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Weston JNJ, Espinosa-Leal L, Wainwright JA, Stewart ECD, González CE, Linley TD, Reid WDK, Hidalgo P, Oliva ME, Ulloa O, Wenzhöfer F, Glud RN, Escribano R, Jamieson AJ. Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean. MARINE BIODIVERSITY : A JOURNAL OF THE SENCKENBERG RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2021; 51:51. [PMID: 34007343 PMCID: PMC8120496 DOI: 10.1007/s12526-021-01182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eurythenes S.I. Smith in Scudder, 1882 (Crustacea: Amphipoda) are prevalent scavengers of the benthopelagic community from bathyal to hadal depths. While a well-studied genus, molecular systematic studies have uncovered cryptic speciation and multiple undescribed lineages. Here, we apply an integrative taxonomic approach and describe the tenth species, Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov., based on specimens from the 2018 Atacamex and RV Sonne SO261 Expeditions to the southern sector of the Peru-Chile Trench, the Atacama Trench (24-21°S). Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. is a large species, max. observed length 83.2 mm, possesses diagnostic features, including a short gnathopod 1 palm and a chelate gnathopod 2 palm, and a distinct genetic lineage based on a 16S rRNA and COI phylogeny. This species is a dominant bait-attending fauna with an extensive bathymetric range, spanning from 4974 to 8081 m. The RV Sonne SO261 specimens were recovered along a 10-station transect from abyssal to hadal depths and further examined for demographic and bathymetric-related patterns. Ontogenetic vertical stratification was evident across the trench axis, with only juveniles present at abyssal depths (4974-6025 m). Total length-depth analysis revealed that the size of females was unrelated to depth, whereas juveniles followed a sigmoidal relationship with a step-up in size at depths >7200 m. Thus, these bathymetric trends suggest that juveniles and females employ differing ecological strategies in subduction trench environments. This study highlights that even dominant and ecologically important species are still being discovered within the abyssal and hadal environments. Continued systematic expeditions will lead to an improved understanding of the eco-evolutionary drivers of speciation in the world's largest ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna N. J. Weston
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Liliana Espinosa-Leal
- Programa de Doctorado en Oceanografía, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jennifer A. Wainwright
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Eva C. D. Stewart
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
- Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Carolina E. González
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Thomas D. Linley
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - William D. K. Reid
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Pamela Hidalgo
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcelo E. Oliva
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Osvaldo Ulloa
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Frank Wenzhöfer
- HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28358 Bremen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Nordcee and HADAL, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ronnie N. Glud
- Department of Biology, Nordcee and HADAL, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477 Japan
| | - Rubén Escribano
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alan J. Jamieson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
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Li JY, Liao YW, Li J, He LS. The complete mitochondrial genome of the deep-sea amphipod Eurythenes magellanicus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassidae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2019; 5:337-339. [PMID: 33366546 PMCID: PMC7748488 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1703573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the deep sea amphipod Eurythenes magellanicus was determined in this paper. This molecular was 14,988 bp in length, and contained the typical 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and one control region (CR). The gene order of E. magellanicus was identical to that from E. maldoror, a deep sea amphipod inhabiting in a deeper habitat than E. magellanicus. A maximum-likelihood tree based on the 13 PCGs from 25 amphipods indicated that E. magellanicus and E. maldoror were closely related and the origin of deep sea amphipods was not monophyletic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yuan Li
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Yan-Wen Liao
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Li-Sheng He
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
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Wilson JPA, Schnabel KE, Rowden AA, Peart RA, Kitazato H, Ryan KG. Bait-attending amphipods of the Tonga Trench and depth-stratified population structure in the scavenging amphipod Hirondellea dubia Dahl, 1959. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5994. [PMID: 30568853 PMCID: PMC6287581 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hadal zone encompasses the deepest parts of the world’s ocean trenches from depths of ∼6,000–11,000 m. The communities observed at these depths are dominated by scavenging amphipods that rapidly intercept and consume carrion as it falls to the deepest parts of the trenches. New samples collected in the Tonga Trench provide an opportunity to compare the amphipod assemblages and the population structure of a dominant species, Hirondellea dubiaDahl, 1959, between trenches and with earlier data presented for the Tonga Trench, and other trenches in the South Pacific. Methods Over 3,600 individual scavenging amphipods across 10 species were collected in seven baited traps at two sites; in the Horizon Deep site, the deepest part of the Tonga Trench (10,800 m) and a site directly up-slope at the trench edge (6,250 m). The composition of the bait-attending amphipods is described and a morphometric analysis of H. dubia examines the bathymetric distribution of the different life stages encountered. Results The amphipod assemblage was more diverse than previously reported, seven species were recorded for the first time from the Tonga Trench. The species diversity was highest at the shallower depth, with H. dubia the only species captured at the deepest site. At the same time, the abundance of amphipods collected at 10,800 m was around sevenfold higher than at the shallower site. H. dubia showed clear ontogenetic vertical structuring, with juveniles dominant at the shallow site and adults dominant at the deep site. The amphipods of the deeper site were always larger at comparable life stage. Discussion The numbers of species encountered in the Tonga Trench is less than reported from the New Hebrides and Kermadec trenches, and six species encountered are shared across trenches. These findings support the previous suggestion that the fauna of the New Hebrides, Tonga and Kermadec Trenches may represent a single biogeographic province. The ontogenetic shift in H. dubia between the two Tonga Trench sites supports the hypothesis of interspecific competition at the shallower bathymetric range of the species, and the presence of competitive physiological advantages that allow the adults at the trench axis to exploit the more labile organic material that reaches the bottom of the trench.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P A Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kareen E Schnabel
- Coasts & Oceans, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd., Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ashley A Rowden
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Coasts & Oceans, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd., Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rachael A Peart
- Coasts & Oceans, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd., Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Hiroshi Kitazato
- Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken G Ryan
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Olsen GH, Coquillé N, Le Floch S, Geraudie P, Dussauze M, Lemaire P, Camus L. Sensitivity of the deep-sea amphipod Eurythenes gryllus to chemically dispersed oil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6497-6505. [PMID: 26635217 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the context of an oil spill accident and the following oil spill response, much attention is given to the use of dispersants. Dispersants are used to disperse an oil slick from the sea surface into the water column generating a cloud of dispersed oil droplets. The main consequence is an increasing of the sea water-oil interface which induces an increase of the oil biodegradation. Hence, the use of dispersants can be effective in preventing oiling of sensitive coastal environments. Also, in case of an oil blowout from the seabed, subsea injection of dispersants may offer some benefits compared to containment and recovery of the oil or in situ burning operation at the sea surface. However, biological effects of dispersed oil are poorly understood for deep-sea species. Most effects studies on dispersed oil and also other oil-related compounds have been focusing on more shallow water species. This is the first approach to assess the sensitivity of a macro-benthic deep-sea organism to dispersed oil. This paper describes a toxicity test which was performed on the macro-benthic deep-sea amphipod (Eurythenes gryllus) to determine the concentration causing lethality to 50% of test individuals (LC50) after an exposure to dispersed Brut Arabian Light (BAL) oil. The LC50 (24 h) was 101 and 24 mg L(-1) after 72 h and 12 mg L(-1) at 96 h. Based on EPA scale of toxicity categories to aquatic organisms, an LC50 (96 h) of 12 mg L(-1) indicates that the dispersed oil was slightly to moderately toxic to E. gryllus. As an attempt to compare our results to others, a literature study was performed. Due to limited amount of data available for dispersed oil and amphipods, information on other crustacean species and other oil-related compounds was also collected. Only one study on dispersed oil and amphipods was found, the LC50 value in this study was similar to the LC50 value of E. gryllus in our study. Since toxicity data are important input to risk assessment and net environmental benefit analyses, and since such data are generally lacking on deep-sea species, the data set produced in this study is of interest to the industry, stakeholders, environmental management, and ecotoxicologists. However, studies including more deep-sea species covering different functional groups are needed to evaluate the sensitivity of the deep-sea compartments to dispersed oil relative to other environmental compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gro Harlaug Olsen
- Akvaplan-niva, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Nathalie Coquillé
- Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41 836, Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - Stephane Le Floch
- Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41 836, Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - Perrine Geraudie
- Akvaplan-niva, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Matthieu Dussauze
- Laboratoire ORPHY EA4324, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue le Gorgeu, CS 93 837, 29 238, Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Philippe Lemaire
- Total Fluides SAS, 24 cours Michelet-La Defense 10, 92069, Paris La Défense Cedex, France
| | - Lionel Camus
- Akvaplan-niva, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
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Havermans C, Sonet G, d’Udekem d’Acoz C, Nagy ZT, Martin P, Brix S, Riehl T, Agrawal S, Held C. Genetic and morphological divergences in the cosmopolitan deep-sea amphipod Eurythenes gryllus reveal a diverse abyss and a bipolar species. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74218. [PMID: 24086322 PMCID: PMC3783426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eurythenes gryllus is one of the most widespread amphipod species, occurring in every ocean with a depth range covering the bathyal, abyssal and hadal zones. Previous studies, however, indicated the existence of several genetically and morphologically divergent lineages, questioning the assumption of its cosmopolitan and eurybathic distribution. For the first time, its genetic diversity was explored at the global scale (Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans) by analyzing nuclear (28S rDNA) and mitochondrial (COI, 16S rDNA) sequence data using various species delimitation methods in a phylogeographic context. Nine putative species-level clades were identified within E. gryllus. A clear distinction was observed between samples collected at bathyal versus abyssal depths, with a genetic break occurring around 3,000 m. Two bathyal and two abyssal lineages showed a widespread distribution, while five other abyssal lineages each seemed to be restricted to a single ocean basin. The observed higher diversity in the abyss compared to the bathyal zone stands in contrast to the depth-differentiation hypothesis. Our results indicate that, despite the more uniform environment of the abyss and its presumed lack of obvious isolating barriers, abyssal populations might be more likely to show population differentiation and undergo speciation events than previously assumed. Potential factors influencing species' origins and distributions, such as hydrostatic pressure, are discussed. In addition, morphological findings coincided with the molecular clades. Of all specimens available for examination, those of the bipolar bathyal clade seemed the most similar to the 'true' E. gryllus. We present the first molecular evidence for a bipolar distribution in a macro-benthic deep-sea organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Havermans
- Direction Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Gontran Sonet
- Direction Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric d’Udekem d’Acoz
- Direction Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zoltán T. Nagy
- Direction Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Martin
- Direction Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Direction Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Saskia Brix
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Senckenberg Research Institute c/o Biocentrum Grindel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torben Riehl
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Senckenberg Research Institute c/o Biocentrum Grindel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shobhit Agrawal
- Section Functional Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Christoph Held
- Section Functional Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
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Bidleman TF, Stern GA, Tomy GT, Hargrave BT, Jantunen LM, Macdonald RW. Scavenging amphipods: sentinels for penetration of mercury and persistent organic chemicals into food webs of the deep Arctic Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:5553-5561. [PMID: 23627492 DOI: 10.1021/es304398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Archived specimens of the scavenging amphipod Eurythenes gryllus, collected from 2075 to 4250 m below the surface on five expeditions to the western and central Arctic Ocean between 1983 and 1998, were analyzed for total mercury (∑Hg), methyl mercury (MeHg), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other industrial or byproduct organochlorines (chlorobenzenes, pentachloroanisole, octachlorostyrene), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Median ∑Hg concentrations ranged from 70 to 366 ng g(-1) wet weight (ww). MeHg concentrations (3.55 to 23.5 ng g(-1) ww) accounted for 1.7 to 20.1% (median 3.7%) of ∑Hg. ∑Hg and MeHg were positively and significantly correlated with ww (∑Hg r(2) = 0.18, p = 0.0004, n = 63; MeHg r(2) = 0.42, p = 0.0004, n = 25), but not significantly with δ(13)C nor δ(15)N. Median concentrations of total persistent organic pollutants (POPs) ranged from 9750 to 156,000 ng g(-1) lipid weight, with order of abundance: ∑TOX (chlorobornanes quantified as technical toxaphene) > ∑PCBs > ∑DDTs > ∑chlordanes > ∑mirex compounds > ∑BDEs ∼ ∑chlorobenzenes ∼ octachlorostyrene > α-hexachlorocyclohexane ∼ hexachlorobenzene ∼ pentachloroanisole. Enantioselective accumulation was found for the chiral OCPs o,p'-DDT, cis- and trans-chlordane, nonachlor MC6 and oxychlordane. Lipid-normalized POPs concentrations were elevated in amphipods with lipid percentages ≤10%, suggesting that utilization of lipids resulted in concentration of POPs in the remaining lipid pool. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis using log-transformed physiological variables and lipid-normalized organochlorine concentrations distinguished amphipods from the central vs western arctic stations. This distinction was also seen for PCB homologues, whereas profiles of other compound classes were more related to specific stations rather than central-west differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry F Bidleman
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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Thoen HH, Johnsen G, Berge J. Pigmentation and spectral absorbance in the deep-sea arctic amphipods Eurythenes gryllus and Anonyx sp. Polar Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-010-0861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kaïm‐Malka RA. Biology and life cycle ofTmetonyx similis(G. O. Sars, 1891) (Amphipoda, Lysianassidae), a scavenging amphipod from the continental slope of the Mediterranean. J NAT HIST 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00222930500240502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kaïm-Malka RA. Oostegite development during the sexual maturation of females ofTmetonyx similis(G. O. Sars, 1891) (Amphipoda, Lysianassidae). J NAT HIST 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001647398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bluhm BA, Brey T, Klages M. The autofluorescent age pigment lipofuscin: key to age, growth and productivity of the Antarctic amphipod Waldeckia obesa (Chevreux, 1905). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 2001; 258:215-235. [PMID: 11278011 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0981(01)00214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Peracarid crustaceans are among the most important taxa in terms of biodiversity and carbon-flow within the Weddell Sea benthos; however, very few data on their age, growth and productivity are available. This study uses the pigment lipofuscin as an age marker in the scavenging amphipod Waldeckia obesa (Chevreux, 1905) from the eastern Weddell Sea. Resin brain sections of 159 trap-caught specimens (1.2 to 7.7 mm coxal plate length L(cox) equal to 5 to 31 mm total length) were recorded digitally by confocal microscopy, and images were analysed. A modal progression analysis of the lipofuscin concentration-frequency distribution revealed five regularly spaced modes presumed to reflect consecutive annual age classes. Single females outside the range of mode V occurred, indicating maximum age of up to 8 years in females. No regular modes were obvious from the comparable length-frequency distribution of 386 individuals. Average yearly pigment accumulation was linear, and accumulation rates did not differ between sexes. The estimates of the growth parameters L(infinity) and k of the von Bertalanffy growth function were 7.47 mm L(cox) and 0.50 per year in females, respectively, and 6.92 mm L(cox) and 0.60 per year in males, respectively. Mortality, estimated from catch curves, amounted to 0.27 per year in females and 0.43 per year in males. P/B ratio, calculated from the mass specific growth rate method, was 0.38 per year for the pooled population (0.25 per year in females, 0.31 per year in males, 2.26 per year in juveniles). The results are discussed with regard to advantages and drawbacks of the methodology, and are compared with results from warmer water habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A. Bluhm
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Columbusstrasse, 27515, Bremerhaven, Germany
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Relini LO, Relini G. Seventeen instars of adult life in femaleAristeus antennatus(Crustacea: Decapoda: Aristeidae). A new interpretation of life span and growth. J NAT HIST 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/00222939800771231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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