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Berrino E, Micheli L, Carradori S, di Cesare Mannelli L, Guglielmi P, De Luca A, Carta F, Ghelardini C, Secci D, Supuran CT. Novel Insights on CAI-CORM Hybrids: Evaluation of the CO Releasing Properties and Pain-Relieving Activity of Differently Substituted Coumarins for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1892-1908. [PMID: 36701258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pain control is among the most important healthcare services in patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the current therapeutic options (i.e., disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) are limited by the risk of the side effects. In this context, we proposed an innovative approach based on the hybridization between carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and CO releasing molecules (CORMs). The resulting CAI-CORM hybrids were revealed to possess strong anti-inflammatory effects in in vitro models of diseases and to relieve ache symptoms in an in vivo RA rat model. In this work, we have deepened the study of these promising hybrids, designing a library of coumarin-based compounds, also including internal dicobalt hexacarbonyl systems. The results obtained from the CO releasing study, the CA inhibitory activity, and the in vivo pain-relief efficacy evaluation in the RA rat model confirmed the success of this strategy, allowing us to consider CAI-CORM hybrids promising anti-nociceptive agents against arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Berrino
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence, Italy.,Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, V.le G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenzo di Cesare Mannelli
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, V.le G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, V.le G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence, Italy
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Lee J, Bae Y, Kim NJ, Lim S, Kim YM, Kim J, Chin YW. Anti-rheumatic, and analgesic effects by the parent tuberous roots of Aconitum jaluense in adjuvant induced arthritis rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:114518. [PMID: 34637968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to test the anti-rheumatic effects of A. jaluense tubers in acute and chronic arthritis rats, and to assign its ingredients through UHPLC-TOF/MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subcutaneous injection of carrageenan for acute arthritis and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) for chronic arthritis was carried out in the hind paw of SD rats. The paw volume was measured by a plethysmometer thermal hyperalgesia was tested using a thermal plantar tester, and mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated by ankle flexion evoked vocalizations. The expression of c-Fos in the brain hippocampus was measured with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. The ingredients were assigned by UHPLC-TOF/MS, chromatography was performed by UHPLC system with DAD detector and BEH C18 column, and spectroscopy was conducted by ESI-MS system. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The 80% ethanoic extract of A. jaluense tubers showed an acute anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the edema volume in the hind paw of carrageenan-stimulated rats. In addition, A. jaluense tubers exerted an anti-rheumatic activity by reducing the secondary swelling volume from an immunological reaction in the left hind paw of CFA-induced chronic arthritis rats. Additionally, oral treatment with the 80% ethanoic extract -showed potent analgesic effects in the arthritis rats by recovering the paw withdrawal latency stimulated by the thermal hyperalgesia and by reducing the vocalization scores evoked by ankle flexion on both hind paws. Moreover, its treatment also indicated an anti-psychiatric effect by controlling the c-Fos protein expression of the brain hippocampus in CFA-stimulated arthritis rats. These results suggested that these therapeutic effects were exhibited by less toxic mono-esterified diterpenoid alkaloids (MDAs), and nontoxic non-esterified diterpenoid alkaloids (NDAs). CONCLUSION A. jaluense tubers may act as viable therapeutic or preventive candidates for acute and chronic arthritis, particularly, for immune-inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis to suppress the pain and psychiatric condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiSuk Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - YoungChul Bae
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Nam Jae Kim
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Sabina Lim
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Lee J, Lim S. Anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic effects by the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114209. [PMID: 34015366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The young branches of C. cassia Blume (Cinnamomi Ramulus; Guizhi; ; C. cassia twigs) have long been used as an anti-pyretic, anti-rheumatic, anti-spasmodic and stomachic in traditional medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to test the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-arthritic effects of Cinnamomum cassia twigs in acute and chronic arthritis rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subcutaneous injection of carrageenan for acute inflammation and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) for chronic arthritis was carried out in the hind paw of SD rats. The paw volume was measured by a plethysmometer; thermal hyperalgesia was tested using a thermal plantar tester; hyperalgesia was evaluated by ankle flexion evoked vocalizations. The c-Fos expression in the lumbar spinal cord was measured with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. The nitric oxide (NO) generation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells was tested by Griess assay. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION An 80% ethanoic extract of the C. cassia twigs exhibited chronic anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities by reducing the edema volume in the paws of CFA-induced chronic arthritis in rats. In addition, it showed analgesic effects through the recovery of the paw withdrawal latency stimulated by thermal hyperalgesia, and suppressing the vocalization scores evoked by ankle flexion in the hind paws of the arthritis rats. It also controlled c-Fos expression in the lumbar spinal cord of the arthritis rats. Moreover, the addition its 80%-ethanoic extract, specifically, its ethyl acetate fraction, powerfully suppressed the paw swelling in carrageenan-stimulated arthritis and the NO production in LPS-induced murine immune cells. CONCLUSION C. cassia twigs may act as a viably sufficient therapeutic or preventive candidate for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis; additionally, it could prevent gastrointestinal damage with its gastric protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiSuk Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Sabina Lim
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Yang Y, Sheng Q, Nie Z, Liu L, Zhang W, Chen G, Ye F, Shi L, Lv Z, Xie J, Wang D. Daphnetin inhibits spinal glial activation via Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuates CFA-induced inflammatory pain. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107882. [PMID: 34182245 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Daphnetin (7, 8-dihydroxycoumarin, DAPH), a coumarin derivative isolated from Daphne odora var., recently draws much more attention as a promising drug candidate to treat neuroinflammatory diseases due to its protective effects against neuroinflammation. However, itscontribution to chronic inflammatory pain is largely unknown. In the current work, we investigated the effects of DAPH in a murine model of inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and its possible underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that DAPH treatment significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia provoked by CFA. A profound inhibition of spinal glial activation, followed by attenuated expression levels of spinal pro-inflammatory cytokines, was observed in DAPH-treated inflammatory pain mice. Further study demonstrated that DAPH mediated negative regulation of spinal NF-κB pathway, as well as its preferential activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in inflammatory pain mice. This study, for the first time, indicated that DAPH might preventthe development of mechanical allodynia in mice with inflammatory pain. And more importantly, these data provide evidence for the potential application of DAPH in the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qing Sheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zuoming Nie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guiqian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Junjing Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Sun X, Cao L, Ge JL, Ge JY, Yang XF, Du BX, Song J. The NLRP3-related inflammasome modulates pain behavior in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Life Sci 2021; 277:119489. [PMID: 33862118 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) may play an important role in neuropathic pain. Treatment for trigeminal neuropathic pain remains a challenge, as common drugs either do not demonstrate beneficial therapeutic effects or induce intolerance in patients. MAIN METHODS In a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain, pain caused by the malpositioning of dental implants is similar to that experienced by humans. We used masculine Sprague-Dawley rats with inferior alveolar nerve damage as a model to investigate the differential regulation of NLRP3. First, we confirmed the level of NLRP3 in the medullary dorsal horn and variation of pain response behavior after silencing the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome bodies in rats with trigeminal neuropathic pain. Second, under localized anesthesia, we extracted the lower left second molar, implanted a micro-dental implant, and deliberately injured the inferior alveolar nerve. KEY FINDINGS After nerve damage, the level of NLRP3-related inflammasomes was upregulated in microglia and the expression of a component of the inflammasome gradually increased during postoperative days 3-21. The suppression of adenovirus-shRNA-NLRP3 on postoperative day 1 markedly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of the inflammasome and mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, it attenuated cell death in microglia, as evidenced by increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, and Bik expression. SIGNIFICANCE The level of NLRP3 in the dorsal horn is a pivotal factor in trigeminal neuropathic pain, and inhibition of the early expression of NLRP3 might serve as a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Cao
- ICU, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Lin Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Yun Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo-Xiang Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Peng S, Hu C, Liu X, Lei L, He G, Xiong C, Wu W. Rhoifolin regulates oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels in Freund's adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis via inhibition of NF-κB. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9489. [PMID: 32401927 PMCID: PMC7233197 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of knee joints involving pain and inflammation. Rhoifolin is a plant flavonoid known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was taken to identify the effect of rhoifolin on complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in the rat model. Treatment with rhoifolin (10 and 20 mg/kg) showed a significant improvement in the overall health parameters such as paw edema and weight loss. This improvement in morphological parameters corroborated the findings with gross morphological changes observed in the histopathological analysis. Rhoifolin treatment also caused a significant decrease in oxidative stress, evident from changes in intracellular levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase in the articular cartilage tissue. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin(IL)-1β, and IL-6 showed a significant downregulation of gene expression and intracellular protein concentration levels. The NF-κB pathway showed a significant attenuation as evident in the significant reduction in the levels of NF-κB p65 and p-IκB-α. These results indicated that rhoifolin can be a natural therapeutic alternative to the extant regimens, which include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants. Additionally, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action of rhoifolin was probably mediated by the NF-κB pathway. However, the exact target molecules of this pathway need to be determined in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanqin Peng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congqi Hu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 455th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong He
- YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Chenming Xiong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medical Gynecology, Wenzhou Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, China
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Kusuda R, Carreira EU, Ulloa L, Cunha FQ, Kanashiro A, Cunha TM. Choline attenuates inflammatory hyperalgesia activating nitric oxide/cGMP/ATP-sensitive potassium channels pathway. Brain Res 2019; 1727:146567. [PMID: 31783002 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
New findings on neural regulation of immunity are allowing the design of novel pharmacological strategies to control inflammation and nociception. Herein, we report that choline, a 7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChRs) agonist, prevents carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia without affecting inflammatory parameters (neutrophil migration or cytokine/chemokines production) or inducing sedation or even motor impairment. Choline also attenuates prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2)-induced hyperalgesia via α7nAChR activation and this antinociceptive effect was abrogated by administration of LNMMA (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), ODQ (an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase; cGMP), andglibenclamide(an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive potassium channels). Furthermore, choline attenuates long-lasting Complete Freund's Adjuvant and incision-induced hyperalgesia suggesting its therapeutic potential to treat pain in rheumatoid arthritis or post-operative recovery, respectively. Our results suggest that choline modulates inflammatory hyperalgesia by activating the nitric oxide/cGMP/ATP-sensitive potassium channels without interfering in inflammatory events, and could be used in persistent pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Kusuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eleonora Uchôa Carreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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8
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Li L, Yao L, Wang F, Zhang Z. Knock-down of JAK2 and PTEN on pain behavior in rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Gene 2019; 719:144080. [PMID: 31454541 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuropathic pain is seen as a huge clinical challenge. Although numerous drugs have been developed to treat the condition, some patients have shown intolerance to the drugs and thus continue to suffer. In the present study, a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain was established using incorrectly positioned dental implants, which had various manifestations that were similar to human trigeminal neuropathic pain. Using this model, we investigated the differential regulation of JAK2 and PTEN. Firstly, we examined the expression of JAK2 and PTEN in the medullary dorsal horn. After inhibiting JAK2/PTEN, we evaluated nociception-related behavioral alterations. The rat models were established by replacing the left lower second molar with a mini dental implant. Immunoblot assay and immunofluorescence experiments indicated high expression of JAK2 and PTEN in medullary dorsal horn after the nerve injury, which attained plateau levels on post-operative day (POD) 5-10 and 10-20. Administration of adenovirus-shRNA-JAK2 on POD 1 reduced mechanical allodynia and downstream STAT activation. Meanwhile, the administration of adenovirus-shRNA-PTEN on POD 1 attenuated mechanical allodynia while upregulating AKT. In addition to postoperative JAK2 and PTEN activation, dexmedetomidine treatment (10 mg/kg) also modulated the downstream sensors of these signaling molecules. These data suggest that JAK2 and PTEN are pivotal to the development of trigeminal neuropathic pain, and that JAK2 and PTEN suppression alleviates the neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Li
- Department of Pain, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Lingling Yao
- Department of Pain, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Fengjuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
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9
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Acquisition of analgesic properties by the cholecystokinin (CCK)/CCK2 receptor system within the amygdala in a persistent inflammatory pain condition. Pain 2019; 160:345-357. [PMID: 30281531 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pain is associated with negative emotions such as anxiety, but the underlying neurocircuitry and modulators of the association of pain and anxiety remain unclear. The neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) has both pronociceptive and anxiogenic properties, so we explored the role of CCK in anxiety and nociception in the central amygdala (CeA), a key area in control of emotions and descending pain pathways. Local infusion of CCK into the CeA of control rats increased anxiety, as measured in the light-dark box test, but had no effect on mechanical sensitivity. By contrast, intra-CeA CCK infusion 4 days after Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) injection into the hindpaw resulted in analgesia, but also in loss of its anxiogenic capacity. Inflammatory conditions induced changes in the CeA CCK signaling system with an increase of CCK immunoreactivity and a decrease in CCK1, but not CCK2, receptor mRNA. In CFA rats, patch-clamp experiments revealed that CCK infusion increased CeA neuron excitability. It also partially blocked the discharge of wide dynamic range neurons in the dorsal spinal cord. These effects of CCK on CeA and spinal neurons in CFA rats were mimicked by the specific CCK2 receptor agonist, gastrin. This analgesic effect was likely mediated by identified CeA neurons projecting to the periaqueductal gray matter that express CCK receptors. Together, our data demonstrate that intra-CeA CCK infusion activated a descending CCK2 receptor-dependent pathway that inhibited spinal neuron discharge. Thus, persistent pain induces a functional switch to a newly identified analgesic capacity of CCK in the amygdala, indicating central emotion-related circuit controls pain transmission in spinal cord.
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10
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El Qashty RMN, Mohamed NN, Radwan LRS, Ibrahim FMM. Effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on healing of temporomandibular joints in rats with induced rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:272-281. [PMID: 29952027 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The healing capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) has been evaluated in various studies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BMMSCs on the healing of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) with induced rheumatoid arthritis. Fifty healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: group I (n = 10), negative control; group II (n = 20), positive control (induction of arthritis by adjuvant followed by intravenous injection of 0.1 ml of PBS); and group III (n = 20), intervention (as for group II but injected intravenously with 1 × 106 cells ml-1 of BMMSCs suspended in PBS). Half of the rats in each group were euthanized 3 wk after the start of the experiment and the other half was euthanized after 5 wk. Group I revealed normal TMJ features. Group II showed thickening of disc, thinning of cartilage, disordered bone trabeculae, and decreased in mean % area staining positive of collagen fibers at 3 wk, while at 5 wk these effects were more aggravated. Group III showed nearly normal thickness of disc and condylar cartilage, nearly normal arrangement of bone trabeculae and regenerated collagen fibers at 3 wk, while after 5 wk the TMJ features were almost normal. Two-way anova revealed statistically significant differences between groups. Thus, treatment of induced rheumatoid arthritis with BMMSCs shows promising results that need to be further investigated in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M N El Qashty
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nesreen N Mohamed
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lobna R S Radwan
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Fatma M M Ibrahim
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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11
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Deseure K, Hans GH. Differential drug effects on spontaneous and evoked pain behavior in a model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. J Pain Res 2017; 10:279-286. [PMID: 28184169 PMCID: PMC5291328 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s124526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Baclofen and morphine have shown efficacy against mechanical allodynia after infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury (IoN-CCI). No drug effects have yet been reported on spontaneous trigeminal neuropathic pain. It has been proposed that the directed face grooming behavior that also develops following IoN-CCI offers a measure of spontaneous trigeminal neuropathic pain. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We examined the effects of a continuous 1-week infusion of 30 mg/day carbamazepine (the first-line drug treatment for trigeminal neuralgia), 1.06 mg/day baclofen, 4.18 mg/day clomipramine, and 5 mg/day morphine on spontaneous and mechanically evoked pain behavior (ie, directed face grooming and von Frey testing) in IoN-CCI rats. RESULTS Isolated face grooming was significantly reduced in rats receiving carbamazepine and baclofen but not in clomipramine- or morphine-treated rats. All drugs showed significant antiallodynic effects; carbamazepine showed the strongest effects, whereas clomipramine had only minor efficacy. CONCLUSION The tested drugs have differential effects in the IoN-CCI model, and different neuropathological mechanisms may underlie the different somatosensory symptoms in this model. A mechanism-based approach may be needed to treat (trigeminal) neuropathic pain. The present data support IoN-CCI as a model of trigeminal neuralgia in which isolated face grooming is used as a measure of spontaneous neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Deseure
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk
| | - G H Hans
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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12
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Liao AH, Chung HY, Chen WS, Yeh MK. Efficacy of Combined Ultrasound-and-Microbubbles-Mediated Diclofenac Gel Delivery to Enhance Transdermal Permeation in Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Rat. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:1976-1985. [PMID: 27181685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A previous study that investigated the effect of ultrasound (US) on the transdermal permeation of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac found that therapeutic US can increase circulation in an inflamed joint and decrease arthritic pain. Transdermal drug delivery has recently been demonstrated by US combined with microbubbles (MB) contrast agent (henceforth referred to as "US-MB"). The present study evaluated the efficacy of US-MB-mediated diclofenac delivery for treating adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in rats. RA was induced by injecting 100 μL of complete Freund's adjuvant into the ankle joint of male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) that were randomly divided into five treatment groups: (i) carbopol gel alone (the control [group C]), (ii) diclofenac-carbopol gel (group D), (iii) US plus carbopol gel (group U), (iv) US plus diclofenac-carbopol gel (group DU) and (v) US-MB plus diclofenac-carbopol gel (group DUB). The ankle width was measured over 10 d using high-frequency (40-MHz) US B-mode and color Doppler-mode imaging, covering the period before and after treatment. Longitudinal US images of the induced RA showed synovitis and neovascularity. Only a small amount of neovascularity was observed after treatment. The recovery rate on day 10 was significantly higher in group DUB (97.7% ± 2.7%, mean ± standard deviation [SD]) than in groups C (1.0% ± 2.7%), D (37.5% ± 4.6%), U (75.5% ± 4.2%) and DU (87.3% ± 5.2%) (p < 0.05). The results obtained indicate that combining US and MB can increase the skin permeability and thereby enhance the delivery of diclofenac sodium gel and thereby inhibit inflammation of the tissues surrounding the arthritic ankle. Color Doppler-mode imaging revealed that US-MB treatment induced a rapid reduction in synovial neoangiogenesis in the arthritic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ho Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Huan-Yu Chung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shiang Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan; National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kung Yeh
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Ruknuddin G, Patgiri BJ, Prajapati PK, Ashok BK, Ravishankar B. Anti-arthritic Activity of Dashanga Ghana (An Ayurvedic Compound Formulation) Against Freund's Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in Charles Foster Albino Rats. Toxicol Int 2016; 22:141-6. [PMID: 26862275 PMCID: PMC4721162 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.172279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Arthritis is the most common cause of disability, limiting the activities of adults throughout the world. Apart from the conventional treatment strategies using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and glucocorticoids, newer and safer drugs are continuously being searched, as long-term usage of these drugs have resulted in adverse effects. Besides this, currently a number of medicinal plants are under scientific evaluation to develop a promising remedy in these cases. There is a need to investigate the complete therapeutic potential of these herbals for providing newer and safer treatment options with minimum side effects. Considering this, a polyherbal Ayurvedic compound formulation (Dashanga Ghana) has been studied in experimental animals to evaluate anti-arthritic activity. Materials and Methods: Dashanga Ghana has been prepared in the laboratory by following standard guidelines. Charles Foster albino rats were used to evaluate the activity through Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis model. Results and Conclusions: Dashanga Ghana is found to possess significant anti-arthritic activity. Further studies are required to identify and characterize exact active phyto-constituents and to elucidate the exact mechanism of action, which is responsible for the observed pharmacological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galib Ruknuddin
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - B J Patgiri
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - P K Prajapati
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - B K Ashok
- Drug Discovery Group, R&D Centre, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bangalore, India
| | - B Ravishankar
- SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, India
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14
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Methods for Testing Immunological Factors. DRUG DISCOVERY AND EVALUATION: PHARMACOLOGICAL ASSAYS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7122208 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05392-9_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity reactions can be elicited by various factors: either immunologically induced, i.e., allergic reactions to natural or synthetic compounds mediated by IgE, or non-immunologically induced, i.e., activation of mediator release from cells through direct contact, without the induction of, or the mediation through immune responses. Mediators responsible for hypersensitivity reactions are released from mast cells. An important preformed mediator of allergic reactions found in these cells is histamine. Specific allergens or the calcium ionophore 48/80 induce release of histamine from mast cells. The histamine concentration can be determined with the o-phthalaldehyde reaction.
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15
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Hawkins P, Armstrong R, Boden T, Garside P, Knight K, Lilley E, Seed M, Wilkinson M, Williams RO. Applying refinement to the use of mice and rats in rheumatoid arthritis research. Inflammopharmacology 2015; 23:131-50. [PMID: 26168847 PMCID: PMC4508365 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-015-0241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a painful, chronic disorder and there is currently an unmet need for effective therapies that will benefit a wide range of patients. The research and development process for therapies and treatments currently involves in vivo studies, which have the potential to cause discomfort, pain or distress. This Working Group report focuses on identifying causes of suffering within commonly used mouse and rat ‘models’ of RA, describing practical refinements to help reduce suffering and improve welfare without compromising the scientific objectives. The report also discusses other, relevant topics including identifying and minimising sources of variation within in vivo RA studies, the potential to provide pain relief including analgesia, welfare assessment, humane endpoints, reporting standards and the potential to replace animals in RA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Hawkins
- Research Animals Department, RSPCA, Wilberforce Way, Southwater, West Sussex, RH13 9RS, UK,
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16
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Chen JJ, Dai L, Zhao LX, Zhu X, Cao S, Gao YJ. Intrathecal curcumin attenuates pain hypersensitivity and decreases spinal neuroinflammation in rat model of monoarthritis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10278. [PMID: 25988362 PMCID: PMC4437313 DOI: 10.1038/srep10278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a major component of turmeric and reportedly has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Neuroinflammation has been recognized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases in the central nervous system. Here we investigated the anti-nociceptive and anti-neuroinflammatory effect of curcumin on arthritic pain in rats. We found that repeated oral treatment with curcumin, either before or after complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) injection, dose-dependently attenuated CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, but had no effect on joint edema. Repeated intrathecal injection of curcumin reversed CFA-induced pain hypersensitivity. Furthermore, such a curcumin treatment reduced CFA-induced activation of glial cells and production of inflammatory mediators [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and monocyte inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1α)] in the spinal cord. Curcumin also decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced production of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, MCP-1, and MIP-1α in cultured astrocytes and microglia. Our results suggest that intrathecal curcumin attenuates arthritic pain by inhibiting glial activation and the production of inflammatory mediators in the spinal cord, suggesting a new application of curcumin for the treatment of arthritic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Chen
- 1] Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China [2] Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Lin Dai
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Lin-Xia Zhao
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Su Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
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17
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Fonseca MD, Cunha FQ, Kashfi K, Cunha TM. NOSH-aspirin (NBS-1120), a dual nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide-releasing hybrid, reduces inflammatory pain. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00133. [PMID: 26236481 PMCID: PMC4492749 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of nitric oxide (NO)- and hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has generated more potent anti-inflammatory drugs with increased safety profiles. A new hybrid molecule incorporating both NO and H2S donors into aspirin (NOSH-aspirin) was recently developed. In the present study, the antinociceptive activity of this novel molecule was compared with aspirin in different models of inflammatory pain. It was found that NOSH-aspirin inhibits acetic acid-induced writhing response and carrageenan (Cg)-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent (5–150 μmol/kg, v.o.) manner, which was superior to the effect of the same doses of aspirin. NOSH-aspirin’s antinociceptive effect was also greater and longer compared to aspirin upon complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia. Mechanistically, NOSH-aspirin, but not aspirin, was able to reduce the production/release of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) during Cg-induced paw inflammation. Furthermore, NOSH-aspirin, but not aspirin, reduced prostaglandin E2-induced hyperalgesia, which was prevented by treatment with a ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) blocker (glibenclamide; glib.). Noteworthy, the antinociceptive effect of NOSH-aspirin was not associated with motor impairment. The present results indicate that NOSH-aspirin seems to present greater potency than aspirin to reduce inflammatory pain in several models. The enhanced effects of NOSH-aspirin seems to be due to its ability to reduce the production of pronociceptive cytokines such as IL-1 β and directly block hyperalgesia caused by a directly acting hyperalgesic mediator in a mechanism dependent on modulation of KATP channels. In conclusion, we would like to suggest that NOSH-aspirin represents a prototype of a new class of analgesic drugs with more potent effects than the traditional NSAID, aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam D Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York Medical School New York, NY, 10031 ; Avicenna Pharmaceuticals Inc. New York, NY, 10019
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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18
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19
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Caspani O, Reitz MC, Ceci A, Kremer A, Treede RD. Tramadol reduces anxiety-related and depression-associated behaviors presumably induced by pain in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:290-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Chobanian HR, Guo Y, Liu P, Chioda MD, Fung S, Lanza TJ, Chang L, Bakshi RK, Dellureficio JP, Hong Q, McLaughlin M, Belyk KM, Krska SW, Makarewicz AK, Martel EJ, Leone JF, Frey L, Karanam B, Madeira M, Alvaro R, Shuman J, Salituro G, Terebetski JL, Jochnowitz N, Mistry S, McGowan E, Hajdu R, Rosenbach M, Abbadie C, Alexander JP, Shiao LL, Sullivan KM, Nargund RP, Wyvratt MJ, Lin LS, DeVita RJ. Discovery of MK-4409, a Novel Oxazole FAAH Inhibitor for the Treatment of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:717-21. [PMID: 24944750 DOI: 10.1021/ml5001239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein the identification of MK-4409, a potent and selective fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor. Starting from a high throughput screening (HTS) hit, medicinal chemistry efforts focused on optimizing of FAAH inhibition in vitro potency, improving the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, and increasing in vivo efficacy in rodent inflammatory and neuropathic pain assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R. Chobanian
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yan Guo
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Marc D. Chioda
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Selena Fung
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Thomas J. Lanza
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Linda Chang
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Raman K. Bakshi
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - James P. Dellureficio
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Qingmei Hong
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kevin M. Belyk
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Amanda K. Makarewicz
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Elliot J. Martel
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Joseph F. Leone
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lisa Frey
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Bindhu Karanam
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Maria Madeira
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Raul Alvaro
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Joyce Shuman
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Gino Salituro
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jenna L. Terebetski
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Nina Jochnowitz
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Shruti Mistry
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Erin McGowan
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Richard Hajdu
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mark Rosenbach
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Catherine Abbadie
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jessica P. Alexander
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lin-Lin Shiao
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Sullivan
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ravi P. Nargund
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Matthew J. Wyvratt
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Linus S. Lin
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert J. DeVita
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥Preclinical Development, ⊥Pharmacology, and ○Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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Grégoire S, Wattiez AS, Etienne M, Marchand F, Ardid D. Monoarthritis-induced emotional and cognitive impairments in rats are sensitive to low systemic doses or intra-amygdala injections of morphine. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 735:1-9. [PMID: 24747193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a multidimensional experience that not only includes changes in nociception but also impairments in emotional and cognitive functions, not often taken into account in preclinical research. The present study investigated emotional and cognitive impairments in an animal model of persistent inflammatory pain as well as the involvement of the basolateral complex (BLC) of the amygdala in these components. Monoarthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of complete Freund׳s adjuvant. Mechanical hypersensitivity, anxiety and depressive-like behaviours as well as cognitive capacities were assessed using several tests, such as von Frey, social interaction, open field, saccharin preference, spatial and social recognition memory tests. The effects of morphine administered systemically or into the BLC of the amygdala were also studied. Monoarthritic rats exhibited mechanical hypersensitivity, anxiety and depressive-like behaviours as well as cognitive impairments. Whereas low systemic doses and intra-BLC infusion of morphine failed to reduce mechanical hypersensitivity, they reversed monoarthritis-induced anxiety-like behaviours and cognitive impairments. Our findings further support a crucial role of amygdala in the effect of morphine on emotional/cognitive components of pain and not on mechanical hypersensitivity. Finally, our study highlights the interest of a multi-behavioural approach in the assessment of pain and the analgesic effect of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Grégoire
- Clermont Université, Université d׳Auvergne, NEURO-DOL, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont-Ferrand Inserm, U1107, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Wattiez
- Clermont Université, Université d׳Auvergne, NEURO-DOL, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont-Ferrand Inserm, U1107, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Monique Etienne
- Clermont Université, Université d׳Auvergne, NEURO-DOL, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont-Ferrand Inserm, U1107, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Fabien Marchand
- Clermont Université, Université d׳Auvergne, NEURO-DOL, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont-Ferrand Inserm, U1107, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Denis Ardid
- Clermont Université, Université d׳Auvergne, NEURO-DOL, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont-Ferrand Inserm, U1107, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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22
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Takano T, Li YJ, Kukita A, Yamaza T, Ayukawa Y, Moriyama K, Uehara N, Nomiyama H, Koyano K, Kukita T. Mesenchymal stem cells markedly suppress inflammatory bone destruction in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. J Transl Med 2014; 94:286-96. [PMID: 24395111 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Recently, it was shown that MSCs also have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. In this report, we investigated the regulatory function of MSCs in the development of inflammatory bone destruction in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA rats). MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow tissues, expanded in the presence of basic FGF, and intraperitoneally injected into AA rats. MSC administration significantly suppressed inflammatory parameters: swelling score, swelling width, and thickness of hind paw. Radiographic evaluation indicated that MSC significantly suppressed bone destruction. Histological analysis showed that administration of MSCs markedly suppressed osteoclastogenesis in AA rats. To further delineate their effects on osteoclastogenesis, MSCs were added to in vitro bone marrow cultures undergoing osteoclastogenesis. MSCs significantly suppressed osteoclastogenesis in this system. Chemokine receptor expression in MSCs was assessed by RT-PCR, and a chemotactic assay was performed using a transwell culture system. MSCs showed significant chemotaxis to MIP-1α (CCL3) and SDF-1α (CXCL12), chemokines preferentially expressed in the area of inflammatory bone destruction. Furthermore, MSCs expressed IL-10 and osteoprotegerin, cytokines that suppress osteoclastogenesis. These data suggest that recruitment of MSC to the area of bone destruction in AA rats could suppress inflammatory bone destruction and raise the possibility that MSCs may have potential for the treatment of inflammatory bone destruction in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Takano
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan [2] Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yin-Ji Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Kukita
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yamaza
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ayukawa
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Moriyama
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norihisa Uehara
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Nomiyama
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Koyano
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Kukita
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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23
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Cobos EJ, Portillo-Salido E. "Bedside-to-Bench" Behavioral Outcomes in Animal Models of Pain: Beyond the Evaluation of Reflexes. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 11:560-91. [PMID: 24396334 PMCID: PMC3849784 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x113119990041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the myriad promising new targets and candidate analgesics recently identified in preclinical pain studies, little translation to novel pain medications has been generated. The pain phenotype in humans involves complex behavioral alterations, including changes in daily living activities and psychological disturbances. These behavioral changes are not reflected by the outcome measures traditionally used in rodents for preclinical pain testing, which are based on reflexes evoked by sensory stimuli of different types (mechanical, thermal or chemical). These measures do not evaluate the impact of the pain experience on the global behavior or disability of the animals, and therefore only consider a limited aspect of the pain phenotype. The development of relevant new outcomes indicative of pain to increase the validity of animal models of pain has been increasingly pursued over the past few years. The aim has been to translate “bedside-to-bench” outcomes from the human pain phenotype to rodents, in order to complement traditional pain outcomes by providing a closer and more realistic measure of clinical pain in rodents. This review summarizes and discusses the most important nonstandard outcomes for pain assessment in preclinical studies. The advantages and drawbacks of these techniques are considered, and their potential impact on the validation of potential analgesics is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique J Cobos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid 11, 18012 Granada
| | - Enrique Portillo-Salido
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, Esteve, Avenida Mare de Déu de Montserrat 221, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Shao PP, Ye F, Chakravarty PK, Herrington JB, Dai G, Bugianesi RM, Haedo RJ, Swensen AM, Warren VA, Smith MM, Garcia ML, McManus OB, Lyons KA, Li X, Green M, Jochnowitz N, McGowan E, Mistry S, Sun SY, Abbadie C, Kaczorowski GJ, Duffy JL. Improved Cav2.2 Channel Inhibitors through a gem-Dimethylsulfone Bioisostere Replacement of a Labile Sulfonamide. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:1064-8. [PMID: 24900606 DOI: 10.1021/ml4002612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the investigation of sulfonamide-derived Cav2.2 inhibitors to address drug-metabolism liabilities with this lead class of analgesics. Modification of the benzamide substituent provided improvements in both potency and selectivity. However, we discovered that formation of the persistent 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide metabolite was an endemic problem in the sulfonamide series and that the replacement of the center aminopiperidine scaffold failed to prevent this metabolic pathway. This issue was eventually addressed by application of a bioisostere strategy. The new gem-dimethyl sulfone series retained Cav2.2 potency without the liability of the circulating sulfonamide metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng P. Shao
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Feng Ye
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Prasun K. Chakravarty
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - James B. Herrington
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ge Dai
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Randal M. Bugianesi
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rodolfo J. Haedo
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Andrew M. Swensen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Vivien A. Warren
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - McHardy M. Smith
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Maria L. Garcia
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Owen B. McManus
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Lyons
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mitchell Green
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nina Jochnowitz
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Erin McGowan
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Shruti Mistry
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Shu-Yu Sun
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Catherine Abbadie
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Gregory J. Kaczorowski
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Joseph L. Duffy
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Ion Channels, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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25
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Protective efficacy of N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide against adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:635143. [PMID: 23971042 PMCID: PMC3732616 DOI: 10.1155/2013/635143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by synovial proliferation and tissue destruction. Proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) play a key role in the disease process and elevate energy expenditure, which further increases the joint pain and stiffness. To explore the effects of N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide (NA-2) on the development of arthritis, clinical signs, histopathology of knee joints, nociception analysis, and the serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were monitored. Arthritis was induced by intradermal administration of heat-killed adjuvant Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra in rats. NA-2 and indomethacin treatments were started in their respective group on the same day when adjuvant was administered. Experiments were terminated when arthritic score of 4 was observed in arthritic control group. NA-2 (5 mg/kg) treatment significantly ameliorated the disease severity. Reduction in body weight and increase in paw oedema were significantly reversed in arthritic animal receiving NA-2. The nociceptive sensation was also inhibited in the NA-2 treated arthritic rats. Remission was associated with improved histology and significant decreased expression of serum proinflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05 for IL-1β and TNF-α). Based on our observations, it can be suggested that NA-2 possesses promising anti-arthritic property, and it can be used as a therapeutic agent for arthritis.
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26
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Rutten K, Robens A, Read SJ, Christoph T. Pharmacological validation of a refined burrowing paradigm for prediction of analgesic efficacy in a rat model of sub-chronic knee joint inflammation. Eur J Pain 2013; 18:213-22. [PMID: 23852581 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burrowing is an evolutionarily conserved behaviour in rodents. This study validates a refined burrowing paradigm (requiring a reduced number of animals) in a rat model of sub-chronic knee joint inflammation and evaluates its sensitivity and specificity for analgesic drugs. METHODS Knee joint inflammation in rats was induced by intra-articular injection with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Burrowing performance was assessed at baseline without study drugs, and in CFA-naive and CFA-injected animals following administration of the analgesic drugs naproxen, pregabalin and morphine, each at three doses, or corresponding vehicle (nine rats per dose group). The specificity of the model was evaluated by also testing the anxiogenic drug yohimbine, the stimulant drug dexamphetamine and the anxiolytic drug chlordiazepoxide in CFA-naive and CFA-injected animals. Percentage maximum possible effect (%MPE) was determined by relating the difference between post-CFA and baseline burrowing performance in each drug dose group to that in the vehicle group in each experiment. RESULTS Burrowing performance in the vehicle groups was decreased by 39.0-59.8% in CFA-injected animals compared with CFA-naive animals. CFA-induced reductions in burrowing performance were reversed by each of the three analgesic drugs tested. The highest %MPE was 75.2% with naproxen 50 mg/kg, 80.9% with pregabalin 10 mg/kg and 77.0% with morphine 1 mg/kg (all p < 0.05 vs. control). CFA-induced reductions in burrowing performance were not reversed by yohimbine, dexamphetamine or chlordiazepoxide. CONCLUSIONS This study provides pharmacological validation of a refined burrowing paradigm for analgesic efficacy that exhibits good predictive validity, with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rutten
- Department of Pharmacology Pain, Global Biomedical Sciences, Grünenthal GmbH, Aachen, Germany
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27
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Pathological activity in mediodorsal thalamus of rats with spinal cord injury pain. J Neurosci 2013; 33:3915-26. [PMID: 23447602 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2639-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results not only in motor deficits, but produces, in many patients, excruciating chronic pain (SCI pain). We have previously shown, in a rodent model, that SCI causes suppression of activity in the GABAergic nucleus, the zona incerta (ZI), and concomitant increased activity in one of its main targets, the posterior nucleus of the thalamus (PO); the increased PO activity is correlated with the maintenance and expression of hyperalgesia after SCI. Here, we test the hypothesis that SCI causes a similar pathological increase in other thalamic nuclei regulated by the ZI, specifically the mediodorsal thalamus (MD), which is involved in the emotional-affective aspects of pain. We recorded single and multiunit activity from MD of either anesthetized or awake rats, and compared data from rats with SCI with data from sham-operated controls (anesthetized experiments) or with data from the same animals prelesion (awake experiments). Consistent with our hypothesis, MD neurons from rats with SCI show significant increases in spontaneous firing rates and in the magnitude and duration of responses to noxious stimuli. In a subset of anesthetized animals, similar changes in activity of MD neurons were produced by pharmacologically inactivating ZI in naive rats, suggesting that the changes in the MD after SCI are related to suppressed inhibition from the ZI. These data support our hypothesis that SCI pain results, at least in part, from a loss of inhibition to thalamic nuclei associated with both the sensory-discriminative and emotional-affective components of pain.
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28
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Snekhalatha U, Anburajan M, Venkatraman B, Menaka M. Evaluation of complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in a Wistar rat model. Z Rheumatol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00393-012-1083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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Shao PP, Ye F, Chakravarty PK, Varughese DJ, Herrington JB, Dai G, Bugianesi RM, Haedo RJ, Swensen AM, Warren VA, Smith MM, Garcia ML, McManus OB, Lyons KA, Li X, Green M, Jochnowitz N, McGowan E, Mistry S, Sun SY, Abbadie C, Kaczorowski GJ, Duffy JL. Aminopiperidine Sulfonamide Cav2.2 Channel Inhibitors for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9847-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301056k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng P. Shao
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Feng Ye
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Prasun K. Chakravarty
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Deepu J. Varughese
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - James B. Herrington
- Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United
States
| | - Ge Dai
- Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United
States
| | - Randal M. Bugianesi
- Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United
States
| | - Rodolfo J. Haedo
- Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United
States
| | - Andrew M. Swensen
- Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United
States
| | - Vivien A. Warren
- Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United
States
| | - McHardy M. Smith
- Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United
States
| | - Maria L. Garcia
- Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United
States
| | - Owen B. McManus
- Ion Channels, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United
States
| | - Kathryn A. Lyons
- Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Mitchell Green
- Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Nina Jochnowitz
- Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United
States
| | - Erin McGowan
- Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United
States
| | - Shruti Mistry
- Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United
States
| | - Shu-Yu Sun
- Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United
States
| | - Catherine Abbadie
- Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United
States
| | | | - Joseph L. Duffy
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
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30
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Mahajan SG, Mali RG, Mehta AA. Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. Against Inflammation Associated with Development of Arthritis in Rats. J Immunotoxicol 2012; 4:39-47. [PMID: 18958711 DOI: 10.1080/15476910601115184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to study the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. (MOEE) in adjuvant-induced arthritis in adult female Wistar rats. During the experimental period, body weight, paw edema volume (primary lesion) and arthritic index (secondary lesion) was observed. On the 21st day, serum from each animal was used for estimation of Rheumatoid Factor (RF) value and levels of selected cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-1, and IL-6). Whole blood was used for measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Liver homogenate was utilized for assessment of oxidative stress and histopathology was performed to measure degree of inflammation in synovial joint. Our results suggest that, percentage reduction in body weight was less, paw edema volume and arthritic index score was decreased significantly as compared to diseased control animals. Serum levels of RF, TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 also showed decreased levels as compared to those in the diseased control group. Treatment with MOEE also altered oxidative stress in relation to its anti-inflammatory activity. Histopathological observations showed mild or less infiltration of lymphocytes, angiogenesis and synovial lining thickening. From all above results and observations, it can be concluded that Moringa oleifera possesses promising antiarthritic property.
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31
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Jha MK, Jeon S, Suk K. Glia as a Link between Neuroinflammation and Neuropathic Pain. Immune Netw 2012; 12:41-7. [PMID: 22740789 PMCID: PMC3382663 DOI: 10.4110/in.2012.12.2.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary studies illustrate that peripheral injuries activate glial components of the peripheral and central cellular circuitry. The subsequent release of glial stressors or activating signals contributes to neuropathic pain and neuroinflammation. Recent studies document the importance of glia in the development and persistence of neuropathic pain and neuroinflammation as a connecting link, thereby focusing attention on the glial pathology as the general underlying factor in essentially all age-related neurodegenerative diseases. There is wide agreement that excessive glial activation is a key process in nervous system disorders involving the release of strong pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can trigger worsening of multiple disease states. This review will briefly discuss the recent findings that have shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of glia as a connecting link between neuropathic pain and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-422, Korea
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32
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Wilson AW, Medhurst SJ, Dixon CI, Bontoft NC, Winyard LA, Brackenborough KT, De Alba J, Clarke CJ, Gunthorpe MJ, Hicks GA, Bountra C, McQueen DS, Chessell IP. An animal model of chronic inflammatory pain: Pharmacological and temporal differentiation from acute models. Eur J Pain 2012; 10:537-49. [PMID: 16199187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, inflammatory pain is far more persistent than that typically modelled pre-clinically, with the majority of animal models focussing on short-term effects of the inflammatory pain response. The large attrition rate of compounds in the clinic which show pre-clinical efficacy suggests the need for novel models of, or approaches to, chronic inflammatory pain if novel mechanisms are to make it to the market. A model in which a more chronic inflammatory hypersensitivity phenotype is profiled may allow for a more clinically predictive tool. The aims of these studies were to characterise and validate a chronic model of inflammatory pain. We have shown that injection of a large volume of adjuvant to the intra-articular space of the rat knee results in a prolonged inflammatory pain response, compared to the response in an acute adjuvant model. Additionally, this model also results in a hypersensitive state in the presence and absence of inflammation. A range of clinically effective analgesics demonstrate activity in this chronic model, including morphine (3mg/kg, t.i.d.), dexamethasone (1mg/kg, b.i.d.), ibuprofen (30mg/kg, t.i.d.), etoricoxib (5mg/kg, b.i.d.) and rofecoxib (0.3-10mg/kg, b.i.d.). A further aim was to exemplify the utility of this chronic model over the more acute intra-plantar adjuvant model using two novel therapeutic approaches; NR2B selective NMDA receptor antagonism and iNOS inhibition. Our data shows that different effects were observed with these therapies when comparing the acute model with the model of chronic inflammatory joint pain. These data suggest that the chronic model may be more relevant to identifying mechanisms for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain states in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex W Wilson
- Department of Pain Research, Neurology and Gastrointestinal CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd., Harlow, Essex, UK.
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Parent AJ, Beaudet N, Beaudry H, Bergeron J, Bérubé P, Drolet G, Sarret P, Gendron L. Increased anxiety-like behaviors in rats experiencing chronic inflammatory pain. Behav Brain Res 2012; 229:160-7. [PMID: 22245257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For many patients, chronic pain is often accompanied, and sometimes amplified, by co-morbidities such as anxiety and depression. Although it represents important challenges, the establishment of appropriate preclinical behavioral models contributes to drug development for treating chronic inflammatory pain and associated psychopathologies. In this study, we investigated whether rats experiencing persistent inflammatory pain induced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) developed anxiety-like behaviors, and whether clinically used analgesic and anxiolytic drugs were able to reverse CFA-induced anxiety-related phenotypes. These behaviors were evaluated over 28 days in both CFA- and saline-treated groups with a variety of behavioral tests. CFA-induced mechanical allodynia resulted in increased anxiety-like behaviors as evidenced by: (1) a significant decrease in percentage of time spent and number of entries in open arms of the elevated-plus maze (EPM), (2) a decrease in number of central squares visited in the open field (OF), and (3) a reduction in active social interactions in the social interaction test (SI). The number of entries in closed arms in the EPM and the distance traveled in the OF used as indicators of locomotor performance did not differ between treatments. Our results also reveal that in CFA-treated rats, acute administration of morphine (3mg/kg, s.c.) abolished tactile allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors, whereas acute administration of diazepam (1mg/kg, s.c) solely reversed anxiety-like behaviors. Therefore, pharmacological treatment of anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic inflammatory pain can be objectively evaluated using multiple behavioral tests. Such a model could help identify/validate alternative potential targets that influence pain and cognitive dimensions of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre J Parent
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Imanishi J, Morita Y, Yoshimi E, Kuroda K, Masunaga T, Yamagami K, Kuno M, Hamachi E, Aoki S, Takahashi F, Nakamura K, Miyata S, Ohkubo Y, Mutoh S. Pharmacological profile of FK881(ASP6537), a novel potent and selective cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:746-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Almarestani L, Fitzcharles MA, Bennett GJ, Ribeiro-da-Silva A. Imaging studies in Freund's complete adjuvant model of regional polyarthritis, a model suitable for the study of pain mechanisms, in the rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:1573-81. [PMID: 21337537 DOI: 10.1002/art.30303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In view of the extensive distribution in the spinal cord of primary afferent nociceptive nerve fibers from the rat hind paw, a model of regional inflammation would be useful in the study of arthritis pain. However, the subcutaneous intraplantar injection of a single low dose of Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) has been used mostly as an inflammation model. We undertook this study to characterize this model by means of conventional radiography, microfocal computed tomography, and bone densitometry and by examining changes in pain-related behavior. METHODS Male rats were injected unilaterally with CFA or saline subcutaneously in the hind paw and killed 7, 15, and 30 days after injection. Pain-related behavior was studied using the Hargreaves, von Frey, and acetone tests. RESULTS CFA-injected animals developed soft tissue inflammation and polyarthritis restricted to the joints of the injected hind paw. No signs of joint involvement were observed 7 days after CFA injection. On day 15 after CFA injection, there was widening of joint space indicative of joint effusion. By day 30 after CFA injection, there was evidence of joint damage with joint space narrowing, erosions, osteophyte formation, and joint deformity. There were no changes contralaterally or in saline-injected rats. Mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia were present in the affected hind paw from day 1 through day 30. CONCLUSION Signs of arthritis were strictly unilateral and started only 2 weeks after injection. Since the affected area has a broad representation in the spinal cord, this model has advantages over monarthritis models for the study of plastic changes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Almarestani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Schiene K, De Vry J, Tzschentke TM. Antinociceptive and Antihyperalgesic Effects of Tapentadol in Animal Models of Inflammatory Pain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 339:537-44. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.181263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Sun X, Liu YH, Lv ZY, Yang LL, Hu SM, Zheng HQ, Hu W, Cao JP, Fung MQ, Wu ZD. rSj16, a recombinant protein of Schistosoma japonicum-derived molecule, reduces severity of the complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis in rats' model. Parasite Immunol 2011; 32:739-48. [PMID: 21039614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sj16, a 16-kDa protein produced by Schistosoma japonicum, has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory effect. However, the possible mechanism of these phenomena has not been discovered. Here, we tried to touch it with arthritis rats' model induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). A set of pathogenic characters were observed in CFA-treated rat, including local and systematic read-out, which showed the model successfully set up. After administration of rSj16 (recombinant Sj16) in vivo, paw swelling reduced significantly and in a dose-dependent manner, the level of TNF-α, IL-1β and NO decreased and IL-10 in the serum increased. In vitro, rSj16 reversed the augmented surface expression of CD80, CD86, CD54 and OX6 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), whereas endocytotic capacity of rSj16-treated dendritic cell (DC) was profoundly increased. IL-12p70 released from rSj16-treated BMDC was decreased but IL-10 increased. Further, following incubation with rSj16 primed BMDCs, the sensitized T cells exhibited increased production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-4 and decreased production of IL-12p70 and IFN-γ. Collectively, these results implied that rSj16 alleviated CFA-induced arthritis, and the possible mechanisms may be its interruption of maturation and function of DCs. rSj16 could be a potential therapeutic agent against rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Landis
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health System, University of Washington, Seatle, WA 98195-7266, USA.
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Yoshimi E, Kumakura F, Hatori C, Hamachi E, Iwashita A, Ishii N, Terasawa T, Shimizu Y, Takeshita N. Antinociceptive Effects of AS1892802, a Novel Rho Kinase Inhibitor, in Rat Models of Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Arthritis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 334:955-63. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.167924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Abbadie C, McManus OB, Sun SY, Bugianesi RM, Dai G, Haedo RJ, Herrington JB, Kaczorowski GJ, Smith MM, Swensen AM, Warren VA, Williams B, Arneric SP, Eduljee C, Snutch TP, Tringham EW, Jochnowitz N, Liang A, Euan MacIntyre D, McGowan E, Mistry S, White VV, Hoyt SB, London C, Lyons KA, Bunting PB, Volksdorf S, Duffy JL. Analgesic effects of a substituted N-triazole oxindole (TROX-1), a state-dependent, voltage-gated calcium channel 2 blocker. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 334:545-55. [PMID: 20439438 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.166363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channel (Ca(v))2.2 (N-type calcium channels) are key components in nociceptive transmission pathways. Ziconotide, a state-independent peptide inhibitor of Ca(v)2.2 channels, is efficacious in treating refractory pain but exhibits a narrow therapeutic window and must be administered intrathecally. We have discovered an N-triazole oxindole, (3R)-5-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-3-methyl-3-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (TROX-1), as a small-molecule, state-dependent blocker of Ca(v)2 channels, and we investigated the therapeutic advantages of this compound for analgesia. TROX-1 preferentially inhibited potassium-triggered calcium influx through recombinant Ca(v)2.2 channels under depolarized conditions (IC(50) = 0.27 microM) compared with hyperpolarized conditions (IC(50) > 20 microM). In rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, TROX-1 inhibited omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive calcium currents (Ca(v)2.2 channel currents), with greater potency under depolarized conditions (IC(50) = 0.4 microM) than under hyperpolarized conditions (IC(50) = 2.6 microM), indicating state-dependent Ca(v)2.2 channel block of native as well as recombinant channels. TROX-1 fully blocked calcium influx mediated by a mixture of Ca(v)2 channels in calcium imaging experiments in rat DRG neurons, indicating additional block of all Ca(v)2 family channels. TROX-1 reversed inflammatory-induced hyperalgesia with maximal effects equivalent to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and it reversed nerve injury-induced allodynia to the same extent as pregabalin and duloxetine. In contrast, no significant reversal of hyperalgesia was observed in Ca(v)2.2 gene-deleted mice. Mild impairment of motor function in the Rotarod test and cardiovascular functions were observed at 20- to 40-fold higher plasma concentrations than required for analgesic activities. TROX-1 demonstrates that an orally available state-dependent Ca(v)2 channel blocker may achieve a therapeutic window suitable for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Abbadie
- Department of Pharmacology,Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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Pham T, Hagman B, Codita A, Van Loo P, Strömmer L, Baumans V. Housing environment influences the need for pain relief during post-operative recovery in mice. Physiol Behav 2010; 99:663-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wu HE, Gemes G, Zoga V, Kawano T, Hogan QH. Learned avoidance from noxious mechanical simulation but not threshold semmes weinstein filament stimulation after nerve injury in rats. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2009; 11:280-6. [PMID: 19945356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Noxious mechanical stimulation evokes a complex and sustained hyperalgesic motor response after peripheral nerve injury that contrasts with a brief and simple withdrawal seen after noxious stimulation in control animals or after threshold punctate mechanical stimulation by the von Frey technique. To test which of these behaviors indicate pain, the aversiveness of the experience associated with each was determined using a passive avoidance test in rats after sciatic nerve ligation (SNL) or skin incision alone. After 18 days, step-down latency was measured during 9 sequential trials at 10-minute intervals. At each trial, rats received either no stimulus, needle stimuli, or threshold Semmes Weinstein (SW) filament stimuli after stepping down. Reactions were either a hyperalgesic response or a brief reflexive withdrawal. In SNL animals, needle stimulation produced substantial learned avoidance when animals showed hyperalgesic responses but produced minimal prolonged latency in SNL animals that showed only simple withdrawal responses. No learned avoidance developed using threshold SW testing in SNL animals. These findings show that needle stimulation is aversive in rats responding with hyperalgesic behavior. In contrast, SW stimulation, as well as needle stimulation that produced mere withdrawal, is minimally aversive. PERSPECTIVE The validity of measures of pain in animals is open to question. We demonstrated that needle stimulation is aversive in rats that respond with hyperalgesic-type behavior and is therefore a valid indicator of pain. Stimulation by SW is minimally aversive and is a problematic indicator of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-En Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Lee J, Kim KA, Jeong S, Lee S, Park HJ, Kim NJ, Lim S. Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-psychiatric effects by the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 126:258-264. [PMID: 19715749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae) is an annual plant. Its rhizome has long been used as an anti-inflammatory, an analgesic, a stomachic and a carminative in traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the anti-inflammatory effects of Alpinia officinarum rhizomes on acute and chronic arthritis in SD rats. METHODS Alpinia officinarum rhizomes were extracted by refluxing using 80% ethanol. The fractions were prepared by the fractionation of ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol, and water. This extract was administrated to rats by peroral injection. Acute arthritis was induced by a subcutaneous injection of carrageenan into the hind paw of SD rats. Chronic arthritis was stimulated by a subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paw of SD rats. The paw volume was measured using a plethysmometer, thermal hyperalgesia was tested using a thermal plantar tester, hyperalgesia was evaluated by ankle flexion evoked vocalizations, and the expression of c-Fos in the brain hippocampus was measured with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated on nitrite by a Griess assay in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. RESULTS An 80% ethanolic extract showed acute anti-inflammatory activity that it reduced the edema volume in carrageenan-stimulated arthritis and inhibited NO generation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, this extract showed chronic anti-rheumatic and analgesic activities by suppressing the swelling volume, by recovering the paw withdrawal latency, and by inhibiting the flexion scores in CFA-induced arthritis. Particularly, this medicine had potent meaningful effects on the second signal of the left hind paw in the form of an immunological reaction compared to its effects on the first signal in the right hind paw after the CFA treatment. This also shows an anti-psychiatric effect through control of the expression of the c-Fos protein of the brain hippocampus in CFA-stimulated arthritis. On the other hand, each fraction showed acute anti-inflammatory effects; the action of the EtOAc fraction may have resulted from the suppression of NO production. CONCLUSIONS Alpinia officinarum rhizomes may be viable therapeutic or preventive candidates for the treatment of acute and chronic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiSuk Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Kwanank-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Hyperalgesia and allodynia are frequent symptoms of disease and may be useful adaptations to protect vulnerable tissues. Both may, however, also emerge as diseases in their own right. Considerable progress has been made in developing clinically relevant animal models for identifying the most significant underlying mechanisms. This review deals with experimental models that are currently used to measure (sect. II) or to induce (sect. III) hyperalgesia and allodynia in animals. Induction and expression of hyperalgesia and allodynia are context sensitive. This is discussed in section IV. Neuronal and nonneuronal cell populations have been identified that are indispensable for the induction and/or the expression of hyperalgesia and allodynia as summarized in section V. This review focuses on highly topical spinal mechanisms of hyperalgesia and allodynia including intrinsic and synaptic plasticity, the modulation of inhibitory control (sect. VI), and neuroimmune interactions (sect. VII). The scientific use of language improves also in the field of pain research. Refined definitions of some technical terms including the new definitions of hyperalgesia and allodynia by the International Association for the Study of Pain are illustrated and annotated in section I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Sandkühler
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Antihyperalgesic effect of systemic dexmedetomidine and gabapentin in a rat model of monoarthritis. Brain Res 2009; 1264:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mi WL, Mao-Ying QL, Liu Q, Wang XW, Li X, Wang YQ, Wu GC. The distribution of kisspeptin and its receptor GPR54 in rat dorsal root ganglion and up-regulation of its expression after CFA injection. Brain Res Bull 2008; 78:254-60. [PMID: 19111911 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin/GPR54 system plays a crucial role in the control of puberty onset and reproductive function. In the present study, we gave the first report that kisspeptin and GPR54 were expressed in the small- to large-sized neurons, and co-localized with Bandeiraea simplicifolia isolectin B4 (IB4), calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) and neurofilament 200 (NF200) in the L4/5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of naïve rats, detected by the double immunofluorescent staining. Interestingly, a marked elevation in the levels of KiSS-1 and GPR54 mRNA as well as protein was observed in the spinal dorsal horn and DRG 4 and 14 days following intra-articular injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), indicating a possible involvement of the kisspeptin/GPR54 system in chronic inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China.
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Mi WL, Mao-Ying QL, Liu Q, Wang XW, Wang YQ, Wu GC. Synergistic anti-hyperalgesia of electroacupuncture and low dose of celecoxib in monoarthritic rats: Involvement of the cyclooxygenase activity in the spinal cord. Brain Res Bull 2008; 77:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mechanisms of analgesic action of pulsed radiofrequency on adjuvant-induced pain in the rat: roles of descending adrenergic and serotonergic systems. Eur J Pain 2008; 13:249-52. [PMID: 18539061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) has been reported to be effective in the treatment of several types of pain. The mechanism of action, however, is not well known. In a recent study, the antinociceptive effects of acute thermal pain were shown to be mediated via descending pain inhibitory pathways. In this study we observed an analgesic effect of PRF treatment in an adjuvant induced inflammatory pain model in rats. In this model, sciatic nerves were treated with PRF at 37 degrees and 42 degrees , which inhibited hyperalgesia in the inflammatory groups when compared to RF and sham treatment. This effect was attenuated after intrathecal administration of the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine, the selective 5-HT3 serotonin receptor antagonist MDL72222, and the non-selective serotonin receptor antagonist methysergide. All three drugs were found to significantly inhibit the analgesic effect of PRF. The results suggest that the analgesic action of PRF involves the enhancement of noradrenergic and serotonergic descending pain inhibitory pathways.
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