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Regulation of Intersubunit Interactions in Homotetramer of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases upon Its Immobilization in Protein-Kappa-Carrageenan Gels. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030676. [PMID: 36771978 PMCID: PMC9918977 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides, being biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, are highly attractive as materials for protein delivery systems. However, protein-polysaccharide interactions may lead to protein structural transformation. In the current study, we analyze the structural adjustment of a homotetrameric protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), upon its interactions with both flexible coil chain and the rigid helix of κ-carrageenan. FTIR spectroscopy was used to probe the secondary structures of both protein and polysaccharide. Electrostatically driven protein-polysaccharide interactions in dilute solutions resulted in an insoluble complex formation with a constant κ-carrageenan/GAPDH ratio of 0.2, which amounts to 75 disaccharide units per mole of protein tetramer. Upon interactions with both coiled and helical polysaccharides, a weakening of the intersubunit interactions was revealed and attributed to a partial GAPDH tetramer dissociation. In turn, protein distorted the helical conformation of κ-carrageenan when co-gelled. Molecular modeling showed the energy favorable interactions between κ-carrageenan and GAPDH at different levels of oligomerization. κ-Carrageenan binds in the region of the NAD-binding groove and the S-loop in OR contact, which may stabilize the OP dimers. The obtained results highlight the mutual conformational adjustment of oligomeric GAPDH and κ-carrageenan upon interaction and the stabilization of GAPDH's dissociated forms upon immobilization in polysaccharide gels.
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Lazarev VF, Tsolaki M, Mikhaylova ER, Benken KA, Shevtsov MA, Nikotina AD, Lechpammer M, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA, Moskalev AA, Kozin SA, Margulis BA, Guzhova IV, Nudler E. Extracellular GAPDH Promotes Alzheimer Disease Progression by Enhancing Amyloid-β Aggregation and Cytotoxicity. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1223-1237. [PMID: 34341704 PMCID: PMC8279520 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death at late stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes the release of cytosolic proteins. One of the most abundant such proteins, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), forms stable aggregates with extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ). We detect these aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD patients at levels directly proportional to the progressive stages of AD. We found that GAPDH forms a covalent bond with Q15 of Aβ that is mediated by transglutaminase (tTG). The Q15A substitution weakens the interaction between Aβ and GAPDH and reduces Aβ-GAPDH cytotoxicity. Lentivirus-driven GAPDH overexpression in two AD animal models increased the level of apoptosis of hippocampal cells, neural degeneration, and cognitive dysfunction. In contrast, in vivo knockdown of GAPDH reversed these pathogenic abnormalities suggesting a pivotal role of GAPDH in Aβ-stimulated neurodegeneration. CSF from animals with enhanced GAPDH expression demonstrates increased cytotoxicity in vitro. Furthermore, RX-624, a specific GAPDH small molecular ligand reduced accumulation of Aβ aggregates and reversed memory deficit in AD transgenic mice. These findings argue that extracellular GAPDH compromises Aβ clearance and accelerates neurodegeneration, and, thus, is a promising pharmacological target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir F Lazarev
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Petersburg, Russia.
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1 University Department of Neurology, AHEPA hospital Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Greek Alzheimer Association, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Elena R Mikhaylova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Petersburg, Russia.
| | | | - Maxim A Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Petersburg, Russia.
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alina D Nikotina
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Mirna Lechpammer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Vladimir A Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey A Moskalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of The Ural Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Kozin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Boris A Margulis
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Irina V Guzhova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Evgeny Nudler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Ahn YH, Oh SC, Zhou S, Kim TD. Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094523. [PMID: 33926067 PMCID: PMC8123658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WRS) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the ligation of tryptophan (Trp) to its cognate tRNAtrp during translation via aminoacylation. Interestingly, WRS also plays physiopathological roles in diseases including sepsis, cancer, and autoimmune and brain diseases and has potential as a pharmacological target and therapeutic. However, WRS is still generally regarded simply as an enzyme that produces Trp in polypeptides; therefore, studies of the pharmacological effects, therapeutic targets, and mechanisms of action of WRS are still at an emerging stage. This review summarizes the involvement of WRS in human diseases. We hope that this will encourage further investigation into WRS as a potential target for drug development in various pathological states including infection, tumorigenesis, and autoimmune and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ha Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Se-Chan Oh
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (T.-D.K.)
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (T.-D.K.)
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Abstract
The single gene, single protein, single function hypothesis is increasingly becoming obsolete. Numerous studies have demonstrated that individual proteins can moonlight, meaning they can have multiple functions based on their cellular or developmental context. In this review, we discuss moonlighting proteins, highlighting the biological pathways where this phenomenon may be particularly relevant. In addition, we combine genetic, cell biological, and evolutionary perspectives so that we can better understand how, when, and why moonlighting proteins may take on multiple roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA;
| | - Needhi Bhalla
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA;
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Tsai CW, Tsai CF, Lin KH, Chen WJ, Lin MS, Hsieh CC, Lin CC. An investigation of the correlation between the S-glutathionylated GAPDH levels in blood and Alzheimer's disease progression. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233289. [PMID: 32469899 PMCID: PMC7259681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by two aggregates, namely, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (tau-p), which are released into the blood in a very small amount and cannot be easily detected. An increasing number of recent studies have suggested that S-glutathionylated glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is highly correlated with Aβ in patients with AD and that S-glutathionylated GAPDH plays a role as a proapoptotic factor in AD. We found that S-glutathionylated GAPDH is abundant in the blood of AD patients, which is unusual because S-glutathionylated GAPDH cannot exist in the blood under normal conditions. The aim of this study was to further explore the correlation between the S-glutathionylated GAPDH levels in blood plasma and AD progression. As controls, we recruited 191 people without AD, which included 111 healthy individuals and 37 patients with depression and insomnia, in the psychosomatic clinic. Moreover, 47 patients with AD (aged 40–89 years) were recruited at the neurology clinic. The blood S-glutathionylated GAPDH levels in the AD patients were significantly (p < 0.001) higher (752.7 ± 301.7 ng/dL) than those in the controls (59.92 ± 122.4 ng/dL), irrespective of gender and age. For AD diagnosis, the criterion blood S-glutathionylated GAPDH level > 251.62 ng/dL exhibited 95.74% sensitivity and 92.67% specificity. In fact, the individuals aged 70–89 years, namely, 37 patients from the psychosomatic clinic and 42 healthy individuals, showed significant blood S-glutathionylated GAPDH levels (230.5 ± 79.3 and 8.05 ± 20.51 ng/dL, respectively). This finding might indicate neurodegenerative AD progression in psychosomatic patients and suggests that the degree of neuronal apoptosis during AD progression might be sensitively evaluated based on the level of S-glutathionylated GAPDH in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wei Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia Fan Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Hung Lin
- Department of Neurology, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Jung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan City, Taiwan
| | - Muh Shi Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan City, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health Business Administration, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chai Ching Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan City, Taiwan
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Physiological and Pathological Roles of 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 in the Central Nervous System and Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2227-2248. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ivanov AS, Medvedev AE. [Optical surface plasmon resonance biosensors in molecular fishing]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2015; 61:231-8. [PMID: 25978389 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An optical biosensor employing surface plasmon resonance is a highly efficient instrument applicable for direct real time registration of molecular interactions without additional use of any labels or coupled processes. As an independent approach it is especially effective in analysis of various ligand receptor interactions. SPR-biosensors are used for validation of studies on intermolecular interactions in complex biological systems (affinity profiling of various groups of proteins, etc.). Recently, potential application of the SPR-biosensor for molecular fishing (direct affinity binding of target molecules from complex biological mixtures on the optical biosensor surface followed by their elution for identification by LC-MS/MS) has been demonstrated. Using SPR-biosensors in such studies it is possible to solve the following tasks: (a) SPR-based selection of immobilization conditions required for the most effective affinity separation of a particular biological sample; (b) SPR-based molecular fishing for subsequent protein identification by mass spectrometry; (c) SPR-based validation of the interaction of identified proteins with immobilized ligand. This review considers practical application of the SPR technology in the context of recent studies performed in the Institute of Biomedical Chemistry on molecular fishing of real biological objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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8
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The effects of endogenous non-peptide molecule isatin and hydrogen peroxide on proteomic profiling of rat brain amyloid-β binding proteins: relevance to Alzheimer's disease? Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:476-95. [PMID: 25551598 PMCID: PMC4307257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-β peptide is considered as a key player in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although good evidence exists that amyloid-β accumulates inside cells, intracellular brain amyloid-binding proteins remain poorly characterized. Proteomic profiling of rat brain homogenates, performed in this study, resulted in identification of 89 individual intracellular amyloid-binding proteins, and approximately 25% of them were proteins that we had previously identified as specifically binding to isatin, an endogenous neuroprotector molecule. A significant proportion of the amyloid-binding proteins (more than 30%) are differentially expressed or altered/oxidatively modified in AD patients. Incubation of brain homogenates with 70 µM hydrogen peroxide significantly influenced the profile of amyloid-β binding proteins and 0.1 mM isatin decreased the number of identified amyloid-β binding proteins both in control and hydrogen peroxide treated brain homogenates. The effects of hydrogen peroxide and isatin have been confirmed in optical biosensor experiments with purified glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, one of the known crucial amyloid-β binding proteins (also identified in this study). Data obtained suggest that isatin protects crucial intracellular protein targets against amyloid binding, and possibly favors intracellular degradation of this protein via preventing formation of amyloid-β oligomers described in the literature for some isatin derivatives.
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9
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El Kadmiri N, Slassi I, El Moutawakil B, Nadifi S, Tadevosyan A, Hachem A, Soukri A. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and Alzheimer's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 62:333-6. [PMID: 25246025 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis and thus, serves to break down glucose for energy production. Beyond the traditional aerobic metabolism of glucose, recent studies have highlighted additional roles played by GAPDH in non-metabolic processes, such as control of gene expression and redox post-translational modifications. Neuroproteomics have revealed high affinity interactions between GAPDH and Alzheimer's disease-associated proteins, including the β-amyloid, β-amyloid precursor protein and tau. This neuronal protein interaction may lead to impairment of the GAPDH glycolytic function in Alzheimer's disease and may be a forerunner of its participation in apoptosis. The present review examines the crucial implication of GAPDH in neurodegenerative processes and clarifies its role in apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- N El Kadmiri
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco; Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - I Slassi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco; Department of Neurology CHU IBN ROCHD, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - B El Moutawakil
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco; Department of Neurology CHU IBN ROCHD, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - S Nadifi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A Tadevosyan
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - A Hachem
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - A Soukri
- Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
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10
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Abstract
GAPDH interacts with a plethora of diverse cellular proteins. The network of interacting partners, or interactome, is presented for GAPDH with the interacting molecules grouped into specific functional and structural categories. By organizing the binding partners in this way, certain common structural features are beginning to surface, such as acidic dipeptide sequences that are found in several of these binding proteins. Additionally, the consensus sequences for target polynucleotides are being brought to light. The categories, which are presented according to function, offer an opportunity for research into the corresponding structural correlates to these interactions. Recent discoveries of interacting proteins have revealed novel relationships that are generating emerging mechanisms. Proteins that are associated with age-related neurodegenerative diseases appear to be particularly prone to binding GAPDH, suggesting that GAPDH may be playing a role in these diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases that are discussed are the conformational diseases of aging, suggesting that GAPDH may be a global sensor for cellular conformational stress. In addition to GAPDH's oxidoreductase activity, several other enzymatic functions have been discovered, including peroxidase, nitrosylase, mono-ADP-ribosylase and kinase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert W Seidler
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Kansas City, MO, USA
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11
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Yamamoto Y, Takase K, Kishino J, Fujita M, Okamura N, Sakaeda T, Fujimoto M, Yagami T. Proteomic identification of protein targets for 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 in neuronal plasma membrane. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17552. [PMID: 21445266 PMCID: PMC3060826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) is one of factors contributed to the neurotoxicity of amyloid β (Aβ), a causative protein of Alzheimer's disease. Type 2 receptor for prostaglandin D(2) (DP2) and peroxysome-proliferator activated receptorγ (PPARγ) are identified as the membrane receptor and the nuclear receptor for 15d-PGJ(2), respectively. Previously, we reported that the cytotoxicity of 15d-PGJ(2) was independent of DP2 and PPARγ, and suggested that 15d-PGJ(2) induced apoptosis through the novel specific binding sites of 15d-PGJ(2) different from DP2 and PPARγ. To relate the cytotoxicity of 15d-PGJ(2) to amyloidoses, we performed binding assay [(3)H]15d-PGJ(2) and specified targets for 15d-PGJ(2) associated with cytotoxicity. In the various cell lines, there was a close correlation between the susceptibilities to 15d-PGJ(2) and fibrillar Aβ. Specific binding sites of [(3)H]15d-PGJ(2) were detected in rat cortical neurons and human bronchial smooth muscle cells. When the binding assay was performed in subcellular fractions of neurons, the specific binding sites of [(3)H]15d-PGJ(2) were detected in plasma membrane, nuclear and cytosol, but not in microsome. A proteomic approach was used to identify protein targets for 15d-PGJ(2) in the plasma membrane. By using biotinylated 15d-PGJ(2), eleven proteins were identified as biotin-positive spots and classified into three different functional proteins: glycolytic enzymes (Enolase2, pyruvate kinase M1 (PKM1) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)), molecular chaperones (heat shock protein 8 and T-complex protein 1 subunit α), cytoskeletal proteins (Actin β, F-actin-capping protein, Tubulin β and Internexin α). GAPDH, PKM1 and Tubulin β are Aβ-interacting proteins. Thus, the present study suggested that 15d-PGJ(2) plays an important role in amyloidoses not only in the central nervous system but also in the peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamamoto
- Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Japan
| | - Kenkichi Takase
- Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Japan
| | - Junji Kishino
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Megumi Fujita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Noboru Okamura
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaeda
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- Center for Integrative Education of Pharmacy Frontier, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Fujimoto
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Japan
| | - Tatsurou Yagami
- Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Japan
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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Butterfield DA, Hardas SS, Lange MLB. Oxidatively modified glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and Alzheimer's disease: many pathways to neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 20:369-93. [PMID: 20164570 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the oxidoreductase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), has become a subject of interest as more and more studies reveal a surfeit of diverse GAPDH functions, extending beyond traditional aerobic metabolism of glucose. As a result of multiple isoforms and cellular locales, GAPDH is able to come in contact with a variety of small molecules, proteins, membranes, etc., that play important roles in normal and pathologic cell function. Specifically, GAPDH has been shown to interact with neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins, including the amyloid-beta protein precursor (AbetaPP). Studies from our laboratory have shown significant inhibition of GAPDH dehydrogenase activity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain due to oxidative modification. Although oxidative stress and damage is a common phenomenon in the AD brain, it would seem that inhibition of glycolytic enzyme activity is merely one avenue in which AD pathology affects neuronal cell development and survival, as oxidative modification can also impart a toxic gain-of-function to many proteins, including GAPDH. In this review, we examine the many functions of GAPDH with respect to AD brain; in particular, the apparent role(s) of GAPDH in AD-related apoptotic cell death is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Center of Membrane Sciences, Lexington, KY40506-0055, USA.
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Cortez LM, Avila CL, Bugeau CMT, Farías RN, Morero RD, Chehín RN. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase tetramer dissociation and amyloid fibril formation induced by negatively charged membranes. FEBS Lett 2009; 584:625-30. [PMID: 20006611 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a multifunctional enzyme related with Huntington's, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. The ability of negatively charged membranes to induce a rapid formation of GAPDH amyloid fibrils has been demonstrated, but the mechanisms by which GAPDH reaches the fibrillar state remains unclear. In this report, we describe the structural changes undergone by GAPDH at physiological pH and temperature conditions right from its interaction with acidic membranes until the amyloid fibril is formed. According to our results, the GAPDH-membrane binding induces a beta-structuring process along with a loss of quaternary structure in the enzyme. In this way, experimental evidences on the initial steps of GAPDH amyloid fibrils formation pathway are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M Cortez
- Departamento Bioquímica de la Nutrición, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
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Abstract
Antibodies represent the end product of an exquisitely complex biological process including recombination, somatic hypermutation, affinity maturation, and self-tolerance, culminating in binding reagents directed against a vast repertoire of antigens. The resultant high affinity and diversity of specificity of these biomolecules has been exploited through the development of immunoassays and biotherapeutics that inaugurated a new era in experimental molecular biology and pharmaceutical drug development. Despite the utility of antibodies for research applications and in disease treatment, they must be employed in the context of an accurate understanding of their binding profile. High-content microarrays comprised of thousands of native, full length human proteins are an important tool in the assessment of antibody specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn R Mattoon
- Invitrogen Corporation, Protein Array Center, 688 East Main Street, Branford, CT 06405, USA
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15
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Naletova I, Schmalhausen E, Kharitonov A, Katrukha A, Saso L, Caprioli A, Muronetz V. Non-native glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase can be an intrinsic component of amyloid structures. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:2052-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Kusaka T, Ueno M, Miki T, Kanenishi K, Nagai Y, Huang CL, Okamoto Y, Ogawa T, Onodera M, Itoh S, Akiguchi I, Sakamoto H. Accumulation of triosephosphate isomerase, with sequence homology to Beta amyloid peptides, in vessel walls of the newborn piglet hippocampus. Microsc Res Tech 2007; 70:648-55. [PMID: 17393492 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether beta-amyloid (Abeta)-like immunoreactivity was seen in the brains of newborn piglets. The immunoreactivity for Abeta(1-42) and Abeta(1-40) proteins, but not Abeta precursor protein, was present in CD68-positive perivascular cells of the hippocampus and in parts of the meninges. It was colocalized with immunoreactivity for receptor for advanced glycation end product and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The protein with a molecular mass of 27 kDa, which was recognized by the Abeta antibodies, was identified as triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) with sequence homology to Abeta peptides by N-terminal amino acid sequencing, mass fingerprint analysis using matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, and Western blotting. Western blotting assay also revealed that detectable expression of Abeta proteins were not seen in the piglet brains. These findings indicate that TPI with sequence homology to Abeta peptides accumulates in perivascular cells of the microglia/macrophage lineage located around arterial vessels of the newborn piglet hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kusaka
- Maternal and Perinatal Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho 1750-1, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
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Shalova IN, Cechalova K, Rehakova Z, Dimitrova P, Ognibene E, Caprioli A, Schmalhausen EV, Muronetz VI, Saso L. Decrease of dehydrogenase activity of cerebral glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in different animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1770:826-32. [PMID: 17324518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2006] [Revised: 01/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a relationship between glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and the beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP) in relationship with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been suggested. Therefore, we studied the specific activity of GAPDH in the different animal models of AD: transgenic mice (Tg2576) and rats treated with beta-amyloid, or thiorphan, or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and interferon gamma (INFgamma). We observed that GAPDH activity was significantly decreased in the brain samples from TG mice. The injection of beta-amyloid, or thiorphan, an inhibitor of neprilysin involved in beta-amyloid catabolism, in rat brains resulted in a pronounced reduction of the enzyme activity. The infusion of LPS and IFNgamma, which can influence the progression of the AD, significantly reduced the enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N Shalova
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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18
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Cumming RC, Schubert D. Amyloid‐β induces disulfide bonding and aggregation of GAPDH in Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 2005; 19:2060-2. [PMID: 16186172 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-4195fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
GAPDH is a redox-sensitive glycolytic enzyme that also promotes apoptosis when translocated to the nucleus and associates with aggregate-prone proteins involved in neurodegenerative disorders. Recent evidence indicates that polymorphic variation within GAPDH genes is associated with an elevated risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously demonstrated that GAPDH readily undergoes disulfide bonding following oxidant exposure, although the consequence of disulfide bonding on GAPDH activity or function is unknown. Here we show that increased GAPDH disulfide bonding is observed in detergent-insoluble extracts from AD patient and transgenic AD mouse brain tissue compared with age-matched controls. Exposure of primary rat cortical neurons to the pro-oxidant amyloid beta peptide promotes nuclear accumulation of a disulfide-linked form of GAPDH, which becomes detergent-insoluble. Disulfide bonding leads to a reduction in GAPDH enzymatic activity and correlates with the appearance of punctate aggregate-like GAPDH staining within the cytoplasm of both oxidant-treated HT22 cells and amyloid beta-treated primary cortical neurons. Our findings suggest that disulfide bonding of GAPDH and subsequent protein aggregate formation may have relevance to the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Cumming
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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19
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Chuang DM, Hough C, Senatorov VV. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, apoptosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2005; 45:269-90. [PMID: 15822178 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the notion that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a protein with multiple functions, including its surprising role in apoptosis. GAPDH is overexpressed and accumulates in the nucleus during apoptosis induced by a variety of insults in diverse cell types. Knockdown of GAPDH using an antisense strategy demonstrates its involvement in the apoptotic cascade in which GAPDH nuclear translocation appears essential. Knowledge concerning the mechanisms underlying GAPDH nuclear translocation and subsequent cell death is growing. Additional evidence suggests that GAPDH may be an intracellular sensor of oxidative stress during early apoptosis. Abnormal expression, nuclear accumulation, changes in physical properties, and loss of glycolytic activity of GAPDH have been found in cellular and transgenic models as well as postmortem tissues of several neurodegenerative diseases. The interaction of GAPDH with disease-related proteins as well as drugs used to treat these diseases suggests that it is a potential molecular target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Maw Chuang
- Molecular Neurobiology Section, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1363, USA.
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20
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Maldonado TA, Jones RE, Norris DO. Distribution of beta-amyloid and amyloid precursor protein in the brain of spawning (senescent) salmon: a natural, brain-aging model. Brain Res 2000; 858:237-51. [PMID: 10708675 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain amyloid precursor protein (APP), a normal constituent of neurons, glial cells and cerebrospinal fluid, has several proposed functions (e.g., in neuronal growth and survival). It appears, however, that altered processing of APP is an initial or downstream step in the neuropathology of brain aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Down's syndrome (DS). Some studies suggest that proteolytic cleavage of APP, producing beta-amyloid (Abeta(1-42)), could have neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects. In this study, we utilized antibodies to human APP(695) and Abeta(1-42,) and Congo red staining, to search for amyloid deposition in the brain of semelparous spawning kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka kennerlyi). Intracellular APP(695) immunoreactivity (APP-ir) was observed in brain regions involved in gustation (glomerulosus complex), olfaction (putative hippocampus, olfactory bulb), vision (optic tectum), the stress response (nucleus preopticus and nucleus lateralis tuberis), reproductive behavior (nucleus preopticus magnocellularis, nucleus preopticus periventricularis, ventral telencephalon), and coordination (cerebellum). Intra- and extra-neuronal Abeta(1-42) immunoreactivity (Abeta-ir) were present in all APP-ir regions except the nucleus lateralis tuberis and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum (coordination). Thus, the relationship between APP and Abeta deposition during brain aging could shed light on the processing of APP into Abeta, neurodegeneration, and possible protection of neurons that are functioning in spawning but senescent salmon. Pacific salmon, with their predictable and synchronized life history, could provide research options not available with the existing models for studies of brain aging and amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Maldonado
- Laboratory of Comparative Reproduction, Department of Environmental, Population and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Roher
- Haldeman Laboratory for Alzheimer Disease Research, Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA.
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Cutler P, Brown F, Camilleri P, Carpenter D, George A, Gray C, Haran M, Stewart B. The recognition of haemoglobin by antibodies raised for the immunoassay of beta-amyloid. FEBS Lett 1997; 412:341-5. [PMID: 9256248 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Canine and porcine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were fractionated by size exclusion chromatography and analysed by a luminescence enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) configured to detect beta-amyloid. A peak of activity was observed in the CSF consistent with the molecular weight of beta-amyloid. When CSF contaminated with blood was analysed an additional peak of immunoreactivity at a higher molecular weight was observed. The peak of activity was found to be derived from cross-reactivity of the immunoglobulins employed in the ELISA with haemoglobin. These findings are discussed with reference to primary and structural sequence homology between beta-amyloid and haemoglobin from a number of species, the known properties of beta-amyloid and recent clinical reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cutler
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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