1
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Gosavi M, Kulkarni-Munje A, Patil HP. Dual pattern recognition receptor ligands CL401, CL413, and CL429 as adjuvants for inactivated chikungunya virus. Virology 2023; 585:82-90. [PMID: 37321145 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is responsible for incapacitating joint pains and is a significant health hazard in many countries. Though a definite need for a CHIKV vaccine is felt, long disappearance of CHIKV from circulation in humans has been a concern for vaccine development. Use of two separate pattern recognition receptor ligands has been shown to enhance immune response to the administered antigen. In addition, intradermal delivery of vaccine tends to mimic the natural mode of CHIKV infection. Therefore, in this study, we explored whether intradermal and intramuscular immunization with inactivated CHIKV (I-CHIKV) supplemented with dual pattern-recognition receptor ligands, CL401, CL413, and CL429, is an effective approach to enhancing antibody response to CHIKV. Our in vivo data show that I-CHIKV supplemented with these chimeric PRR ligands induces enhanced neutralizing antibody response after intradermal delivery, but is less efficient after intramuscular immunization. These results suggest that intradermal delivery of I-CHIKV with chimeric adjuvants is a possible way to elicited a better antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunal Gosavi
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Archana Kulkarni-Munje
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Harshad P Patil
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, 411043, India.
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2
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Meller S, Al Khatri MSA, Alhammadi HK, Álvarez G, Alvergnat G, Alves LC, Callewaert C, Caraguel CGB, Carancci P, Chaber AL, Charalambous M, Desquilbet L, Ebbers H, Ebbers J, Grandjean D, Guest C, Guyot H, Hielm-Björkman A, Hopkins A, Kreienbrock L, Logan JG, Lorenzo H, Maia RDCC, Mancilla-Tapia JM, Mardones FO, Mutesa L, Nsanzimana S, Otto CM, Salgado-Caxito M, de los Santos F, da Silva JES, Schalke E, Schoneberg C, Soares AF, Twele F, Vidal-Martínez VM, Zapata A, Zimin-Veselkoff N, Volk HA. Expert considerations and consensus for using dogs to detect human SARS-CoV-2-infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1015620. [PMID: 36569156 PMCID: PMC9773891 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1015620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Meller
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany,*Correspondence: Sebastian Meller,
| | | | - Hamad Khatir Alhammadi
- International Operations Department, Ministry of Interior of the United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Guadalupe Álvarez
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillaume Alvergnat
- International Operations Department, Ministry of Interior of the United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lêucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Chris Callewaert
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles G. B. Caraguel
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Paula Carancci
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anne-Lise Chaber
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Marios Charalambous
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Loïc Desquilbet
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, IMRB, Université Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | - Dominique Grandjean
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Claire Guest
- Medical Detection Dogs, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Hugues Guyot
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anna Hielm-Björkman
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amy Hopkins
- Medical Detection Dogs, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - James G. Logan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom,Arctech Innovation, The Cube, Dagenham, United Kingdom
| | - Hector Lorenzo
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Fernando O. Mardones
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal and Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leon Mutesa
- Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda,Rwanda National Joint Task Force COVID-19, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Cynthia M. Otto
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marília Salgado-Caxito
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal and Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Esther Schalke
- Bundeswehr Medical Service Headquarters, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Clara Schoneberg
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Anísio Francisco Soares
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Friederike Twele
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Victor Manuel Vidal-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Parasitología y Patología Acuática, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ariel Zapata
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Zimin-Veselkoff
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal and Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Holger A. Volk
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany,Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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3
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Liu W, Li X, Zhang H, Hao G, Shang X, Wang H, Chen H, Qian P. Evaluation of Immunoreactivity and Protection Efficacy of Seneca Valley Virus Inactivated Vaccine in Finishing Pigs Based on Screening of Inactivated Agents and Adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040631. [PMID: 35455380 PMCID: PMC9032702 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV), also known as Senecavirus A (SVA), is a non-enveloped and single-strand positive-sense RNA virus, which belongs to the genus of Senecavirus within the family Picornaviridae. Porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD) caused by SVV has frequently been prevalent in America and Southeast Asia (especially in China) since the end of 2014, and has caused continuing issues. In this study, an SVV strain isolated in China, named SVV LNSY01-2017 (MH064435), was used as the stock virus for the preparation of an SVV-inactivated vaccine. The SVV culture was directly inactivated using binary ethyleneimine (BEI) and β-propiolactone (BPL). BPL showed a better effect as an SVV inactivator, according to the results of pH variation, inactivation kinetics, and the detection of VP1 content during inactivation. Then, SVV inactivated by BPL was subsequently emulsified using different adjuvants, including MONTANIDETM ISA 201 VG (ISA 201) and MONTANIDETM IMG 1313 VG N (IMS 1313). The immunoreactivity and protection efficacy of the inactivated vaccines were then evaluated in finishing pigs. SVV-BPL-1313 showed a better humoral response post-immunization and further challenge tests post-immunization showed that both the SVV-BPL-201 and SVV-BPL-1313 combinations could resist challenge from a virulent SVV strain. The SVV LNSY01-2017-inactivated vaccine candidate developed here represents a promising alternative to prevent and control SVV infection in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Genxi Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianfei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huilan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (G.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-27-8728-2608
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4
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Cerutti H, Ricci V, Tesi G, Soldatini C, Castria M, Vaccaro MN, Tornesi S, Toppi S, Verdiani S, Brogi A. Large scale production and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 whole antigen for serological test development. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23735. [PMID: 33608968 PMCID: PMC7995104 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has generated a pandemic with alarming rates of fatality worldwide. This situation has had a major impact on clinical laboratories that have attempted to answer the urgent need for diagnostic tools, since the identification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Development of a reliable serological diagnostic immunoassay, with high levels of sensitivity and specificity to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with improved differential diagnosis from other circulating viruses, is mandatory. METHODS An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using whole inactivated virus cultured in vitro, was developed to detect viral antigens. WB and ELISA investigations were carried out with sera of convalescent patients and negative sera samples. Both analyses were concurrently performed with recombinant MABs to verify the findings. RESULTS Preliminary data from 10 sera (5 patients with COVID-19, and 5 healthy controls) using this immunoassay are very promising, successfully identifying all of the confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals. CONCLUSION This ELISA appears to be a specific and reliable method for detecting COVID-19 antibodies (IgG, IgM, and IgA), and a useful tool for identifying individuals which have developed immunity to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Cerutti
- R&D Site: Via Fiorentina, 1- c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,Diesse Diagnostica Senese SpA, Siena, Italy
| | - Veronica Ricci
- Diesse Diagnostica Senese SpA, Siena, Italy.,Production Site: Via delle Rose, Monteriggioni, Italy
| | - Giulia Tesi
- R&D Site: Via Fiorentina, 1- c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,Diesse Diagnostica Senese SpA, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Soldatini
- R&D Site: Via Fiorentina, 1- c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,Diesse Diagnostica Senese SpA, Siena, Italy
| | - Marinunzia Castria
- R&D Site: Via Fiorentina, 1- c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,Diesse Diagnostica Senese SpA, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Natale Vaccaro
- Diesse Diagnostica Senese SpA, Siena, Italy.,Production Site: Via delle Rose, Monteriggioni, Italy
| | - Stefania Tornesi
- Diesse Diagnostica Senese SpA, Siena, Italy.,Production Site: Via delle Rose, Monteriggioni, Italy
| | - Simona Toppi
- Diesse Diagnostica Senese SpA, Siena, Italy.,Production Site: Via delle Rose, Monteriggioni, Italy
| | - Silvana Verdiani
- Diesse Diagnostica Senese SpA, Siena, Italy.,Production Site: Via delle Rose, Monteriggioni, Italy
| | - Alessandra Brogi
- R&D Site: Via Fiorentina, 1- c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,Diesse Diagnostica Senese SpA, Siena, Italy
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5
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Jureka AS, Silvas JA, Basler CF. Propagation, Inactivation, and Safety Testing of SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060622. [PMID: 32517266 PMCID: PMC7354523 DOI: 10.3390/v12060622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In late 2019, a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, the capital of the Chinese province Hubei. Since then, SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for a worldwide pandemic resulting in over 4 million infections and over 250,000 deaths. The pandemic has instigated widespread research related to SARS-CoV-2 and the disease that it causes, COVID-19. Research into this new virus will be facilitated by the availability of clearly described and effective procedures that enable the propagation and quantification of infectious virus. As work with the virus is recommended to be performed at biosafety level 3, validated methods to effectively inactivate the virus to enable the safe study of RNA, DNA, and protein from infected cells are also needed. Here, we report methods used to grow SARS-CoV-2 in multiple cell lines and to measure virus infectivity by plaque assay using either agarose or microcrystalline cellulose as an overlay as well as a SARS-CoV-2 specific focus forming assay. We also demonstrate effective inactivation by TRIzol, 10% neutral buffered formalin, beta propiolactone, and heat.
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6
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Sabbaghi A, Miri SM, Keshavarz M, Zargar M, Ghaemi A. Inactivation methods for whole influenza vaccine production. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2074. [PMID: 31334909 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous efforts toward vaccination, influenza remains an ongoing global threat. The induction of strain-specific neutralizing antibody responses is a common phenomenon during vaccination with the current inactivated influenza vaccines, so the protective effect of these vaccines is mostly strain-specific. There is an essential need for the development of next-generation vaccines, with a broad range of immunogenicity against antigenically drifted or shifted influenza viruses. Here, we evaluate the potential of whole inactivated vaccines, based on chemical and physical methods, as well as new approaches to generate cross-protective immune responses. We also consider the mechanisms by which some of these vaccines may induce CD8+ T-cells cross-reactivity with different strains of influenza. In this review, we have focused on conventional and novel methods for production of whole inactivated influenza vaccine. As well as chemical modification, using formaldehyde or β-propiolactone and physical manipulation by ultraviolet radiation or gamma-irradiation, novel approaches, including visible ultrashort pulsed laser, and low-energy electron irradiation are discussed. These two latter methods are considered to be attractive approaches to design more sophisticated vaccines, due to their ability to maintain most of the viral antigenic properties during inactivation and potential to produce cross-protective immunity. However, further studies are needed to validate them before they can replace traditional methods for vaccine manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailar Sabbaghi
- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.,Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Keshavarz
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohsen Zargar
- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Vuong CN, Chou WK, Briggs W, Faulkner O, Wolfenden A, Jonas M, Kapczynski DR, Hargis BM, Bielke LR, Berghman LR. Crude Inactivated Influenza A Virus Adjuvated with a Bispecific Antibody Complex Targeting Chicken CD40 and AIV M2e Confers Protection Against Lethal HPAI Challenge in Chickens. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2018; 37:245-251. [PMID: 30592705 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2018.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo targeting an immunogen to the CD40 receptor expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) dramatically enhances speed, magnitude, and quality of the immune response. Our previous evaluation of this strategy in poultry was limited to immunogenicity studies using CD40-targeted synthetic peptides, which demonstrated significant antigen-specific serum IgG and tracheal IgA levels <1 week after primary administration. In this study, this antibody-guided immunization strategy was modified to permit incorporation of inactivated highly pathogenic avian influenza virions (in lieu of short synthetic peptides) as the immunogen by simply mixing a bispecific antibody complex (anti-CD40/M2e) with crude inactivated virus before injection. Adjuvated avian influenza virus (AIV) induced significant hemagglutination inhibition titers up to 6 weeks postimmunization. In efficacy studies, administration of a single vaccine dose yielded 56%-64% survival against challenge with highly pathogenic H5N1, and 100% protection was achieved upon boosting. These results represent a feasible strategy to effectively target whole inactivated influenza A virus to chicken APCs, regardless of AIV clade and without phenotyping or purifying the virus from crude allantoic fluid. The data represent proof of principle for the unique prophylactic efficacy and versatility of a CD40-targeting adjuvation strategy that can in principle also be harnessed in other poultry vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N Vuong
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
| | - Wen-Ko Chou
- 2 Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
| | - Whitney Briggs
- 3 Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University , Wooster, Ohio
| | - Olivia Faulkner
- 4 Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Amanda Wolfenden
- 4 Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Melina Jonas
- 5 Medion Vaccine Company , Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Darrell R Kapczynski
- 6 Exotic and Emerging Viral Diseases Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , Athens, Georgia
| | - Billy M Hargis
- 4 Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Lisa R Bielke
- 3 Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University , Wooster, Ohio
| | - Luc R Berghman
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas.,2 Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
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8
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Lim H, In HJ, Lee JA, Sik Yoo J, Lee SW, Chung GT, Choi YK, Chung JK, Cho SJ, Lee JW. The immunogenicity and protection effect of an inactivated coxsackievirus A6, A10, and A16 vaccine against hand, foot, and mouth disease. Vaccine 2018; 36:3445-3452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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9
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Tang L, Kang H, Duan K, Guo M, Lian G, Wu Y, Li Y, Gao S, Jiang Y, Yin J, Liu M. Effects of Three Types of Inactivation Agents on the Antibody Response and Immune Protection of Inactivated IHNV Vaccine in Rainbow Trout. Viral Immunol 2016; 29:430-5. [PMID: 27548006 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) infects salmonid fish, resulting in high mortality and serious economic losses to salmonid aquaculture. Therefore, an effective IHNV vaccine is urgently needed. To select an inactivation agent for the preparation of an effective IHNV vaccine, rainbow trout were immunized with mineral oil emulsions of IHNV vaccines inactivated by formaldehyde, binary ethylenimine (BEI), or β-propiolactone (BPL). The fish were challenged 8 weeks after vaccination, and their IgM antibody response and relative percent survival (RPS) were evaluated. The results show that formaldehyde, BEI, and BPL abolished IHNV HLJ-09 infectivity within 24, 48, and 24 h at final concentrations of 0.2%, 0.02%, and 0.01%, respectively. The mean levels of specific IgM, both in serum and mucus (collected from the skin surface and gills), for the three immunized groups (from high to low) ranked as follows: the BPL group, BEI group, and formaldehyde group. From weeks 5 to 9, the mean log2 serum titers of IgM in the BPL group were significantly higher compared with those of the other groups (p < 0.05) during the 9 weeks of observation after vaccination (immunized at weeks 0 and6). Mucus OD490 values of the BPL group were significantly higher compared with those of the other groups (p < 0.05) when reaching their peak at weeks 5 and 8, but the difference between the formaldehyde and BEI groups was not significant (p > 0.05). The BPL-inactivated whole-virus vaccine had the greatest protective effect on the rainbow trout after challenge by an intraperitoneal injection of live IHNV, with an RPS rate of 91.67%, which was significantly higher compared with the BEI (83.33%) and formaldehyde (79.17%) groups. These results indicate that the BPL-inactivated IHNV oil-adjuvant vaccine was more effective than the formaldehyde- or BEI-inactivated vaccines. The results of this study provide an important foundation for further studies on inactivated IHNV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Tang
- Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haiyan Kang
- Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kexin Duan
- Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengting Guo
- Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gaihong Lian
- Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yijing Li
- Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Min Liu
- Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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10
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Pawar SD, Murtadak VB, Kale SD, Shinde PV, Parkhi SS. Evaluation of different inactivation methods for high and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in egg-fluids for antigen preparation. J Virol Methods 2015; 222:28-33. [PMID: 25997377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In view of the emerging avian influenza (AI) viruses, it is important to study the susceptibility of AI viruses to inactivating agents for preparation of antigens and inactivated vaccines. The available information on susceptibility of both the high and low pathogenic AI viruses to different inactivating agents is inadequate and ambiguous. It has been shown that different subtypes of influenza viruses require different physical and chemical conditions for inactivation of infectivity. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the use of beta-propiolactone (BPL), formalin and ether for inactivation and its impact on antigenicity of AI viruses. A total of nine high and low pathogenic AI viruses belonging to four influenza A subtypes were included in the study. The H5N1 viruses were from the clades 2.2, 2.3.2.1 and 2.3.4. The H9N2 virus included in the study was of the G1 genotype, while the H11N1 and H4N6 viruses were from the Eurasian lineage. The viruses were treated with BPL, formalin and with ether. The confirmation of virus inactivation was performed by two serial passages of inactivated viruses in embryonated chicken eggs. The infectivity of all tested AI viruses was eliminated using 0.1% BPL and 0.1% formalin. Ether eliminated infectivity of all tested low pathogenic AI viruses; however, ether with 0.2% or 0.5% Tween-20 was required for inactivation of the highly pathogenic AI H5N1 viruses. Treatment with BPL, ether and formalin retained virus hemagglutination (HA) titers. Interestingly ether treatment resulted in significant rise in HA titers (P<0.05) of all tested AI viruses. This data demonstrated the utility of BPL, formalin and ether for the inactivation of infectivity of AI viruses used in the study for the preparation of inactivated virus antigens for research and diagnosis of AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh D Pawar
- National Institute of Virology-Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, India.
| | - Vinay B Murtadak
- National Institute of Virology-Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, India
| | - Sandeep D Kale
- National Institute of Virology-Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, India
| | - Prashant V Shinde
- National Institute of Virology-Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, India
| | - Saurabh S Parkhi
- National Institute of Virology-Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, India
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11
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Davis AS, Chertow DS, Moyer JE, Suzich J, Sandouk A, Dorward DW, Logun C, Shelhamer JH, Taubenberger JK. Validation of normal human bronchial epithelial cells as a model for influenza A infections in human distal trachea. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:312-28. [PMID: 25604814 PMCID: PMC4409941 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415570968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary normal human bronchial/tracheal epithelial (NHBE) cells, derived from the distal-most aspect of the trachea at the bifurcation, have been used for a number of studies in respiratory disease research. Differences between the source tissue and the differentiated primary cells may impact infection studies based on this model. Therefore, we examined how well-differentiated NHBE cells compared with their source tissue, the human distal trachea, as well as the ramifications of these differences on influenza A viral pathogenesis research using this model. We employed a histological analysis including morphological measurements, electron microscopy, multi-label immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, lectin histochemistry, and microarray expression analysis to compare differentiated NHBEs to human distal tracheal epithelium. Pseudostratified epithelial height, cell type variety and distribution varied significantly. Electron microscopy confirmed differences in cellular attachment and paracellular junctions. Influenza receptor lectin histochemistry revealed that α2,3 sialic acids were rarely present on the apical aspect of the differentiated NHBE cells, but were present in low numbers in the distal trachea. We bound fluorochrome bioconjugated virus to respiratory tissue and NHBE cells and infected NHBE cells with human influenza A viruses. Both indicated that the pattern of infection progression in these cells correlated with autopsy studies of fatal cases from the 2009 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sally Davis
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland (ASD, DSC, JEM, AS, JKT)
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas (ASD)
| | - Daniel S Chertow
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland (ASD, DSC, JEM, AS, JKT)
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (DSC, JS, CL, JHS)
| | - Jenna E Moyer
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland (ASD, DSC, JEM, AS, JKT)
| | - Jon Suzich
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (DSC, JS, CL, JHS)
| | - Aline Sandouk
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland (ASD, DSC, JEM, AS, JKT)
| | - David W Dorward
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Research Technology Branch, NIAID, Hamilton, Montana (DWD)
| | - Carolea Logun
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (DSC, JS, CL, JHS)
| | - James H Shelhamer
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (DSC, JS, CL, JHS)
| | - Jeffery K Taubenberger
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland (ASD, DSC, JEM, AS, JKT)
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12
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She YM, Cheng K, Farnsworth A, Li X, Cyr TD. Surface modifications of influenza proteins upon virus inactivation by β-propiolactone. Proteomics 2014; 13:3537-47. [PMID: 24123778 PMCID: PMC4265195 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of intact influenza viruses using formaldehyde or β-propiolactone (BPL) is essential for vaccine production and safety. The extent of chemical modifications of such reagents on viral proteins needs to be extensively investigated to better control the reactions and quality of vaccines. We have evaluated the effect of BPL inactivation on two candidate re-assortant vaccines (NIBRG-121xp and NYMC-X181A) derived from A/California/07/2009 pandemic influenza viruses using high-resolution FT-ICR MS-based proteomic approaches. We report here an ultra performance LC MS/MS method for determining full-length protein sequences of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase through protein delipidation, various enzymatic digestions, and subsequent mass spectrometric analyses of the proteolytic peptides. We also demonstrate the ability to reliably identify hundreds of unique sites modified by propiolactone on the surface of glycoprotein antigens. The location of these modifications correlated with changes to protein folding, conformation, and stability, but demonstrated no effect on protein disulfide linkages. In some cases, these modifications resulted in suppression of protein function, an effect that correlated with the degree of change of the modified amino acids' side chain length and polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min She
- Centre for Vaccine Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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13
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Gonçalves VM, Dias WO, Campos IB, Liberman C, Sbrogio-Almeida ME, Silva EP, Cardoso CP, Alderson M, Robertson G, Maisonneuve JF, Tate A, Anderson P, Malley R, Fratelli F, Leite LC. Development of a whole cell pneumococcal vaccine: BPL inactivation, cGMP production, and stability. Vaccine 2014; 32:1113-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Salgado-Miranda C, Loza-Rubio E, Rojas-Anaya E, García-Espinosa G. Viral vaccines for bony fish: past, present and future. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:567-78. [PMID: 23659303 DOI: 10.1586/erv.13.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since 1970, aquaculture production has grown. In 2010, it had an annual average rate of 6.3% with 59.9 million tons of product and soon could exceed capture fisheries as a source of fishery products. However, the occurrence of viral diseases continues to be a significant limiting factor and its control is important for the development of this sector. In aquaculture farms, fish are reared under intensive culture conditions, and the use of viral vaccines has enabled an increase in production. Several types of vaccines and strategies of vaccination have been developed; however, this approach has not reached the expected goals in the most susceptible stage (fingerlings). Currently, there are inactivated and recombinant commercial vaccines, mainly for salmonids and cyprinids. In addition, updated genomic and proteomic technology has expedited the research and expansion of new vaccine models, such as those comprised of subunits or DNA. The objective of this review is to cover the various types of viral vaccines that have been developed and are available for bony fishes, as well as the advantages and challenges that DNA vaccines present for massive administration in a growing aquaculture, possible risks for the environment, the controversy regarding genetically modified organisms and possible acceptance by consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celene Salgado-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, 50200, Mexico.
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15
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Bonnafous P, Nicolaï MC, Taveau JC, Chevalier M, Barrière F, Medina J, Le Bihan O, Adam O, Ronzon F, Lambert O. Treatment of influenza virus with beta-propiolactone alters viral membrane fusion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:355-63. [PMID: 24140008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Beta-propiolactone (BPL) is commonly used as an inactivating reagent to produce viral vaccines. Although BPL has been described to chemically modify nucleic acids, its effect on viral proteins, potentially affecting viral infectivity, remains poorly studied. Here, a H3N2 strain of influenza virus was submitted to treatment with various BPL concentrations (2-1000μM). Cell infectivity was progressively reduced and entirely abolished at 1mM BPL. Virus fusion with endosome being a critical step in virus infection, we analyzed its ability to fuse with lipid membrane after BPL treatment. By monitoring calcein leakage from liposomes fusing with the virus, we measured a decrease of membrane fusion in a BPL dose-dependent manner that correlates with the loss of infectivity. These data were complemented with cryo transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM) and cryo electron tomography (cryoET) studies of native and modified viruses. In addition, a decrease of leakage irrespective of BPL concentration was measured suggesting that the insertion of HA2 fusion peptide into the target membrane was inhibited even at low BPL concentrations. Interestingly, mass spectrometry revealed that HA2 and M1 matrix proteins had been modified. Furthermore, fusion activity was partially restored by the protonophore monensin as confirmed by cryoTEM and cryoET. Moreover, exposure to amantadine, an inhibitor of M2 channel, did not alter membrane fusion activity of 1mM BPL treated virus. Taken together these results show that BPL treatment inhibits membrane fusion, likely by altering function of proteins involved in the fusion process, shedding new light on the effect of BPL on influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bonnafous
- University of Bordeaux, CBMN UMR 5248, IPB, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France; CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France
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16
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Fedorova AA, Goncharova EP, Kovpak MP, Vlassov VV, Zenkova MA. Influenza virus inactivated by artificial ribonucleases as a prospective killed virus vaccine. Vaccine 2012; 30:2973-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Anderson E, Clouthier S, Shewmaker W, Weighall A, LaPatra S. Inactivated infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) vaccines. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2008; 31:729-745. [PMID: 18752542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation dynamics of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) by b-propiolactone (BPL), binary ethylenimine (BEI), formaldehyde or heat and the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the inactivated vaccines were evaluated. Chemical treatment of IHNV with 2.7 mm BPL, 1.5 mm BEI or 50 mm formaldehyde abolished virus infectivity within 48 h whereas heat treatment at 50 or 100 degrees C rendered the virus innocuous within 30 min. The inactivated IHNV vaccines were recognized by rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, IHNV-specific antibodies and were differentially recognized by antigenic site I or antigenic site II IHNV glycoprotein-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The BPL inactivated whole virus vaccine was highly efficacious in vaccinated rainbow trout challenged by waterborne exposure to IHNV 7, 28, 42 or 56 days (15 degrees C) after immunization. The formaldehyde inactivated whole virus vaccine was efficacious 7 or 11 days after vaccination of rainbow trout but performed inconsistently when tested at later time points. The other vaccines tested were not efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Anderson
- Maine BioTek, Inc., Winterport, ME 04496, USA.
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18
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Development of stable influenza vaccine powder formulations: challenges and possibilities. Pharm Res 2008; 25:1256-73. [PMID: 18338241 PMCID: PMC2346510 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Influenza vaccination represents the cornerstone of influenza prevention. However, today all influenza vaccines are formulated as liquids that are unstable at ambient temperatures and have to be stored and distributed under refrigeration. In order to stabilize influenza vaccines, they can be brought into the dry state using suitable excipients, stabilizers and drying processes. The resulting stable influenza vaccine powder is independent of cold-chain facilities. This can be attractive for the integration of the vaccine logistics with general drug distribution in Western as well as developing countries. In addition, a stockpile of stable vaccine formulations of potential vaccines against pandemic viruses can provide an immediate availability and simple distribution of vaccine in a pandemic outbreak. Finally, in the development of new needle-free dosage forms, dry and stable influenza vaccine powder formulations can facilitate new or improved targeting strategies for the vaccine compound. This review represents the current status of dry stable inactivated influenza vaccine development. Attention is given to the different influenza vaccine types (i.e. whole inactivated virus, split, subunit or virosomal vaccine), the rationale and need for stabilized influenza vaccines, drying methods by which influenza vaccines can be stabilized (i.e. lyophilization, spray drying, spray-freeze drying, vacuum drying or supercritical fluid drying), the current status of dry influenza vaccine development and the challenges for ultimate market introduction of a stable and effective dry-powder influenza vaccine.
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19
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Hydrophobic inactivation of influenza viruses confers preservation of viral structure with enhanced immunogenicity. J Virol 2008; 82:4612-9. [PMID: 18305038 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02233-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of inactivated influenza virus for the development of vaccines with broad heterosubtypic protection requires selective inactivation techniques that eliminate viral infectivity while preserving structural integrity. Here we tested if a hydrophobic inactivation approach reported for retroviruses could be applied to the influenza virus. By this approach, the transmembrane domains of viral envelope proteins are selectively targeted by the hydrophobic photoactivatable compound 1,5-iodonaphthyl-azide (INA). This probe partitions into the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope and upon far UV irradiation reacts selectively with membrane-embedded domains of proteins and lipids while the protein domains that localize outside the bilayer remain unaffected. INA treatment of influenza virus blocked infection in a dose-dependent manner without disrupting the virion or affecting neuraminidase activity. Moreover, the virus maintained the full activity in inducing pH-dependent lipid mixing, but pH-dependent redistribution of viral envelope proteins into the target cell membrane was completely blocked. These results indicate that INA selectively blocks fusion of the virus with the target cell membrane at the pore formation and expansion step. Using a murine model of influenza virus infection, INA-inactivated influenza virus induced potent anti-influenza virus serum antibody and T-cell responses, similar to live virus immunization, and protected against heterosubtypic challenge. INA treatment of influenza A virus produced a virus that is noninfectious, intact, and fully maintains the functional activity associated with the ectodomains of its two major envelope proteins, neuraminidase and hemagglutinin. When used as a vaccine given intranasally (i.n.), INA-inactivated influenza virus induced immune responses similar to live virus infection.
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20
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Miller PJ, King DJ, Afonso CL, Suarez DL. Antigenic differences among Newcastle disease virus strains of different genotypes used in vaccine formulation affect viral shedding after a virulent challenge. Vaccine 2007; 25:7238-46. [PMID: 17719150 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Revised: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can be separated into genotypes based on genome differences even though they are antigenically considered to be of a single serotype. It is widely recognized that an efficacious Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine made with any NDV does induce protection against morbidity and mortality from a virulent NDV challenge. However, those ND vaccines do not protect vaccinates from infection and viral shed from such a challenge. Vaccines prepared from ND viruses corresponding to five different genotypes were compared to determine if the phylogenetic distance between vaccine and challenge strain influences the protection induced and the amount of challenge virus shed. Six groups of 4-week-old specific pathogen-free Leghorn chickens were given oil-adjuvanted vaccines prepared from one of five different inactivated ND viruses including strains B1, Ulster, CA02, Pigeon84, Alaska 196, or an allantoic fluid control. Three weeks post-vaccination, serum was analyzed for antibody content using a hemagglutination inhibition assay against each of the vaccine antigens and a commercial NDV ELISA. After challenge with virulent CA02, the birds were examined daily for morbidity and mortality and were monitored at selected intervals for virus shedding. All vaccines except for the control induced greater than 90% protection to clinical disease and mortality. The vaccine homologous with the challenge virus reduced oral shedding significantly more than the heterologous vaccines. NDV vaccines formulated to be phylogenetically closer to potential outbreak viruses may provide better ND control by reducing virus transmission from infected birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patti J Miller
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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21
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de Jonge J, Schoen P, ter Veer W, Stegmann T, Wilschut J, Huckriede A. Use of a dialyzable short-chain phospholipid for efficient solubilization and reconstitution of influenza virus envelopes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2006; 1758:527-36. [PMID: 16630533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Virosomes are reconstituted viral envelopes that can serve as vaccines and as vehicles for cellular delivery of various macromolecules. To further advance the use of virosomes, we developed a novel dialysis procedure for the reconstitution of influenza virus membranes that is easily applicable to industrial production and compatible with encapsulation of a variety of compounds. This procedure relies on the use of 1,2-dicaproyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DCPC) as a solubilizing agent. DCPC is a short-chain lecithin with detergent-like properties and with a critical micelle concentration of 14 mM. DCPC effectively dissolved the influenza virus membranes after which the nucleocapsids could be removed by ultracentrifugation. The solubilized membrane components were reconstituted either by removal of DCPC by dialysis or by a procedure involving initial dilution of the solubilized membrane components followed by dialysis. Both protocols resulted in removal of 99.9% of DCPC and simultaneous formation of virosomes. Analysis of the virosome preparations by equilibrium sucrose density gradient centrifugation revealed co-migration of phospholipid and protein for virosomes produced by either method. Moreover, both virosome preparations showed morphological and fusogenic characteristics similar to native influenza virus. Size, homogeneity and spike density of the virosomes varied with the two different reconstitution procedures employed. The recovery of viral membrane proteins and phospholipids in the virosomes was found to be higher for the dilution/dialysis procedure than for the simple dialysis protocol. This novel procedure for the production of virosomes is straightforward and robust and allows further exploitation of virosomes as vaccines or as drug delivery vehicles not only in academia, but also in industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen de Jonge
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Tang L, Zhu Q, Qin E, Yu M, Ding Z, Shi H, Cheng X, Wang C, Chang G, Zhu Q, Fang F, Chang H, Li S, Zhang X, Chen X, Yu J, Wang J, Chen Z. Inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine prepared from whole virus induces a high level of neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice. DNA Cell Biol 2004; 23:391-4. [PMID: 15231072 DOI: 10.1089/104454904323145272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the ability of inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine to induce neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice. The inactivated vaccine was prepared by SARS-CoV virus propagation in Vero cells, with subsequent beta-propiolactone inactivation and Sepharose 4FF column chromatography purification. One hundred forty BALB/c female mice were divided into seven groups of 20 mice each. Of the seven groups, three groups were inoculated with 0.1, 1, and 3 microg of the vaccine without adjuvant while three other groups were inoculated at the same three dosages of vaccine with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant, respectively. The remaining group was set up as a blank control. Each mouse was inoculated twice at an interval of 3 weeks. One week after the second immunization, mice sera were collected to detect serum neutralizing antibodies. An assay for determining neutralizing antibody titers was developed. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) higher dosages of vaccine induced higher levels of neutralizing antibody titer; (2) the level of neutralizing antibodies induced by the inoculation with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant was slightly higher than that without adjuvant, but the difference was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, People's Republic of China
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23
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Smirnov YA, Gitelman AK, Govorkova EA, Lipatov AS, Kaverin NV. Influenza H5 virus escape mutants: immune protection and antibody production in mice. Virus Res 2004; 99:205-8. [PMID: 14749187 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2003.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Avian H5N1 influenza A viruses are considered to be of high pandemic potential as they are able to cross the avian-human species barrier and cause disease in humans. In the present study we assessed the impact of amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (HA) of antigenic escape mutants of influenza A/Mallard/Pennsylvania/10218/84 (H5N2) (Mld/PA/84-MA) virus on the level of neutralizing antibodies and the ability to protect mice against challenge with the wild type H5 influenza virus. beta-Propiolactone-inactivated vaccines prepared from eight different H5 escape mutants could be separated into two groups based on levels of protection. One group of escape mutants [m46(7), m46(7)-24B9, m46(7)-55, and m46(7)-55-24B9] was characterized by providing high levels of protection (90.0-95.4% survival) to mice against subsequent challenge with 5 LD(50) of wild type Mld/PA/84-MA virus. The other group of escape mutants [m176/26, m55(2), m55(2)-24B9, and m24B9-176/26] provided moderate level of protection (57.1-66.6% survival) in mice. Analysis of the amino acid substitutions in the HA revealed that two amino acid changes in antigenic site B of the HA molecule (D(126)-->N and K(152)-->N) were associated for decreases in the levels of antibody and the immune protection afforded by vaccination with these H5 virus escape mutants. The phenotypic effects of mutations in HA gene of H5 virus may be of importance to appraise the extent and direction of H5 influenza viruses antigenic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A Smirnov
- The D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology RAMS, 16 Gamaleya Street, 123098, Moscow, Russia.
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24
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Tang L, Wang J, Qin E, Zhu Q, Yu M, Ding Z, Shi H, Cheng X, Wang C, Chang G, Li S, Zhang X, Chen X, Yu J, Chen Z. Preparation, characterization and preliminary in vivo studies of inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2003; 48:2621-2625. [PMID: 32214708 PMCID: PMC7088751 DOI: 10.1360/03wc464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2003] [Accepted: 11/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A large quantity of SARS-CoV virus was proliferated in Vero cells, inactivated with β-propiolactone, then purified by Sepharose 4FF column chromatography to prepare inactivated vaccine. The vaccine was identified by Western blot, mass spectrographic analysis, ELISA and electron microscopy. The vaccine with or without aluminum hydroxide adjuvant was inoculated into female BALB/c mice at different dosages. The result showed that the antibodies to SARS-CoV were induced in the mice. The antibody levels induced by the vaccine with aluminum hydroxide were higher than those without aluminum hydroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Ede Qin
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medicine, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Zhu
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medicine, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Man Yu
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medicine, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Zhifen Ding
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute, 100024 Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Shi
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute, 100024 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Cheng
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Caiping Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medicine, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Shuangli Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing, China
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medicine, 100071 Beijing, China
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute, 100024 Beijing, China
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071 Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Xishu Chen
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071 Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, China
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