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Cao Y, Tian Y, Liu Y, Su Z. Reg3β: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Tissue Injury and Inflammation-Associated Disorders. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:160-170. [PMID: 33426979 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1869731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since regenerating islet-derived 3β (Reg3β) was first reported, various studies have been conducted to explore the involvement of Reg3β in a gamut of maladies, such as diabetes, pancreatitis, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and extrapancreatic maladies such as inflammatory bowel disease, acute liver failure, and myocardial infarction. Surprisingly, there is currently no systematic review of Reg3β. Therefore, we summarize the structural characteristics, transcriptional regulation, putative receptors, and signaling pathways of Reg3β. The exact functional roles in various diseases, especially gastrointestinal and liver diseases, are also discussed. Reg3β plays multiple roles in promoting proliferation, inducing differentiation, preventing apoptosis, and resisting bacteria. The present review may provide new directions for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Cao
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu Tian
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Laboratory Center, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Laboratory Center, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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2
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Loncle C, Bonjoch L, Folch-Puy E, Lopez-Millan MB, Lac S, Molejon MI, Chuluyan E, Cordelier P, Dubus P, Lomberk G, Urrutia R, Closa D, Iovanna JL. IL17 Functions through the Novel REG3β-JAK2-STAT3 Inflammatory Pathway to Promote the Transition from Chronic Pancreatitis to Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4852-62. [PMID: 26404002 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) offers an optimal model for discovering "druggable" molecular pathways that participate in inflammation-associated cancer development. Chronic pancreatitis, a common prolonged inflammatory disease, behaves as a well-known premalignant condition that contributes to PDAC development. Although the mechanisms underlying the pancreatitis-to-cancer transition remain to be fully elucidated, emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that the actions of proinflammatory mediators on cells harboring Kras mutations promote neoplastic transformation. Recent elegant studies demonstrated that the IL17 pathway mediates this phenomenon and can be targeted with antibodies, but the downstream mechanisms by which IL17 functions during this transition are currently unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that IL17 induces the expression of REG3β, a well-known mediator of pancreatitis, during acinar-to-ductal metaplasia and in early pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions. Furthermore, we found that REG3β promotes cell growth and decreases sensitivity to cell death through activation of the gp130-JAK2-STAT3-dependent pathway. Genetic inactivation of REG3β in the context of oncogenic Kras-driven PDAC resulted in reduced PanIN formation, an effect that could be rescued by administration of exogenous REG3β. Taken together, our findings provide mechanistic insight into the pathways underlying inflammation-associated pancreatic cancer, revealing a dual and contextual pathophysiologic role for REG3β during pancreatitis and PDAC initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Loncle
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Laia Bonjoch
- Experimental Pathology Department, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Folch-Puy
- Experimental Pathology Department, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Belen Lopez-Millan
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Lac
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Inés Molejon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Eduardo Chuluyan
- Laboratory of Immunomodulators, School of Medicine, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)-University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- INSERM UMR U1037, Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de Toulouse, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Dubus
- EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biophysics, and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biophysics, and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York
| | - Daniel Closa
- Experimental Pathology Department, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan L Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
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Parikh A, Stephan AF, Tzanakakis ES. Regenerating proteins and their expression, regulation and signaling. Biomol Concepts 2011; 3:57-70. [PMID: 22582090 DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2011.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerating (Reg) protein family comprises C-type lectin-like proteins discovered independently during pancreatitis and pancreatic islet regeneration. However, an increasing number of studies provide evidence of participation of Reg proteins in the proliferation and differentiation of diverse cell types. Moreover, Reg family members are associated with various pathologies, including diabetes and forms of gastrointestinal cancer. These findings have led to the emergence of key roles for Reg proteins as anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and mitogenic agents in multiple physiologic and disease contexts. Yet, there are significant gaps in our knowledge regarding the regulation of expression of different Reg genes. In addition, the pathways relaying Reg-triggered signals, their targets and potential cross-talk with other cascades are still largely unknown. In this review, the expression patterns of different Reg members in the pancreas and extrapancreatic tissues are described. Moreover, factors known to modulate Reg levels in different cell types are discussed. Several signaling pathways, which have been implicated in conferring the effects of Reg ligands to date, are also delineated. Further efforts are necessary for elucidating the biological processes underlying the action of Reg proteins and their involvement in various maladies. Better understanding of the function of Reg genes and proteins will be beneficial in the design and development of therapies utilizing or targeting this protein group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirath Parikh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260
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Viterbo D, Bluth MH, Lin YY, Mueller CM, Wadgaonkar R, Zenilman ME. Pancreatitis-associated protein 2 modulates inflammatory responses in macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:1948-58. [PMID: 18641332 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.1948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis-associated proteins (PAP) are stress-induced secretory proteins that are implicated in immunoregulation. Previous studies have demonstrated that PAP is up-regulated in acute pancreatitis and that gene knockdown of PAP correlated with worsening severity of pancreatitis, suggesting a protective effect for PAP. In the present study, we investigated the effect of PAP2 in the regulation of macrophage physiology. rPAP2 administration to clonal (NR8383) and primary macrophages were followed by an assessment of cell morphology, inflammatory cytokine expression, and studies of cell-signaling pathways. NR8383 macrophages which were cultured in the presence of PAP2 aggregated and exhibited increased expression of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-10; no significant change was observed in IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 when compared with controls. Chemical inhibition of the NFkappaB pathway abolished cytokine production and PAP facilitated nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and phosphorylation of IkappaB alpha inhibitory protein suggesting that PAP2 signaling involves this pathway. Cytokine responses were dose dependent. Interestingly, similar findings were observed with primary macrophages derived from lung, peritoneum, and blood but not spleen. Furthermore, PAP2 activity was inhibited by the presence of serum, inhibition which was overcome with increased PAP2. Our results demonstrate a new function for PAP2: it stimulates macrophage activity and likely modulates the inflammatory environment of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Viterbo
- Department of Surgery, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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Abstract
Pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) was discovered in the pancreatic juice of rats with acute pancreatitis. PAP is a 16 kDa secretory protein structurally related to the C-type lectins although classical lectin-related function has not been reported yet. Then, it was demonstrated that PAP expression may be activated in some tissues in a constitutive or injury- and inflammation-induced manner. More recently, it has been found that PAP acts as an anti-inflammatory factor in vitro and in vivo. PAP expression can be induced by several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and by itself through a JAK/STAT3-dependent pathway. PAP is able to activate the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor SOCS3 through the JAK/STAT3-dependent pathway. The JAK/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway seems to be a common point between PAP and several cytokines. Therefore, it is reasonable to propose that PAP is a new anti-inflammatory cytokine.
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Skretting G, Austbø L, Olsaker I, Espenes A. Cloning and expression analysis of an ovine PAP-like protein cDNA, a gene differentially expressed in scrapie. Gene 2006; 376:116-22. [PMID: 16635555 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, the mRNA level of a pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP)-like protein was found to be elevated in the ileal Peyer's patch of lambs during the early phase of scrapie infection. Here, we report the isolation of the ovine PAP-like protein cDNA which encodes a putative 178 amino acid protein with a signal peptide and a C-lectin binding domain. Comparisons of REG/PAP proteins between various species showed that the deduced amino acid sequences were conserved. The overall amino acid identity between the ovine PAP-like protein and bovine, human and rat REG/PAP proteins varied from 23% to 85%. In Northern blot analysis the expression of the ovine PAP-like protein mRNA was restricted to the ileal and jejunal Peyer's patches. The cellular expression of the PAP-like protein mRNA in the ovine intestine was further characterized by in situ hybridization. PAP-like protein mRNA was detected in cells of the epithelial lining in most crypts and in some intestinal villi in the ileum and jejunum while in the colon and rectum, the PAP-like protein mRNA expression was only detected in the deep portion of a few crypts. The data provided will offer the possibility to search for a link between this PAP-like protein and early events in the development of scrapie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethe Skretting
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
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Iovanna JL, Dagorn JC. The multifunctional family of secreted proteins containing a C-type lectin-like domain linked to a short N-terminal peptide. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1723:8-18. [PMID: 15715980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Revised: 12/27/2004] [Accepted: 01/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PSP/Lithostathine/PTP/regI, PAP/p23/HIP, reg1L, regIV and "similar to PAP" are the members of a multifunctional family of secreted proteins containing a C-type lectin-like domain linked to a short N-terminal peptide. The expression of this group of proteins is controlled by complex mechanisms, some members being constitutively expressed in certain tissues while, in others, they require activation by several factors. These members have several apparently unrelated biological effects, depending on the member studied and the target cell. These proteins may act as mitogenic, antiapoptotic or anti-inflammatory factors, can regulate cellular adhesion, promote bacterial aggregation, inhibit CaCO3 crystal growth or increase resistance to antitumoral agents. The presence of specific receptors for these proteins is suggested because biological effects were observed after the addition of purified protein to culture media or after systemic administration to animals, whereas other biological effects could be explained by their biochemical capacity to form homo or heteromers or to form insoluble fibrils at physiological pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Iovanna
- INSERM U.624, Stress Cellulaire, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 915, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France.
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Vasseur S, Folch-Puy E, Hlouschek V, Garcia S, Fiedler F, Lerch MM, Dagorn JC, Closa D, Iovanna JL. p8 improves pancreatic response to acute pancreatitis by enhancing the expression of the anti-inflammatory protein pancreatitis-associated protein I. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:7199-207. [PMID: 14660681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m309152200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
p8 is a transcription cofactor whose expression is strongly and rapidly activated in pancreatic acinar cells during the acute phase of pancreatitis. A p8-deficient mouse strain was generated as a tool to investigate its function. Upon induction of acute pancreatitis, myeloperoxidase activity in pancreas and serum concentrations of amylase and lipase were much higher and pancreatic lesions more severe in p8-deficient mice than in wild-type, indicating that p8 expression decreased pancreatic sensitivity to pancreatitis induction. The protective mechanism might involve the pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP I), whose strong induction during pancreatitis is p8-dependent, because administration of anti-PAP I antibodies to rats increased pancreatic inflammation during pancreatitis. In addition, 100 ng/ml PAP I in the culture medium of macrophages prevented their activation by tumor necrosis factor alpha, strongly suggesting that PAP I was an anti-inflammatory factor. Finally, PAP I was able to inhibit NFkappaB activation by tumor necrosis factor alpha, in macrophages and in the AR42J pancreatic acinar cell line. In conclusion, p8 improves pancreatic resistance to inducers of acute pancreatitis by a mechanism implicating the expression of the anti-inflammatory protein PAP I.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Amylases/blood
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/chemistry
- Blotting, Western
- Ceruletide/pharmacology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/biosynthesis
- Lectins, C-Type/chemistry
- Lipase/blood
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pancreatic Elastase/metabolism
- Pancreatitis/metabolism
- Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
- Peroxidase/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Transport
- Proteins
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Trypsin/pharmacology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vasseur
- Centre de Recherche INSERM, EMI 0116, 163 Avenue de Luminy, BP172, 13009 Marseille, France
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Hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatic associated protein (HIP/PAP) is expressed and secreted by proliferating ductules as well as by hepatocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1999; 155:1525-33. [PMID: 10550309 PMCID: PMC1866987 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatic associated protein (HIP/PAP) gene was identified because of its increased expression in 25% of human hepatocellular carcinoma. HIP/PAP protein, a C-type lectin, binds laminin, acts as an adhesion molecule for hepatocytes, and has also been described as an acute phase secretory protein during acute pancreatitis in humans and rats. We investigated HIP/PAP protein expression in patients with various liver diseases associated with ductular reaction. At the same time, we analyzed patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, and tested HIP/PAP protein levels in sera to establish the pattern of secretion. Our data show that HIP/PAP expression was not restricted to hepatocellular carcinoma, but was also detected in cholangiocarcinoma cells as well as in reactive non-malignant bile ductules. In contrast, HIP/PAP protein expression was undetectable in normal mature hepatocytes, but some ductular cells localized at the interface of portal tracts with parenchyma were HIP/PAP immunoreactive in normal liver. Finally, we present evidence that HIP/PAP serum levels were increased in 21/28 (75%) patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and in 25/51 (49%) patients with nonmalignant cirrhosis. Altogether, these results suggest that HIP/PAP protein may be implicated in hepatocytic and cholangiolar differentiation and proliferation.
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Lasserre C, Colnot C, Bréchot C, Poirier F. HIP/PAP gene, encoding a C-type lectin overexpressed in primary liver cancer, is expressed in nervous system as well as in intestine and pancreas of the postimplantation mouse embryo. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1999; 154:1601-10. [PMID: 10329612 PMCID: PMC1866603 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We originally isolated the HIP/PAP gene in a differential screen of a human hepatocellular carcinoma cDNA library. This gene is expressed at high levels in 25% of primary liver cancers but not in nontumorous liver. HIP/PAP belongs to the family of C-type lectins and acts as an adhesion molecule for hepatocytes. In normal adult human tissues, HIP/PAP expression is found in pancreas (exocrine and endocrine cells) and small intestine (Paneth and neuroendocrine cells). In order to gain insight into the possible role of HIP/PAP in vivo, we have investigated the pattern of HIP/PAP expression in the developing postimplantation mouse embryo by in situ hybridization. Detailed analysis of developing mouse embryos revealed that HIP/PAP gene exhibits a restricted expression pattern during development. Thus, HIP/PAP transcripts are first observed within the nervous system from day 14.5 onwards in trigeminal ganglia, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord where it appears to be an early specific marker of a subpopulation of motor neurons. At laster stages, HIP/PAP transcripts were detected in intestine and pancreas at day 16.5 but not in embryonic liver. This highly restricted expression pattern suggests that HIP/PAP might participate in neuronal as well as intestinal and pancreatic cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lasserre
- Unité INSERM 370, CHU Necker and INSERM U 257, Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris, France.
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