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Hautera P, Lövgren T. α-GLUCOSIDASE, α-GLUCOSIDE PERMEASE, MALTOSE FERMENTATION AND LEAVENING ABILITY OF BAKER'S YEAST. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1975.tb03697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Naumov GI, Naumoff DG. Molecular genetic differentiation of yeast α-glucosidases: Maltase and isomaltase. Microbiology (Reading) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261712030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
The uptake of sugars by yeast can be separated into two classes. The first involves the uptake of sorbose or galactose by starved cells, and the uptake of glucose by iodoacetate-poisoned cells. These uptakes do not involve any changes in Ni++- or Co++-binding by the cell surface, are not inhibited by Ni++, are inhibited by UO2++ in relatively high concentrations, are characterized by high Michaelis constants and low maximal rates and by a final equilibrium distribution of the sugars. The second involves the uptake of glucose in unpoisoned cells and galactose in induced cells. These uptakes are characterized by a reduction of Ni++- and Co++-binding, by a partial inhibition by Ni++, by an inhibition with UO2++ in relatively low concentrations, and by a low Km and a high Vm. In the case of galactose in induced cells, previous studies demonstrate that the sugar is accumulated against a concentration gradient. It is suggested that the first class of uptakes involves a "facilitated diffusion" via a relatively non-specific carrier system, but the second represents an "uphill" transport involving the highly specific carriers, and phosphoryl groups (cation-binding sites) of the outer surface of the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Steveninck
- Department of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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Barnett JA. A history of research on yeasts 13. Active transport and the uptake of various metabolites. Yeast 2008; 25:689-731. [PMID: 18951365 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James A Barnett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Horák
- Department of Membrane Transport, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
All eukaryotic cells contain a wide variety of proteins embedded in the plasma and internal membranes, which ensure transmembrane solute transport. It is now established that a large proportion of these transport proteins can be grouped into families apparently conserved throughout organisms. This article presents the data of an in silicio analysis aimed at establishing a preliminary classification of membrane transport proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This analysis was conducted at a time when about 65% of all yeast genes were available in public databases. In addition to approximately 60 transport proteins whose function was at least partially known, approximately 100 deduced protein sequences of unknown function display significant sequence similarity to membrane transport proteins characterized in yeast and/or other organisms. While some protein families have been well characterized by classical genetic experimental approaches, others have largely if not totally escaped characterization. The proteins revealed by this in silicio analysis also include a putative K+ channel, proteins similar to aquaporins of plant and animal origin, proteins similar to Na+-solute symporters, a protein very similar to electroneural cation-chloride cotransporters, and a putative Na+-H+ antiporter. A new research area is anticipated: the functional analysis of many transport proteins whose existence was revealed by genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Andre
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et de Genetique des Levures, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
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MAL11 and MAL61 encode the inducible high-affinity maltose transporter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol 1991; 173:1817-20. [PMID: 1999393 PMCID: PMC207336 DOI: 10.1128/jb.173.5.1817-1820.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the transport of maltose in a genetically defined maltose-fermenting strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae carrying the MAL1 locus. Two kinetically different systems were identified: a high-affinity transporter with a Km of 4 mM and a low-affinity transporter with a Km of 70 to 80 mM. The high-affinity maltose transporter is maltose inducible and is encoded by the MAL11 (and/or MAL61) gene of the MAL1 (and/or MAL6) locus. The low-affinity maltose transporter is expressed constitutively and is not related to MAL11 and/or MAL61. Both maltose transporters are subject to glucose-induced inactivation.
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Vanoni M, Sollitti P, Goldenthal M, Marmur J. Structure and regulation of the multigene family controlling maltose fermentation in budding yeast. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1989; 37:281-322. [PMID: 2672110 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Transport of xylose and glucose in the xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00451629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fiechter A, Fuhrmann GF, Käppeli O. Regulation of glucose metabolism in growing yeast cells. Adv Microb Physiol 1981; 22:123-83. [PMID: 7036694 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(08)60327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Krátký Z, Biely P. Inducible beta-xyloside permease as a constituent of the xylan-degrading enzyme system of the yeast Cryptococcus albidus. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1980; 112:367-73. [PMID: 6893962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb07214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The yeast, Cryptococcus albidus, depending on whether it is grown on xylan or glucose, differs remarkably in the ability to take up inducers of extracellular endo-1,4-beta-xylanase synthesis. In washed, glucose-grown cells the initially low ability to take up xylobiose or methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside, increases during incubation with these compounds after a lag-phase shorter than the induction time of the extracellular beta-xylanase. Using of methyl beta-D-[U-14C]xylopyranoside as a very slowly metabolizable inducer of beta-xylanase it has been established that the increase of the rate of xylobiose or methyl xyloside uptake is due to induction of an active transport system for methyl beta-D-xyloside and beta-1,4-xylooligosaccharides. The system is called beta-xyloside permease. The permease activity of induced cells decreases in the absence of beta-xylanase inducers. The induction of permease as well as its inactivation (degradation) can be prevented with cycloheximide, thus both events appear to be dependent on de novo protein synthesis. In analogy with other active transport systems, beta-xyloside permease function can be effectively blocked by inhibitors of energy metabolism in the cells. The demonstrated example of induction of a permease, for inducers and products of hydrolysis of an extracellular polysaccharide hydrolase, points to a new feature of induction of extracellular enzymes in eucaryotic microorganisms.
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McDonough JP, Jaynes PK, Mahler HR. Partial characterization of the plasma membrane ATPase from a rho0 petite strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1980; 12:249-64. [PMID: 6452450 DOI: 10.1007/bf00744687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Crude membrane preparations of a rho0 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibit Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity. Over the optimal pH range, 5.0-6.75, the apparent Vmax of the enzyme equals 590 nmoles of ATP hydrolyzed per minute per milligram protein, with an apparent Km for ATP of 1.3 mM. ATP hydrolysis is insensitive to ouabain, venturicidin, aurovertin, and the protein inhibitor described by Pullman and Monroy; inhibited by oligomycin (at high concentrations) and sodium orthovanadate, and it is sensitive to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, hydroxylamine, sodium fluoride, and sodium iodoacetate. The pH optimum and the inhibitor pattern distinguish the plasma membrane enzyme from the mitochondrial F1 ATPase still present in these cells (this activity is sensitive to efrapeptin, aurovertin, and the protein inhibitor, but resistant to DCCD). In addition, the activity of the plasma membrane enzyme and its affinity for ATP are responsive to changes in the composition of the growth medium, with the highest activity observed in cells grown on methyl-alpha-D-glucoside, a sugar which results not only in partial release from catabolite repression but also requires the induction of an active transport system for growth.
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Alonso A, Kotyk A. Apparent half-lives of sugar transport proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1978; 23:118-25. [PMID: 348586 DOI: 10.1007/bf02915311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Using incubation in the presence of 0.4 mM cycloheximide the half-lives of the principal membrane transport proteins in baker's yeast were found to be: more than 24 h for the constitutive glucose carrier, 2.2 h for the inducible galactose carrier, 1.2 h for the inducible maltose carrier and 0.8 h for the inducible alpha-methyl-D-glucoside carrier. The distinct nature of the two last-named carriers was thus supported. De-induction of the galactose carrier was enhanced in the presence of glucose plus cycloheximide but not of either substance alone. Chloramphenicol suppressed all effects of cycloheximide. In contrast to the enzymes of galactose metabolism, the induction of the glactose carrier was not under the control of a mitochondrial factor and took place in a rho-mutant. The system induced by maltose but not the one induced by alpha-methyl-D-glucoside was de-induced rapidly by the intervention of a cytoplasm-synthesized protein.
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Abstract
Maltose transport in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is inhibited by uncouplers under conditions where the intracellular concentration of the sugar is lower than in the medium. The uncouplers did not deplete the ATP content of the yeast cells and a 50--100-fold reduction in ATP caused by antimycin and 2-deoxyglucose had no effect on maltose transport. In ATP-depleted cells, the maltose transported is partially hydrolyzed to glucose but not further metabolized and therefore a mechanism of transport involving phosphorylation can be discarded. One proton is cotransported with every maltose molecule. The fact that maltose transport is inhibited by KCl but not by NaCl, Tris-Cl or KSCN suggest that the electroneutrality during maltose and proton uptake can be maintained by the exit of K+ from the cells or by the entry of a permeable anion as SCN-. These results indicate that the translocation of maltose across the yeast plasma membrane is not dependent on ATP and is coupled to the electrochemical gradient of protons in this membrane. When this gradient is abolished by uncouplers, the transport system is not able to function even in favour of a concentration gradient of the sugar.
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Jaspers HT, Van Steveninck J. Transport of 2-deoxy-D-galactose in Saccharomyces fragilis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 443:243-53. [PMID: 953017 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(76)90507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
2-Deoxy-D-galactose (dGal) transport in Saccharomyces fragilis is characterized by energy requirement and accumulation of the free sugar against a concentration gradient, indicating active transport. Besides free sugar dGal-1-phosphate, UDP-dGal and a trehalose-like derivative were found inside the cells. The accumulation of the phosphorylated derivatives was balanced by a concomitant decrease of ATP, orthophosphate and polyphosphates. With pulse labeling experiments it could be shown that the free sugar is transported into the cells. This conclusion was supported by several other experimental results, e.g. the lack of correlation between the sugar transport parameters and the dGal phosphorylation capacity, and the countertransport of free dGal evoked by galactose in the medium. The typical differences between this active transport mechanism and the transport-associated phosphorylation system, described previously, are discussed.
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Shane B, Snell EE. Transport and metabolism of vitamin B6 in the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 4228. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kotyk A, Michaljaniĉová D. Nature of the uptake of d-galactose, d-glucose and α-methyl-d-glucoside by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(74)90125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Seaston A, Inkson C, Eddy AA. The absorption of protons with specific amino acids and carbohydrates by yeast. Biochem J 1973; 134:1031-43. [PMID: 4587071 PMCID: PMC1177912 DOI: 10.1042/bj1341031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
1. Proton uptake in the presence of various amino acids was studied in washed yeast suspensions containing deoxyglucose and antimycin to inhibit energy metabolism. A series of mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with defective amino acid permeases was used. The fast absorption of glycine, l-citrulline and l-methionine through the general amino acid permease was associated with the uptake of about 2 extra equivalents of protons per mol of amino acid absorbed, whereas the slower absorption of l-methionine, l-proline and, possibly, l-arginine through their specific permeases was associated with about 1 proton equivalent. l-Canavanine and l-lysine were also absorbed with 1-2 equivalents of protons. 2. A strain of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis behaved similarly with these amino acids. 3. Preparations of the latter yeast grown with maltose subsequently absorbed it with 2-3 equivalents of protons. The accelerated rate of proton uptake increased up to a maximum value with the maltose concentration (K(m)=1.6mm). The uptake of protons was also faster in the presence of alpha-methylglucoside and sucrose, but not in the presence of glucose, galactose or 2-deoxyglucose. All of these compounds except the last could cause acid formation. The uptake of protons induced by maltose, alpha-methylglucoside and sucrose was not observed when the yeast was grown with glucose, although acid was then formed both from sucrose and glucose. 4. A strain of Saccharomyces fragilis that both fermented and formed acid from lactose absorbed extra protons in the presence of lactose. 5. The observations show that protons were co-substrates in the systems transporting the amino acids and certain of the carbohydrates.
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Becker JM, Lichstein HC. Transport overshoot during biotin uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 282:409-20. [PMID: 4560821 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(72)90346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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ten Berge AM. Genes for the fermentation of maltose and -methylglucoside in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1972; 115:80-8. [PMID: 5018453 DOI: 10.1007/bf00272220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Schneider RP, Wiley WR. Kinetic characteristics of the two glucose transport systems in Neurospora crassa. J Bacteriol 1971; 106:479-86. [PMID: 5573732 PMCID: PMC285119 DOI: 10.1128/jb.106.2.479-486.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is transported across the cell membrane of Neurospora crassa by two physiologically and kinetically distinct transport systems. System II is repressed by growth of the cells in 0.1 m glucose. System I is synthesized constitutively. The apparent K(m) for glucose uptake by system I and system II are 25 and 0.04 mm, respectively. Both uptake systems are temperature dependent, and are inhibited by NaN(3) and 2,4-dinitrophenol. Glucose uptake by system II was not inhibited by fructose, galactose, or lactose. However, glucose was shown to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of fructose and galactose uptake. The transport rate of [(14)C]3-0-methyl-d-glucose (3-0-MG) was higher in cells preloaded with unlabeled 3-0-MG than in control cells. The rate of entry of labeled 3-0-MG was only slightly inhibited by the presence of NaN(3) in the medium. Further, NaN(3) caused a rapid efflux of accumulated [(14)C]3-0-MG. These data imply that the energetic step in the transport process prevents efflux.
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van Steveninck J. The transport mechanism of -methylglucoside in yeast evidence for transport-associated phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 203:376-84. [PMID: 4943598 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(70)90178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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de Kroon RA, Koningsberger VV. An inducible transport system for alpha-glucosides in protoplasts of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 204:590-609. [PMID: 5441195 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(70)90178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Görts CP. Effect of glucose on the activity and the kinetics of the maltose-uptake system and of alpha-glucosidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 184:299-305. [PMID: 5809715 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(69)90032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Spoerl E, Doyle RJ. Intracellular binding of sugars by yeast cells after pre-incubation with sugars and polyols. CURRENTS IN MODERN BIOLOGY 1968; 2:158-64. [PMID: 5667601 DOI: 10.1016/0303-2647(68)90022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Deierkauf FA, Booij HL. Changes in the phosphatide pattern of yeast cells in relation to active carbohydrate transport. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 150:214-25. [PMID: 5644360 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(68)90165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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van Uden N. Transport-limited fermentation and growth of saccharomyces cerevisiae and its competitive inhibition. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1967; 58:155-68. [PMID: 5600788 DOI: 10.1007/bf00406676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Rothstein A, VanSteveninck J. PHOSPHATE AND CARBOXYL LIGANDS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN RELATION TO UPHILL AND DOWNHILL TRANSPORT OF SUGARS IN THE YEAST CELL. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1966. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb50185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Winkler HH, Wilson TH. The Role of Energy Coupling in the Transport of β-Galactosides by Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1966. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)96607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Kotyk A, Höfer M. Uphill transport of sugars in the yeast Rhodotorula gracilis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1965; 102:410-22. [PMID: 5892434 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6585(65)90131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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