM) > VIP (ED50 = 25.0 +/- 7.0 nM) > PHI (ED50 = 725.0 +/- 127.2 nM). Secretin had a faint effect upon the adenylyl cyclase activity and glucagon was completely inefficient at this level. The presence of alpha s and alpha i subunits of G proteins in human endometrium was detected by immunoblot. Preliminary results showed the presence of two classes of 125I-VIP receptors in human endometrial membranes with the following stoichoimetric parameters: high affinity receptor (Kd = 2.0 nM, binding capacity 0.1 pmol VIP/mg protein) and low affinity receptor (Kd = 0.43 microM, binding capacity 13.1 pmol VIP/mg protein). The present results together with the known presence of VIP in human uterus and the actions of this neuropeptide in the adjacent myometrial tissue support the idea that VIP and related peptides may have a role in human endometrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Bajo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Structural and functional analysis of the human vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor glycosylation. Alteration of receptor function by wheat germ agglutinin. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
28
|
Maruno K, Said SI. Small-cell lung carcinoma: inhibition of proliferation by vasoactive intestinal peptide and helodermin and enhancement of inhibition by anti-bombesin antibody. Life Sci 1993; 52:PL267-71. [PMID: 8389407 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90640-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a common and highly fatal malignancy for which there is no satisfactory treatment. The amphibian peptide bombesin and its mammalian counterpart, gastrin-releasing peptide, serve as autocrine growth factors for the SCLC cells, but little is known about endogenous substances that inhibit the growth and proliferation of these tumor cells. We report that the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) markedly inhibits the growth and multiplication of SCLC cell lines NCI-H345 and NCI-H69, and that the closely related peptide helodermin inhibits the proliferation of NCI-H345 cells with even higher efficacy. In the latter cells, the inhibition by VIP and isobutyl methyl xanthine paralleled their ability to stimulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate production within the cells. The peptide-induced suppression of SCLC proliferation is enhanced in the presence of an anti-bombesin monoclonal antibody. The antimitogenic activities of VIP and helodermin, and their enhancement by anti-bombesin antibody, offer the potential for a new approach to the pharmacologic control of SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Maruno
- Northport VA Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Grundemar L, Håkanson R. Unlike VIP, the VIP-related peptides PACAP, helodermin and helospectin suppress electrically evoked contractions of rat vas deferens. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1992; 40:331-7. [PMID: 1438978 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(92)90520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have compared the effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and of the VIP-related peptides pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) 1-27 and 1-38, helodermin, helospectin I and helospectin II, on the electrically evoked twitches in the isolated vas deferens of the rat. While VIP was virtually without effect, PACAP 1-38 suppressed the electrically evoked twitches effectively and in a concentration-dependent manner (pIC50 value 7.5). The naturally occurring N-terminal fragment PACAP 1-27 was less effective than PACAP 1-38 (Imax values 37.2% suppression compared to 76.5%) and less potent. The C-terminal fragment PACAP 16-38 was virtually inactive. Also helodermin and helospectin I+II suppressed the electrically evoked twitches effectively and in a concentration-dependent manner (pIC50 values 6.9; 7.2; 6.8, respectively). The three peptides produced similar maximum reduction of the twitches (74-80%). The findings suggest that PACAP, helodermin and helospectin suppress the electrically evoked contractions in the rat vas deferens via receptors distinct from VIP receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Grundemar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Lund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gourlet P, De Neef P, Woussen-Colle MC, Vandermeers A, Vandermeers-Piret MC, Robberecht P, Christophe J. The activation of adenylate cyclase by pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) via helodermin-preferring VIP receptors in human SUP-T1 lymphoblastic membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1066:245-51. [PMID: 1649637 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(91)90193-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Competition binding curves, using [125I-acetyl-His1]PACAP-27 as radioligand and dose-effect curves of adenylate cyclase activation in human SUP-T1 lymphoblastic membranes showed that PACAP-27 and PACAP-38 stimulate the enzyme through a single class of helodermin-preferring VIP receptors with the following order of potency: helodermin = [acetyl-His1]PACAP-27 greater than PACAP-38 greater than PACAP-27 greater than VIP. PACAP (6-27) (Ki 0.5-0.8 microM) and [Des-His1, Asn3]PACAP-27 (Ki 1-2 microM) acted as competitive antagonists. Using a series of 13 PACAP-27 analogues and fragments and three VIP analogues, we identified positions 1, 2, 3, 9 and 13 in PACAP-27 as being of importance for high-affinity binding. Thus, we added further evidence for considering that the present helodermin-preferring VIP receptors, when compared to a majority of VIP receptors and PACAP receptors, exhibit an original specificity pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Gourlet
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical School, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- S I Said
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago College of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|