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Bisht P, Gautam P, Bhattacharya A, Singh R, Verma SK. Designing of xanthine-based DPP-4 inhibitors: a structure-guided alignment dependent Multifacet 3D-QSAR modeling, and molecular dynamics simulation study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38783776 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2329787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The DPP-4 enzyme degrades incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP. DPP-4 inhibitors are found effective in the prevention of the degradation of incretins. Xanthine scaffold-bearing molecules are reported as potential DPP-4 inhibitors for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, e.g. the marketed drug linagliptin. In this work, structure-guided alignment-dependent atom- and Gaussian field-based 3D-QSAR have been performed on a dataset of 75 molecules. The robustness and predictive ability of the developed multifacet 3D-QSAR models were validated on different statistical parameters and found to be statistically fit. The favorable and unfavorable pharmacophoric features were mapped for each multifacet 3D-QSAR model based on three alignment sets (1-3). A five-point common pharmacophore hypothesis was generated separately for each set of alignments. The molecular dynamics simulations (up to 100 ns) were performed for the potent molecule from each alignment set (Compounds 12, 40 and 57) compared to reference standard linagliptin to study the binding energy and stability of target-ligand complexes. The MM-PBSA calculations revealed that the binding free energy and stability of compounds 12 (-40.324 ± 17.876 kJ/mol), 40 (-80.543 ± 21.782 kJ/mol) and 57 (-50.202 ± 16.055 kJ/mol) were better than the reference drug linagliptin (-20.390 ± 63.200 kJ/mol). The generated contour maps from structure-guided alignment-dependent multifacet 3D-QSAR models offer information about the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and ligand-target binding energy and stability data from MD simulation may be utilized to design and develop target selective xanthine-based novel DPP-4 inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Priyadarshi Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Arka Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Rajveer Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
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2
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Identification of some novel xanthine-based derivatives with bronchodilator activity. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1731-1747. [PMID: 28871831 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The discovery of new bronchodilators with higher efficacy than theophylline is an important issue for asthmatic patients. MATERIALS & METHODS Theophylline 2, 8-bromotheophylline 4 and theobromine 6 were reacted with different 2/3-chloro-N-phenylacetamides 1a-d or their propanamide analogs 1e-g to obtain 3a-g, 5a-g and 7a-g, respectively. The target compounds were screened for their in vitro bronchodilator activity using isolated guinea pig tracheal rings precontracted with histamine and compared with their precursors. RESULTS Many compounds exhibited promising activity especially 3d, 3f, 5d, 7d and 7e. 2D-QSAR study resulted in a significant model (N = 24, n = 5, R 2 = 0.848, R 2cvOO = 0.748, R 2cvMO = 0.745, F = 21.215, s 2 = 0.0002) using CODESSA-Pro software. CONCLUSION These compounds can be considered as promising hits for potent bronchodilators that may be useful for further investigations. [Formula: see text].
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Corradini E, Klaasse G, Leurs U, Heck AJR, Martin NI, Scholten A. Charting the interactome of PDE3A in human cells using an IBMX based chemical proteomics approach. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016. [PMID: 26205238 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00142k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the cell the second messenger cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP mediate a wide variety of external signals. Both signaling molecules are degraded by the superfamily of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) consisting of more than 50 different isoforms. Several of these PDEs are implicated in disease processes inspiring the quest for and synthesis of selective PDE inhibitors, that unfortunately have led to very mixed successes in clinical trials. This may be partially caused by their pharmacological action. Accumulating data suggests that small differences between different PDE isoforms may already result in specific tissue distributions, cellular localization and different involvement in higher order signal protein complexes. The role of PDEs in these higher order signal protein complexes has only been marginally addressed, as no screening methodology is available to address this in a more comprehensive way. Affinity based chemical proteomics is a relatively new tool to identify specific protein-protein interactions. Here, to study the interactome of PDEs, we synthesized a broad spectrum PDE-capturing resin based on the non-selective PDE inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Chemical proteomics characterization of this resin in HeLa cell lysates led to the capture of several different PDEs. Combining the IBMX-resin with in-solution competition with the available more selective PDE inhibitors, cilostamide and papaverine, allowed us to selectively probe the interactome of PDE3A in HeLa cells. Besides known interactors such as the family of 14-3-3 proteins, PDE3A was found to associate with a PP2A complex composed of a regulatory, scaffold and catalytic subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Corradini
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Wang H, Wang C, Bannister TD. Preparation of tetrasubstituted pyrimido[4,5- d]pyrimidine diones. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:1949-4952. [PMID: 27087706 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic route to 1,3,5,7-tetrasubstituted pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones, of interest for potential antitumor activity, is reported. The route uses 1,3-disubstituted 6-amino uracils as starting materials. The key step is a hydrazine-induced cyclization reaction to form the fused pyrimidine ring. By choosing different uracils, acylation reagents and alkylation reagents, substituents at N-1, N-3, C-5, and C-7 may be selectively varied to provide a structurally diverse set of compounds for biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute-FL, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute-FL, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Thomas D Bannister
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute-FL, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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5
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Duspara PA, Islam MS, Lough AJ, Batey RA. Synthesis and Reactivity of N-Alkyl Carbamoylimidazoles: Development of N-Methyl Carbamoylimidazole as a Methyl Isocyanate Equivalent. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10362-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petar A. Duspara
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5S 3H6
| | - Md. Sadequl Islam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5S 3H6
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5S 3H6
| | - Robert A. Batey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5S 3H6
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Liubchak K, Tolmachev A, Grygorenko OO, Nazarenko K. An approach to alicyclic ring-fused xanthines. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Lafleur K, Huang D, Zhou T, Caflisch A, Nevado C. Structure-based optimization of potent and selective inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase erythropoietin producing human hepatocellular carcinoma receptor B4 (EphB4). J Med Chem 2009; 52:6433-46. [PMID: 19788238 DOI: 10.1021/jm9009444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase EphB4 is an attractive target for drug design because of its recognized role in cancer-related angiogenesis. Recently, a series of commercially available xanthine derivatives were identified as micromolar inhibitors of EphB4 by high-throughput fragment-based docking into the ATP-binding site of the kinase domain. Here, we have exploited the binding mode obtained by automatic docking for the optimization of these EphB4 inhibitors by chemical synthesis. Addition of only two heavy atoms, methyl and hydroxyl groups, to compound 4 has yielded the single-digit nanomolar inhibitor 66, with a remarkable improvement of the ligand efficiency from 0.26 to 0.37 kcal/(mol per non-hydrogen atom). Compound 66 shows very high affinity for a few other tyrosine kinases with threonine as gatekeeper residue (Abl, Lck, and Src). On the other hand, it is selective against kinases with a larger gatekeeper. A 45 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the complex of EphB4 and compound 66 provides further validation of the binding mode obtained by fragment-based docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Lafleur
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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9
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Arnold NJ, Arnold R, Beer D, Bhalay G, Collingwood SP, Craig S, Devereux N, Dodds M, Dunstan AR, Fairhurst RA, Farr D, Fullerton JD, Glen A, Gomez S, Haberthuer S, Hatto JDI, Howes C, Jones D, Keller TH, Leuenberger B, Moser HE, Muller I, Naef R, Nicklin PA, Sandham DA, Turner KL, Tweed MF, Watson SJ, Zurini M. Potent and selective xanthine-based inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 5. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2376-9. [PMID: 17337182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Revised: 11/04/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of PDE5 are useful therapeutic agents for treatment of erectile dysfunction. A series of novel xanthine derivatives has been identified as potent inhibitors of PDE5, with good levels of selectivity against other PDE isoforms, including PDE6. Studies in the dog indicate excellent oral bioavailability for compound 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola J Arnold
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, UK
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Hartz RA, Nanda KK, Ingalls CL, Ahuja VT, Molski TF, Zhang G, Wong H, Peng Y, Kelley M, Lodge NJ, Zaczek R, Gilligan PJ, Trainor GL. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6h-purin-6-one and 3,7-dihydro-1h-purine-2,6-dione derivatives as corticotropin-releasing factor(1) receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2004; 47:4741-54. [PMID: 15341489 DOI: 10.1021/jm049787k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that CRF(1) receptor antagonism offers considerable therapeutic potential in the treatment of diseases resulting from elevated levels of CRF, such as anxiety and depression. A series of novel 1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one and 3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as corticotropin releasing factor-1 (CRF(1)) receptor antagonists. Compounds within this series, represented by compound 12d (IC(50) = 5.4 nM), were found to be highly potent CRF(1) receptor antagonists. In addition, compounds 12d and 12j were determined to be selective CRF(1) antagonists. The synthesis, structure-activity relationships and pharmacokinetic properties of compounds within this series is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Hartz
- Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology, and Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA.
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12
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Arnold R, Beer D, Bhalay G, Baettig U, Collingwood SP, Craig S, Devereux N, Dunstan A, Glen A, Gomez S, Haberthuer S, Howe T, Jelfs S, Moser H, Naef R, Nicklin P, Sandham D, Stringer R, Turner K, Watson S, Zurini M. 8-Aryl xanthines potent inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 5. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2587-90. [PMID: 12182866 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In clinical studies, several inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) have demonstrated utility in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. We describe herein a series of 8-aryl xanthine derivatives which function as potent PDE5 inhibitors with, in many cases, high levels of selectivity versus other PDE isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Arnold
- Novartis Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, West Sussex RH12 5AB, Horsham, UK
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Beer D, Bhalay G, Dunstan A, Glen A, Haberthuer S, Moser H. A solid-phase approach towards the synthesis of PDE5 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1973-6. [PMID: 12113821 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PDE5 inhibitors based upon the xanthine scaffold 8 have been expediently synthesized using a solid-phase route. Attachment of the xanthine scaffold 8 using the Rink chloride linker 4 and N-1 functionalization using Mitsunobu chemistry is described. A library of compounds was produced in multi-milligram quantities with excellent purities and acceptable yields. The compounds were tested for their PDE5 inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Beer
- Novartis Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, UK
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