1
|
Sugiura K, Maruyama N, Akimoto Y, Matsushita K, Endo T. Paracrine regulation of granulosa cell development in the antral follicles in mammals. Reprod Med Biol 2023; 22:e12538. [PMID: 37638351 PMCID: PMC10457553 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Development of ovarian follicles is regulated by a complex interaction of intra- and extra-follicular signals. Oocyte-derived paracrine factors (ODPFs) play a central role in this process in cooperation with other signals. Methods This review provides an overview of the recent advances in our understanding of the paracrine regulation of antral follicle development in mammals. It specifically focuses on the regulation of granulosa cell development by ODPFs, along with other intrafollicular signals. Main Findings Bi-directional communication between oocytes and surrounding cumulus cells is a fundamental mechanism that determines cumulus cell differentiation. Along with estrogen, ODPFs promote the expression of forkhead box L2, a critical transcription factor required for mural granulosa cells. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) facilitates these processes by stimulating estrogen production in mural granulosa cells. Conclusion Cooperative interactions among ODPFs, FSH, and estrogen are critical in determining the fate of cumulus and mural granulosa cells, as well as the development of oocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugiura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Natsumi Maruyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Akimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kodai Matsushita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Tsutomu Endo
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alan E, Kulak Y. The immunoexpression patterns of fibroblast growth factors in the pregnant and postpartum rat ovary. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:817-830. [PMID: 34758897 DOI: 10.1071/rd21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are polypeptides involved in the regulation of oogenesis and folliculogenesis by inducing ovarian mitogenic, homeostatic and angiogenic activity. This study was aimed at determining the localisation of FGF ligands (FGF1 and FGF2) and FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) in the rat ovary by immunohistochemical analyses, at pregnancy and the postpartum period. During pregnancy and the postpartum period, positive FGF1 immunoreactions were observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of germinative epithelial cells, granulosa cells of follicles in different developmental stages, theca interna cells, interstitial cells, luteal cells and atretic follicles. FGF2 immunoreactivity was strong in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells of the ovarian blood vessels and in the smooth muscle cells of the ovarian cortex and medulla. Strong FGFR2 immunoreactivity was observed in the stromal cells surrounding the blood vessels and rete ovarii. Immunoreaction intensity of the FGF1, FGF2 and FGFR2 had relatively similar abundances between the periods examined. Considering that FGFs act as local regulators in oogenesis, folliculogenesis, follicular atresia, ovulation, corpus luteum formation and regression and angiogenesis, this study supports the idea that FGFs may also be involved in these physiological functions in rat ovaries during pregnancy and postpartum period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emel Alan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yasin Kulak
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Education, Kayseri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Estienne A, Price CA. The fibroblast growth factor 8 family in the female reproductive tract. Reproduction 2018; 155:R53-R62. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several growth factor families have been shown to be involved in the function of the female reproductive tract. One subfamily of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) superfamily, namely the FGF8 subfamily (including FGF17 and FGF18), has become important as Fgf8 has been described as an oocyte-derived factor essential for glycolysis in mouse cumulus cells and aberrant expression ofFGF18has been described in ovarian and endometrial cancers. In this review, we describe the pattern of expression of these factors in normal ovaries and uteri in rodents, ruminants and humans, as well as the expression of their receptors and intracellular negative feedback regulators. Expression of these molecules in gynaecological cancers is also reviewed. The role of FGF8 and FGF18 in ovarian and uterine function is described, and potential differences between rodents and ruminants have been highlighted especially with respect to FGF18 signalling within the ovarian follicle. Finally, we identify major questions about the reproductive biology of FGFs that remain to be answered, including (1) the physiological concentrations within the ovary and uterus, (2) which cell types within the endometrial stroma and theca layer express FGFs and (3) which receptors are activated by FGF8 subfamily members in reproductive tissues.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mishra S, Thakur N, Somal A, Parmar M, Reshma R, Rajesh G, Yadav V, Bharti M, Bharati J, Paul A, Chouhan V, Sharma G, Singh G, Sarkar M. Expression and localization of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family in buffalo ovarian follicle during different stages of development and modulatory role of FGF2 on steroidogenesis and survival of cultured buffalo granulosa cells. Res Vet Sci 2016; 108:98-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
5
|
Wang S, Huang G, Hu Q, Zou Q. A network-based method for the identification of putative genes related to infertility. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2716-24. [PMID: 27102279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility has become one of the major health problems worldwide, with its incidence having risen markedly in recent decades. There is an urgent need to investigate the pathological mechanisms behind infertility and to design effective treatments. However, this is made difficult by the fact that various biological factors have been identified to be related to infertility, including genetic factors. METHODS A network-based method was established to identify new genes potentially related to infertility. A network constructed using human protein-protein interactions based on previously validated infertility-related genes enabled the identification of some novel candidate genes. These genes were then filtered by a permutation test and their functional and structural associations with infertility-related genes. RESULTS Our method identified 23 novel genes, which have strong functional and structural associations with previously validated infertility-related genes. CONCLUSIONS Substantial evidence indicates that the identified genes are strongly related to dysfunction of the four main biological processes of fertility: reproductive development and physiology, gametogenesis, meiosis and recombination, and hormone regulation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The newly discovered genes may provide new directions for investigating infertility. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "System Genetics" Guest Editor: Dr. Yudong Cai and Dr. Tao Huang.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ShaoPeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - GuoHua Huang
- College of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Qinghua Hu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Quan Zou
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, NanKai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abel BS, Shaw ND, Brown JM, Adams JM, Alati T, Martin KA, Pitteloud N, Seminara SB, Plummer L, Pignatelli D, Crowley WF, Welt CK, Hall JE. Responsiveness to a physiological regimen of GnRH therapy and relation to genotype in women with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E206-16. [PMID: 23341491 PMCID: PMC3565114 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is caused by defective GnRH secretion or action resulting in absent or incomplete pubertal development and infertility. Most women with IHH ovulate with physiological GnRH replacement, implicating GnRH deficiency as the etiology. However, a subset does not respond normally, suggesting the presence of defects at the pituitary or ovary. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to unmask pituitary or ovarian defects in IHH women using a physiological regimen of GnRH replacement, relating these responses to genes known to cause IHH. DESIGN, SETTING, AND SUBJECTS This study is a retrospective analysis of 37 IHH women treated with iv pulsatile GnRH (75 ng/kg per bolus). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum gonadotropin and sex steroid levels were measured, and 14 genes implicated in IHH were sequenced. RESULTS During their first cycle of GnRH replacement, normal cycles were recreated in 60% (22 of 37) of IHH women. Thirty percent of women (12 of 37) demonstrated an attenuated gonadotropin response, indicating pituitary resistance, and 10% (3 of 37) exhibited an exaggerated FSH response, consistent with ovarian resistance. Mutations in CHD7, FGFR1, KAL1, TAC3, and TACR3 were documented in IHH women with normal cycles, whereas mutations were identified in GNRHR, PROKR2, and FGFR1 in those with pituitary resistance. Women with ovarian resistance were mutation negative. CONCLUSIONS Although physiological replacement with GnRH recreates normal menstrual cycle dynamics in most IHH women, hypogonadotropic responses in the first week of treatment identify a subset of women with pituitary dysfunction, only some of whom have mutations in GNRHR. IHH women with hypergonadotropic responses to GnRH replacement, consistent with an additional ovarian defect, did not have mutations in genes known to cause IHH, similar to our findings in a subset of IHH men with evidence of an additional testicular defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent S Abel
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sugiura K, Konuma R, Kano K, Naito K. Role of Oocyte-derived Factors in Ovarian Follicular Development and Ovulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1274/jmor.28.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
8
|
Miyoshi T, Otsuka F, Yamashita M, Inagaki K, Nakamura E, Tsukamoto N, Takeda M, Suzuki J, Makino H. Functional relationship between fibroblast growth factor-8 and bone morphogenetic proteins in regulating steroidogenesis by rat granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 325:84-92. [PMID: 20434519 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been recognized as crucial molecules in regulating ovarian physiology, with different BMPs having differential actions in FSH-induced estradiol production. To identify the roles of oocyte factors that modulate steroidogenesis controlled by BMPs, we here investigated the effects of FGF-8 in rat granulosa/oocyte co-cultures. FGF-8 potently suppressed FSH-induced estradiol production, but did not affect cAMP-induced estradiol produced by rat granulosa cells. FGF-8 had no effects on progesterone and cAMP production induced by FSH and forskolin. The inhibitory effects of FGF-8 on FSH-induced estradiol production were not altered by BMP-2, -4, -6 or -7. In the presence of FGF-8, BMPs suppressed FSH-induced progesterone by reducing cAMP, suggesting that FGF-8 and BMP independently regulate FSH receptor signaling. Notably, FGF-8-induced ERK and SAPK/JNK phosphorylation in granulosa cells, in which ERK activation was further enhanced by FSH and oocytes. Inhibition of ERK and SAPK/JNK reduced FSH-induced progesterone and cAMP levels, suggesting that the activation of these pathways enhances FSH-induced cAMP signaling. In addition, ERK inhibition upregulated FSH-induced estradiol synthesis, indicating that ERK pathway is also involved in suppressing aromatase activity in granulosa cells. Interestingly, FGF-8 enhanced BMP-induced Smad1/5/8 and Id-1-promoter activities with decreased expression of Smad6/7. Since the SAPK/JNK inhibitor inhibited FGF-8 effects in upregulating Id-1 transcription, SAPK/JNK appears to be involved in the mechanism by which FGF-8 enhances BMP-Smad signaling. Furthermore, in the presence of oocytes, the inhibition of endogenous FGF receptor signaling suppressed FSH- and forskolin-induced progesterone and cAMP, showing that endogenous FGF system is involved in activation of FSH-induced cAMP-PKA signaling via ERK and SAPK/JNK. Thus, the oocyte factor, FGF-8, not only suppresses FSH-induced estradiol production by activating ERK, but also enhances BMP-Smad signaling in granulosa cells. This interaction between FGF-8 and BMPs may play a key role in regulating steroidogenesis through oocyte-granulosa cell communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Miyoshi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sugiura K, Su YQ, Li Q, Wigglesworth K, Matzuk MM, Eppig JJ. Fibroblast growth factors and epidermal growth factor cooperate with oocyte-derived members of the TGFbeta superfamily to regulate Spry2 mRNA levels in mouse cumulus cells. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:833-41. [PMID: 19553596 PMCID: PMC2770016 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.078485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse oocytes produce members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily, including bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), as well as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). These growth factors cooperate to regulate cumulus cell function. To identify potential mechanisms involved in these interactions, the ability of fully grown oocytes to regulate expression of BMP or FGF antagonists in cumulus cells was examined. Oocytes promoted cumulus cell expression of transcripts encoding antagonists to TGFbeta superfamily members, including Grem2, Htra1, Htra3, and Nog mRNAs. In contrast, oocytes suppressed cumulus cell expression of Spry2 mRNA, which encodes a regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase signals, such as FGF and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signals. The regulation of Spry2 mRNA levels in cumulus cells was studied further as a model for analysis of potential mechanisms for cooperativity of FGF/EGF signaling with oocyte-derived members of the TGFbeta superfamily. Oocytes suppressed basal and FGF-stimulated Spry2 mRNA levels in cumulus cells but promoted EGF-stimulated levels. Furthermore, recombinant TGFbeta superfamily proteins, including BMP15 and GDF9, mimicked these effects of oocytes. Elevated expression of Spry2 mRNA in cumulus and mural granulosa cells correlated with human chorionic gonadotropin-induced expression of mRNAs encoding EGF-like peptides. Therefore, oocyte-derived members of the TGFbeta superfamily suppress FGF-stimulated Spry2 mRNA levels before the luteinizing hormone surge but promote Spry2 mRNA levels stimulated by EGF receptor-mediated signals after the surge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugiura
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Drummond AE, Tellbach M, Dyson M, Findlay JK. Fibroblast growth factor-9, a local regulator of ovarian function. Endocrinology 2007; 148:3711-21. [PMID: 17494997 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is widely expressed in embryos and fetuses and has been shown to be involved in male sex determination, testicular cord formation, and Sertoli cell differentiation. Given its male gender bias, the ovary has not been reported to express FGF9, nor has a role in ovarian function been explored. We report here that FGF9 mRNA and protein are present in the rat ovary and provide evidence that supports a role for FGF9 in ovarian progesterone production. FGF9 mRNA levels as determined by real-time PCR were high in 4-d-old rat ovaries, thereafter declining and stabilizing at levels approximately 30% of d 4 levels at d 12-25. Levels of FGF9 mRNA in the ovary were significantly higher than that present in adult testis, at all ages studied. The FGF9 receptors FGFR2 and FGFR3 mRNAs were present in postnatal and immature rat ovary and appeared to be constitutively expressed. FGF9 protein was localized to theca, stromal cells, and corpora lutea and FGFR2 and FGFR3 proteins to granulosa cells, theca cells, oocytes, and corpora lutea, by immunohistochemistry. Follicular differentiation induced by gonadotropin treatment reduced the expression of FGF9 mRNA by immature rat ovaries, whereas the estrogen-stimulated development of large preantral follicles had no significant effect. In vitro, FGF9 stimulated progesterone production by granulosa cells beyond that elicited by a maximally stimulating dose of FSH. When the granulosa cells were pretreated with FSH to induce LH receptors, FGF9 was found not to be as potent as LH in stimulating progesterone production, nor did it enhance LH-stimulated production. The combined treatments of FSH/FGF9 and FSH/LH, however, were most effective at stimulating progesterone production by these differentiated granulosa cells. Analyses of steroidogenic regulatory proteins indicate that steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and P450 side chain cleavage mRNA levels were enhanced by FGF9, providing a mechanism of action for the increased progesterone synthesis. In summary, the data are consistent with a paracrine role for FGF9 in the ovary.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/genetics
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme/genetics
- Diethylstilbestrol/pharmacology
- Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 9/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 9/metabolism
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Expression/physiology
- Granulosa Cells/cytology
- Granulosa Cells/physiology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Paracrine Communication/physiology
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Pregnancy
- Progesterone/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Steroids/biosynthesis
- Testis/cytology
- Testis/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Drummond
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sugiura K, Su YQ, Diaz FJ, Pangas SA, Sharma S, Wigglesworth K, O'Brien MJ, Matzuk MM, Shimasaki S, Eppig JJ. Oocyte-derived BMP15 and FGFs cooperate to promote glycolysis in cumulus cells. Development 2007; 134:2593-603. [PMID: 17553902 DOI: 10.1242/dev.006882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes are deficient in their ability to carry out glycolysis. Therefore, the products of glycolysis that are necessary for oocyte development are provided to oocytes by companion cumulus cells. Mouse oocytes secrete paracrine factors that promote glycolysis in cumulus cells. The objective of this study was to identify paracrine factors secreted by oocytes that promote glycolysis and expression of mRNA encoding the glycolytic enzymes PFKP and LDHA. Candidates included growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). Bmp15-/- and Gdf9+/- Bmp15-/- (double mutant, DM) cumulus cells exhibited reduced levels of both glycolysis and Pfkp and Ldha mRNA, and mutant oocytes were deficient in promoting glycolysis and expression of Pfkp and Ldha mRNA in cumulus cells of wild-type (WT) mice. Alone, neither recombinant BMP15, GDF9 nor FGF8 promoted glycolysis and expression of Pfkp and Ldha mRNA in WT cumulus cells. Co-treatment with BMP15 and FGF8 promoted glycolysis and increased expression of Pfkp and Ldha mRNA in WT cumulus cells to the same levels as WT oocytes; however, the combinations of BMP15/GDF9 or GDF9/FGF8 did not. Furthermore, SU5402, an FGF receptor-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, inhibited Pfkp and Ldha expression in cumulus cells promoted by paracrine oocyte factors. Therefore, oocyte-derived BMP15 and FGFs cooperate to promote glycolysis in cumulus cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugiura
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Peluso JJ. N-cadherin mediated cell contact inhibits germinal vesicle breakdown in mouse oocytes maintained in vitro. Reproduction 2006; 131:429-37. [PMID: 16514186 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of granulosa cell contact on the ability of zona-free oocytes to undergo germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) was assessed using a granulosa cell co-culture system. Oocytes contacted granulosa cells in a site-specific manner such that their GV was away from the granulosa cells. Also contact with granulosa cells reduced the percentage of oocytes undergoing GVBD from about 40% to 15%. GVBD was inhibited by contact with granulosa cells but not a granulosa cell-secreted product, since oocytes cultured in the same culture, that were adjacent to the granulosa cell monolayer underwent GVBD at the same rate as controls. Similarly, media collected from granulosa cell cultures did not attenuate the rate of GVBD. The ability of granulosa cell contact to inhibit GVBD was equal to that of db-cAMP. Moreover, the ability of granulosa cells to inhibit GVBD was not mimicked by spontaneously immortalized granulosa cells. This cell specificity appeared to be related to N-cadherin, since granulosa cells and oocytes express N-cadherin and a N-cadherin antibody attenuates the effect of granulosa cell contact. The mechanism through which N-cadherin mediated cell contact maintains meiotic arrest is unknown. It is possible that homophilic N-cadherin binding between the granulosa cells and oocyte acts through a junxtacrine mechanism, which in part may lead in the activation fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors that are expressed by the oocyte. The involvement of FGF receptors is supported by the observations that FGF and a N-cadherin peptide known to activate FGF receptors inhibit GVBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Peluso
- Cell Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Buratini J, Teixeira AB, Costa IB, Glapinski VF, Pinto MGL, Giometti IC, Barros CM, Cao M, Nicola ES, Price CA. Expression of fibroblast growth factor-8 and regulation of cognate receptors, fibroblast growth factor receptor-3c and -4, in bovine antral follicles. Reproduction 2005; 130:343-50. [PMID: 16123241 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Paracrine cell signaling is believed to be important for ovarian follicle development, and a role for some members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family has been suggested. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that FGF-8 and its cognate receptors (FGFR3c and FGFR4) are expressed in bovine antral follicles. RT-PCR was used to analyze bovine Fgf8, Fgfr3c and Fgfr4 mRNA levels in oocytes, and granulosa and theca cells. Fgf8 expression was detected in oocytes and in granulosa and theca cells; this expression pattern differs from that reported in rodents. Granulosa and theca cells, but not oocytes, expressed Fgfr3c, and expression in granulosa cells increased significantly with follicle estradiol content, a major indicator of follicle health. Fgfr4 expression was restricted to theca cells in the follicle, and decreased significantly with increasing follicle size. To investigate the potential regulation of Fgfr3c expression in the bovine granulosa, cells were cultured in serum-free medium with FSH or IGF-I; gene expression was upregulated by FSH but not by IGF-I. The FSH-responsive and developmentally regulated patterns of Fgfr3c mRNA expression suggest that this receptor is a potential mediator of paracrine signaling to granulosa cells during antral follicle growth in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Buratini
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Buratini J, Glapinski VF, Giometti IC, Teixeira AB, Costa IB, Avellar MCW, Barros CM, Price CA. Expression of fibroblast growth factor-8 and its cognate receptors, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-3c and-4, in fetal bovine preantral follicles. Mol Reprod Dev 2005; 70:255-61. [PMID: 15625702 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Paracrine cell signaling is thought to be important for ovarian follicle development, and a role for some members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family have been suggested. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that FGF-8 and its cognate receptors (FGFR-3c and FGFR-4) are expressed in bovine preantral follicles. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify bovine FGF-8, FGFR-3c, and FGFR-4 from preantral follicle samples and a variety of fetal and adult tissues. All three genes were widely expressed in fetal tissues, with a restricted expression pattern in adult tissues. FGF-8 and FGFR-3c were expressed in secondary follicles in 70% of fetuses examined, whereas FGFR-4 expression was significantly less frequent (20%). FGFR-3c expression frequency was significantly lower in primordial compared to secondary follicles, and FGF-8 expression showed a similar trend. FGFR-4 was only observed when all follicle classes of an individual were expressing both FGF-8 and FGFR-3c. We conclude that FGF-8 and its receptors are expressed in preantral follicles in a developmentally regulated manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Buratini
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Sãao Paulo, Brasil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li SK, Hearn MT. Isolation of thecal cells: an assessment of purity and steroidogenic potential. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2000; 45:169-81. [PMID: 10989133 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(00)00107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, the responsiveness of rat thecal cells, prepared by means of an optimised discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation procedure and cultured under serum-free cell culture conditions, to different concentrations of follitropin (FSH), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2 or bFGF), and lutropin (LH) has been examined. The estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone (P(4)) contents of the cell culture medium were simultaneously determined with aliquots collected after different times of exposure to these regulatory proteins, either individually or in combination. The results confirm that no E(2) could be detected in the cell culture medium of the rat thecal cells prepared and cultured in this manner following all of these different treatments, and hence no contamination of the thecal cell preparations by granulosa cells was evident. The effects of FGF-2 and LH on the steroidogenic and cytodifferentiational properties of these rat thecal cells under serum-free cell culture procedures were also examined. The production of P(4) in the Percoll-purified rat thecal cell cultures receiving different treatments of FSH, and/or FGF-2 did not differ from the basal cell cultures, and no E(2) was detected from the same culture media. In contrast, LH (20 or 50 ng/ml) was found to enhance the production of P(4) (P<0.05) in the serum-free cell culture media. The stimulation of P(4) production was greater at higher LH concentration (50 ng/ml) (P<0.05). Concurrent treatment of LH (20 or 50 ng/ml) and FGF-2 (1-100 ng/ml) showed that FGF-2 inhibited the production of P(4) by LH-stimulated thecal cell cultures (P<0.05). The inhibition by FGF-2 was greater when LH was at a lower concentration (EC(50)<1 ng/ml at LH-20 ng/ml vs. EC(50)>1 ng/ml at LH-50 ng/ml). The results of the present study thus indicate that rat thecal cells isolated by this optimised Percoll density centrifugation procedure maintain a very high steroidogenic potential and specificity. Consistent with the absence of contaminating granulosa cells, these rat theca cell preparations do not respond to FSH treatment in terms of E(2) production. However, these rat theca cell preparations can be stimulated by LH to express their differentiated status in serum-free medium and respond to growth factors such as FGF-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Li
- Centre for Bioprocess Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3168, Clayton, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ogawa K, Wakayama A, Kunisada T, Orii H, Watanabe K, Agata K. Identification of a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in germ cell differentiation in planarians. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 248:204-9. [PMID: 9675112 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate external signals involved in germ cell differentiation from somatic stem cells, we have tried to identify protein kinases whose expression is regulated during the process of sexualization of asexual-state planarians. It is known that in planarians germ cells differentiate from totipotent somatic stem cells called "neoblasts" during sexualization. As a first step, we have isolated twelve protein kinase genes from cDNAs of sexual-state planarians, including three non-receptor tyrosine kinases, three receptor-tyrosine kinases and three non-receptor serine/threonine kinases, and then analyzed their expression patterns during sexualization. One of them, the DjPTK1 gene, is specifically expressed in germ cells of sexual-state planarians. DjPTK1-positive cells were also detected in the mesenchymal space during the process of sexualization, and it appears that these cells migrate to the dorsal side and then differentiate into spermatogonia/spermatocytes in testis. Sequence analysis indicated that the DjPTK1 gene encodes a receptor protein tyrosine kinase belonging to the FGFR/PDGF family. These results suggest that a receptor tyrosine kinase system may be involved both at an early stage of germ cell differentiation and in a step of germ cell maturation in planarians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Ogawa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Valve E, Penttilä TL, Paranko J, Härkönen P. FGF-8 is expressed during specific phases of rodent oocyte and spermatogonium development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 232:173-7. [PMID: 9125125 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the localization of the expression of FGF-8 mRNA in adult and developing rat and mouse gonads by in situ hybridization. The expression of FGF-8 mRNA was high in oocytes of small and large antral follicles of adult mouse ovaries. No signal was observed in fetal ovaries, or in primordial and atretic follicles of adult ovary. In mouse testis, the FGF-8 mRNA signal could be demonstrated in prespermatogonia during a short period covering the fetal days 15 to 17, but not any more on day 19 of fetal life, or in adult testis. The time course of the expression of FGF-8 mRNA in mouse testis was confirmed by RT-PCR reaction. Corresponding in situ results were obtained by studying rat tissues. The observed germ cell-specific expression of FGF-8 mRNA in maturing oocytes and fetal prespermatogonia suggests that FGF-8, which is a secretory protein, has a paracrine function during the specific phases of the maturation of the follicle and fetal seminiferous epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Valve
- Department of Anatomy, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Teuscher C, Wardell BB, Lunceford JK, Michael SD, Tung KS. Aod2, the locus controlling development of atrophy in neonatal thymectomy-induced autoimmune ovarian dysgenesis, co-localizes with Il2, Fgfb, and Idd3. J Exp Med 1996; 183:631-7. [PMID: 8627174 PMCID: PMC2192444 DOI: 10.1084/jem.183.2.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In genetically susceptible strains of mice, such as A/J and (C57BL/6J x A/J)F1 hybrids, neonatal thymectomy-induced autoimmune ovarian dysgenesis (AOD) is characterized by the development of antiovarian autoantibodies, oophoritis, and atrophy. Temporally, atrophy may be observed during and after the regression of inflammatory infiltrates from the ovary. Histologically, lesions appear as areas devoid of ovarian follicles in all stages of development that have been replaced by luteinized interstitial cells. We report here the mapping of Aod2, the locus that controls this phenotype, to mouse chromosomes 3 within a region encoding Il2 and Fgfb. Most significant, however, is the co-localization of Aod2 to Idd3, a susceptibility gene that plays a role in autoimmune insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes mellitus in the nonobese diabetic mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Teuscher
- Department of Microbiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
van Wezel IL, Umapathysivam K, Tilley WD, Rodgers RJ. Immunohistochemical localization of basic fibroblast growth factor in bovine ovarian follicles. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1995; 115:133-40. [PMID: 8824888 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(95)03678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF2) controls cell proliferation and differentiation in many organs and tissues. In the ovary, cells proliferate and differentiate during folliculogenesis and during formation of the corpus luteum. While previous studies have inferred a role for bFGF in these processes, the precise contribution of bFGF to follicular activation or recruitment has not been established. For this reason, bFGF was immunolocalized in bovine follicles, using anti-bFGF immunoglobulin specific for the 1-24-amino acid terminus of the 18-kDa peptide. Basic FGF was immunolocalized to the cytoplasm of oocytes from bovine primordial and primary follicles. Strong immunostaining was also observed in corpora lutea, the ovarian surface epithelium, and smooth muscle cells surrounding blood vessels, while substantial levels of immunostaining were also present in cells of the theca interna. In most of the healthy antral follicles examined, the three or so layers of granulosa cells which were closest to the basement membrane were also stained, with greatest levels of staining at the most basal region of each cell. Atretic antral follicles had significant and uniform levels of immunostaining throughout the theca interna and the membrana granulosa. Immunostaining as described above was reduced to background levels when the primary specific immunoglobulin was preabsorbed with a 350 molar excess of peptide comprising the NH2-terminal 24 amino acids of bFGF. Based upon our previous observations and those reported here, we propose that basic fibroblast growth factor is synthesized by immature oocytes, especially those from primordial and primary follicles, and that bFGF has a potential role in activating follicle growth via stimulation of granulosa cell proliferation and follicular basement membrane synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I L van Wezel
- Department of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|