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Weston JNJ, Espinosa-Leal L, Wainwright JA, Stewart ECD, González CE, Linley TD, Reid WDK, Hidalgo P, Oliva ME, Ulloa O, Wenzhöfer F, Glud RN, Escribano R, Jamieson AJ. Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean. MARINE BIODIVERSITY : A JOURNAL OF THE SENCKENBERG RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2021; 51:51. [PMID: 34007343 PMCID: PMC8120496 DOI: 10.1007/s12526-021-01182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eurythenes S.I. Smith in Scudder, 1882 (Crustacea: Amphipoda) are prevalent scavengers of the benthopelagic community from bathyal to hadal depths. While a well-studied genus, molecular systematic studies have uncovered cryptic speciation and multiple undescribed lineages. Here, we apply an integrative taxonomic approach and describe the tenth species, Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov., based on specimens from the 2018 Atacamex and RV Sonne SO261 Expeditions to the southern sector of the Peru-Chile Trench, the Atacama Trench (24-21°S). Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. is a large species, max. observed length 83.2 mm, possesses diagnostic features, including a short gnathopod 1 palm and a chelate gnathopod 2 palm, and a distinct genetic lineage based on a 16S rRNA and COI phylogeny. This species is a dominant bait-attending fauna with an extensive bathymetric range, spanning from 4974 to 8081 m. The RV Sonne SO261 specimens were recovered along a 10-station transect from abyssal to hadal depths and further examined for demographic and bathymetric-related patterns. Ontogenetic vertical stratification was evident across the trench axis, with only juveniles present at abyssal depths (4974-6025 m). Total length-depth analysis revealed that the size of females was unrelated to depth, whereas juveniles followed a sigmoidal relationship with a step-up in size at depths >7200 m. Thus, these bathymetric trends suggest that juveniles and females employ differing ecological strategies in subduction trench environments. This study highlights that even dominant and ecologically important species are still being discovered within the abyssal and hadal environments. Continued systematic expeditions will lead to an improved understanding of the eco-evolutionary drivers of speciation in the world's largest ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna N. J. Weston
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Liliana Espinosa-Leal
- Programa de Doctorado en Oceanografía, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jennifer A. Wainwright
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Eva C. D. Stewart
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
- Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Carolina E. González
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Thomas D. Linley
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - William D. K. Reid
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Pamela Hidalgo
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcelo E. Oliva
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Osvaldo Ulloa
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Frank Wenzhöfer
- HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28358 Bremen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Nordcee and HADAL, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ronnie N. Glud
- Department of Biology, Nordcee and HADAL, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477 Japan
| | - Rubén Escribano
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alan J. Jamieson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
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Havermans C. Have we so far only seen the tip of the iceberg? Exploring species diversity and distribution of the giant amphipod Eurythenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2016.1172257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Havermans
- OD Nature, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Marine Zoology, BreMarE – Bremen Marine Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Functional Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
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Bluhm BA, Brey T, Klages M. The autofluorescent age pigment lipofuscin: key to age, growth and productivity of the Antarctic amphipod Waldeckia obesa (Chevreux, 1905). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 2001; 258:215-235. [PMID: 11278011 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0981(01)00214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Peracarid crustaceans are among the most important taxa in terms of biodiversity and carbon-flow within the Weddell Sea benthos; however, very few data on their age, growth and productivity are available. This study uses the pigment lipofuscin as an age marker in the scavenging amphipod Waldeckia obesa (Chevreux, 1905) from the eastern Weddell Sea. Resin brain sections of 159 trap-caught specimens (1.2 to 7.7 mm coxal plate length L(cox) equal to 5 to 31 mm total length) were recorded digitally by confocal microscopy, and images were analysed. A modal progression analysis of the lipofuscin concentration-frequency distribution revealed five regularly spaced modes presumed to reflect consecutive annual age classes. Single females outside the range of mode V occurred, indicating maximum age of up to 8 years in females. No regular modes were obvious from the comparable length-frequency distribution of 386 individuals. Average yearly pigment accumulation was linear, and accumulation rates did not differ between sexes. The estimates of the growth parameters L(infinity) and k of the von Bertalanffy growth function were 7.47 mm L(cox) and 0.50 per year in females, respectively, and 6.92 mm L(cox) and 0.60 per year in males, respectively. Mortality, estimated from catch curves, amounted to 0.27 per year in females and 0.43 per year in males. P/B ratio, calculated from the mass specific growth rate method, was 0.38 per year for the pooled population (0.25 per year in females, 0.31 per year in males, 2.26 per year in juveniles). The results are discussed with regard to advantages and drawbacks of the methodology, and are compared with results from warmer water habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A. Bluhm
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Columbusstrasse, 27515, Bremerhaven, Germany
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The fate of cetacean carcasses in the deep sea: observations on consumption rates and succession of scavenging species in the abyssal north-east Atlantic Ocean. Proc Biol Sci 1998; 265:1119-1127. [PMCID: PMC1689177 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1998.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of cetacean carcasses in the deep sea was investigated using autonomous deep-sea lander vehicles incorporating time-lapse camera systems, fish and amphipod traps. Three lander deployments placed cetacean carcasses at depths of 4000 to 4800 m in the north-east Atlantic for periods of 36 h, 152 h and 276 h before being recovered. The photographic sequences revealed that carcasses were rapidly consumed by fish and invertebrate scavengers with removal rates ranging from 0.05 to 0.4 kg h-1. In the longest experiment the carcass was skeletonized within five days. In each deployment, approximately an hour after emplacement, the grenadier Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus ) armatus and large numbers of lysianassid amphipods had arrived at the food-fall. The initially high numbers of grenadiers declined once the majority of the bait had been consumed and a variety of other fish and invertebrates were then observed, some taking up residence at the site. None of the fish species appeared to consume the carcass directly, but preyed upon amphipods instead. Funnel traps recovered with the carcass indicated a succession in the species composition of amphipods, with the specialist necrophages such as Paralicella spp. being replaced by more generalist feeders of the Orchomene species complex.
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