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Jaberi Darmiyan S, Montazer Torbati MB, Ramin M, Ghiasi SE. Effects of wheat bran replacement with pomegranate seed pulp on rumen fermentation, gas production, methanogen and protozoa populations of camel and goat rumen using competitive PCR technique: An in vitro study. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2901-2911. [PMID: 37864580 PMCID: PMC10650269 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial populations in the rumen play an essential role in the degradation of Cellulosic dietary components and in providing nutrients to the host animal. OBJECTIVE This study aims to detect the effect of pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) on rumen fermentation, digestibility and methanogens and the protozoa population (by competitive polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) of the camel and goat rumen fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS PSP was added to the experimental treatments and replaced by wheat bran (0%, 5% and 10%). Rumen fluid was collected from three goats and two camels according to the similarity of sex, breed, origin and time and used for three gas production studies. DNA extraction was performed by the RBB + c method, the ImageJ programme calculated band intensities (target and competing DNA), and line gradients were plotted based on the number of copies and intensity. RESULTS Our result showed that diets did not significantly affect the methanogen and protozoa population. Animal species affected microbial populations so that both populations in camels were less than goats. The production of gas and volatile fatty acids was not affected by diets. These two parameters and NH3 concentration and methane production in goats were higher than in camel. The pH of digested dry matter and microbial protein in camels was higher than in goats. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the competitive PCR technique is an effective method for enumerating rumen microbiota. This supplementation can be considered a strategy to achieve performance and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Jaberi Darmiyan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Montazer Torbati
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
- Research Group of Environmental Stress in Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
| | - Mohammad Ramin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Seyed Ehsan Ghiasi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
- Research Group of Environmental Stress in Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
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Dixit S, Kumar S, Sharma R, Banakar PS, Deb R, Tyagi AK. Rumen microbial diversity, enteric methane emission and nutrient utilization of crossbred Karan-Fries cattle ( Bos taurus) and Murrah buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) consuming varied roughage concentrate ratio. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1857-1875. [PMID: 35352616 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2053696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dietary mix and host species have both been shown to have a significant impact on rumen microbial diversity, enteric methane emission and animal performance. The goal of this study was to see how the roughage concentrate ratio 70:30 (Low concentrate; LC) vs 40:60 (High concentrate; HC) and the host species crossbred cattle vs buffalo affected rumen microbial diversity, enteric methane emissions and nutrient utilization. Dry matter intake (kg/d) and dry matter percent digestibility were considerably (p < 0.05) higher in the HC ration and buffalo compared to LC ration and crossbred cattle, respectively. Both dietary mix and host species had a substantial (p < 0.05) impact on intake of various nutrients, including organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Increased concentrate proportion in the ration improved nitrogen balance, resulting in increased average daily gain and considerably reduced methane (g/d) output (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 16S rRNA genes were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) and subsequently annotated using the Centrifuge workflow to uncover ruminal bacterial diversity. Firmicutes was considerably (p < 0.01) greater in the LC diet, whereas, Bacteroidetes was higher in the HC ration. Genus Prevotella dominated all rumen samples, and buffalo fed LC ration had significantly (p < 0.01) higher Oscillospira abundance. At the species level, simple sugar-utilizing bacteria such as Prevotella spp. and Selenomonas ruminantium predominated in the crossbred cattle, but fibrolytic bacteria such as Oscillospira guilliermondii were statistically (p < 0.01) more abundant in the buffalo. Overall, dietary mix and host species have both been shown to have a significant impact on rumen microbial diversity, enteric methane emission and animal performance, however, host species remained a major driving force to change ruminal community composition as compared to roughage concentrate ratio under similar environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Dixit
- Rumen Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Ritu Sharma
- Rumen Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - P S Banakar
- Rumen Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Rajib Deb
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Amrish Kumar Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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Comparison of ruminal digestibility of Origanum onites L. leaves in dairy buffalo and cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2063-2071. [PMID: 32030523 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This experiment evaluated the ruminal digestibility of Turkish oregano leaves in dairy buffalo and cows. Ruminally cannulated, multiparous Brown Swiss cows (n = 3) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis; n = 3) were used in the experiment. The ad libitum basal diet was balanced to NRC requirements for a dry, nonpregnant multiparous dairy cow (680 kg) and consuming 12.8 kg of DM/day. Air-dried, ground, weighed oregano leaves were inserted in the rumen of all animals before the morning feeding within heat-sealed nylon bags (4 replicates per treatment and time point). After incubation (4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h), dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), aNDFom, and ADFom concentrations were determined and compared to initial leaf chemical composition. The means for in situ disappearance (ISD, %) of DM, aNDFom, and ADFom did not differ between the species, but ISD of CP was greater in buffalo than the cows (P = 0.05) after 72 h incubation. The lag time of kinetic degradation curves, the potentially degradable fraction (b), hourly degradation rate (c), and undegradable fraction were similar between species. The immediately degraded fraction (a) and effective digestibility (ED) of CP were greater in buffalo than the cows (P = 0.04), but the a fraction and ED of other nutrients showed no differences between the species. In conclusion, CP of oregano leaves are degraded more rapidly in the rumen of dairy buffalo than cows, primarily due to a large difference in the rapidly soluble CP fraction in the buffalo.
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Huws SA, Creevey CJ, Oyama LB, Mizrahi I, Denman SE, Popova M, Muñoz-Tamayo R, Forano E, Waters SM, Hess M, Tapio I, Smidt H, Krizsan SJ, Yáñez-Ruiz DR, Belanche A, Guan L, Gruninger RJ, McAllister TA, Newbold CJ, Roehe R, Dewhurst RJ, Snelling TJ, Watson M, Suen G, Hart EH, Kingston-Smith AH, Scollan ND, do Prado RM, Pilau EJ, Mantovani HC, Attwood GT, Edwards JE, McEwan NR, Morrisson S, Mayorga OL, Elliott C, Morgavi DP. Addressing Global Ruminant Agricultural Challenges Through Understanding the Rumen Microbiome: Past, Present, and Future. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2161. [PMID: 30319557 PMCID: PMC6167468 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen is a complex ecosystem composed of anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, fungi, methanogenic archaea and phages. These microbes interact closely to breakdown plant material that cannot be digested by humans, whilst providing metabolic energy to the host and, in the case of archaea, producing methane. Consequently, ruminants produce meat and milk, which are rich in high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals, and therefore contribute to food security. As the world population is predicted to reach approximately 9.7 billion by 2050, an increase in ruminant production to satisfy global protein demand is necessary, despite limited land availability, and whilst ensuring environmental impact is minimized. Although challenging, these goals can be met, but depend on our understanding of the rumen microbiome. Attempts to manipulate the rumen microbiome to benefit global agricultural challenges have been ongoing for decades with limited success, mostly due to the lack of a detailed understanding of this microbiome and our limited ability to culture most of these microbes outside the rumen. The potential to manipulate the rumen microbiome and meet global livestock challenges through animal breeding and introduction of dietary interventions during early life have recently emerged as promising new technologies. Our inability to phenotype ruminants in a high-throughput manner has also hampered progress, although the recent increase in “omic” data may allow further development of mathematical models and rumen microbial gene biomarkers as proxies. Advances in computational tools, high-throughput sequencing technologies and cultivation-independent “omics” approaches continue to revolutionize our understanding of the rumen microbiome. This will ultimately provide the knowledge framework needed to solve current and future ruminant livestock challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Huws
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Creevey
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Linda B Oyama
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Itzhak Mizrahi
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Stuart E Denman
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Milka Popova
- Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1213 Herbivores, Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Tamayo
- UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Forano
- UMR 454 MEDIS, INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sinead M Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Ireland
| | - Matthias Hess
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ilma Tapio
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sophie J Krizsan
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David R Yáñez-Ruiz
- Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Belanche
- Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Granada, Spain
| | - Leluo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robert J Gruninger
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | | | - Rainer Roehe
- Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tim J Snelling
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Mick Watson
- The Roslin Institute and the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Elizabeth H Hart
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Alison H Kingston-Smith
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel D Scollan
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Rodolpho M do Prado
- Laboratório de Biomoléculas e Espectrometria de Massas-Labiomass, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J Pilau
- Laboratório de Biomoléculas e Espectrometria de Massas-Labiomass, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Graeme T Attwood
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Joan E Edwards
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Neil R McEwan
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Morrisson
- Sustainable Livestock, Agri-Food and Bio-Sciences Institute, Hillsborough, United Kingdom
| | - Olga L Mayorga
- Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Christopher Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Diego P Morgavi
- Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1213 Herbivores, Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Iqbal MW, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Li L, Zou C, Huang C, Lin B. Comparative study of rumen fermentation and microbial community differences between water buffalo and Jersey cows under similar feeding conditions. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1394859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Wasim Iqbal
- College of Animal Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingbai Yang
- College of Animal Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Li
- The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Buffalo Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Caixia Zou
- College of Animal Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Husbandry, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Lin
- College of Animal Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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Egert AM, Klotz JL, McLeod KR, Harmon DL. Development of a methodology to measure the effect of ergot alkaloids on forestomach motility using real-time wireless telemetry. Front Chem 2014; 2:90. [PMID: 25353021 PMCID: PMC4195290 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of these experiments were to characterize rumen motility patterns of cattle fed once daily using a real-time wireless telemetry system, determine when to measure rumen motility with this system, and determine the effect of ruminal dosing of ergot alkaloids on rumen motility. Ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (n = 8) were fed a basal diet of alfalfa cubes once daily. Rumen motility was measured by monitoring real-time pressure changes within the rumen using wireless telemetry and pressure transducers. Experiment 1 consisted of three 24-h rumen pressure collections beginning immediately after feeding. Data were recorded, stored, and analyzed using iox2 software and the rhythmic analyzer. All motility variables differed (P < 0.01) between hours and thirds (8-h periods) of the day. There were no differences between days for most variables. The variance of the second 8-h period of the day was less than (P < 0.01) the first for area and less than the third for amplitude, frequency, duration, and area (P < 0.05). These data demonstrated that the second 8-h period of the day was the least variable for many measures of motility and would provide the best opportunity for testing differences in motility due to treatments. In Experiment 2, the steers (n = 8) were pair-fed the basal diet of Experiment 1 and dosed with endophyte-free (E−) or endophyte-infected (E+; 0 or 10 μg ergovaline + ergovalinine/kg BW; respectively) tall fescue seed before feeding for 15 d. Rumen motility was measured for 8 h beginning 8 h after feeding for the first 14 d of seed dosing. Blood samples were taken on d 1, 7, and 15, and rumen content samples were taken on d 15. Baseline (P = 0.06) and peak (P = 0.04) pressure were lower for E+ steers. Water intake tended (P = 0.10) to be less for E+ steers the first 8 h period after feeding. The E+ seed treatment at this dosage under thermoneutral conditions did not significantly affect rumen motility, ruminal fill, or dry matter of rumen contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Egert
- Ruminant Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Animal & Food Sciences, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - James L Klotz
- Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kyle R McLeod
- Ruminant Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Animal & Food Sciences, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David L Harmon
- Ruminant Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Animal & Food Sciences, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
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