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Torzyk-Jurowska K, Ciekot J, Winiarski L. Targeted Library of Phosphonic-Type Inhibitors of Human Neutrophil Elastase. Molecules 2024; 29:1120. [PMID: 38474630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite many years of research, human neutrophil elastase (HNE) still remains an area of interest for many researchers. This multifunctional representative of neutrophil serine proteases is one of the most destructive enzymes found in the human body which can degrade most of the extracellular matrix. Overexpression or dysregulation of HNE may lead to the development of several inflammatory diseases. Previously, we presented the HNE inhibitor with kinact/KI value over 2,000,000 [M-1s-1]. In order to optimize its structure, over 100 novel tripeptidyl derivatives of α-aminoalkylphosphonate diaryl esters were synthesized, and their activity toward HNE was checked. To confirm the selectivity of the resultant compounds, several of the most active were additionally checked against the two other neutrophil proteases: proteinase 3 and cathepsin G. The developed modifications allowed us to obtain a compound with significantly increased inhibitory activity against human neutrophil elastase with high selectivity toward cathepsin G, but none toward proteinase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Torzyk-Jurowska
- Division of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Ciekot
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Winiarski
- Division of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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2
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Ramos-Llorca A, Decraecker L, Cacheux VMY, Zeiburlina I, De bruyn M, Battut L, Moreno-Cinos C, Ceradini D, Espinosa E, Dietrich G, Berg M, De Meester I, Van Der Veken P, Boeckxstaens G, Lambeir AM, Denadai-Souza A, Augustyns K. Chemically diverse activity-based probes with unexpected inhibitory mechanisms targeting trypsin-like serine proteases. Front Chem 2023; 10:1089959. [PMID: 36688031 PMCID: PMC9849758 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1089959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity-based probes (ABP) are molecules that bind covalently to the active form of an enzyme family, making them an attractive tool for target and biomarker identification and drug discovery. The present study describes the synthesis and biochemical characterization of novel activity-based probes targeting trypsin-like serine proteases. We developed an extensive library of activity-based probes with "clickable" affinity tags and a diaryl phosphonate warhead. A wide diversity was achieved by including natural amino acid analogs as well as basic polar residues as side chains. A detailed enzymatic characterization was performed in a panel of trypsin-like serine proteases. Their inhibitory potencies and kinetic profile were examined, and their IC50 values, mechanism of inhibition, and kinetic constants were determined. The activity-based probes with a benzyl guanidine side chain showed the highest inhibitory effects in the panel. Surprisingly, some of the high-affinity probes presented a reversible inhibitory mechanism. On the other hand, probes with different side chains exhibited the expected irreversible mechanism. For the first time, we demonstrate that not only irreversible probes but also reversible probes can tightly label recombinant proteases and proteases released from human mast cells. Even under denaturing SDS-PAGE conditions, reversible slow-tight-binding probes can label proteases due to the formation of high-affinity complexes and slow dissociation rates. This unexpected finding will transform the view on the required irreversible nature of activity-based probes. The diversity of this library of activity-based probes combined with a detailed enzyme kinetic characterization will advance their applications in proteomic studies and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ramos-Llorca
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lisse Decraecker
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie M. Y. Cacheux
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irena Zeiburlina
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle De bruyn
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louise Battut
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carlos Moreno-Cinos
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Espinosa
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Maya Berg
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Boeckxstaens
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Denadai-Souza
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,*Correspondence: Koen Augustyns,
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3
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Kaczmarek P, Rapp M, Koroniak H. Pyrrolidine and oxazolidine ring transformations in proline and serine derivatives of α-hydroxyphosphonates induced by deoxyfluorinating reagents. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24444-24457. [PMID: 35539185 PMCID: PMC9082089 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05186k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformations of α-hydroxyphosphonates derived from proline or serine by treatment with different deoxyfluorinating reagents (DAST, Deoxofluor, PyFluor) are reported. Depending on the applied reagent, as well as the protecting group used (N-Cbz, N-Boc, N-Bn) different types of products are observed. The reaction of N-Cbz or N-Boc prolinols with DAST or Deoxofluor due to aziridinium intermediate participation gave fluorinated amino phosphonates such as piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives and/or oxazolidine-2-ones. Similarly, the analogous reaction of N-Cbz or N-Boc protected serinol yielded oxazolidine-2-ones or its fluorinated analogues. As the second type of product formed by DAST-induced reaction of serine derivatives, aziridines were obtained. Only in the case of deoxyfluorination of N-benzyl prolinols were both diastereoisomers of β-fluoropiperidine-α-phosphonates formed, while the reaction of protected N-benzyl serinols gave fluorinated oxazolidines. Moreover, application of PyFluor gave sulfonate derivatives. Diastereoselective reactions of hydroxyphosphonates from proline or serine with fluorinating agents yielding piperidine-, oxazolidine-, aziridine- or sulfonate phosphonates were reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kaczmarek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Magdalena Rapp
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Henryk Koroniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
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4
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Rea D, Van Elzen R, De Winter H, Van Goethem S, Landuyt B, Luyten W, Schoofs L, Van Der Veken P, Augustyns K, De Meester I, Fülöp V, Lambeir AM. Crystal structure of Porphyromonas gingivalis dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and structure-activity relationships based on inhibitor profiling. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:482-491. [PMID: 28826083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with chronic periodontitis. Clinical isolates of P. gingivalis strains with high dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) expression also had a high capacity for biofilm formation and were more infective. The X-ray crystal structure of P. gingivalis DPP4 was solved at 2.2 Å resolution. Despite a sequence identity of 32%, the overall structure of the dimer was conserved between P. gingivalis DPP4 and mammalian orthologues. The structures of the substrate binding sites were also conserved, except for the region called S2-extensive, which is exploited by specific human DPP4 inhibitors currently used as antidiabetic drugs. Screening of a collection of 450 compounds as inhibitors revealed a structure-activity relationship that mimics in part that of mammalian DPP9. The functional similarity between human and bacterial DPP4 was confirmed using 124 potential peptide substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Rea
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Roos Van Elzen
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Hans De Winter
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Sebastiaan Van Goethem
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Bart Landuyt
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KULeuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Walter Luyten
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KULeuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KULeuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pieter Van Der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Vilmos Fülöp
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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5
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Argyropoulos P, Bergeret F, Pardin C, Reimer JM, Pinto A, Boddy CN, Schmeing TM. Towards a characterization of the structural determinants of specificity in the macrocyclizing thioesterase for deoxyerythronolide B biosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:486-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Arizpe A, Rodríguez-Mata M, Sayago FJ, Pueyo MJ, Gotor V, Jiménez AI, Gotor-Fernández V, Cativiela C. Enzymatic and chromatographic resolution procedures applied to the synthesis of the phosphoproline enantiomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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van Soom J, Cuzzucoli Crucitti G, Gladysz R, van der Veken P, Di Santo R, Stuyver I, Buck V, Lambeir AM, Magdolen V, Joossens J, Augustyns K. The first potent diphenyl phosphonate KLK4 inhibitors with unexpected binding kinetics. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00288e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the first highly potent and selective small-molecule KLK4 inhibitors, showing surprising reversible binding kinetics.
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8
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Burchacka E, Zdzalik M, Niemczyk JS, Pustelny K, Popowicz G, Wladyka B, Dubin A, Potempa J, Sienczyk M, Dubin G, Oleksyszyn J. Development and binding characteristics of phosphonate inhibitors of SplA protease from Staphylococcus aureus. Protein Sci 2013; 23:179-89. [PMID: 24375505 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for a variety of human infections, including life-threatening, systemic conditions. Secreted proteome, including a range of proteases, constitutes the major virulence factor of the bacterium. However, the functions of individual enzymes, in particular SplA protease, remain poorly characterized. Here, we report development of specific inhibitors of SplA protease. The design, synthesis, and activity of a series of α-aminoalkylphosphonate diaryl esters and their peptidyl derivatives are described. Potent inhibitors of SplA are reported, which may facilitate future investigation of physiological function of the protease. The binding modes of the high-affinity compounds Cbz-Phe(P) -(OC6 H4 -4-SO2 CH3 )2 and Suc-Val-Pro-Phe(P) -(OC6 H5 )2 are revealed by high-resolution crystal structures of complexes with the protease. Surprisingly, the binding mode of both compounds deviates from previously characterized canonical interaction of α-aminoalkylphosphonate peptidyl derivatives and family S1 serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Burchacka
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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9
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Winiarski Ł, Oleksyszyn J, Sieńczyk M. Human Neutrophil Elastase Phosphonic Inhibitors with Improved Potency of Action. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6541-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300599x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Winiarski
- Department of Chemistry,
Division of Medicinal Chemistry
and Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27,
50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Józef Oleksyszyn
- Department of Chemistry,
Division of Medicinal Chemistry
and Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27,
50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Sieńczyk
- Department of Chemistry,
Division of Medicinal Chemistry
and Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27,
50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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10
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Bachovchin DA, Cravatt BF. The pharmacological landscape and therapeutic potential of serine hydrolases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2012; 11:52-68. [PMID: 22212679 PMCID: PMC3665514 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Serine hydrolases perform crucial roles in many biological processes, and several of these enzymes are targets of approved drugs for indications such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and infectious diseases. Despite this, most of the human serine hydrolases (of which there are more than 200) remain poorly characterized with respect to their physiological substrates and functions, and the vast majority lack selective, in vivo-active inhibitors. Here, we review the current state of pharmacology for mammalian serine hydrolases, including marketed drugs, compounds that are under clinical investigation and selective inhibitors emerging from academic probe development efforts. We also highlight recent methodological advances that have accelerated the rate of inhibitor discovery and optimization for serine hydrolases, which we anticipate will aid in their biological characterization and, in some cases, therapeutic validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Bachovchin
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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11
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Arizpe A, Sayago FJ, Jiménez AI, Ordóñez M, Cativiela C. Synthesis of Phosphoproline Derivatives with an Octahydroisoindole Structure. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Joossens J, Ali OM, El-Sayed I, Surpateanu G, Van der Veken P, Lambeir AM, Setyono-Han B, Foekens JA, Schneider A, Schmalix W, Haemers A, Augustyns K. Small, potent, and selective diaryl phosphonate inhibitors for urokinase-type plasminogen activator with in vivo antimetastatic properties. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6638-46. [PMID: 18052026 DOI: 10.1021/jm700962j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A set of small nonpeptidic diaryl phosphonate inhibitors was prepared. Some of these inhibitors show potent and highly selective irreversible uPA inhibition. The biochemical and modeling data prove that the combination of a benzylguanidine moiety with a diaryl phosphonate ester results in optimized molecules for derivatizing the serine alcohol in the uPA active site. Selected compounds show significant antimetastatic effects in the BN-472 rat mammary carcinoma model. We report in this paper a preclinical proof of concept that selective, irreversible uPA inhibitors could be valuable in antimetastatic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen Joossens
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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13
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Goodnow RA, Gillespie P. 1Hit and Lead Identification: Efficient Practices for Drug Discovery. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2007; 45:1-61. [PMID: 17280901 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(06)45501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Goodnow
- Discovery Chemistry, Roche Research Center, Nutley, NJ 07110-1199, USA
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14
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Dourado M, Sarmento AB, Pereira SV, Alves V, Silva T, Pinto AM, Rosa MS. CD26/DPPIV expression and 8-azaguanine response in T-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cell lines in culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 14:3-10. [PMID: 17055708 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV, a cell membrane surface protease also known as CD26 (CD26/DPPIV), is known to play multiple functions in human organism, where it is largely expressed, for instance, in the development of human cancer and metastasis as well as in chemotherapy response. The objective of this work was to study the CD26 membrane expression and DPPIV activity in T-acute leukaemia cell lines (CEM and MOLT3) in culture, in order to observe the modification of its expression under the 8-azaguanine treatment. Cell line samples were incubated, some without different azaguanine concentration and others with, ranging from 10 to 100muM. Cell surface CD26 expression has been identified by flow cytometry and DPPIV activity, in cultured medium, was fluorimetrically measured. Results we have observed showed that 8-azaguanine induced a decrease in cell viability in a dose, time and cell type dependent manner with MOLT3 cells being the most sensitive to 8-azaguanine citotoxic effects (24h IC50: +/-10muM) when compared with CEM cells (24h IC50: +/-100muM). In the same experimental conditions, MOLT3 cell treated with 8-azaguanine shows an increase in CD26 expression (MIF) compared with that of CEM cell submitted to the same conditions (65.4+/-1.3 versus 18.7+/-1.7). DPPIV activity in culture medium supernatant of CEM versus MOLT3 controls cells (1.91+/-0.43 versus 2.06+/-0.50) and of CEM versus MOLT3 treated cells (2.10+/-0.16 versus 1.89+/-0.04) did not show a significant difference. These preliminary results suggest that 8-azaguanine stimulates CD26 expression which may be related to cellular sensitivity to 8-azaguanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Dourado
- Institute of General Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Discipline of Pathophysiology of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Dourado M, Alves V, Mesquita L, Ramos I, Pinto AM, Rosa MS. CD26/DPPIV and response to hepatitis B vaccination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 11:147-152. [PMID: 15561511 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2004] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevention of hepatitis B is important, since it is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality around the world. Unfortunately, hepatitis B vaccine does not always induce protective immunity. The lack of immune response to vaccine (non-responders) can depend on individual characteristics. The objective of this study was to correlate the CD26/DPPIV cellular expression and DPPIV serum activity with HBV vaccine response and its possible role as an indicator of immune competence acquisition. We also determined the cellular expression of CD3, CD19, CD56 and CD25 in peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Blood samples were obtained from 28 healthy human volunteers who were enrolled with a vaccination program. There were "responders" (RM = 13) and "non-responders" (NRM = 15), after vaccination. The lymphocyte populations were identified by flow cytometry. DPPIV serum activity was measured fluorimetrically. CD26 expression in responders (55.9 +/- 7.7%) versus in non-responders (51.9 +/- 7.0%) did not show a significant difference. The DPPIV serum activity in responders compared to in non-responder subgroup (59.9 +/- 8.4/50.3 +/- 10.6U/L) showed, however, a significant difference (P < 0.05). The expression of CD3, CD19 and CD56 on peripheral lymphocytes was similar between responders and non-responders. The expression of CD3CD26 (52.2 +/- 8.6%) and CD3CD25 (10.9 +/- 3.8%) in responders versus the expression of CD3CD26 (48.0 +/- 5.7%) and CD3CD25 (8 +/- 4.6%) in non-responders did not show statistically significant difference. CD25 referred as a marker of T lymphocyte activation was increased in responders (15.8 +/- 4.5%) versus in non-responders (10.1 +/- 4.8%), showing a significant difference (P = 0.003). It was, however, impossible to demonstrate an increase in CD3CD25 and CD3CD26 in the responder subgroup. This suggests that different lymphocyte subsets other than T cells are implicated in the response to hepatitis B vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Dourado
- Institute of General Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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16
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Lambeir AM, Rea D, Fülöp V, Kumagai Y, Augustyns K, de Meester I, Haemers A, Scharpé S. Exploration of the active site of dipeptidyl peptidase IV from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Comparison with the human enzyme. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 524:29-35. [PMID: 12675220 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47920-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
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17
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Korom S, de Meester I, Belyaev A, Schmidbauer G, Schwemmle K. CD26/DPP IV in experimental and clinical organ transplantation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 524:133-43. [PMID: 12675233 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47920-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The T-cell activation-Ag CD26 possesses dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) enzymatic activity. Costimulatory efficacy and immunocompetence are associated with the enzymatic activity. GOALS In models of experimental cardiac allograft transplantation (HTx), we analyzed the role of CD26/DPP IV during organ rejection. Also, we investigated CD26 enzymatic and cellular expression in human recipients of kidney transplants (Tx). MATERIAL AND METHODS Heterotopic HTx in rats, models of acute and accelerated rejection. Monitoring of DPP IV serum levels and humoral immunity. Propro-diphenyl phosphonate was employed to inhibit DPP IV activity during rejection. In a prospective study, surface expression of CD26, 3, 4, 8, 45, 122 and ADA on PBL and DPP IV serum activity were measured in kidney recipients for 24 months post-transplantation. RESULTS Acute rejection was . associated with increased serum DPP IV activity (p < 0.005). Specific inhibition abrogated acute (p < 0.0001) and accelerated (p < 0.01) rejection, impairing cytotoxicity and allospecific Ig-synthesis. Kidney recipients displayed a significant drop in CD26 expression on PBL for up to 18 months postoperatively (p < 0.001). CD4, 8, 45, 122 and ADA expression kinetics were only briefly affected. DPP IV enzymic activity stayed depressed for at least 12 months (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION CD26/DPP IV is pivotal in T-cell mediated immune responses toward allo-Ag. In clinical transplantation, engraftment/immunosuppression are reflected by CD26 cellular and enzymatic expression posttransplantation and may serve as an indicator for immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Korom
- Dept. of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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18
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Lambeir AM, Durinx C, Scharpé S, De Meester I. Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV from bench to bedside: an update on structural properties, functions, and clinical aspects of the enzyme DPP IV. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2003; 40:209-94. [PMID: 12892317 DOI: 10.1080/713609354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP IV) is a cell-surface protease belonging to the prolyloligopeptidase family. It selectively removes the N-terminal dipeptide from peptides with proline or alanine in the second position. Apart from its catalytic activity, it interacts with several proteins, for instance, adenosine deaminase, the HIV gp120 protein, fibronectin, collagen, the chemokine receptor CXCR4, and the tyrosine phosphatase CD45. DPP IV is expressed on a specific set of T lymphocytes, where it is up-regulated after activation. It is also expressed in a variety of tissues, primarily on endothelial and epithelial cells. A soluble form is present in plasma and other body fluids. DPP IV has been proposed as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for various tumors, hematological malignancies, immunological, inflammatory, psychoneuroendocrine disorders, and viral infections. DPP IV truncates many bioactive peptides of medical importance. It plays a role in glucose homeostasis through proteolytic inactivation of the incretins. DPP IV inhibitors improve glucose tolerance and pancreatic islet cell function in animal models of type 2 diabetes and in diabetic patients. The role of DPP IV/ CD26 within the immune system is a combination of its exopeptidase activity and its interactions with different molecules. This enables DPP IV/CD26 to serve as a co-stimulatory molecule to influence T cell activity and to modulate chemotaxis. DPP IV is also implicated in HIV-1 entry, malignant transformation, and tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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19
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Lambeir AM, Durinx C, Scharpé S, De Meester I. Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV from Bench to Bedside: An Update on Structural Properties, Functions, and Clinical Aspects of the Enzyme DPP IV. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/713609354/?{alert(1)}] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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20
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Stöckel-Maschek A, Stiebitz B, Born I, Faust J, Mögelin W, Neubert K. Potent inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and their mechanisms of inhibition. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2001; 477:117-23. [PMID: 10849737 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46826-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) is a proline specific serine protease which cleaves Xaa-Pro-dipeptides from the N-terminus of longer peptides. A series of product analogous amino acid amides containing different structure modifications like substitution of a ring atom, variation of the ring size and/or the introduction of a thioxo amide bond, phosphono amide bond or reduced amide bond were done to characterize these compounds as inhibitors of DP IV. These compounds are mostly classical reversible inhibitors of DP IV. In contrast amino acyl-2-cyanopyrrolidides inhibit DP IV according to a slow-binding mechanism with inhibition constants in the nanomolare range. On the other hand, diaryl dipeptide phosphonates inhibit irreversibly. In conclusion, this work shows, that the mechanism of inhibition of DP IV depends on the structure of the investigated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stöckel-Maschek
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Germany
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21
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Chapter 19. DPP-IV inhibition and therapeutic potential. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(01)36059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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22
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Zhang XY, De Meester I, Lambeir AM, Dillen L, Van Dongen W, Esmans EL, Haemers A, Scharpé S, Claeys M. Study of the enzymatic degradation of vasostatin I and II and their precursor chromogranin A by dipeptidyl peptidase IV using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 1999; 34:255-263. [PMID: 10226356 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9888(199904)34:4<255::aid-jms752>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of dipeptidyl peptidase IV with structurally related proteins differing in chain length, namely vasostatin I and II and their precursor protein chromogranin A, was examined using high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with electrospray mass spectrometry. Suitable analytical procedures were developed involving the use of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for purification of the enzymatic degradation products and a peptide mapping procedure for evaluating the enzymatic degradation of the large precursor protein chromogranin A. While vasostatin I was found to be a substrate for dipeptidyl peptidase IV, no N-terminal cleavage of Leu-Pro could be noted for chromogranin A. With respect to vasostatin II, N-terminal degradation was only observed after degradation in the C-terminal domain to proteins containing < or = 78 amino acids. The specificity of the N-terminal release of Leu-Pro was proved by addition of a DPP IV specific inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UIA), Belgium
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23
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Shimazawa R, Takayama H, Kato F, Kato M, Hashimoto Y. Nonpeptide small-molecular inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV: N-phenylphthalimide analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:559-62. [PMID: 10098663 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of nonpeptide small-molecular dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors with an N-phenylphthalimide skeleton has been developed. Some of the compounds, including 4-amino-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phthalimides (7), 4- and 5-hydroxy-(2,6-diethylphenyl)phthalimide (11 and 14), 4-hydroxy-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)phthalimide (12), and thiocarbonyl analogs of (2,6-diisopropylphenyl)phthalimide and their 4,5,6,7-tetrafluorinated derivative (18, 19 and 20), were more potent than the well-known DPP-IV-specific inhibitor, Pro-boroPro (PBP). Among them, 18 was revealed to be a DPP-IV-specific inhibitor, while the others also showed inhibitory activity toward another peptidase, aminopeptidase N (APN).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shimazawa
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Lin J, Toscano PJ, Welch JT. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV by fluoroolefin-containing N-peptidyl-O-hydroxylamine peptidomimetics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:14020-4. [PMID: 9826645 PMCID: PMC24318 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.24.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5; DPP IV), also known as the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD26 when found as an extracellular membrane-bound proline specific serine protease, cleaves a dipeptide from the N terminus of a polypeptide chain containing a proline residue in the penultimate position. Here we report that known (Z)-Ala-psi[CF=C]-Pro dipeptide isosteres 1 and 2, which contain O-acylhydroxylamines, were isolated as diastereomeric pairs u-1, l-1, and l-2. The effect of each diastereomeric pair as an inhibitor of human placental dipeptidyl peptidase DPP IV has been examined. The inhibition of DPP IV by these compounds is rapid and efficient. The diastereomeric pair u-1 exhibits very potent inhibitory activity with a Ki of 188 nM. Fluoroolefin containing N-peptidyl-O-hydroxylamine peptidomimetics, by virtue of their inhibitory potency and stability, are superior to N-peptidyl-O-hydroxylamine inhibitors derived from an Ala-Pro dipeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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25
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Abstract
Proline is unique among the 20 amino acids due to its cyclic structure. This specific conformation imposes many restrictions on the structural aspects of peptides and proteins and confers particular biological properties upon a wide range of physiologically important biomolecules. In order to adequately deal with such peptides, nature has developed a group of enzymes that recognise this residue specifically. These peptidases cover practically all situations where a proline residue might occur in a potential substrate. In this paper we endeavour to discuss these enzymes, particularly those responsible for peptide or protein hydrolysis at proline sites. We have detailed their discovery, biochemical attributes and substrate specificities and have provided information as to the methodology used to detect and manipulate their activities. We have also described the roles, or potential roles that these enzymes may play physiologically and the consequences of their dysfunction in varied disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Cunningham
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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De Meester I, Belyaev A, Lambeir AM, De Meyer GR, Van Osselaer N, Haemers A, Scharpé S. In vivo inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity by pro-pro-diphenyl-phosphonate (Prodipine). Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 54:173-9. [PMID: 9296364 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(97)00149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5), also known as CD26, is a membrane-bound serine protease that cleaves off aminoterminal dipeptides from peptides with a penultimate proline (or, at a much slower rate, a penultimate alanine). Recently, we synthesized and characterized a number of dipeptide-derived diphenylphosphonates. Out of the resulting series of slow-binding irreversible inhibitors of DPP IV, diphenyl 1-(S)-prolylpyrrolidine-2(R,S)-phosphonate hydrochloride (Pro-Pro-diphenylphosphonate or Prodipine) was selected for further study. We investigated the in vivo applicability of Prodipine. Male rabbits weighing 3-4 kg received a single intravenous injection with 10 mg Prodipine or saline. After 1 hr, plasma DPP IV activity had decreased to less than 20% of the preinjection value and remained unchanged during a 24-hr observation period. In a next step, we aimed to study (i) the dose dependency and (ii) the duration of the effect after a single intravenous dose of Prodipine. A profound and long-lasting inhibition of plasma DPP IV activity was observed in the treated animals (1, 5 or 10 mg). It took 5 to 8 days to reach half of the pretreatment DPP IV activity and generally more than 20 days for a complete recovery. Systemic treatment with Prodipine not only led to inhibition of plasma DPP IV activity but also decreased tissue DPP IV activity in circulating mononuclear cells, kidney cortex, thymus, spleen, lung, and liver. No differences in activities of the related peptidases aminopeptidase P (APP, EC 3.4.11.9), prolyl oligopeptidase (PO, EC 3.4.21.26), or aminopeptidase M (mAAP, EC 3.4.11.2) were detected between Prodipine-treated and control rabbits. The in vivo applicability of this chemically stable, irreversible inhibitor of DPP IV opens new possibilities, not only to further unravel the biological functions of this intriguing ectopeptidase, but also to explore this enzyme as a new target in various fields of pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- I De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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27
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Korom S, De Meester I, Stadlbauer TH, Chandraker A, Schaub M, Sayegh MH, Belyaev A, Haemers A, Scharpé S, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Inhibition of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in vivo prolongs cardiac allograft survival in rat recipients. Transplantation 1997; 63:1495-500. [PMID: 9175816 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199705270-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The CD26 antigen, one of the major costimulatory molecules in T cell activation, was shown to possess dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) activity. Previously, we demonstrated that immunosuppressed kidney transplant patients exhibit lower DPP IV serum activity as compared with healthy individuals. In the present study, we analyzed the role of CD26/DPP IV in the immune cascade triggered by organ transplantation and leading to acute rejection of cardiac allografts in rat recipients. Transplantation of hearts from (Lewis x Brown Norway)F1 donors into Lewis hosts resulted in an early (24 hr) increase in cellular CD26 expression, followed by a rise in DPP IV serum activity, which peaked at day 6, i.e., before the time of actual graft loss. Specific targeting of DPP IV activity with a novel, low-molecular-weight inhibitor of the diphenyl-phosphonate group (prodipine) abrogated acute rejection and prolonged cardiac allograft survival to 14.0+/-0.9 days (P<0.0001). Prodipine treatment prevented the early peak of cellular CD26 expression and thoroughly suppressed systemic DPP IV activity. The inhibition of DPP IV was associated with severely impaired host cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in vitro. These results demonstrate the role of CD26/DPP IV in alloantigen-mediated immune regulation in vivo and provide the first direct evidence that CD26/DPP IV plays an important role in the mechanism of allograft rejection. The model of targeting CD26/DPP IV may reveal essential interactions on the level of costimulatory alternate T cell activation pathways, allowing a more subtle approach for more selective immunosuppression in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Korom
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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28
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Korom S, De Meester I, Onodera K, Stadlbauer TH, Borloo M, Lambeir AM, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. The effects of CD26/DPP IV-targeted therapy on acute allograft rejection. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:1274-5. [PMID: 9123303 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Korom
- Harvard Medical School, Dept of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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29
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Pyrrolidides: synthesis and structure-activity relationship as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Eur J Med Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(97)89082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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