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Zambrano-Angulo M, Cárdenas-Jirón G. Toward the search for new photosensitizers for DSSCs: theoretical study of both substituted Zn(II) and Si(IV) phthalocyanines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6164-6179. [PMID: 38300136 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04417c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
We report a density functional theory (DFT) study performed for a set of 66 compounds based on zinc(II) and silicon(IV) phthalocyanines (Pcs) with potential applications in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The effect of the metal center (Zn, Si), periplanar and axial substituents, and anchor groups like anhydrous, carboxyl, and catechol on the electronic, optical, photovoltaics, and adsorption properties is investigated. Using the TD-DFT methodology and M06 and CAM-B3LYP functionals, we calculated the absorption spectra on optimized structures and in the solution phase but not on structures relaxed in the solvent. We obtained a strong Q band and a weak Soret band in the UV-Vis region, which are attributed to the transitions of type π-π* as described by the Gouterman orbitals. Q bands calculated show absorption up to 667 nm for ZnPcs and up to 769 nm for SiPcs, suggesting an essential role of the metal atom. The systems have a bathochromic effect in the order of secondary amine > primary amine > hydroxyl > amide > ester. We also found that the anhydrous and carboxyl groups favor absorption at longer wavelengths than the catechol group. The ZnPc systems show a slightly larger electron injection ΔGinj (∼1.1 eV) than SiPcs (∼0.9 eV), with similar values for the three anchor groups. The interaction energies (Eint) between ZnPcs/SiPcs and TiO2 in molecular and periodic configuration and corrected by the counterpoise method indicate that SiPcs predict more negative values than ZnPcs. The anchor group effect is relevant; the carboxyl moiety leads to stronger interactions than the anhydrous moiety. The strategies used could help to identify new photosensitizers for DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zambrano-Angulo
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
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2
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Unraveling the reasons behind lead phthalocyanine acting as a good absorber for near-infrared sensitive devices. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8810. [PMID: 35614199 PMCID: PMC9132886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) is well known to be used as a good near-infrared (NIR) light absorber for organic solar cells (OSCs) and photodetectors. The monoclinic and triclinic phases have been understood to absorb the visible and NIR regions, respectively, so far. In the present study, we demonstrated from the absorption spectra and theoretical analysis that the visible band considerably originates from not only the monoclinic but also the amorphous and triclinic phases, and revealed the exciton dynamics in the PbPc film from static/time-resolved photoluminescence (PL), which are first reported. By comparing the external quantum efficiency between PbPc- and ZnPc-based OSCs in relation to their structure, morphology, and optical (absorption and PL) characteristics, we unraveled the reasons behind the PbPc film used as a good absorber for NIR-sensitive devices.
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Kato M, Nakaya M, Matoba Y, Watanabe S, Okamoto K, Bucher JP, Onoe J. Morphological and optical properties of α- and β-phase zinc (∥) phthalocyanine thin films for application to organic photovoltaic cells. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:144704. [PMID: 33086811 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the morphological and optical properties of α- and β-phase Zinc Phthalocyanine (ZnPc) thin films for application to organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). It was found that the α-phase is completely converted to the β-phase by thermal annealing at 220 °C under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. When the α- to β-phase transition takes place, the surface roughness of the ZnPc film became flat uniformly with a nanometer order of unevenness by anisotropic growth of crystalline grains along a lateral direction to substrates. Correspondingly, the optical absorbance of the β-phase film became greater by 1.5-2 times than that of the α-phase one in an ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-vis-NIR) wavelength range, which plays a role in increasing the number of photogenerated excitons. On the contrary, time-resolved photoluminescence measurements showed that the average lifetime of excitons for the β-phase film became shorter by 1/6-1/7 than that for the α-phase one, which plays a role in decreasing the number of excitons achieving the donor/acceptor interface where excitons are separated to carriers (holes and electrons). Both the increase in the number and the shortening in the average lifetime have a trade-off relationship with each other for contribution to the photoelectric conversion efficiency of OPVs. Then, we examined an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of OPVs using the α- and β-phase films as a donor and obtained that the former OPV (α-phase) exhibits a higher EQE by ∼2 times than the latter one (β-phase) in the wavelength range of 400 nm-800 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kato
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masato Nakaya
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuki Matoba
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinta Watanabe
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Jean-Pierre Bucher
- Université de Strasbourg and Institutde Physiqueet Chimiedes Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jun Onoe
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Sánchez-Muñoz E, Gárate-Morales JL, Sandoval-Lira J, Hernández-Pérez JM, Aguilar-Sánchez R. Porphyrin Supramolecular Arrays Formed by Weakly Interacting Meso-Functional Groups on Au(111). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183326. [PMID: 31547376 PMCID: PMC6766800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a binary porphyrinic self-assembled system between meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) and meso-tetrakis(4-dimethyl amino) porphyrin (TDAP) was easily designed through non-covalent interactions in solution and adsorbed on a gold substrate. It was found that non-covalent interactions and geometrical conformations between porphyrins allow their self-assembly into a well-defined arrangement, which was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, electrochemistry, atomic force microscopy and density functional theory (DFT) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Sánchez-Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 22 Sur y Av San Claudio CU, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - José L Gárate-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 22 Sur y Av San Claudio CU, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Jacinto Sandoval-Lira
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 22 Sur y Av San Claudio CU, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Julio M Hernández-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 22 Sur y Av San Claudio CU, Puebla 72570, Mexico.
| | - Rocío Aguilar-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 22 Sur y Av San Claudio CU, Puebla 72570, Mexico.
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Onoe J, Watanabe S, Kato S, Nakaya M, Bucher JP. Spectroscopic and theoretical studies on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of zinc octaethylporphyrin/C60co-deposited films. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:214701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5005068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Onoe
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinta Watanabe
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shiro Kato
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masato Nakaya
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Jean-Pierre Bucher
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS UMR 7504, F-67034 Strasbourg, France
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Stachelek P, Harriman A. Electronic Communication in Closely Connected BODIPY-Based Bichromophores. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:8104-8113. [PMID: 27661763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A small series of closely spaced, bichromophoric boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives has been examined by optical spectroscopy and compared to the corresponding mononuclear dyes. The compounds vary according to the site of attachment and also by the nature of alkyl or aryl substituents incorporated into the dipyrrin backbone. Excitonic coupling splits the lowest-energy absorption transition in each case, but to highly variable degrees. There are also marked changes in the fluorescence quantum yields across the series but much less variation in the excited-state lifetimes. After comparing different models, it is concluded that the ideal dipole approximation gives a crude qualitative representation of the observed splitting of the absorption transition, but the extended dipole approach is not applicable to these systems. Agreement is substantially improved by employing a model that takes into account the dihedral angle between the planes of the two dipyrrin units. The large variation in radiative rate constants, and those for the accompanying nonradiative processes, is accountable in terms of electronic coupling and/or intensity borrowing between the two excitonic states. In all cases, the dihedral angle between the two BODIPY units plays a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Stachelek
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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Bukreev A, Mikhailov K, Shelaev I, Gostev F, Polevaya Y, Tyurin V, Beletskaya I, Umansky S, Nadtochenko V. Excitonic Coupling and Femtosecond Relaxation of Zinc Porphyrin Oligomers Linked with Triazole Bridge: Dynamics and Modeling. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1961-70. [PMID: 26935579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new zinc porphyrin oligomers linked by a triazole bridge was carried out via "click" reaction. A split in the porphyrin oligomer B-band was observed. It was considered as evidence of exciton-excitonic coupling. The relaxation of excited states in Q-band porphyrin oligomers was studied by the femtosecond laser spectroscopy technique with a 20 fs pump pulse. The transient oscillations of two B-band excitonic peaks have a π-radian shift. For explanation of the coherent oscillation, a theoretical model was developed. The model considered the combination of the exciton-excitonic coupling between porphyrin rings in dimer and weak exciton-vibronic coupling in one porphyrin ring. By varying the values of the structural parameters of porphyrins (the strength values of this couplings and measure of symmetry breaking), we obtained correspondence between the experimental data (phase shift and amplitudes of the spectrum oscillations) and the predictions of the model developed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Bukreev
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS , Moscow 117977, Russia
| | | | - Ivan Shelaev
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS , Moscow 117977, Russia
| | - Fedor Gostev
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS , Moscow 117977, Russia
| | - Yuliya Polevaya
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Vladimir Tyurin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Irina Beletskaya
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Moscow 119071, Russia
| | | | - Victor Nadtochenko
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS , Moscow 117977, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University , Dolgoprudny, Moscow region 141700, Russia.,Moscow State University , Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS , Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432, Russia
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Belviso S, Amati M, Rossano R, Crispini A, Lelj F. Non-symmetrical aryl- and arylethynyl-substituted thioalkyl-porphyrazines for optoelectronic materials: synthesis, properties, and computational studies. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:2191-207. [PMID: 25515497 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03317e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel non-symmetrically substituted mono β-aryl and β-arylethynyl (alkylsulfanyl)porphyrazines and the corresponding Ni(ii) complexes have been prepared by the Suzuki-Miyaura and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions with the aim to investigate substituent effects on their electronic and aggregation properties. Spectroscopic, electrochemical and computational investigations show that in both aryl and arylethynyl compounds efficient electron transfer between the aryl and macrocycle moieties occurs. The highest perturbation of the porphyrazine π-electron core is provided by strong electron-donating (NMe2) and electron withdrawing (NO2) aryl substituents, which increase and decrease the macrocycle electron density, respectively. Moreover, while in most of the compounds the LUMOs and HOMOs are mainly localized on the porphyrazine ring, in the amino-substituted derivatives the HOMO is localized on the peripheral aryl moieties and the LUMO is localized on the macrocycle. Charge-transfer electronic excitations give rise to absorptions in UV-Vis spectra of both amino- and nitro-substituted compounds. In the former such excitations occur from aryl-localized to macrocycle-localized orbitals, while backward excitations occur in the latter. Therefore, the porphyrazine ring shows an ambivalent behavior, acting as an electron acceptor in the case of the NMe2-substituted compounds and as an electron donor in the NO2-substituted derivative. In these derivatives, even macrocycle mono-substitution provides unconventional "push-pull" systems suitable for NLO. Columnar discotic mesophases are also shown by thio-octyl arylethynyl derivatives, allowing us to envisage the possibility to achieve compounds both suitable for optoelectronic applications and endowed with self-aggregation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Belviso
- Università della Basilicata, Dipartimento di Scienze, via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
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Liu B, Jiang J, Fang X, Hu C. Absolute Configurational Assignments of Amino Acid Esters by a CD-Sensitive Malonamide-Linked Zinc Bisporphyrinate Host. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Mikhailov KM, Shelaev IV, Gostev FE, Yashchuk YP, Tyurin VS, Beletskaya IP, Nadtochenko VA. Femto-picosecond relaxation of triazole-bridged bis(zinc porphyrin). HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143914040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Jiang J, Fang X, Liu B, Hu C. m-Phthalic Diamide-Linked Zinc Bisporphyrinate: Spontaneous Resolution of Its Crystals and Its Application in Chiral Recognition of Amino Acid Esters. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:3298-306. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401949e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxun Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xianshi Fang
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Baozhen Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chuanjiang Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory & Coordination Chemistry Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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Femtopicosecond relaxation of zinc porphyrinate trimer linked by the triazole bridge. Russ Chem Bull 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Ahrens J, Haberlag B, Scheja A, Tamm M, Bröring M. Conjugated BODIPY DYEmers by Metathesis Reactions. Chemistry 2013; 20:2901-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Doris KA, Ciliberto E, Fragala I, Ratner MA, Marks TJ. π-π Interactions, Architecture, and Bandwidths in “Molecular Metals”. A Synthetic and Electronic Structure Study of Monomeric and Cofacially Joined Dimeric Germanium Phthalocyanines. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.198600052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tasso TT, Furuyama T, Kobayashi N. Absorption and Electrochemical Properties of Cobalt and Iron Phthalocyanines and Their Quaternized Derivatives: Aggregation Equilibrium and Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:9206-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4002048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Teixeira Tasso
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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HÜCKSTÄDT HEINER, BRUHN CLEMENS, HOMBORG HEINER. Dinuclear RhII-Phthalocyaninates with a Rh-Rh Single Bond: X-ray Crystal Structure of Di(pyridinephthalocyaninato(2-)rhodium(II)). J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199710)1:4<367::aid-jpp31>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Red, diamagnetic di(phthalocyaninato(2-)rhodium(II)), [( Rhpc 2−)2] is prepared by thermal decomposition of acidophthalocyaninatorhodium(III) or di(acido)phthalocyaninatorhodates(III) in inert, high boiling solvents or under reduced pressure at T < 350° C . It is insoluble in most common solvents except pyridine ( py ), yielding red, diamagnetic di(pyridinephthalocyaninato(2-)rhodium(II)), [{ Rh ( py ) pc 2−}2]. This crystallizes as benzene solvate in the cubic space group Ia-3 (no. 206) (a = 35.960(7) Å) with Z = 24. The Rh - Rh distance (d( Rh - Rh ) = 2.741(2) Å) indicates a strong unsupported Rh - Rh single bond. Due to the axial coordination of py the Rh atoms are virtually bonded in the centre ( ct ) of the pc 2− core (d( Rh - ct ) = 0.08(1) Å). The pc 2− ligands are staggered with the skew angle φ( N iso - Rh - Rh '- N iso ') = 42(1)°. Asymmetrical doming of the pc 2− ligands is caused by a short interplanar distance (d( ct - ct ) = 2.89(1) Å) and axial coordination of pyridine. Due to the labilizing trans influence of the Rh - Rh bond the d( Rh - N py ) = 2.309(8) Å is rather long. Two quasi-reversible anodic and four cathodic electron transfer processes are observed in the differential pulse voltammogram of [{ Rh ( py ) pc 2−}2] at 0.81, 0.55, −0.33, −0.50, −0.75 and −1.33 V. The UV/vis NIR spectrum of [{ Rh ( py ) pc 2−}2] shows the typical π-π* transitions of the pc 2− ligand. The B region is split into two bands at 15 440 ( B −) and 16 890 cm−1( B +) of equal intensity due to strong excitonic coupling. The totally symmetric Rh - Rh stretching vibration is selectively enhanced in the Fourier Transform–Raman spectrum at 176 cm−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- HEINER HÜCKSTÄDT
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - CLEMENS BRUHN
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - HEINER HOMBORG
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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KOBAYASHI NAGAO, FURUYA FUMIO, YUG GYEONGCHANG. A One-pot, One-step, High-yield Reaction Leading to Metal–Metal Dimacrocycles: the Phthalocyanine Dimer with a Direct Si—Si Linkage. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199908/10)3:6/7<433::aid-jpp152>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new concept widely applicable in organometallic chemistry has been introduced for the preparation of cofacial macrocyclic dimers or oligomers. The most notable feature is the use of dimetal or oligometal salts/compounds as templates. In order to exemplify the advantage of this method, a cofacial diphthalocyanine linked by an Si—Si bond has been synthesized in 30% yield in a one-step reaction using hexachlorodisilane as a template and characterized. The cofacial dimer structures are supported by various spectroscopic techniques, including electronic absorption, magnetic circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance and differential pulse voltammetry. However, the unusual phenomenon of a red shift of the main band in the Soret band region was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- NAGAO KOBAYASHI
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - FUMIO FURUYA
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - GYEONG-CHANG YUG
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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KIENAST ARNE, GALICH LUTZ, MURRAY KEITHS, MOUBARAKI BOUJEMA, LAZAREV GEORGE, CASHION JOHND, HOMBORG HEINER. μ-Carbido Diporphyrinates and Diphthalocyaninates of Iron and Ruthenium. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199704)1:2<141::aid-jpp18>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
μ-Carbido diporphyrinates and diphthalocyaninates of general formula [{ Mp 2−}2(μ- C )] ( p 2− = tpp ( M = Fe ), oep ( Fe ), pc ( Fe , Ru ); H 2 tpp : 21H,23H-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphine; H 2 oep : 21H,23H-2,3,4,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphine; H 2 pc : 29H,31H-phthalocyanine) of formally Fe IV and Ru IV are prepared by a new and improved ‘one-pot’ synthesis. The corresponding chloro complexes of the tervalent metal ions react successively with potassium hydroxide in boiling 2-propanol and then with trichloromethane. Potassium hydroxide is proven to be a very versatile and powerful reductant in tetrapyrrolic chemistry. As evidenced from electron spin resonance and UV vis spectral measurements, the precursor is reduced primarily to an ate-complex of type [ M I p 2−]− of a formally monovalent metal ion. This active species is assumed to react with trichloromethane via a dichlorocarbene complex of type [ M II( CCl 2) p 2−] to yield the actual -carbido complex. [{ Feoep 2−}2(μ- C )] is crystallographically characterized. It is monoclinic, space group C12/c1 (15), with a = 18.279(3) Å, b = 15.005(2) Å, c = 23.392(7) Å, β = 107.12(2)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0773. The iron atom is displaced by 0.192(3) Å out of the centre ( Ct ) of the ( N p )4 plane toward the (μ- C ) atom. Average d ( Fe - N p ) is 1.986(5) Å; d ( Fe -(μ- C )) is 1.6638(9) Å. The Fe - C - Fe skeleton is linear (179.5(3)°). The two slightly waving porphyrinato cores are in a staggered conformation, the ( N p - Fe - Fe ″- N p ″) torsion angle being 21.0(3)°. Solutions of each μ-carbido complex in pyridine/dichloromethane show four distinct quasi-reversible redox processes in their differential-pulse voltammograms and these are assigned to the successive one-electron reduction and oxidation of the macrocyclic ligands. 13 C CP MAS NMR spectra indicate effective four-fold symmetry within the series of the μ-carbido complexes with isotropic shifts occurring at similar fields to those of the corresponding macrocyclic complex of a closed-shell metal ion. Resonances of the bridging carbon atom are not detected. A characteristic increase of line broadening within the series tpp 2− > oep 2− > pc 2− may be due to Fermi contact interactions with the strongly coupled low-spin M IV centres. The magnetic susceptibility studies show that the complexes all display non-zero μ values at 295 K increasing from pc 2− to tpp 2−. Mössbauer spectra confirm the low-spin Fe IV oxidation state for the iron centres. Isomer shift, δ, and quadrupole splitting, ΔE Q , for [{ Fepc 2−}2(μ- C )] and [{ Fetpp 2−}2(μ- C )] are identical to those previously reported. Data for [{ Feoep 2−}2(μ- C )] are essentially the same as for the pc and tpp complex. Thus the order of δ is tpp ≈ oep > pc whilst that of Δ E Q is pc >> oep > tpp . Small impurity lines are observed which help explain the magnetic data. UV vis/NIR spectra of the μ-carbido complexes show the characteristic π-π* transitions. These are shifted with respect to the corresponding mononuclear complexes to higher energy because of excitonic interactions. Vibrational spectra are discussed in detail ν as ( M - C - M ) (in cm−1) is at 937 ( M = Fe ; tpp ) < 976 ( Fe / oep ) < 997 ( Fe / pc ) < 1050 ( Ru / pc ), ν s ( M - C - M ) (in cm−1 at 433 ( Fe / tpp ) < 460 ( Fe / oep ) < 477 ( Fe / pc ). Hence, valence force constants increase significantly in the order tpp < oep < pc . ν s ( Fe - C - Fe ) of [{ Fepc 2−}2(μ- C )] is selectively resonance Raman enhanced. As evidenced from the excitation profile a C → Fe charge transfer, not detected in the vis spectrum, is assumed to be present at 22 000 > ν > 25 000 cm −1.
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Affiliation(s)
- ARNE KIENAST
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - LUTZ GALICH
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - KEITH S. MURRAY
- Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - BOUJEMA MOUBARAKI
- Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - GEORGE LAZAREV
- Department of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - JOHN D. CASHION
- Department of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - HEINER HOMBORG
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany
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POMOGAILO ANATOLIID, RAZUMOV VLADIMIRF, VOLOSHANOVSKII IGORS. Synthesis and structure of vinylporphyrin metal complexes and their copolymerization: Spectral luminescence properties of Zn copolymers in solution. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(200001/02)4:1<45::aid-jpp195>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vinylporphyrins containing one vinyl group at the pyrrole or benzene ring and their complexes with Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ have been obtained by the Wittig reaction. The compounds obtained were characterized by physicochemical methods. X-ray diffraction analysis of 5-(4-vinylphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin has been carried out. It is likely that the inclusion of the vinyl group is accompanied by weak electron effects on the macrocycles. The radical-induced copolymerization of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin monomers with the vinyl group in a benzene or pyrrole ring and their copper and zinc complexes with styrene and methacrylate was studied. Porphyrin comonomers decrease the overall polymerization rate and the number-average molecular weight of the products formed compared with the weight of polystyrene obtained under similar conditions. The main reasons for termination of chain growth by vinylporphyrins were revealed and some quantitative parameters of these reactions were obtained. IR and electronic absorption spectra of porphyrin-containing copolymers are discussed. According to the ESR spectra, the copper-containing centres in the copolymers are fairly remote from each other, and the metal-containing polymeric systems are magnetically dilute. The spectral luminescence properties of solutions of zinc 5-(4-vinylphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin–methyl methacrylate copolymers with various contents of porphyrin groups were studied. It was shown that a new long-wave band appears in the absorption spectra of the copolymers, the intensity of which depends on the copolymer composition, and the quantum yield of fluorescence decreases with increasing molar fraction of porphyrin groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- ANATOLII D. POMOGAILO
- Institute of Problems Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow 142432, Russia
| | - VLADIMIR F. RAZUMOV
- Institute of Problems Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow 142432, Russia
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KIENAST ARNE, GALICH LUTZ, MURRAY KEITHS, MOUBARAKI BOUJEMA, LAZAREV GEORGE, CASHION JOHND, HOMBORG HEINER. μ-Carbido Diporphyrinates and Diphthalocyaninates of Iron and Ruthenium. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199704)1:2%3c141::aid-jpp18%3e3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
μ-Carbido diporphyrinates and diphthalocyaninates of general formula [{ Mp 2−}2(μ- C )] ( p 2− = tpp ( M = Fe ), oep ( Fe ), pc ( Fe , Ru ); H 2 tpp : 21H,23H-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphine; H 2 oep : 21H,23H-2,3,4,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphine; H 2 pc : 29H,31H-phthalocyanine) of formally Fe IV and Ru IV are prepared by a new and improved ‘one-pot’ synthesis. The corresponding chloro complexes of the tervalent metal ions react successively with potassium hydroxide in boiling 2-propanol and then with trichloromethane. Potassium hydroxide is proven to be a very versatile and powerful reductant in tetrapyrrolic chemistry. As evidenced from electron spin resonance and UV vis spectral measurements, the precursor is reduced primarily to an ate-complex of type [ M I p 2−]− of a formally monovalent metal ion. This active species is assumed to react with trichloromethane via a dichlorocarbene complex of type [ M II( CCl 2) p 2−] to yield the actual -carbido complex. [{ Feoep 2−}2(μ- C )] is crystallographically characterized. It is monoclinic, space group C12/c1 (15), with a = 18.279(3) Å, b = 15.005(2) Å, c = 23.392(7) Å, β = 107.12(2)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0773. The iron atom is displaced by 0.192(3) Å out of the centre ( Ct ) of the ( N p )4 plane toward the (μ- C ) atom. Average d ( Fe - N p ) is 1.986(5) Å; d ( Fe -(μ- C )) is 1.6638(9) Å. The Fe - C - Fe skeleton is linear (179.5(3)°). The two slightly waving porphyrinato cores are in a staggered conformation, the ( N p - Fe - Fe ″- N p ″) torsion angle being 21.0(3)°. Solutions of each μ-carbido complex in pyridine/dichloromethane show four distinct quasi-reversible redox processes in their differential-pulse voltammograms and these are assigned to the successive one-electron reduction and oxidation of the macrocyclic ligands. 13 C CP MAS NMR spectra indicate effective four-fold symmetry within the series of the μ-carbido complexes with isotropic shifts occurring at similar fields to those of the corresponding macrocyclic complex of a closed-shell metal ion. Resonances of the bridging carbon atom are not detected. A characteristic increase of line broadening within the series tpp 2− > oep 2− > pc 2− may be due to Fermi contact interactions with the strongly coupled low-spin M IV centres. The magnetic susceptibility studies show that the complexes all display non-zero μ values at 295 K increasing from pc 2− to tpp 2−. Mössbauer spectra confirm the low-spin Fe IV oxidation state for the iron centres. Isomer shift, δ, and quadrupole splitting, ΔE Q , for [{ Fepc 2−}2(μ- C )] and [{ Fetpp 2−}2(μ- C )] are identical to those previously reported. Data for [{ Feoep 2−}2(μ- C )] are essentially the same as for the pc and tpp complex. Thus the order of δ is tpp ≈ oep > pc whilst that of Δ E Q is pc >> oep > tpp . Small impurity lines are observed which help explain the magnetic data. UV vis/NIR spectra of the μ-carbido complexes show the characteristic π-π* transitions. These are shifted with respect to the corresponding mononuclear complexes to higher energy because of excitonic interactions. Vibrational spectra are discussed in detail ν as ( M - C - M ) (in cm−1) is at 937 ( M = Fe ; tpp ) < 976 ( Fe / oep ) < 997 ( Fe / pc ) < 1050 ( Ru / pc ), ν s ( M - C - M ) (in cm−1 at 433 ( Fe / tpp ) < 460 ( Fe / oep ) < 477 ( Fe / pc ). Hence, valence force constants increase significantly in the order tpp < oep < pc . ν s ( Fe - C - Fe ) of [{ Fepc 2−}2(μ- C )] is selectively resonance Raman enhanced. As evidenced from the excitation profile a C → Fe charge transfer, not detected in the vis spectrum, is assumed to be present at 22 000 > ν > 25 000 cm −1.
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Affiliation(s)
- ARNE KIENAST
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - LUTZ GALICH
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - KEITH S. MURRAY
- Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - BOUJEMA MOUBARAKI
- Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - GEORGE LAZAREV
- Department of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - JOHN D. CASHION
- Department of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - HEINER HOMBORG
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Olshausenstraße 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany
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Villari V, Mineo P, Scamporrino E, Micali N. Role of the hydrogen-bond in porphyrin J-aggregates. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22260d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Alamiry MAH, Benniston AC, Copley G, Harriman A, Howgego D. Intramolecular Excimer Formation for Covalently Linked Boron Dipyrromethene Dyes. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:12111-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2070419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. H. Alamiry
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C. Benniston
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Copley
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - David Howgego
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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Angiolini L, Benelli T, Giorgini L. Novel optically active methacrylic polymers containing side-chain porphyrin moieties for chiral recognition. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stuzhin PA, Ul-Haq A, Nefedov SE, Kumeev RS, Koifman OI. Synthesis and Study of the Binuclear μ-Oxodiiron(III) Complexes of 5-Monoaza- and 5,15-Diaza-Substituted β-Octaalkylporphyrins. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Angiolini L, Benelli T, Giorgini L. Polymethacrylic zinc porphyrin: A new approach to chiral recognition. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Kang YJ, Lutz C, Hong SA, Sung DY, Lee JS, Shin JH, Nam HH, Cha GS, Meyerhoff ME. Development of a Fluoride-Selective Electrode based on Scandium(III) Octaethylporphyrin in a Plasticized Polymeric Membrane. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.6.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Benniston AC, Copley G, Harriman A, Howgego D, Harrington RW, Clegg W. Cofacial Boron Dipyrromethene (Bodipy) Dimers: Synthesis, Charge Delocalization, and Exciton Coupling. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2018-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Ali M, Kumar V, Baker SN, Baker GA, Pandey S. J-aggregation of ionic liquid solutions of meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:1886-94. [DOI: 10.1039/b920500d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Shimizu S, Matsuda A, Kobayashi N. Axial Ligand Exchange Reactions of meso-Aryl Subporphyrins—Axially Fluoro-Substituted Subporphyrin and a μ-Oxo Dimer and Trimer of Subporphyrins. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:7885-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900880b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soji Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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D’Souza F, Maligaspe E, Ohkubo K, Zandler ME, Subbaiyan NK, Fukuzumi S. Photosynthetic Reaction Center Mimicry: Low Reorganization Energy Driven Charge Stabilization in Self-Assembled Cofacial Zinc Phthalocyanine Dimer−Fullerene Conjugate. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8787-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ja903467w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis D’Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORT, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eranda Maligaspe
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORT, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORT, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Melvin E. Zandler
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORT, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Navaneetha K. Subbaiyan
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORT, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORT, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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31
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Rosenthal J, Nocera DG. Oxygen Activation Chemistry of Pacman and Hangman Porphyrin Architectures Based on Xanthene and Dibenzofuran Spacers. PROGRESS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470144428.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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32
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Kang Y, Kampf JW, Meyerhoff ME. Optical fluoride sensor based on monomer-dimer equilibrium of scandium(III)-octaethylporphyrin in a plasticized polymeric film. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 598:295-303. [PMID: 17719905 PMCID: PMC2043127 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A fluoride-selective optical sensor based on scandium(III)-octaethylporphyrin (Sc(III)OEP) as an ionophore within a plasticized PVC film is described. The presence of fluoride ion in the aqueous sample phase increases the formation of a difluoro-bridged Sc(III)OEP dimer species in the polymer film. The ability of the Sc(III) porphyrin to form the dimeric structure in the presence of fluoride is confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. For more practical sensing applications, a pH chromoionophore (ETH 7075) is added to the plasticized PVC film along with Sc(III)OEP and the observed optical response is based on coextraction of protons with sample phase fluoride to create the dimeric porphyrin and a protonated chromoionophore species. The selectivity pattern observed is F- >> ClO4(-), SCN-, NO3(-) > Br-, Cl-. Only organic salicylate is a significant interferent. Fast and reversible fluoride response is observed over the range of 10(-4) to 10(-2) M fluoride, allowing use of the sensing film in a waveguide configuration for flow-injection measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjea Kang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States
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Speirs NM, Ebenezer WJ, Jones AC. Observation of a Fluorescent Dimer of a Sulfonated Phthalocyanine¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0760247ooafdo2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Richeter S, Thion J, van der Lee A, Leclercq D. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Properties of Aluminum (III) meso-Tetraphenylporphyrin Complexes Axially Bonded to Phosphinate Anions. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:10049-51. [PMID: 17140208 DOI: 10.1021/ic0617801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (III) meso-tetraphenylporphyrins axially bonded to phosphinate anions have been synthesized and characterized by NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and FAB+ mass spectrometry. According to the solvent and the size of the anion, these compounds are able to self-assemble in two different manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Richeter
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Organisation du Solide, UMR 5637, Université Montpellier II, CC 007, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Miyaji
- a Department of Materials Science , Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University , Johoku, Hamamatsu , 432 , JAPAN
| | - Yoshiaki Kobuke
- a Department of Materials Science , Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University , Johoku, Hamamatsu , 432 , JAPAN
| | - Jiro Kondo
- a Department of Materials Science , Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University , Johoku, Hamamatsu , 432 , JAPAN
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Kamachi M, Kajiwara A, Mori W, Yamaguchi K. Magnetic Behavior of Polymers Containing Paramagnetic Metalloporphyrins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259508031848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikiharu Kamachi
- a Department of Macromolecular Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka , 560 , Japan
| | - Atsushi Kajiwara
- a Department of Macromolecular Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka , 560 , Japan
| | - Wasuke Mori
- b Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka , 560 , Japan
| | - Kizashi Yamaguchi
- b Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka , 560 , Japan
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37
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Kang Y, Meyerhoff ME. Rapid response optical ion/gas sensors using dimer–monomer metalloporphyrin equilibrium in ultrathin polymeric films coated on waveguides. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Development of nitric oxide sensor for asthma attack prevention. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2005.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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39
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Anula HM, Myshkin E, Guliaev A, Luman C, Danilov EO, Castellano FN, Bullerjahn GS, Rodgers MAJ. Photo Processes on Self-Associated Cationic Porphyrins and Plastocyanin Complexes 1. Ligation of Plastocyanin Tyrosine 83 onto Metalloporphyrins and Electron-Transfer Fluorescence Quenching. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:2545-59. [PMID: 16480316 DOI: 10.1021/jp054712t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic properties of the self-associated complexes formed between the anionic surface docking site of spinach plastocyanin and the cationic metalloporphyrins, in which the tyrosine 83 (Y83) moiety is placed just below the docking site, tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (Pd(II)TMPyP(4+) and Zn(II)TMPyP(4+)), have been studied and reported herein. The fluorescence quenching phenomenon of the self-assembled complex of Zn(II)TMPyP(4+)/plastocyanin has also been discovered. The observed red-shifting of the Soret and Q-bands of the UV-visible spectra, ca. 9 nm for Pd(II)TMPyP(4+)/plastocyanin and ca. 6 nm for the Zn(II)TMPyP(4+)/plastocyanin complexes, was explained in terms of exciton theory coupled with the Gouterman model. Thus, the hydroxyphenyl terminus of the Y83 residue of the self-associated plastocyanin/cationic porphyrin complexes was implicated in the charge-transfer ligation with the central metal atoms of these metalloporphyrins. Moreover, ground-state spectrometric-binding studies between Pd(II)TMPyP(4+) and the Y83 mutant plastocyanin (Y83F-PC) system proved that Y83 moiety of plastocyanin played a critical role in the formation of such ion-pair complexes. Difference absorption spectra and the Job's plots showed that the electrostatic attractions between the cationic porphyrins and the anionic patch of plastocyanin, bearing the nearby Y83 residue, led to the predominant formation of a self-associated 1:1 complex in the ground-state with significantly high binding constants (K = (8.0 +/- 1.1) x 10(5) M(-1) and (2.7 +/- 0.8) x 10(6) M(-1) for Pd(II)TMPyP(4+) and zinc variant, respectively) in low ionic strength buffer, 1 mM KCl and 1 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Molecular modeling calculations supported the formation of a 1:1 self-associated complex between the porphyrin and plastocyanin with an average distance of ca. 9 A between the centers of mass of the porphyrin and Y83 positioned just behind the anionic surface docking site on the protein surface. The photoexcited singlet state of Zn(II)TMPyP(4+) was quenched by the Y83 residue of the self-associated plastocyanin in a static mechanism as evidenced by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence experiments. Even when all the porphyrin was complexed (more than 97%), significant residual fluorescence from the complex was observed such that the amplitude of quenching of the singlet state of uncomplexed species was enormously obscured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewa M Anula
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences and Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
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Marotti F, Bonifazi D, Gehrig R, Gallani JL, Diederich F. Fullerene- and porphyrin-appended crown ethers: Synthesis and preparation of stable langmuir and langmuir-blodgett films. Isr J Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1560/f8ld-64mn-ravn-guav] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mårtensson J, Sandros K, Wennerström O. Synthesis and photophysics of diaza-crown ether-based bisporphyrins. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.610071003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Togashi DM, Costa SMB, Sobral AJFN, A. M. d'A. R. Gonsalves. Self-Aggregation of Lipophilic Porphyrins in Reverse Micelles of Aerosol OT. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037901p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denisio M. Togashi
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal, and Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sílvia M. B. Costa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal, and Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Abílio J. F. N. Sobral
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal, and Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. M. d'A. R. Gonsalves
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal, and Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal
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Pescitelli G, Gabriel S, Wang Y, Fleischhauer J, Woody RW, Berova N. Theoretical analysis of the porphyrin-porphyrin exciton interaction in circular dichroism spectra of dimeric tetraarylporphyrins. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:7613-28. [PMID: 12812504 DOI: 10.1021/ja030047v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chiral bis-porphyrins are currently the subject of intense interest as chiral receptors and as probes in the determination of structure and stereochemistry. To provide an improved framework for interpreting the circular dichroism (CD) spectra of bis-porphyrins, we have calculated the CD spectra of chiral bis-porphyrins from three classes: I, where porphyrins can adopt a relatively wide range of orientations relative to each other; II, porphyrins have a fixed relative orientation; III, porphyrins undergo pi-stacking. The calculations primarily utilized the classical polarizability theory of DeVoe, but were supplemented by the quantum mechanical matrix method. Class I was represented by three isomers of the diester of 5alpha-cholestane-3,17-diol with 5-(4'-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphin (2-alphabeta, 2-betaalpha, 2-betabeta). Careful analysis of the torsional degrees of freedom led to two to four minimum-energy conformers for each isomer, in each of which the phenyl-porphyrin bonds had torsional angles near 90 degrees. Libration about these bonds is relatively unrestricted over a range of +/-45 degrees. CD spectra in the Soret region were calculated as Boltzmann-weighted averages over the low-energy conformers for each isomer. Three models were used: the effective transition moment model, in which only one of the degenerate Soret components is considered, along the 5-15 direction; the circular oscillator model, in which both Soret components are given equal weight; and the hybrid model, in which the 10-20 oscillator is given half the weight of the 5-15 oscillator, to mimic the effect of extensive librational averaging about the 5-15 direction. All three models predict Soret exciton couplets with signs in agreement with experiment. Quantitatively, the best results are given by the hybrid and circular oscillator models. These results validate the widely used effective transition moment model for qualitative assignments of bis-porphyrin chirality and thus permit application of the exciton chirality model. However, for quantitative studies, the circular oscillator or hybrid models should be used. The simplified effective transition moment and hybrid models are justified by the librational averaging in the class I bis-porphyrins and should only be used with such systems. Two class II bis-porphyrins were also studied by DeVoe method calculations in the circular oscillator model, which yielded good agreement with experiment. Class III bis-porphyrins were represented by 2-alphaalpha, for which the calculations gave qualitative agreement. However, limitations in the conformational analysis with the close contacts and dynamic effects in these pi-stacked systems preclude quantitative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Pescitelli
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, MC 3114, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Zimmermann J, Siggel U, Fuhrhop JH, Röder B. Excitonic Coupling between B and Q Transitions in a Porphyrin Aggregate. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0340865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Zimmermann
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ullrich Siggel
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen-Hinrich Fuhrhop
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Röder
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Loh ZH, Miller SE, Chang CJ, Carpenter SD, Nocera DG. Excited-State Dynamics of Cofacial Pacman Porphyrins. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026440p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Heng Loh
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Scott E. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Scott D. Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
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Abstract
With very few exceptions, phthalocyanine dimers are found to be nonfluorescent. We report here the observation of a fluorescent dimer of a tetrasulfonated copper phthalocyanine in ethanol and water. Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra at room temperature and at 77 K are presented. These are consistent with the conventional model of exciton coupling in a cofacial dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Speirs
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Chang CJ, Baker EA, Pistorio BJ, Deng Y, Loh ZH, Miller SE, Carpenter SD, Nocera DG. Structural, spectroscopic, and reactivity comparison of xanthene- and dibenzofuran-bridged cofacial bisporphyrins. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:3102-9. [PMID: 12054988 DOI: 10.1021/ic0111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A comparison of the structure, spectroscopy, and oxygen atom-transfer reactivity of cofacial bisporphyrins anchored by xanthene (DPX) and dibenzofuran (DPD) pillars is presented. The synthesis and characterization of dicopper(II) and dinickel(II) complexes of DPD completes a homologous series of homobimetallic zinc(II), copper(II), and nickel(II) complexes for both cofacial platforms. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the parent free-base porphyrins H(4)DPX (1) and H(4)DPD (5) confirms the face-to-face arrangement of the two porphyrin macrocycles with a large available range of vertical pocket sizes: 1 (C(80)H(92)Cl(2)N(8)O), triclinic, space group P1 macro, a = 13.5167(12) A, b = 21.7008(18) A, c = 23.808(2) A, alpha = 80.116(2) degrees, beta = 76.832(2) degrees, gamma = 80.4070(10) degrees, Z = 4; 5 (C(80)H(83)N(8)O(2)), monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 22.666(2) A, b = 13.6749(14) A, c = 42.084(4) A, beta = 94.554(2) degrees, Z = 8. EPR spectroscopy of dicopper(II) derivatives Cu(2)DPX (3) and Cu(2)DPD (7) complements the crystallographic studies by probing intramolecular metal-metal arrangements in frozen solution. Exciton interactions between the porphyrin subunits in fluid solution are revealed by steady-state and time-resolved electronic absorption and emission spectroscopy. The resulting compilation of structural and spectroscopic data provides a benchmark for the use of these and related platforms for the activation of small-molecule substrates. A structure-function relation is developed for the photoinduced oxygen atom-transfer reactions of bisiron(III) mu-oxo derivatives of DPX and DPD. The efficiency of the photochemical process is markedly dependent (approximately 10(4)-fold) on the vertical flexibility of cofacial architecture provided by the spacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Kobayashi N, Furuya F, Yug GC, Wakita H, Yokomizo M, Ishikawa N. Synthesis and characterization of phthalocyanines with direct Si-Si linkages. Chemistry 2002; 8:1474-84. [PMID: 11921232 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20020315)8:6<1474::aid-chem1474>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several cofacial phthalocyanines (Pcs) with an Si-Si linkage were obtained by one-step condensation of 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diimine with hexachlorodisilane as template in quinoline. They were characterized by gel-permeation chromatography, IR, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, and cyclic voltammetry. The results strongly suggest that we indeed obtained Pc dimers directly linked by an Si-Si bond using this novel concept of utilizing a compound/salt with an element-element bond as a template. The cofacial dimer structures are reasonably supported by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), electronic absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra, and molecular orbital (MO) calculations. Interestingly, they show an electronic absorption spectrum very similar to that of silicon tetrabenztriazacorrole (SiTBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Energy Relaxation Dynamics of Excited Triplet States of Directly Linked Zn(II)Porphyrin Arrays. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2002. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2002.23.2.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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