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Das S, Sakhare N, Kumar D, Mathur A, Mirapurkar S, Sheela M, Mohanty B, Chaudhari P, Chakraborty S. Design, characterization and evaluation of a new 99mTc-labeled folate derivative with affinity towards folate receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 86:129240. [PMID: 36931350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Folate receptors (FRs) are known to be over-expressed in several human malignancies and therefore serve as an important target for small radiolabeled folate derivatives for non-invasive imaging of tumor, which is an important tool for future treatment recourse. In the present article, we report the synthesis of a new 99mTc-labeled radiotracer for the aforementioned application following the well-established 99mTc-'4+1' chemistry. Formation of the desired [99mTc]Tc-complex with >95% radiochemical purity was confirmed by radio-HPLC and its structure was ascertained by characterizing a natural rhenium analogue of the said complex. Although the ligand exhibited a weaker affinity towards FRs compared to native folic acid (IC50 8.09 µM vs 29.46 nM), the 99mTc-labeled complex was found to bind folate receptor-positive KB cells with high specificity (∼90%). Similar studies in a folate receptor negative cell line viz. A549 further corroborated the receptor-specificity of the synthesized complex. In vivo studies in KB tumor xenograft showed moderate uptake of ∼2.6% upto 3 h post-injection with high specificity (∼80%). The favorable features observed warrant further screening of the current design towards achieving an improved molecular probe for the said application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Das
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai 400703, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Navin Sakhare
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai 400703, India
| | - Dheeraj Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai 400703, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Anupam Mathur
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai 400703, India
| | - Shubhangi Mirapurkar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai 400703, India
| | - M Sheela
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai 400703, India
| | - Bhabani Mohanty
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India; Radiopharmaceutical Division, Bhabha Atomic Rweesearch Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
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2
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Folate-based radiotracers for nuclear imaging and radionuclide therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Oliveira MC, Correia JDG. Clinical application of radioiodinated antibodies: where are we? Clin Transl Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-021-00477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Sana A, Rasheed R, Rafique A, Khaliq T, Jabeen N, Murtaza G. Gynaecological Cancer Diagnostics: 99mTc-Cisplatin Complex as a Future Approach for Early, Prompt and Efficient Diagnosis of Gynaecological Cancer. Curr Med Imaging 2020; 15:611-621. [PMID: 32008509 DOI: 10.2174/1573405614666180809123233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gynaecological cancers (GCCa) are common and have a significant mortality rate all over the world. Early diagnosis of cancer can play a key role in the treatment and survival of a patient. Identification, staging, treatment, and monitoring of gynaecological malignancies is being done successfully by nuclear medicines. DISCUSSION Currently, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) centered imaging techniques are being developed for use in patients with GCCa as a diagnostic tool. The present work elucidates several clinical studies on the use of radiopharmaceuticals, based on their effectiveness, in the early detection and management of GCCa. It also highlights the importance of reconsidering the biology for nuclear imaging as a future modality for early, rapid and efficient diagnosis of gynecological cancers. This comprehensive review is a part of our study designed to detect gynaecological cancers at an early stage using radionuclide complex, 99m Tc-Cisplatin. CONCLUSION This article summarizes the significance of radioscintigraphy such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and PET for identification of GCCa in the experimental humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sana
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Rasheed
- Institute of Nuclear, Medicines, Oncology and Radiations (INOR), Ayub Medical Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Rafique
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Tooba Khaliq
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
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5
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Scaranti M, Cojocaru E, Banerjee S, Banerji U. Exploiting the folate receptor α in oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:349-359. [PMID: 32152484 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Folate receptor α (FRα) came into focus as an anticancer target many decades after the successful development of drugs targeting intracellular folate metabolism, such as methotrexate and pemetrexed. Binding to FRα is one of several methods by which folate is taken up by cells; however, this receptor is an attractive anticancer drug target owing to the overexpression of FRα in a range of solid tumours, including ovarian, lung and breast cancers. Furthermore, using FRα to better localize effective anticancer therapies to their target tumours using platforms such as antibody-drug conjugates, small-molecule drug conjugates, radioimmunoconjugates and, more recently, chimeric antigen receptor T cells could further improve the outcomes of patients with FRα-overexpressing cancers. FRα can also be harnessed for predictive biomarker research. Moreover, imaging FRα radiologically or in real time during surgery can lead to improved functional imaging and surgical outcomes, respectively. In this Review, we describe the current status of research into FRα in cancer, including data from several late-phase clinical trials involving FRα-targeted therapies, and the use of new technologies to develop FRα-targeted agents with improved therapeutic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Scaranti
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Susana Banerjee
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Udai Banerji
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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6
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Saljoughi H, Khakbaz F, Mahani M. Synthesis of folic acid conjugated photoluminescent carbon quantum dots with ultrahigh quantum yield for targeted cancer cell fluorescence imaging. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101687. [PMID: 32070730 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid functionalized carbon quantum dots (FA-CQDs) with ultrahigh quantum yield (50 %) were synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal route using citric acid. The synthesized CQDs were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray diffraction. The cell viability of about 95 % and 97 % were obtained for MTT assay of the CQDs and FA-CQDs toward MCF-7 cells after 24 h of incubation respectively. The FA-CQDs were successfully applied for targeted imaging of ovarian cancer (type HeLa) and human breast adenocarcinoma (type MCF7) cells using fluorescence microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faeze Khakbaz
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohamad Mahani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
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7
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Farran B, Pavitra E, Kasa P, Peela S, Rama Raju GS, Nagaraju GP. Folate-targeted immunotherapies: Passive and active strategies for cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 45:45-52. [PMID: 30770191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The glycoprotein FRα is a membrane-attached transport protein that is shielded from the immune system in healthy cells. However, it is upregulated in various malignancies, involved in cancer development and is also immunogenic. Furthermore, FRα is a tumor-associated antigen endowed with unique properties, thus rendering it a suitable target for immunotherapeutic development in cancer. Various anti- FRα immunotherapeutic strategies are thus currently being developed and clinically assessed for the treatment of various solid tumors. These approaches include passive anti-FRα immunotherapies, such as monoclonal antibodies, or active immunotherapies, such as CART, folate haptens and vaccines. In this review, we will explore the advances in the field of FRα-based immune therapies and discuss both their successes and shortcomings in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Farran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eluri Pavitra
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Prameswari Kasa
- Dr. LV Prasad Diagnostics and Research Laboratory, Khairtabad, Hyderabad, 500004, India
| | - Sujatha Peela
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, 532410, India
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a new therapeutical approach where radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against tumor-associated antigens are administered to treat tumor lesions. Ovarian cancer is one of the most promising fields for RIT. This paper gives an overview of some biodistribution studies in animal models and in patients with radiolabeled anti-ovarian cancer MAbs, and defines the main criteria which should be considered to plan a clinical trial of RIT in ovarian cancer. As regards the clinical results, the published outcome of various trials and the experience of the National Cancer Institute of Milan are summarized. Even if the number of patients involved in these clinical studies of RIT is too small to provide conclusive indications about its role in the management of ovarian cancer, the preliminary results from qualified groups show its potential in this disease despite the current problems that limit clinical application (above all, the instability of the radiolabeled linkage, the immunogenicity of murine antibodies, the poor absolute tumor radiolabel uptake and the bone marrow toxicity).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Crippa
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
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9
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Cheung A, Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Ilieva KM, Pellizzari G, Opzoomer J, Bloomfield J, Fittall M, Grigoriadis A, Figini M, Canevari S, Spicer JF, Tutt AN, Karagiannis SN. Targeting folate receptor alpha for cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52553-52574. [PMID: 27248175 PMCID: PMC5239573 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Promising targeted treatments and immunotherapy strategies in oncology and advancements in our understanding of molecular pathways that underpin cancer development have reignited interest in the tumor-associated antigen Folate Receptor alpha (FRα). FRα is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein. Its overexpression in tumors such as ovarian, breast and lung cancers, low and restricted distribution in normal tissues, alongside emerging insights into tumor-promoting functions and association of expression with patient prognosis, together render FRα an attractive therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the role of FRα in cancer development, we consider FRα as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool, and we discuss different targeted treatment approaches with a specific focus on monoclonal antibodies. Renewed attention to FRα may point to novel individualized treatment approaches to improve the clinical management of patient groups that do not adequately benefit from current conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Opzoomer
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacinta Bloomfield
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Fittall
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - James F Spicer
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Abedi SM, Mardanshahi A, Shahhosseini R, Hosseinimehr SJ. Nuclear medicine for imaging of epithelial ovarian cancer. Future Oncol 2016; 12:1165-77. [PMID: 26984362 DOI: 10.2217/fon.16.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Usually, the diagnosis of cancer at an early stage is important to facilitate proper treatment and survival. Nuclear medicine has been successfully used in the diagnosis, staging, therapy and monitoring of cancers. Single-photon emission computed tomography and PET-based companion imaging agents are in development for use as a companion diagnostic tool for patients with ovarian cancer. The present review discusses the basic and clinical studies related to the use of radiopharmaceuticals in the diagnosis and management of ovarian cancer, focusing on their utility and comparing them with other imaging techniques such as computed tomography and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Abedi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Mardanshahi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Roza Shahhosseini
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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11
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Karagiannis SN, Josephs DH, Karagiannis P, Gilbert AE, Saul L, Rudman SM, Dodev T, Koers A, Blower PJ, Corrigan C, Beavil AJ, Spicer JF, Nestle FO, Gould HJ. Recombinant IgE antibodies for passive immunotherapy of solid tumours: from concept towards clinical application. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1547-64. [PMID: 22139135 PMCID: PMC11028906 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies have revolutionised treatment of some cancers and improved prognosis for many patients. Over half of those available are approved for haematological malignancies, but efficacious antibodies for solid tumours are still urgently needed. Clinically available antibodies belong to the IgG class, the most prevalent antibody class in human blood, while other classes have not been extensively considered. We hypothesised that the unique properties of IgE, a class of tissue-resident antibodies commonly associated with allergies, which can trigger powerful immune responses through strong affinity for their particular receptors on effector cells, could be employed for passive immunotherapy of solid tumours such as ovarian and breast carcinomas. Our laboratory has examined this concept by evaluating two chimaeric antibodies of the same specificity (MOv18) but different isotype, an IgG1 and an IgE against the tumour antigen folate receptor α (FRα). The latter demonstrates the potency of IgE to mount superior immune responses against tumours in disease-relevant models. We identified Fcε receptor-expressing cells, monocytes/macrophages and eosinophils, activated by MOv18 IgE to kill tumour cells by mechanisms such as ADCC and ADCP. We also applied this notion to a marketed therapeutic, the humanised IgG1 antibody trastuzumab and engineered an IgE counterpart, which retained the functions of trastuzumab in restricting proliferation of HER2/neu-expressing tumour cells but also activated effector cells to kill tumour cells by different mechanisms. On-going efficacy, safety evaluations and future first-in-man clinical studies of IgE therapeutics constitute key metrics for this concept, providing new scope for antibody immunotherapies for solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N Karagiannis
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK.
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12
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Satpati D, Mukherjee A, Venkatesh M, Banerjee S. Radiosynthesis and in vitro evaluation of 99mTc(CO)3-labeled folic acid derivative. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Zacchetti A, Coliva A, Luison E, Seregni E, Bombardieri E, Giussani A, Figini M, Canevari S. 177Lu- labeled MOv18 as compared to 131I- or 90Y-labeled MOv18 has the better therapeutic effect in eradication of alpha folate receptor-expressing tumor xenografts. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 36:759-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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14
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Guo W, Lee T, Sudimack J, Lee RJ. Receptor-Specific Delivery of Liposomes Via Folate-Peg-Chol. J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982100009029385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Koppe MJ, Postema EJ, Aarts F, Oyen WJG, Bleichrodt RP, Boerman OC. Antibody-guided radiation therapy of cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2006; 24:539-67. [PMID: 16408161 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-005-6195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against tumor-associated antigens has evolved from an appealing concept to one of the standard treatment options for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Inefficient localization of radiolabeled MAbs to nonhematological cancers due to various tumor-related factors, however, has refrained RIT from outgrowing the experimental stage in solid tumors. Still, small volume or minimal residual disease has been recognized as a potentially suitable target for radiolabeled antibodies. Several strategies are being explored aimed at improving the targeting of radiolabeled MAbs to solid tumors thus improving their therapeutic efficacy. In this review, a historical overview of the application of RIT is given and various aspects of the application of radiolabeled MAbs as anti-cancer agents are discussed. Finally, the clinical results of RIT of NHL, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and renal cell cancer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Koppe
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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16
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Coliva A, Zacchetti A, Luison E, Tomassetti A, Bongarzone I, Seregni E, Bombardieri E, Martin F, Giussani A, Figini M, Canevari S. 90Y Labeling of monoclonal antibody MOv18 and preclinical validation for radioimmunotherapy of human ovarian carcinomas. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2005; 54:1200-13. [PMID: 15926078 PMCID: PMC11034239 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2004] [Accepted: 02/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody (mAb) MOv18 binds the membrane alpha isoform of the folate receptor (FR) which is overexpressed in human ovarian carcinoma cells. Exploiting the targeting capacity of this mAb, we developed and preclinically validated a protocol for the stable labeling of the mAb with 90Y, an isotope which has shown promise in cancer radioimmunotherapy. MOv18 was derivatized with the stable macrocyclic ligand p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10- tetraacetic acid (Bz-DOTA). MOv18-Bz-DOTA conjugates were labeled with 90Y or 111In under metal-free and good laboratory practice conditions. At the optimal Bz-DOTA/mAb derivatization ratio of 4-5, conjugates maintained binding activity up to 6 months, were efficiently labeled with 90Y or 111In (mean labeling yield 85 and 64%, associated to a final mean specific activity of 74 and 37 MBq/mg) and displayed a mean immunoreactivity of 60 and 58%, respectively. The radiolabeled preparations were stable in human serum, with >97% radioactivity associated to mAb at 48 h after labeling. The ability of 90Y- and 111In-MOv18 to localize FR on tumors in vivo was analyzed in nude mice bearing tumors induced by isogenic cell lines differing only in the presence or absence of the relevant antigen [A431FR (FR-positive) and A431tMock (FR-negative)]. In vivo biodistribution in organs other than tumor was comparable in non-tumor-, A431tMock- and A431FR-bearing mice, whereas the median tumor uptake of the radiolabeled reagents, expressed as area under the curve (AUC) and maximum uptake (Umax), was significantly higher (sixfold to sevenfold) in A431FR than in A431tMock tumors (P=0.0465 and P=0.0332, respectively). Mean maximum uptake (% ID/g) for 90Y-MOv18 was 53.7 and 7.4 in A431FR and A431tMock respectively; corresponding values for 111In-Mov18 were 45.0 and 11.3. These data demonstrate the feasibility of 90Y-labeling of MOv18 without compromising antibody binding ability and the immunoreagent-specific localization in vivo on FR-expressing tumors, suggesting the suitability of 90Y-MOv18 for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Coliva
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Zacchetti
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Luison
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonella Tomassetti
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Italia Bongarzone
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Growth and Progression, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ettore Seregni
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Bombardieri
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Augusto Giussani
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
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17
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Jhaveri MS, Rait AS, Chung KN, Trepel JB, Chang EH. Antisense oligonucleotides targeted to the human α folate receptor inhibit breast cancer cell growth and sensitize the cells to doxorubicin treatment. Mol Cancer Ther 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.1505.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Folates are essential for cell survival and are required for numerous biochemical processes. The human α isoform folate receptor (αhFR) has a very high affinity for folic acid and is considered an essential component in the cellular accumulation of folates and folate analogues used in chemotherapy. The expression of αhFR is not detected inmost normal tissues. In contrast, high levels of the expression of αhFR have been reported in a variety of cancer cells. The significance of αhFR overexpression in malignant tissues has not been elucidated, but it is possible that it promotes cell proliferation not only by mediating folate uptake but also by generating other regulatory signals. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate αhFR as a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer. Initial studies were done in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (KB) cells, which express high levels of αhFR. In KB cells, antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) complementary to the αhFR gene sequences were found to reduce newly synthesized αhFR protein up to 60%. To examine the effect of αhFR antisense ODNs in a panel of cultured human breast cancer cell lines, we used a tumor cell–targeted, transferrin-liposome–mediated delivery system. The data show that αhFR antisense ODNs induced a dose-dependent decrease in cell survival. Finally, we determined that αhFR antisense ODNs sensitized MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells by 5-fold to treatment with doxorubicin. The data support the application of αhFR antisense ODNs as a potential anticancer agent in combination with doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S. Jhaveri
- 1Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Antonina S. Rait
- 1Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Koong-Nah Chung
- 2Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Jane B. Trepel
- 3Medical Oncology Clinical Research Unit, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Esther H. Chang
- 1Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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18
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Ke CY, Mathias CJ, Green MA. The folate receptor as a molecular target for tumor-selective radionuclide delivery. Nucl Med Biol 2003; 30:811-7. [PMID: 14698784 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(03)00117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cell-membrane folate receptor is a potential molecular target for tumor-selective drug delivery, including radiolabeled folate-chelate conjugates for diagnostic imaging. We review here some background on the folate receptor as tumor-associated molecular target for drug delivery, and briefly survey the literature on tumor-targeting with radiolabeled folate-chelate conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Ke
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West, Lafayette, IN 47907-2091, USA
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19
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Abstract
The use of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) has significantly improved the ability to detect tumor antigens, thus improving in vivo tumor diagnosis and treatment. The management of ovarian carcinoma still poses a challenging medical problem. Clinical trials using radioimmunoscintigraphy or a hand-held gamma detection probe intraoperatively were performed in patients with clinical evidence of primary or recurrent ovarian cancer. Immunoscintigraphy of ovarian cancer lesions has been performed mainly with 99mTc, 111In and 123I labeled with HMFG1, HMFG2, OC-125, B72.3, H17E2, OVTL3, MoAb170, Mov18 and other MoAbs. Antibody guided imaging using radioimmunoscintigraphy has demonstrated improved targeting of ovarian cancer, resulting in a highly sensitive and specific method. However, it is not yet known which type of MoAb is the most efficient for radioimmunoscintigraphy. Since these tumors represent a potentially curable disease, radioimmunoscintigraphy could contribute mainly to accurate staging as a supplementary to conventional diagnostic methods, as well as for the localization of active disease after chemotherapy and monitoring for the presence of recurrent disease. Nevertheless, prospective studies in a large number of patients should be undertaken in order to further evaluate the diagnostic contribution of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Kalofonos
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, Greece.
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20
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van Zanten-Przybysz I, Molthoff CF, Roos JC, Verheijen RH, van Hof A, Buist MR, Prinssen HM, den Hollander W, Kenemans P. Influence of the route of administration on targeting of ovarian cancer with the chimeric monoclonal antibody MOv18: i.v.vs. i.p. Int J Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(200102)9999:9999<::aid-ijc1145>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Abstract
The folate receptor is a highly selective tumor marker overexpressed in greater than 90% of ovarian carcinomas. Two general strategies have been developed for the targeted delivery of drugs to folate receptor-positive tumor cells: by coupling to a monoclonal antibody against the receptor and by coupling to a high affinity ligand, folic acid. First, antibodies against the folate receptor, including their fragments and derivatives, have been evaluated for tumor imaging and immunotherapy clinically and have shown significant targeting efficacy in ovarian cancer patients. Folic acid, a high affinity ligand of the folate receptor, retains its receptor binding properties when derivatized via its gamma-carboxyl. Folate conjugation, therefore, presents an alternative method of targeting the folate receptor. This second strategy has been successfully applied in vitro for the receptor-specific delivery of protein toxins, anti-T-cell receptor antibodies, interleukin-2, chemotherapy agents, gamma-emitting radiopharmaceuticals, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, liposomal drug carriers, and gene transfer vectors. Low molecular weight radiopharmaceuticals based on folate conjugates showed much more favorable pharmacokinetic properties than radiolabeled antibodies and greater tumor selectivity in folate receptor-positive animal tumor models. The small size, convenient availability, simple conjugation chemistry, and presumed lack of immunogenicity of folic acid make it an ideal ligand for targeted delivery to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sudimack
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Rm 542 LM Parks Hall, 500 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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22
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Magnani P, Fazio F, Grana C, Songini C, Frigerio L, Pecorelli S, Mangili G, Colombo N, Mariani CD, Paganelli G. Diagnosis of persistent ovarian carcinoma with three-step immunoscintigraphy. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:616-20. [PMID: 10682674 PMCID: PMC2363313 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of recurrent ovarian carcinoma is usually determined at surgical re-exploration since the main non-invasive diagnostic tests have low accuracy. It would be desirable to have a high accuracy non-invasive diagnostic procedure. With this aim, we have assessed the utility of three-step immunoscintigraphy. Thirty patients were intravenously injected with biotinylated monoclonal antibodies MOv18 and B72.3, followed by avidin-streptavidin injection and finally by 111In-biotin. Tumour recurrences were imaged 2 h post radioactivity injection. All patients underwent surgical re-exploration 3-4 days after immunoscintigraphy; the presence of tumour in the area of immunoscintigraphic uptake was evaluated in the biopsied material. Twenty-one patients studied were true-positive, five were true-negative, four were false-positive and none was false-negative. The diagnostic accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 87%, 84% and 100% respectively. If these findings are confirmed in a larger number of patients, we expect immunoscintigraphy to be introduced as a cost-effective procedure in the follow-up of patients who have received surgery for ovarian carcinoma, since it promises to reliably identify patients who do not require surgical re-exploration, and guide biopsies when they are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Magnani
- INB-CNR, Institute H. S. Raffaele, University of Milan, Italy
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23
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Guo W, Lee RJ. Receptor-targeted gene delivery via folate-conjugated polyethylenimine. AAPS PHARMSCI 1999; 1:E19. [PMID: 11741215 PMCID: PMC2751349 DOI: 10.1208/ps010419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic gene transfer vector was evaluated for tumor cell-specific targeted gene delivery. The folate receptor is a tumor marker overexpressed in more than 90% of ovarian carcinomas and large percentages of other human tumors. Folic acid is a high affinity ligand for the folate receptor that retains its binding affinity upon derivatization via its gamma carboxyl. Folate conjugation, therefore, presents a potential strategy for tumor-selective targeted gene delivery. In the current study, we investigated a series of folate conjugates of the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) for potential use in gene delivery. A plasmid containing a luciferase reporter gene (pCMV-Luc) and the folate receptor expressing human oral cancer KB cells were used to monitor gene transfer efficiency in vitro. Transfection activity of polyplexes containing unmodified polyethylenimine was highly dependent on the positive to negative charge (or the N/P) ratio. Folate directly attached to PEI did not significantly alter the transfection activity of its DNA complexes compared to unmodified PEI. Modification of PEI by polyethyleneglycol (PEG) led to a partial inhibition of gene delivery compared to unmodified PEI. Attaching folates to the distal termini of PEG-modified PEI greatly enhanced the transfection activity of the corresponding DNA complexes over the polyplexes containing PEG-modified PEI. The enhancements were observed at all N/P ratios tested and could be blocked partially by co-incubation with 200 microM free folic acid, which suggested the involvement of folate receptor in gene transfer. Targeted vectors based on the folate-PEG-PEI conjugate are potentially useful as simple tumor-specific vehicles of therapeutic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, 43210 Columbus, OH
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, 43210 Columbus, OH
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24
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Alexander C, Villena-Heinsen CE, Schaefer A, Toth L, Schmidt W, Kirsch CM. Monoclonal antibody MAb-170 for immunoscintigraphic detection of ovarian tumors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181:513-7. [PMID: 10486456 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The technetium Tc 99m-labeled monoclonal antibody MAb-170 was designed for diagnostic use in patients with gynecologic adenocarcinoma. Our investigation was initiated to verify its usefulness for radioimmunoscintigraphy of ovarian tumors. STUDY DESIGN Most of the 82 patients participating in this study underwent immunoscintigraphy before first-look surgery. RESULTS Radioimmunoscintigraphy recognized 36 of 41 patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovaries, corresponding to an overall sensitivity of 88%. Specificity was 90% (38/42). The calculation of accuracy gave a result of 89% (74/83). Of 110 known lesions, 92 were visualized successfully; thus the local-regional sensitivity was 84%. Of 160 benign tumor sites, 154 showed no evidence of tracer accumulation, corresponding to a local-regional specificity of 96%. The smallest lesion visualized was an adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri with a diameter of 1.5 cm. CONCLUSION The monoclonal antibody MAb-170 is a promising radiopharmaceutical for immunoscintigraphy of ovarian adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alexander
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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25
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Gruner BA, Weitman SD. The folate receptor as a potential therapeutic anticancer target. Invest New Drugs 1999; 16:205-19. [PMID: 10360600 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006147932159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B A Gruner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7810, USA
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26
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Hassan R, Wu C, Brechbiel MW, Margulies I, Kreitman RJ, Pastan I. 111Indium-labeled monoclonal antibody K1: biodistribution study in nude mice bearing a human carcinoma xenograft expressing mesothelin. Int J Cancer 1999; 80:559-63. [PMID: 9935157 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990209)80:4<559::aid-ijc13>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody (MAb) K1 is a murine IgG1 that recognizes mesothelin, a differentiation antigen present on mesothelium which is highly expressed on cancers derived from mesothelium, including most ovarian cancers and epithelioid mesotheliomas. MAb K1 was conjugated to 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-cyclohexyl- diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and labeled with 111In. The biodistribution of 111In-K1 was studied in athymic nude mice bearing 2 s.c. tumors, one expressing a stably transfected plasmid encoding mesothelin and one composed of the parental untransfected A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells which do not express mesothelin. Tumor-bearing mice were given an i.v. injection of 111In-K1 and killed at different time points to determine the uptake of radiolabeled antibody. Significantly higher uptake was seen in antigen-positive tumors at all time points, with peak values at 72 hr (52.9% vs. 8% of the injected dose/g tissue for antigen-positive and antigen-negative tumors, respectively). Uptake in antigen-positive tumors was higher than the blood level at all time points, and the tumors contained a high level of the radiolabeled MAb even at 7 days (28.6% of the injected dose/g tumor).
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- GPI-Linked Proteins
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/isolation & purification
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Indium Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mesothelin
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Tissue Distribution
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hassan
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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27
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Ilgan S, Yang DJ, Higuchi T, Zareneyrizi F, Bayhan H, Yu D, Kim EE, Podoloff DA. 99mTc-ethylenedicysteine-folate: a new tumor imaging agent. Synthesis, labeling and evaluation in animals. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 1998; 13:427-35. [PMID: 10851435 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.1998.13.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that membrane folic acid receptors are responsible for cellular accumulation of folate and folate analogs such as methotrexate and overexpressed on various tumor cells. However, these receptors are highly restricted in normal differentiated tissues. Results of limited in vitro and in vivo animal studies suggest that folate receptors could be a potential target for tumor imaging. This study aimed to develop a 99mTc-labeled folic acid using ethylenedicysteine (EC) as a chelator and evaluate its labeling efficiency and potential use as a tumor seeking agent. Tissue distribution of 99mTc-EC-folate was determined in breast tumor-bearing rats at 20 min, 1, 2, and 4 h (n = 3/time interval, 370 KBq/rat, i.v.). Blocking study was employed to determine receptor-mediated process; 99mTc-EC-folate was co-administrated with 50 and 150 mumol/kg of cold folic acid to tumor-bearing rats. Planar imaging and whole-body autoradiograms were performed. The data was compared to that using 99mTc-EC (control). In animal studies, tumor/blood count density ratios at 20 min-4 h increased from 0.81 +/- 0.09 to 1.23 +/- 0.13 with 99mTc-EC-folate. Conversely, these values showed time-dependent decrease from 0.77 +/- 0.32 to 0.65 +/- 0.01 with 99mTc-EC in the same time period. Tumor/muscle and tumor/blood count density ratios significantly decreased with folic acid co-administrations. Planar images and autoradiograms confirmed that the tumors could be visualized clearly with 99mTc-EC-folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ilgan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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28
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Gynaecological cancer. Clin Nucl Med 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-3356-0_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Welshinger M, Yin BW, Lloyd KO. Initial immunochemical characterization of MX35 ovarian cancer antigen. Gynecol Oncol 1997; 67:188-92. [PMID: 9367706 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1997.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) MX35 reacts with approximately 90% of ovarian epithelial cancers and has been studied in localization and biodistribution trials in ovarian cancer patients. This study shows that mAb MX35 recognizes a cell surface antigen of about 95,000 D on OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells. The antigen could be immunoprecipitated from lysates of cells metabolically labeled with [3H]glucosamine and it bound to concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin lectins, showing that it is a glycoprotein. MX35 antigen can also be detected in detergent lysates of OVCAR-3 cells by Western blotting. Using this technique the MX35 epitope(s) was shown to be heat stable but susceptible to reduction by 2-mercaptoethanol. Protease digestion of the antigen resulted in smaller fragments (42-52 kDa) that still reacted with antibody. We conclude that MX35 antigen is a 95 kDa glycoprotein, stabilized by disulfide bonds, with a large protease-resistant region that carries the MX35 epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Welshinger
- Gynecology Service and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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30
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Stoldt HS, Aftab F, Chinol M, Paganelli G, Luca F, Testori A, Geraghty JG. Pretargeting strategies for radio-immunoguided tumour localisation and therapy. Eur J Cancer 1997; 33:186-92. [PMID: 9135486 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(96)00477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The selective recognition of tumour cells by monoclonal antibodies, labelled with radioactive isotopes, for use in diagnosis and treatment, forms the basis of immunoscintigraphy, radio-immunoguided surgery and radio-immunotherapy. Research into the application of these systems has encountered multiple difficulties, most notably a low tumour to non-tumour ratio of radioactivity. The development of pretargeting systems, separating the individual steps of tumour cell targeting and the introduction of the radioactive label, have led to significant increments in tumour to non-tumour ratios and an improvement in diagnostic accuracy. Before pretargeting strategies are applied clinically, a thorough understanding of these systems is required and forms the backbone of this report. Clinical examples of early trials have already confirmed many of the theoretical advantages of pretargeting systems and new protocols are already being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Stoldt
- Department of General Surgical Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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31
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Sakahara H, Hosono M, Kobayashi H, Yao Z, Saga T, Yano S, Endo K, Mori T, Konishi J. Effect of circulating antigen on immunoscintigraphy of ovarian cancer patients using anti-CA125 monoclonal antibody. Jpn J Cancer Res 1996; 87:655-61. [PMID: 8766531 PMCID: PMC5921138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1996.tb00273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) 145-9 recognizes an epitope present on CA125 but different from the epitope defined by the mAb OC125. To evaluate the clinical usefulness of the 145-9 antibody, immunoscintigraphy was performed in ovarian cancer patients and the effect of circulating CA125 on tumor imaging was investigated. Two milligrams (74 MBq) of 111In-labeled 145-9 was injected intravenously into 11 patients with ovarian cancer. Pre-injection serum CA125 concentrations were between 166 U/ml and 7414 U/ml. Tumors were visualized in 10 of 11 patients. In two patients, lymph nodes that were not detected by other imaging modalities but were clinically suspected as metastases were visualized. There was no correlation between serum CA125 level and antibody uptake in the tumors. Immune complexes between the antibody and circulating antigen were observed in sera of all the patients, but the fraction of radioactivity in complex form did not correlate well with serum CA125 levels. The immune complexes survived in the circulation and the circulating radiolabel, including immune complexes, was still bound to solid-phase CA125. The plasma clearance rate and hepatic uptake of the antibody were not significantly affected by circulating CA125. In conclusion, the antibody 145-9 formed complexes with CA125 in vivo but this did not Compromise the outcome of antibody imaging. The antibody 145-9 can be used in immunoscintigraphy of ovarian cancer irrespective of serum CA125 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sakahara
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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32
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Abstract
One of the subtle differences between the cancer cell surface and the normal cell is exploited by immunoscintigraphy. The clinical role and some technical aspects of imaging cancer with radiolabelled antibodies are reviewed. 99mTc is the best radiolabel for immunoscintigraphy. Specificity is added to the general sensitivity of nuclear medicine techniques by this approach to imaging cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Britton
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, England
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33
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Alexander C, Villena-Heinsen CE, Trampert L, Lung-Kurt S, Oberhausen E, Kirsch CM, Schmidt W. Radioimmunoscintigraphy of ovarian tumours with technetium-99m labelled monoclonal antibody-170: first clinical experiences. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE 1995; 22:645-51. [PMID: 7498226 DOI: 10.1007/bf01254566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The recently developed technetium-99m-labelled monoclonal antibody-170 (MAb-170) was designed for diagnostic use in patients suffering from gynaecological adenocarcinoma. Following in vitro studies which showed immunoreactivity of this antibody to more than 90% of human adenocarcinomas, the present investigation was initiated to verify its usefulness for radioimmunoscintigraphy of ovarian tumours. Most of the 30 patients participating in this study underwent immunoscintigraphy prior to first-look surgery. Biokinetic evaluation in two patients showed a plasma half-time of 18.9 h (mean value, n = 2, r = 0.98) and a biexponential total body curve with values of 7.7 h and 17 days (r = 0.98). The mean 24-h urinary excretion was 12% of the injected dose. Radioimmunoscintigraphy using the MAb-170 recognised 12 of 13 cases of adenocarcinoma of the ovaries, corresponding to an overall sensitivity of 92.3%. Specificity was 94.1% (16/17). The calculation of accuracy yielded a figure of 93.3% (28/30). Of 33 known lesions, 26 were visualised successfully; thus the locoregional sensitivity was 78.8%. Of 29 benign tumour sites, 28 showed no evidence of tracer accumulation, corresponding to a locoregional specificity of 96.6%. The smallest lesion visualised was an adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri with a diameter of 1.5 cm. Technetium-99m labelled MAb-170 is a promising new radiopharmaceutical for immunoscintigraphy of ovarian adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alexander
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
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34
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Casalini P, Mezzanzanica D, Valota O, Adobati E, Tomassetti A, Colnaghi MI, Canevari S. Unidirectional potentiation of binding between two anti-FBP MAbs: evaluation of the involved mechanisms. J Cell Biochem 1995; 58:47-55. [PMID: 7642722 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240580107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody MOv19 directed to a folate binding protein shows temperature-dependent potentiation of binding of the noncompeting monoclonal antibody MOv18 to the relevant antigen, but the mechanism involved in this phenomenon had remained unclear. Use of chimeric versions of both monoclonal antibodies and the F(ab')2 and Fab fragments of MOv19 revealed an increment in MOv18 binding in all combinations irrespective of the origin of the Fc portion of the monoclonal antibody. The potentiating effect of bivalent MOv19 fragments on 125I-MOv18 binding was similar to that of the entire monoclonal antibody and occurred at saturating concentrations of both reagents at which monovalent binding prevails. Similarly, the monovalent fragment also induced a significant increase in MOv18 binding. However, the potentiation occurred only at very high concentrations of antibody fragment. Homologous inhibition was drastically reduced using MOv19 Fab fragment, suggesting a low binding stability of the monovalent reagent. Immunoblotting analysis and binding in the presence of exogenous purified folate binding protein indicated a cross-linking between soluble and cell surface molecules mediated by the bivalent monoclonal antibodies. The extent of the increase in MOv18 binding at 0 degrees C with high amounts of exogenous folate binding protein was lower than that obtained at 37 degrees C in the absence of added molecule. Release of 125I-MOv18 from the cell surface was significantly higher in the absence of MOv19 than in its presence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P Casalini
- Division of Experimental Oncology E, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
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35
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Abstract
Immunoscintigraphy offers the possibility of specifically targeting human tumors, but the complexity of the human immune system, as well as tumor-related phenomena, prevent monoclonal antibodies from reaching a large number of tumor cells in which they can interact with the antigen. Possible ways to overcome these problems are the use of small fragments, in particular those of genetically engineered humanized antibodies including single immunoglobulin-variable domains, as well as techniques to label the antibody in vivo after a sufficient amount has been taken up by the tumor and the remainder has been eliminated. Despite the low absolute tumor uptake, results of European studies, presently available radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies in gastrointestinal and ovarian cancers yield an average sensitivity of more than 70% with an average specificity of more than 80%, even in otherwise occult tumors. Because of possible tracer uptake in normal liver, the detection rate of liver metastases varies from less than 10% to more than 90%. For the detection of local recurrence in the pelvis, immunoscintigraphy has been found to be more accurate than methods that are based on the imaging of structural changes. Fusion of morphological and functional images might improve the early detection of recurrent and metastatic disease. In melanoma, another tumor that has been extensively studied in Europe, similar results have been obtained, whereas only few data are presently available for other tumors (especially lung and breast cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bischof Delaloye
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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36
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Crippa F, Bolis G, Seregni E, Gavoni N, Scarfone G, Ferraris C, Buraggi GL, Bombardieri E. Single-dose intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy with the murine monoclonal antibody I-131 MOv18: clinical results in patients with minimal residual disease of ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer 1995; 31A:686-90. [PMID: 7640039 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(94)00454-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen of 19 enrolled patients with minimal residual disease of ovarian cancer (macroscopic disease < 5 mm or positive blind biopsies and/or positive peritoneal washing), demonstrated by surgical second-look, underwent intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with the radiolabelled monoclonal antibody I-131 MOv18 (mean dose 14 mg of MOv18 with 3700 GBq of I-131) 30-40 days after the second-look procedure. Clinical follow-up and/or third-look evaluation performed 90 days after RIT showed complete response (CR) in 5 patients, no change (NC) in 6 patients and progressive disease (PD) in 5 patients. Follow-up study showed long-term maintained CR in 1 patient (34 months) and relapses in the other 4 patients after a mean disease-free period of 10.5 months. 5 NC patients showed clinical or instrumental progression after a mean disease-free period of 13 months. The toxicity of RIT was negligible. Only 1 patient showed mild and transient bone marrow suppression (platelet count nadir 52,000 mm3 after 30 days). HAMA production was demonstrated in 94% (15/16) of patients. In conclusion, RIT appears to be a very promising therapeutic approach to treat minimal residual disease of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Crippa
- Divisione di Medicina Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
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37
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Mantovani LT, Miotti S, Ménard S, Canevari S, Raspagliesi F, Bottini C, Bottero F, Colnaghi MI. Folate binding protein distribution in normal tissues and biological fluids from ovarian carcinoma patients as detected by the monoclonal antibodies MOv18 and MOv19. Eur J Cancer 1994; 30A:363-9. [PMID: 8204360 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(94)90257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Folate-binding proteins (FBP), which are molecules relevant in folate metabolism, are overexpressed in ovarian carcinomas, as detected by the monoclonal antibodies (MAb) MOv18 and MOv19, which recognise two different epitopes of the gp38/FBP. In this paper, features of the FBP such as the distribution on normal tissues and the release in biological fluids of normal and tumour origin have been investigated. Immunohistochemical analyses on frozen sections of normal tissues showed the presence of the gp38/FBP on some epithelia. The reactivity of both the MAb on Fallopian tubes was intense and comparable to that observed on ovary carcinoma sections. The kidney, bronchial glands, alveolar epithelium of the lung, oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, breast and thyroid showed different levels of staining. By MOv18/MOv19 double-determinant immunoradiometric assay (DDIRMA), the gp38/FBP was found in soluble form in ascitic fluid, serum and urine of nude mice in which the human ovary carcinoma cell line IGROV1 grew as ascitic carcinomatosis. In human biological fluids, the gp38/FBP was detected in ascites of 60% of ovarian carcinoma patients, and in 29% of those with other carcinomas, but not in patients with non-epithelial tumours or with other non-tumoral pathologies. The mean serum arbitrary units (a.u.)/ml values of ovary carcinoma patients were significantly different to those of healthy donors or patients with endometriosis (P < 0.005 and P < 0.01, respectively), but not when compared to the sera of lung carcinoma patients. In addition, the sensitivity of DDIRMA was poor, since only 24% of the ovary carcinoma patients were positive with this assay. When a restricted number of cases selected for the presence of tumour cells in the ascites was examined, the percentage of DDIRMA-positive sera and ascites rose to 41 and 94%, respectively. In the urine, a strong reactivity was observed in the samples of both normal and tumour origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Mantovani
- Department of Experimental Oncology E, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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38
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Canevari S, Miotti S, Bottero F, Valota O, Colnaghi MI. Ovarian carcinoma therapy with monoclonal antibodies. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1993; 12:501-7. [PMID: 8300122 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1993.12.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Canevari
- Experimental Oncology E, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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39
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van Ravenswaay Claasen HH, van de Griend RJ, Mezzanzanica D, Bolhuis RL, Warnaar SO, Fleuren GJ. Analysis of production, purification, and cytolytic potential of bi-specific antibodies reactive with ovarian-carcinoma-associated antigens and the T-cell antigen CD3. Int J Cancer 1993; 55:128-36. [PMID: 8344744 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910550123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OV-TL3 and MOv 18 MAbs, due to their restricted specificity, have been successfully used to visualize ovarian cancer in patients and might therefore be used to develop therapies for ovarian cancer. The bi-specific MAbs alpha T3/OC2 and alpha OC/TR (both being combinations of MOv18 and alpha CD3) have been shown to lyse ovarian tumor cells in vitro. To evaluate the relative merits of MOv18/CD3 and OV-TL 3/CD3, the present study was undertaken in which the bi-specific MAbs alpha T3/OC2 and alpha OC/TR, and a newly developed bi-specific MAb, OV-TL 3/CD3, were highly purified and compared for specificity, stability, purification and cytolytic potential. The dual specificity of the hybrid-hybridoma supernatants was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and by testing bi-specific MAb-mediated cytotoxicity against relevant target cells in the presence of effector cells. Stability testing of bi-specific MAb-producing hybridomas showed that, after sub-cloning, clones stably produced up to 40% bi-specific MAb even after prolonged in vitro culture. The purification of the bi-specific fractions was performed with protein A and by ion-exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography, depending on the sub-class combination of the bi-specific MAb. The purified bi-specific MAbs were tested for their ability to mediate target-cell lysis with the use of cytotoxic T-cell clones and activated peripheral-blood lymphocytes. The purified alpha T3/OC2, alpha OC/TR, and OV-TL3/CD3 were all able to mediate highly specific lysis of various ovarian-carcinoma cell lines. No correlation was found between the level of antigen expression and bi-specific MAb-mediated cytolysis.
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40
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Granowska M, Britton KE, Mather SJ, Lowe DG, Ellison D, Bomanji J, Burchell J, Taylor-Papadimitriou J, Hudson CR, Shepherd JH. Radioimmunoscintigraphy with technetium-99m-labelled monoclonal antibody, SM3, in gynaecological cancer. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE 1993; 20:483-9. [PMID: 8339731 DOI: 10.1007/bf00175160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) with technetium-99m labelled SM3, a monoclonal antibody reacting with a polymorphic epithelial mucin glycoprotein core antigen, is evaluated. No adverse effects or thyroid uptake were observed. Studies in 45 patients (one twice) had a sensitivity for gynaecological malignancy of 100% (35/35) and a specificity of 73% (8/11), giving an overall accuracy of 93% (43/46). These results have led to the routine adoption of 99mTc RIS in the management of patients suspected of or having primary or recurrent gynaecological cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Granowska
- Nuclear Medicine Department, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
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41
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Abstract
Radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS)--using radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to image disease--is a growing subspecialty of nuclear medicine. RIS of the reproductive tracts of men and women has shown encouraging results in imaging both primary lesions and metastases of these cancers. Ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecologic cancer in the United States, and prostate cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in men. Several MoAbs against reproductive tumor antigens were used with limited success in clinical trials before 1989. Most recently, MoAbs CYT-103 (satumomab pendetide) and OV-TL 3 have shown promise as safe, sensitive imaging tools for ovarian cancer. Although to date more agents have been used to image ovarian carcinoma than prostate cancer, research has been restimulated in prostate carcinoma imaging because of development of a promising MoAb conjugate, CYT-356. Radionuclide indium-111 appears to be the most promising radiolabeled to date for ovarian and prostate carcinoma RIS performed in the United States. In future clinical trials, consideration of safety issues and a standardization of methods among institutions using RIS are needed before the use of MoAb technology in cancer imaging will become routine. Comparative studies with more traditional methods like computed tomography are needed, as well as more trials comparing radioimmunoscintigraphic findings with pathological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Neal
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Medical Center, Springfield, IL 62781
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42
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Sundin A, Ahlström H, Carlsson L, Graf W, Glimelius B, Carlsson J. Radioimmunolocalization of hepatic metastases and subcutaneous xenografts from a human colonic cancer in the nude rat. Aspects of tumour implantation site and mode of antibody administration. Acta Oncol 1993; 32:877-85. [PMID: 8305240 DOI: 10.3109/02841869309096150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Antibody localization was analyzed following intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intravenous (i.v.) injection of the 125I-labelled anti-CEA-MAb I-38S1 in 44 nude rats, in order to evaluate the influence of tumour implantation site and the route of MAb administration. The animals were xenografted with a human colonic cancer (LS 174 T), either in the form of hepatic metastases, subcutaneous (s.c.) tumours or both. Tissue measurements, 4 days after MAb injection, showed better uptake for hepatic than for s.c. tumours, irrespective of the route of antibody administration. Antibody accumulation per g liver metastases was not size dependent for noduli weighing between 4 and 1,110 mg. MAb excretion evaluated in 20 animals and blood activity studied in 11 rats were equivalent 24-96 h following i.p. and i.v. injection. Dissimilar autoradiographic patterns were seen in hepatic metastases with predominantly peripherally located clusters following i.p. and more homogeneously distributed grains after i.v. MAb administration. The results indicate that tumour implantation site has a quantitative, and the route of administration at least a qualitative impact on the tumour accretion of anti-CEA MAb I-38S1 in the present xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sundin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
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43
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Mezzanzanica D, Canevari S, Colnaghi MI. Retargeting of human lymphocytes against human ovarian carcinoma cells by bispecific antibodies: from laboratory to clinic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY RESEARCH 1992; 21:159-64. [PMID: 1815760 DOI: 10.1007/bf02591636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have selected a monoclonal antibody (MOv18) reactive with ovarian carcinoma, which exhibits a restricted tumor specificity, a high affinity constant and which recognizes a 38-kDa glycoprotein homogeneously expressed on the cell surface of 90% of human ovarian carcinomas. Localization studies with radiolabelled MOv18 showed that MOv18 could specifically reach ovarian carcinoma cells growing in the peritoneal cavity of nu/nu mice. MOv18 did not mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity via Fc and could not be used as a carrier for toxins due to poor internalization of the antigen-antibody complex. Bispecific F(ab')2 antibodies made with MOv18 and an antibody reactive with CD3 were able to redirect the cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) against ovarian carcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo in an animal model. The treatment of athymic mice bearing a human ovarian carcinoma intraperitoneally, with human PBL coated with the bispecific F(ab')2, significantly prolonged survival of the animals compared with tumour-bearing untreated and control mice treated with PBL alone. Four ovarian cancer patients have been treated with autologous lymphocytes coated with this bispecific F(ab')2 in a phase I clinical trial. No serious side-effects were observed but patients developed human anti-murine antibodies mainly directed against the idiotype of MOv18. We have now begun phase II clinical trials in ovarian cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Antibody Specificity
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mezzanzanica
- Division of Experimental Oncology E, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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44
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Miotti S, Alberti S, Facheris P, Mantovani L, Fornaro M, Stella M, Ménard S, Canevari S, Colnaghi MI. Membrane association and shedding of the GPI-anchored Ca-MOv18 antigen in human ovary carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 1992; 51:499-505. [PMID: 1534320 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910510326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The antigen recognized by the MOv18 MAb (Ca-MOv18) was recently shown to be a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked protein. In this report we show that GPI-anchorage is not limited to IGROVI cells nor to other ovary carcinoma cell lines, but Ca-MOv18 was also found to be sensitive to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) treatment on fresh ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, we found a heterogeneous sensitivity of Ca-MOv18 to PI-PLC cleavage, not only among the different cells studied but also in different experiments performed on the same cell line, during extended periods of time in culture. Sensitivity to PI-PLC cleavage was determined by immunofluorescence on live cells and by double-determinant radioimmunoassay of the antigen released in the supernatant. The specificity of the PI-PLC cleavage was demonstrated as follows: (a) TX114 solubilized Ca-MOv18 shifts from the detergent to the aqueous phase after treatment with PI-PLC; (b) on membrane preparations, PI-PLC specifically released a fraction of the antigen, which is distinct from the weakly associated form released by high-salt treatment; (c) Ca-MOv18 from IGROVI expressed the cross-reacting determinant (CRD), which is characteristic of GPI-linked molecules. The absence of CRD expression on the spontaneously released protein and the possibility of artificially inducing antigen shedding during the resynthesis of Ca-MOv18 which follows bacterial PI-PLC treatment are interesting points which need to be further investigated in order to understand the physiology of the Ca-MOv18 tumor antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Miotti
- Experimental Oncology E, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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45
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Paganelli G, Belloni C, Magnani P, Zito F, Pasini A, Sassi I, Meroni M, Mariani M, Vignali M, Siccardi AG. Two-step tumour targetting in ovarian cancer patients using biotinylated monoclonal antibodies and radioactive streptavidin. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE 1992; 19:322-9. [PMID: 1612093 DOI: 10.1007/bf00177053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A new method for intraperitoneal tumour targetting in ovarian cancer using biotinylated monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) and radioactive streptavidin is described. Fifteen patients with histologically documented ovarian carcinoma were injected intraperitoneally with 2 mg of biotinylated MoAb MOv18, followed 3-5 days later by 100-150 micrograms of indium-111 streptavidin, at the specific activity of 280-370 MBq/mg in 500 ml of normal saline. No toxicity was observed. Tumours were imaged from 2 to 48 h after radioactivity injection by recording both planar and single photon emission tomography (SPET) data. All patients underwent surgery 1-8 days later (mean 3 days) after scanning. The resected tumour and normal tissue radioactivity were measured. On the day of surgery, the tumour to normal tissue ratio was 9:1 (range 3:1-30:1) and 45:1 (range 12:1-120:1) for intra- and extraperitoneal samples, respectively. The mean tumor to blood ratio was 14:1 (range 4:1-30:1). The injected dose (i.d.) per gram of tumour was 0.112 (range 0.01-0.3) for recurrences and 0.05 for primary tumour (range 0.005-0.2). Over 24-48 h 14% i.d. (range 8-18% i.d.) was found in the urine, 14% i.d. (range 6-29% i.d.) in the blood and 63% i.d. (range 56-70% i.d.) was still in the peritoneal cavity. These preliminary clinical data suggest that this two-step strategy may be superior to the conventional approach (radiolabelled antibodies) for intraperitoneal radioimmunolocalization and radioimmunotherapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Paganelli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istituto Scientifico H. San Raffaele, Sorin Biomedica, Università di Milano, Italy
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46
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Wunderlich JR, Mezzanzanica D, Garrido MA, Neblock DS, Daddona PE, Andrew SM, Zurawski VR, Canevari S, Colnaghi MI, Segal DM. Bispecific antibodies and retargeted cellular cytotoxicity: novel approaches to cancer therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY RESEARCH 1992; 22:17-20. [PMID: 1633315 DOI: 10.1007/bf02591388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have used a relatively new technology to increase the number of human lymphocytes that will react with human ovarian carcinoma cells. This technology, often called "retargeting of the immune system," can temporarily redirect the activity of immune cells that were originally committed to react with foreign substances other than cancer cells. In the example presented here, the antitumor effects of retargeted human T lymphocytes, collected from normal donors, were tested in immunodeficient mice with a human ovarian carcinoma line growing intraperitoneally. We retargeted T cells in vitro with a bispecific antibody that reacted with the T cell receptor complex and with a cell-surface antigen expressed by the ovarian carcinoma cells. Retargeted lymphocytes, injected intraperitoneally into mice 4 days after intraperitoneal injection of the tumor cells, impeded tumor growth and doubled the host survival time. These findings provide support for the concept that treatment of ovarian cancer patients with retargeted T cells could prove beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Wunderlich
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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47
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Lastoria S, Panza N, Esposito G, Vergara E, Castelli L, Caracò C, Battista C, Pacilio G, Salvatore M. Management of patients with ovarian cancer using monoclonal antibodies. Biomed Pharmacother 1992; 46:453-63. [PMID: 1306360 DOI: 10.1016/0753-3322(92)90003-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe in detail the current trend using monoclonal antibodies to diagnose ovarian cancer either in vitro or in vivo. The approach with such powerful reagents allows to differentiate in vitro tumor histotypes and to detect in peritoneal washings the presence of a few neoplastic cells which characterize the minimal disease. The detection of elevated sera levels of ovarian cancer-associated antigens, such as CA-125 and TAG-72, allows the monitoring, follow-up of these patients and the response to therapy with great accuracy. We focused our attention on the role in vivo of labelled monoclonal antibodies, mainly for diagnostic purposes. Radioimmunoscintigraphy has been found to be more reliable than CT and US to detect foci of disease mainly in patients already treated by surgery, overcoming all the problems usually encountered with these two procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lastoria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Institute G. Pascale, University 2nd Medical School, Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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