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Hamdy NM, Eskander G, Basalious EB. Insights on the Dynamic Innovative Tumor Targeted-Nanoparticles-Based Drug Delivery Systems Activation Techniques. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6131-6155. [PMID: 36514378 PMCID: PMC9741821 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s386037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer conventional chemotherapeutic drugs novel formula progress, nowadays, uses nano technology for targeted drug delivery, specifically tailored to overcome therapeutic agents' delivery challenges. Polymer drug delivery systems (DDS) play a crucial role in minimizing off-target side effects arising when using standard cytotoxic drugs. Using nano-formula for targeted localized action, permits using larger effective cytotoxic doses on a single special spot, that can seriously cause harm if it was administered systemically. Therefore, various nanoparticles (NPs) specifically have attached groups for targeting capabilities, not seen in bulk materials, which then need activation. In this review, we will present a simple innovative, illustrative, in a cartoon-way, enumeration of NP anti-cancer drug targeting delivery system activation-types. Area(s) covered in this review are the mechanisms of various NP activation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Georgette Eskander
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Postgraduate Student, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad B Basalious
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt,Correspondence: Emad B Basalious; Nadia M Hamdy, Email ;
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Sinha R, Chatterjee A, Purkayastha P. Graphene Quantum Dot Assisted Translocation of Daunomycin through an Ordered Lipid Membrane: A Study by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy and Resonance Energy Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1232-1241. [PMID: 35129981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Daunomycin (DN) is a well-known chemotherapy drug frequently used in treating acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia. It needs to be delivered to the therapeutic target by a delivering agent that beats the blood-brain barrier. DN is known to be specifically located at the membrane surface and scantly to the bilayer. Penetration of DN into the membrane bilayer depends on the molecular packing of the lipid. It does not travel promptly to the interior of the cells and needs a carrier to serve the purpose. Here, we have demonstrated, by fluorescence lifetime imaging spectroscopy (FLIM) and resonance energy transfer (RET) phenomenon, that ultrasmall graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can be internalized into the aqueous pool of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) made from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipids, which, in turn, help in fast translocation of DN through the membrane without any delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Sinha
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India
| | - Arunavo Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India
| | - Pradipta Purkayastha
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India
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Metabolism and interactions of Ivermectin with human cytochrome P450 enzymes and drug transporters, possible adverse and toxic effects. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1535-1546. [PMID: 33719007 PMCID: PMC7956433 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The review presents metabolic properties of Ivermectin (IVM) as substrate and inhibitor of human P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes and drug transporters. IVM is metabolized, both in vivo and in vitro, by C-hydroxylation and O-demethylation reactions catalyzed by P450 3A4 as the major enzyme, with a contribution of P450 3A5 and 2C9. In samples from both in vitro and in vivo metabolism, a number of metabolites were detected and as major identified metabolites were 3″-O-demethylated, C4-methyl hydroxylated, C25 isobutyl-/isopropyl-hydroxylated, and products of oxidation reactions. Ivermectin inhibited P450 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and CYP3A4 with IC50 values ranging from 5.3 μM to no inhibition suggesting that it is no or weak inhibitor of the enzymes. It is suggested that P-gp (MDR1) transporter participate in IVM efflux at low drug concentration with a slow transport rate. At the higher, micromolar concentration range, which saturates MDR1 (P-gp), MRP1, and to a lesser extent, MRP2 and MRP3 participate in IVM transport across physiological barriers. IVM exerts a potent inhibition of P-gp (ABCB1), MRP1 (ABCC1), MRP2 (ABCC2), and BCRP1 (ABCG2), and medium to weak inhibition of OATP1B1 (SLC21A6) and OATP1B3 (SLCOB3) transport activity. The metabolic and transport properties of IVM indicate that when IVM is co-administered with other drugs/chemicals that are potent inhibitors/inducers P4503A4 enzyme and of MDR1 (P-gp), BCRP or MRP transporters, or when polymorphisms of the drug transporters and P450 3A4 exist, drug–drug or drug–toxic chemical interactions might result in suboptimal response to the therapy or to toxic effects.
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Rendic S, Guengerich FP. Metabolism and Interactions of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine with Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Drug Transporters. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 21:1127-1135. [PMID: 33292107 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221999201208211537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical practice, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are often co-administered with other drugs in the treatment of malaria, chronic inflammatory diseases, and COVID-19. Therefore, their metabolic properties and the effects on the activity of cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes and drug transporters should be considered when developing the most efficient treatments for patients. METHODS Scientific literature on the interactions of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine with human P450 enzymes and drug transporters, was searched using PUBMED.Gov (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and the ADME database (https://life-science.kyushu.fujitsu.com/admedb/). RESULTS Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are metabolized by P450 1A2, 2C8, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4/5 in vitro and by P450s 2C8 and 3A4/5 in vivo by N-deethylation. Chloroquine effectively inhibited P450 2D6 in vitro; however, in vivo inhibition was not apparent except in individuals with limited P450 2D6 activity. Chloroquine is both an inhibitor and inducer of the transporter MRP1 and is also a substrate of the Mate and MRP1 transport systems. Hydroxychloroquine also inhibited P450 2D6 and the transporter OATP1A2. CONCLUSIONS Chloroquine caused a statistically significant decrease in P450 2D6 activity in vitro and in vivo, also inhibiting its own metabolism by the enzyme. The inhibition indicates a potential for clinical drug-drug interactions when taken with other drugs that are predominant substrates of the P450 2D6. When chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are used clinically with other drugs, substrates of P450 2D6 enzyme, attention should be given to substrate-specific metabolism by P450 2D6 alleles present in individuals taking the drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederick Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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White BD, Duan C, Townley HE. Nanoparticle Activation Methods in Cancer Treatment. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E202. [PMID: 31137744 PMCID: PMC6572460 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we intend to highlight the progress which has been made in recent years around different types of smart activation nanosystems for cancer treatment. Conventional treatment methods, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, suffer from a lack of specific targeting and consequent off-target effects. This has led to the development of smart nanosystems which can effect specific regional and temporal activation. In this review, we will discuss the different methodologies which have been designed to permit activation at the tumour site. These can be divided into mechanisms which take advantage of the differences between healthy cells and cancer cells to trigger activation, and those which activate by a mechanism extrinsic to the cell or tumour environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D White
- Department of Engineering Science, Oxford University, Parks Road, OX1 3PJ, Oxford, UK.
| | - Chengchen Duan
- Nuffield department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Oxford University John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Helen E Townley
- Department of Engineering Science, Oxford University, Parks Road, OX1 3PJ, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Oxford University John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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Lin SR, Weng CF. PG-Priming Enhances Doxorubicin Influx to Trigger Necrotic and Autophagic Cell Death in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7100375. [PMID: 30347872 PMCID: PMC6210351 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergistic effects between natural compounds and chemotherapy drugs are believed to have fewer side effects with equivalent efficacy. However, the synergistic potential of prodigiosin (PG) with doxorubicin (Dox) chemotherapy is still unknown. This study explores the synergistic mechanism of PG and Dox against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Three OSCC cell lines were treated with different PG/Dox combinatory schemes for cytotoxicity tests and were further investigated for cell death characteristics by cell cycle flow cytometry and autophagy/apoptosis marker labelling. When OSCC cells were pretreated with PG, the cytotoxicity of the subsequent Dox-treatment was 30% higher than Dox alone. The cytotoxic efficacy of PG-pretreated was found better than those of PG plus Dox co-treatment and Dox-pretreatment. Increase of Sub-G1 phase and caspase-3/LC-3 levels without poly (ADP-ribose) polymeras (PARP) elevation indicated both autophagy and necrosis occurred in OSCC cells. Dox flux after PG-priming was further evaluated by rhodamine-123 accumulation and Dox transporters analysis to elucidate the PG-priming effect. PG-priming autophagy enhanced Dox accumulation according to the increase of rhodamine-123 accumulation without the alterations of Dox transporters. Additionally, the cause of PG-triggered autophagy was determined by co-treatment with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor. PG-induced autophagy was not related to nutrient deprivation and ER stress was proved by co-treatment with specific inhibitor. Taken together, PG-priming autophagy could sensitize OSCC cells by promoting Dox influx without regulation of Dox transporter. The PG-priming might be a promising adjuvant approach for the chemotherapy of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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Foroughi S, Ziamajidi N, Javid S, Abbasalipourkabir R, Aflatoonian R, Ashrafi M, Nourian A. Study of telomerase reverse transcriptase and uterine-ovarian-specific genes expression in the endometrial tissue of ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:1302-1307. [PMID: 29471091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An in vivo study was carried out to study of telomerase reverse transcriptase and Uterine-Ovarian-specific genes expression in the endometrial tissue of ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 4 groups of six rats. The first and second groups were ovariectomized and given tamoxifen and tamoxifen-loaded SLN respectively for six days continuously. Group 3 served as the untreated ovariectomized control group and group 4 was made up of untreated normal healthy rats. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed and study of the genes expression and serum zinc and copper were carried out. RESULTS The results showed that the expression of TERT in the group treated with tamoxifen, and tamoxifen-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles, significantly decreased (p<0.001) compared with ovariectomized control group. The results also revealed that the treatment with tamoxifen-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles increased expression of UO-44 gene compared to ovariectomized control group, while there was no difference between tamoxifen treated and control group. CONCLUSIONS Encapsulation of tamoxifen in solid lipid nanoparticles increased its targeting efficiency and improved the impact of the drug on the serum levels of some trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saman Javid
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Faraji A, Dehghan Manshadi HR, Mobaraki M, Zare M, Houshmand M. Association of ABCB1 and SLC22A16 Gene Polymorphisms with Incidence of Doxorubicin-Induced Febrile Neutropenia: A Survey of Iranian Breast Cancer Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168519. [PMID: 28036387 PMCID: PMC5201260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy is used to treat breast cancer patients; however, neutropenia is a common hematologic side effect and can be life-threatening. The ABCB1 and SLC22A16 genes encode proteins that are essential for doxorubicin transport. In this study, we explored the effect of 2 common polymorphisms in ABCB1 (rs10276036 C/T) and SLC22A16 (rs12210538 A/G) on the development of grade 3/4 febrile neutropenia in Iranian breast cancer patients. Our results showed no significant association between these polymorphisms and grade 3/4 febrile neutropenia; however, allele C of ABCB1 (rs10276036 C/T) (p = 0.315, OR = 1.500, 95% CI = 0.679–3.312) and allele A of SLC22A16 (rs12210538 A/G) (p = 0.110, OR = 2.984, 95% CI = 0.743–11.988) tended to have a greater association with grade 3/4 febrile neutropenia, whereas allele T of ABCB1 (rs10276036) (p = 0.130, OR = 0.515, 95% CI = 0.217–1.223) and allele G of SLC22A16 (rs12210538) (p = 0.548, OR = 0.786, 95% CI = 0.358–1.726) tended to protect against this condition. In addition to breast cancer, a statistically significant association was also observed between the development of grade 3/4 febrile neutropenia and other clinical manifestations such as stage IIIC cancer (p = 0.037) and other diseases (p = 0.026). Our results indicate that evaluation of the risk of grade 3/4 neutropenia development and consideration of molecular and clinical findings may be of value when screening for high-risk breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Faraji
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Dehghan Manshadi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 7-Tir Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (MH); (DM)
| | - Maryam Mobaraki
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahkameh Zare
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 7-Tir Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (MH); (DM)
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Jiang P, Wang P, Sun X, Yuan Z, Zhan R, Ma X, Li W. Knockdown of long noncoding RNA H19 sensitizes human glioma cells to temozolomide therapy. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3501-9. [PMID: 27366087 PMCID: PMC4913544 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s96278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is commonly used in glioma chemotherapy. However, a great clinical challenge for TMZ is chemoresistance. H19 transcripts are recognized as long noncoding RNAs, which potentially interact with chromatin-modifying complexes to regulate gene expression via epigenetic changes. Our data based on glioma patients showed that the expression of H19 was significantly upregulated in TMZ-resistant tumors compared with the TMZ-sensitive tumors. To determine the function of H19 in glioma, cell lines U87 and U251 were exposed to TMZ to establish TMZ-resistant clones U87(TMZ) and U251(TMZ). In U87(TMZ) and U251(TMZ), the expression level of H19 transcripts was increased compared to wild-type or nonresistant clones, as determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Concomitant treatment with small interfering RNA specifically targeting H19 and TMZ in resistant glioma clones resulted in decreased IC50 values for TMZ, and increased apoptotic rates than control small interfering RNA-treated cells. This was also evident by the increased PARP cleavage in resistant cells exposed to TMZ + si-H19. Furthermore, the reduced expression of H19 altered major drug resistance genes, such as MDR, MRP, and ABCG2, both at the mRNA and protein levels. Taken together, these findings suggest that H19 plays an important role in the development of TMZ resistance, and may represent a novel therapeutic target for TMZ-resistant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Jiang
- Medical Department, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Neurosurgery Department, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Neurosurgery Department, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongshun Yuan
- Neurosurgery Department, Yinan People's Hospital, Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rucai Zhan
- Neurosurgery Department, No 3 Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Neurosurgery Department, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Neurosurgery Department, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Evaluation of P-Glycoprotein Inhibitory Potential Using a Rhodamine 123 Accumulation Assay. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:pharmaceutics8020012. [PMID: 27077878 PMCID: PMC4932475 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro evaluation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitory potential is now a regulatory issue during drug development, in order to predict clinical inhibition of P-gp and subsequent drug-drug interactions. Assays for this purpose, commonly based on P-gp-expressing cell lines and digoxin as a reference P-gp substrate probe, unfortunately exhibit high variability, raising thus the question of developing alternative or complementary tests for measuring inhibition of P-gp activity. In this context, the present study was designed to investigate the use of the fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 as a reference P-gp substrate probe for characterizing P-gp inhibitory potential of 16 structurally-unrelated drugs known to interact with P-gp. 14/16 of these P-gp inhibitors were found to increase rhodamine 123 accumulation in P-gp-overexpressing MCF7R cells, thus allowing the determination of their P-gp inhibitory potential, i.e., their half maximal inhibitor concentration (IC50) value towards P-gp-mediated transport of the dye. These IC50 values were in the range of variability of previously reported IC50 for P-gp and can be used for the prediction of clinical P-gp inhibition according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria, with notable sensitivity (80%). Therefore, the data demonstrated the feasibility of the use of rhodamine 123 for evaluating the P-gp inhibitory potential of drugs.
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Volm M, Efferth T. Prediction of Cancer Drug Resistance and Implications for Personalized Medicine. Front Oncol 2015; 5:282. [PMID: 26734568 PMCID: PMC4681783 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance still impedes successful cancer chemotherapy. A major goal of early concepts in individualized therapy was to develop in vitro tests to predict tumors’ drug responsiveness. We have developed an in vitro short-term test based on nucleic acid precursor incorporation to determine clinical drug resistance. This test detects inherent and acquired resistance in vitro and transplantable syngeneic and xenografted tumors in vivo. In several clinical trials, clinical resistance was predictable with more than 90% accuracy, while drug sensitivity was detected with less accuracy (~60%). Remarkably, clinical cross-resistance to numerous drugs (multidrug resistance, broad spectrum resistance) was detectable by a single compound, doxorubicin, due to its multifactorial modes of action. The results of this predictive test were in good agreement with predictive assays of other authors. As no predictive test has been established as yet for clinical diagnostics, the identification of sensitive drugs may not reach sufficiently high reliability for clinical routine. A meta-analysis of the literature published during the past four decades considering test results of more than 15,000 tumor patients unambiguously demonstrated that, in the majority of studies, resistance was correctly predicted with an accuracy between 80 and 100%, while drug sensitivity could only be predicted with an accuracy of 50–80%. This synopsis of the published literature impressively illustrates that prediction of drug resistance could be validated. The determination of drug resistance was reliable independent of tumor type, test assay, and drug used in these in vitro tests. By contrast, chemosensitivity could not be predicted with high reliability. Therefore, we propose a rethinking of the “chemosensitivity” concept. Instead, predictive in vitro tests may reliably identify drug-resistant tumors. The clinical consequence imply to subject resistant tumors not to chemotherapy, but to other new treatment options, such as antibody therapy, adoptive immune therapy, hyperthermia, gene therapy, etc. The high accuracy to predict resistant tumors may be exploited to develop new strategies for individualized cancer therapy. This new concept bears the potential of a revival of predictive tests for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Volm
- Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht Karls University , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany
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12
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Multifunctional Polymeric Nano-Carriers in Targeted Drug Delivery. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Anselmo HMR, van den Berg JHJ, Rietjens IMCM, Murk AJ. Inhibition of cellular efflux pumps involved in multi xenobiotic resistance (MXR) in echinoid larvae as a possible mode of action for increased ecotoxicological risk of mixtures. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:2276-2287. [PMID: 22868905 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In marine organisms the multi xenobiotic resistance (MXR) mechanism via e.g. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) is an important first line of defense against contaminants by pumping contaminants out of the cells. If compounds would impair the MXR mechanism, this could result in increased intracellular levels of other compounds, thereby potentiating their toxicity. A calcein-AM based larval cellular efflux pump inhibition assay (CEPIA) was developed for echinoid (Psammechinus miliaris) larvae and applied for several contaminants. The larval CEPIA revealed that triclosan (TCS) and the nanoparticles P-85(®) (P-85) were 124 and 155× more potent inhibitors (IC(50) 0.5 ± 0.05 and 0.4 ± 0.1 μM, respectively) of efflux pumps than the model inhibitor Verapamil (VER). PFOS (heptadecafluorooctane sulfonic acid) and pentachlorophenol also were more potent than VER, 24 and 5×, respectively. Bisphenol A and o,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p'-DDT) inhibited efflux pumps with a potency 3× greater than VER. In a 48 h early life stage bioassay with P. miliaris, exposure to a non-lethal concentration of the inhibitors TCS, VER, the model MRP inhibitor MK-571, the nanoparticles P-85 and the model P-gp inhibitor PSC-833, increased the toxicity of the toxic model substrate for efflux pumps vinblastine by a factor of 2, 4, 4, 8 and 16, respectively. Our findings show that several contaminants accumulating in the marine environment inhibit cellular efflux pumps, which could potentiate toxic effects of efflux pumps substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique M R Anselmo
- Sub-department of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Germann UA, Chambers TC. Molecular analysis of the multidrug transporter, P-glycoprotein. Cytotechnology 2012; 27:31-60. [PMID: 19002782 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008023629269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherent or acquired resistance of tumor cells to cytotoxic drugs represents a major limitation to the successful chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. During the past three decades dramatic progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular basis of this phenomenon. Analyses of drug-selected tumor cells which exhibit simultaneous resistance to structurally unrelated anti-cancer drugs have led to the discovery of the human MDR1 gene product, P-glycoprotein, as one of the mechanisms responsible for multidrug resistance. Overexpression of this 170 kDa N-glycosylated plasma membrane protein in mammalian cells has been associated with ATP-dependent reduced drug accumulation, suggesting that P-glycoprotein may act as an energy-dependent drug efflux pump. P-glycoprotein consists of two highly homologous halves each of which contains a transmembrane domain and an ATP binding fold. This overall architecture is characteristic for members of the ATP-binding cassette or ABC superfamily of transporters. Cell biological, molecular genetic and biochemical approaches have been used for structure-function studies of P-glycoprotein and analysis of its mechanism of action. This review summarizes the current status of knowledge on the domain organization, topology and higher order structure of P-glycoprotein, the location of drug- and ATP binding sites within P-glycoprotein, its ATPase and drug transport activities, its possible functions as an ion channel, ATP channel and lipid transporter, its potential role in cholesterol biosynthesis, and the effects of phosphorylation on P-glycoprotein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- U A Germann
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 130 Waverly Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4242, U.S.A.,
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15
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Mattern J, Volm M. Role of oxygenation and vascularization in drug resistance. Cytotechnology 2012; 27:249-56. [PMID: 19002796 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008033326059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygenation status and tumor vascularization seem to be important factors in determining therapeutic effectiveness and patient prognosis. An abundance of data on tumor oxygenation and vascularization is available and it clearly shows that most human solid tumors are heterogeneously oxygenated and vascularized. They contain hypoxic regions. Such regions and areas of reduced vascularization can affect the response to a variety of drugs. Direct measurements of pO(2) and the vascular density in various types of tumors have, upon correlation of the data to therapeutic outcome, shown that low pO(2) values and low vascular density are associated with a decreased response to therapy. Therefore, oxygenation status and the extent of tumor vascularization may well be important factors contributing to the difficulty of successful therapy in certain types of tumors.
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16
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Yousefpour P, Atyabi F, Farahani EV, Sakhtianchi R, Dinarvand R. Polyanionic carbohydrate doxorubicin-dextran nanocomplex as a delivery system for anticancer drugs: in vitro analysis and evaluations. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:1487-96. [PMID: 21796249 PMCID: PMC3141874 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s18535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study deals with the preparation and investigation of a nanoscale delivery system for the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) using its complexation with polyanionic carbohydrate dextran sulfate (DS). Dynamic light scattering, SEM, and zeta potential determination were used to characterize nanocomplexes. DOX-DS complexation was studied in the presence of ethanol as a hydrogen-bond disrupting agent, NaCl as an electrostatic shielding agent, and chitosan as a positively charged polymer. Thermodynamics of DOX-DS interaction was studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). A dialysis method was applied to investigate the release profile of DOX from DOX-DS nanocomplexes. Spherical and smooth-surfaced DOX-DS nanocomplexes (250–500 nm) with negative zeta potential were formed at a DS/DOX (w/w) ratio of 0.4–0.6, with over 90% drug encapsulation efficiency. DOX when complexed with DS showed lower fluorescence emission and 480 nm absorbance plus a 15 nm bathometric shift in its visible absorbance spectrum. Electrostatic hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions are the main contributing interactions in DOX-DS complexation. Thermal analysis of DOX-DS complexation by ITC revealed that each DOX molecule binds with 3 DS glycosyl monomers. Drug release profile of nanocomplexes showed a fast DOX release followed by a slow sustained release, leading to release of 32% of entrapped DOX within 15 days. DOX-DS nanocomplexes may serve as a drug delivery system with efficient drug encapsulation and also may be taken into consideration in designing DOX controlled-release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Yousefpour
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sagawa Y, Fujitoh A, Nishi H, Ito H, Yudate T, Isaka K. Establishment of three cisplatin-resistant endometrial cancer cell lines using two methods of cisplatin exposure. Tumour Biol 2010; 32:399-408. [PMID: 21113744 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the endometrial cancer cell line EI established in our department, we attempted to establish cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant cell lines by incremental exposure and high concentration exposure methods. Three CDDP-resistant cell lines were isolated, which could be distinguished by morphological differences. 1. Upon acquiring CDDP resistance, the cells tended to become small and grow in a floating state. This tendency was especially marked when using incremental exposure method. Using the incremental exposure method, a cell line obtained by isolating and culturing only adherent cells was designated EICR-Ia, and a cell line established by culturing only floating cells was designated EICR-If. A cell line obtained by the high concentration exposure method was designated EICR-II. 2. Upon acquiring CDDP resistance, tumor markers such as TPA and LDH increased, while proliferative capability of the cells was lowered. 3. The invasion capability was diminished in EICR-If cells, but was increased in EICR-Ia and EICR-II cells. 4. Following exposure to CDDP, the intracellular platinum concentrations were markedly elevated in EI and EICR-If cells, whereas the increase was mild in EICR-Ia and EICR-II cells and the concentration was lower than that in parent EI cells. 5. Studies of drug resistance gene expression revealed increased expression of MDR1, GSTπ, and Topo-II in EICR-If cells; increased expression of GSTπ in EICR-II cells; but no expression of any of the genes in EICR-Ia cells. 6. Analyses of cancer- and apoptosis-related genes showed increased expressions of Bcl-2, c-Myc, p53, and ICE in EICR-If cells. 7. Upon acquiring CDDP resistance, sensitivity to mitomycin and adriamycin decreased, but sensitivity to etoposide and 5-fluorouracil increased. The findings indicate that the mechanisms of CDDP resistance are different in the three cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Sagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Guengerich FP, Rendic S. Update information on drug metabolism systems--2009, part I. Curr Drug Metab 2010; 11:1-3. [PMID: 20307256 DOI: 10.2174/138920010791110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The field of drug metabolism has changed dramatically in the past generation. Two of the driving forces are the advances in analytical chemistry and our understanding of the biological systems. With regard to the former, the advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are extremely impressive, and the speed of analysis has been increased even more with the recent developments in ultraperformance LC (UPLC). NMR analysis on a sub-microgram scale is not unusual, and the 2-dimensional methods are also very impressive. The biology underlying gene regulation is highly developed, and the recombinant methods have greatly facilitated progress in the field. Today it is common to design discovery and development efforts focused on critical human phenomena from the very start, with animal studies supporting the efficacy and safety efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, USA.
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19
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Bray J, Sludden J, Griffin MJ, Cole M, Verrill M, Jamieson D, Boddy AV. Influence of pharmacogenetics on response and toxicity in breast cancer patients treated with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:1003-9. [PMID: 20179710 PMCID: PMC2844036 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) therapy is an effective treatment for early-stage breast cancer. Doxorubicin is a substrate for ABCB1 and SLC22A16 transporters. Cyclophosphamide is a prodrug that requires oxidation to 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, which yields a cytotoxic alkylating agent. The initial oxidation is catalysed by cytochrome P450 enzymes including CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A5. Polymorphic variants of the genes coding for these enzymes and transporters have been identified, which may influence the systemic pharmacology of the two drugs. It is not known whether this genetic variation has an impact on the efficacy or toxicity of AC therapy. Methods: Germ line DNA samples from 230 patients with breast cancer on AC therapy were genotyped for the following SNPs: ABCB1 C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T, SLC22A16 A146G, T312C, T755C and T1226C, CYP2B6*2, *8, *9, *3, *4 and *5, CYP2C9*2 and *3, CYP3A5*3 and CYP2C19*2. Clinical data on survival, toxicity, demographics and pathology were collated. Results: A lower incidence of dose delay, indicative of less toxicity, was seen in carriers of the SLC22A16 A146G, T312C, T755C variants. In contrast, a higher incidence of dose delay was seen in carriers of the SLC22A16 1226C, CYP2B6*2 and CYP2B6*5 alleles. The ABCB1 2677A, CYP2B6*2, CYP 2B6*8, CYP 2B6*9, CYP 2B6*4 alleles were associated with a worse outcome. Conclusion: Variant alleles in the ABCB1, SLC22A16 and CYP2B6 genes are associated with response to AC therapy in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bray
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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20
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Cui YJ, Cheng X, Weaver YM, Klaassen CD. Tissue distribution, gender-divergent expression, ontogeny, and chemical induction of multidrug resistance transporter genes (Mdr1a, Mdr1b, Mdr2) in mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 37:203-10. [PMID: 18854377 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.023721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (Mdr) transporters are ATP-binding cassette transporters that efflux amphipathic cations from cells and protect tissues from xenobiotics. Unfortunately, Mdr transporters also efflux anticancer drugs from some tumor cells, resulting in multidrug resistance. There are two groups of Mdrs in mice: group I includes Mdr1a and Mdr1b that transport xenobiotics, whereas group II is Mdr2, a flipase that facilitates phospholipid excretion into bile. Little is known about the regulation of Mdr genes in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine tissue distribution, gender differences, ontogeny, and chemical induction of Mdrs in mice. The mRNA of Mdr1a is highest in gastrointestinal tract, Mdr1b in ovary and placenta, and Mdr2 in liver. Both Mdr1a and Mdr1b in kidney show female-predominant expression patterns due to repression by androgens. The ontogeny of mouse Mdr1a in duodenum and brain as well as Mdr1b in brain, kidney, and liver all share a similar developmental pattern: low expression at birth, followed by a gradual increase to mature levels at approximately 30 days of age. In contrast, Mdr2 mRNA in liver is markedly up-regulated at birth, which returns to low levels by 5 days of age and then gradually increases to mature levels. None of the Mdrs in liver are readily inducible by any class of microsomal enzyme inducers. In conclusion, the three Mdr transporters in mice are expressed in a tissue-specific and age-dependent pattern, there are gender differences in expression, and Mdr transporters are inducible by only a few microsomal enzyme inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Julia Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66160-7417, USA
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Devalapally H, Duan Z, Seiden MV, Amiji MM. Modulation of drug resistance in ovarian adenocarcinoma by enhancing intracellular ceramide using tamoxifen-loaded biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:3193-203. [PMID: 18483388 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To modulate intracellular ceramide levels and lower the apoptotic threshold in multidrug-resistant ovarian adenocarcinoma, we have examined the efficacy and preliminary safety of tamoxifen coadministration with paclitaxel in biodegradable poly(ethylene oxide)-modified poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PEO-PCL) nanoparticles. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro cytotoxicity and proapoptotic activity of paclitaxel and tamoxifen, either as single agent or in combination, was examined in wild-type (SKOV3) and MDR-1-positive (SKOV3TR) human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells. Subcutaneous SKOV3 and SKOV3TR xenografts were established in female nu/nu mice, and this model was used to evaluate the antitumor efficacy and preliminary safety. Paclitaxel (20 mg/kg) and tamoxifen (70 mg/kg) were administered i.v. either as a single agent or in combination in aqueous solution and in PEO-PCL nanoparticles. RESULTS In vitro cytotoxicity results showed that administration of paclitaxel and tamoxifen in combination lowered the IC50 of paclitaxel by 10-fold in SKOV3 cells and by >3-fold in SKOV3TR cells. The combination paclitaxel/tamoxifen co-therapy showed even more pronounced effect when administered in nanoparticle formulations. Upon i.v. administration of paclitaxel/tamoxifen combination in PEO-PCL nanoparticle formulations, significant enhancement in antitumor efficacy was observed. Furthermore, the combination paclitaxel/tamoxifen therapy did not induce any acute toxicity as measured by body weight changes, blood cell counts, and hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that combination of paclitaxel and tamoxifen in biodegradable PEO-PCL nanoparticles can serve as an effective clinically translatable strategy to overcome multidrug resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishna Devalapally
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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van Vlerken LE, Duan Z, Little SR, Seiden MV, Amiji MM. Biodistribution and pharmacokinetic analysis of Paclitaxel and ceramide administered in multifunctional polymer-blend nanoparticles in drug resistant breast cancer model. Mol Pharm 2008; 5:516-26. [PMID: 18616278 PMCID: PMC2646668 DOI: 10.1021/mp800030k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the biodistribution and pharmacokinetic analysis of paclitaxel (PTX) and the apoptotic signaling molecule, C6-ceramide (CER), when administered in a multifunctional polymer-blend nanoparticle formulation to female nude mice bearing an orthotopic drug sensitive MCF7 and multidrug resistant MCF7 TR (MDR-1 positive) human breast adenocarcinoma. A polymer-blend nanoparticle system was engineered to incorporate temporally controlled sequential release of the combination drug payload. Hereby, PTX was encapsulated in the pH-responsive rapid releasing polymer, poly(beta-amino ester) (PbAE), while CER was present in the slow releasing polymer, poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) within these blend nanoparticles. When particle formulations were administered intravenously to MCF7 and MCF7 TR tumor bearing mice, higher concentrations of PTX were found in the blood due to longer retention time and an enhanced tumor accumulation relative to administration of free drug. In addition, the PLGA/PbAE blend nanoparticles were effective in enhancing the residence time of both drugs at the tumor site by reducing systemic clearance. Overall, these results are highly encouraging for development of multifunctional polymer-blend nanoparticle formulations that can be used for temporal-controlled administration of two drugs from a single formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mansoor M. Amiji
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Northeastern University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, 110 Mugar Life Sciences Building, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. Tel: 617-373-3137. Fax: 617-373-8886. E-mail:
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23
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Munnier E, Tewes F, Cohen-Jonathan S, Linassier C, Douziech-Eyrolles L, Marchais H, Soucé M, Hervé K, Dubois P, Chourpa I. On the interaction of doxorubicin with oleate ions: fluorescence spectroscopy and liquid-liquid extraction study. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:1006-10. [PMID: 17603190 PMCID: PMC4712348 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increase of lipophilicity of cationic doxorubicin (DOX) by its association with a fatty acid ion is of interest for pharmaceutical formulations and could have an impact on the drug delivery into cancer cells. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis of intrinsic DOX fluorescence, this study provides an experimental evidence of DOX-oleate interactions as function of ion/drug molar ratio (R) and pH. An electrostatic attraction to oleates is dominant for the cationic form of DOX (pH 6.5) and a hydrophobic interaction is characteristic of the molecular form of DOX (pH 8.6). A high content of sodium oleate vesicles ([oleate]>/=0.2 mM, R>/=20) limits the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions at pH 6.5 while favoring the hydrophobic interactions at pH 8.6. The influence of these interactions on the lipophilicity of the cationic form of DOX is analyzed by measuring the apparent partition coefficient (aqueous buffer pH 6.5/methylene chloride). The results show a lipophilicity gain for the cationic form of DOX in presence of 10 : 1 ion/drug molar ratio, while no lipophilicity increase is observed at 50 : 1 molar ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Munnier
- IF Imagerie Fonctionnelle
Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)INSERMEFSCHRU Tours2 Boulevard Tonnellé 37044 Tours cedex 1
- Focalisation Magnétique d'Agents Anticancéreux
IFR135
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale
Hôpital BretonneauCHRU Tours2 Boulevard Tonnellé 37000 Tours
| | - Frédéric Tewes
- IF Imagerie Fonctionnelle
Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)INSERMEFSCHRU Tours2 Boulevard Tonnellé 37044 Tours cedex 1
- Focalisation Magnétique d'Agents Anticancéreux
IFR135
- * Correspondence should be addressed to Frédéric Tewes
| | - Simone Cohen-Jonathan
- IF Imagerie Fonctionnelle
Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)INSERMEFSCHRU Tours2 Boulevard Tonnellé 37044 Tours cedex 1
- Focalisation Magnétique d'Agents Anticancéreux
IFR135
| | - Claude Linassier
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale
Hôpital BretonneauCHRU Tours2 Boulevard Tonnellé 37000 Tours
| | - Laurence Douziech-Eyrolles
- IF Imagerie Fonctionnelle
Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)INSERMEFSCHRU Tours2 Boulevard Tonnellé 37044 Tours cedex 1
- Focalisation Magnétique d'Agents Anticancéreux
IFR135
| | - Hervé Marchais
- IF Imagerie Fonctionnelle
Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)INSERMEFSCHRU Tours2 Boulevard Tonnellé 37044 Tours cedex 1
- Focalisation Magnétique d'Agents Anticancéreux
IFR135
| | - Martin Soucé
- IF Imagerie Fonctionnelle
Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)INSERMEFSCHRU Tours2 Boulevard Tonnellé 37044 Tours cedex 1
- Focalisation Magnétique d'Agents Anticancéreux
IFR135
| | - Katel Hervé
- IF Imagerie Fonctionnelle
Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)INSERMEFSCHRU Tours2 Boulevard Tonnellé 37044 Tours cedex 1
- Focalisation Magnétique d'Agents Anticancéreux
IFR135
| | - Pierre Dubois
- IF Imagerie Fonctionnelle
Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)INSERMEFSCHRU Tours2 Boulevard Tonnellé 37044 Tours cedex 1
- Focalisation Magnétique d'Agents Anticancéreux
IFR135
| | - Igor Chourpa
- IF Imagerie Fonctionnelle
Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)INSERMEFSCHRU Tours2 Boulevard Tonnellé 37044 Tours cedex 1
- Focalisation Magnétique d'Agents Anticancéreux
IFR135
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24
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van Vlerken LE, Duan Z, Seiden MV, Amiji MM. Modulation of Intracellular Ceramide Using Polymeric Nanoparticles to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. Cancer Res 2007; 67:4843-50. [PMID: 17510414 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although multidrug resistance (MDR) is known to develop through a variety of molecular mechanisms within the tumor cell, many tend to converge toward the alteration of apoptotic signaling. The enzyme glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), responsible for bioactivation of the proapoptotic mediator ceramide to a nonfunctional moiety glucosylceramide, is overexpressed in many MDR tumor types and has been implicated in cell survival in the presence of chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic strategy of coadministering ceramide with paclitaxel, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, in an attempt to restore apoptotic signaling and overcome MDR in the human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3. Poly(ethylene oxide)-modified poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PEO-PCL) nanoparticles were used to encapsulate and deliver the therapeutic agents for enhanced efficacy. Results show that indeed the cotherapy eradicates the complete population of MDR cancer cells when they are treated at their IC(50) dose of paclitaxel. More interestingly, when the cotherapy was combined with the properties of nanoparticle drug delivery, the MDR cells can be resensitized to a dose of paclitaxel near the IC(50) of non-MDR (drug sensitive) cells, indicating a 100-fold increase in chemosensitization via this approach. Molecular analysis of activity verified the hypothesis that the efficacy of this therapeutic approach is indeed due to a restoration in apoptotic signaling, although the beneficial properties of PEO-PCL nanoparticle delivery seemed to enhance the therapeutic success even further, showing the promising potential for the clinical use of this therapeutic strategy to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian E van Vlerken
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Ho YC, Tai KW, Chang YC. Synergistic effects of verapamil on pingyangmycin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in KB cells. Oral Dis 2007; 13:40-4. [PMID: 17241428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have shown that pingyangmycin (PYM; bleomycin A5) can induce two distinct modes of cell death (necrosis, apoptosis). At high concentrations, PYM can be considered as an apoptosis mimetic drug. In this study, we explored the possibility that the membrane-modifying agent verapamil might affect the transport function of PYM through the plasma membrane, resulting in inducing apoptosis of tumor cells at low concentration of PYM. METHODS Cytotoxicity, flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assays were used to detect the interaction of verapamil and PYM in human oral carcinoma cell line KB cells. RESULTS Our results indicated that verapamil can enhance the cytotoxicity of PYM against KB cells with the non-toxic doses (P<0.05). The cell viability at a concentration of 500 microg ml-1 of PYM was 35+/-2% compared with control and 10 microg ml-1 verapamil decreased the cell viability lower to 28+/-1%. In addition, because of the synergistic effect of verapamil, KB cells apoptosis was found to be induced when treated with a lower concentration of PYM (50 microg ml-1) for 24 h by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assays. CONCLUSIONS Verapamil was found to enhance PYM-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in KB cells. The responsiveness of PYM might be explained by the effective accumulation of PYM by verapamil in KB cells mediated by the inhibition of PYM efflux function of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Ho
- School of Applied Chemistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichungt, Taiwan
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26
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Hajitou A, Pasqualini R, Arap W. Vascular targeting: recent advances and therapeutic perspectives. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2006; 16:80-8. [PMID: 16546688 PMCID: PMC7172921 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2006.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Revised: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The ability to deliver therapeutics site—specifically in vivo—remains a major challenge for the treatment of malignant, inflammatory, cardiovascular, and degenerative diseases. The need to target agents safely, efficiently, and selectively has become increasingly evident because of progress in vascular targeting. The vascular endothelium is a central target for intervention, given its multiple roles in the physiology (in health) and pathophysiology (in disease) and its direct accessibility to circulating ligands. In cancer, the expression of specific molecules on the surface of vascular endothelial and perivascular cells might enable direct therapeutic targeting. The use of in vivo phage display has significantly contributed to the identification of such targets, which have been successfully used for directed vascular targeting in preclinical animal models. Several animal studies have been performed by using fused molecules between tumor endothelium-directed molecules and immunomodulatory, procoagulant, or cytotoxic molecules. In addition to delivery of therapeutic agents, vascular targeted gene therapies based on both ligand-directed delivery of gene vectors to tumor endothelium and transcriptional targeting have also emerged. In this review, we discuss ligand-directed vascular targeting strategies with an emphasis on recent developments related to phage-display-based screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Address correspondence to: Renata Pasqualini and Wadih Arap, Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Wadih Arap
- Address correspondence to: Renata Pasqualini and Wadih Arap, Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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27
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Jia P, Wu S, Li F, Xu Q, Wu M, Chen G, Liao G, Wang S, Zhou J, Lu Y, Ma D. Breast cancer resistance protein-mediated topotecan resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 15:1042-8. [PMID: 16343180 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2005.00260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and mitoxantrone (MX) resistance protein can confer resistance to a variety of cytostatic drugs, such as MX, topotecan (TPT), doxorubicin, and daunorubicin. This study investigates the role of BCRP in resistance of ovarian cancer to TPT treatment. We have developed TPT-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line. Intracellular concentration of fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 (Rh123) was measured by flow cytometry. The expression of several membrane transporter proteins including P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), and BCRP were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The Rh123 concentration in parental cells was approximately three times of those in TPT-resistant cells. In contrast to undetectable level of P-gp messenger RNA (mRNA) and minimal level of MRP1 expression in TPT-resistant cells, overexpression of both the BCRP mRNA and the protein was detected in these cells. Introduction of antisense-phosphorothioate oligonucleotide derived from BCRP mRNA into TPT-resistant cells resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of intracellular Rh123. These results suggested a novel mechanism in which a reduced intracellular drug concentration may be mediated by BCRP gene products in human ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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28
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Tabe Y, Konopleva M, Contractor R, Munsell M, Schober WD, Jin L, Tsutsumi-Ishii Y, Nagaoka I, Igari J, Andreeff M. Up-regulation of MDR1 and induction of doxorubicin resistance by histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide (FK228) and ATRA in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Blood 2005; 107:1546-54. [PMID: 16223781 PMCID: PMC1895410 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-10-4126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene product P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is frequently implicated in cross-resistance of tumors to chemotherapeutic drugs. In contrast, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells do not express MDR1 and are highly sensitive to anthracyclines. The combination of ATRA and the novel histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) depsipeptide (FK228) induced P-gp expression and prevented growth inhibition and apoptosis in NB4 APL cells subsequently exposed to doxorubicin (DOX). ATRA/FK228 treatment after exposure to DOX, however, enhanced apoptosis. Both agents, ATRA or FK228, induced MDR1 mRNA. This effect was significantly enhanced by ATRA/FK228 administered in combination, due in part to increased H4 and H3-Lys9 acetylation of the MDR1 promoter and recruitment of the nuclear transcription factor Y alpha (NFYA) transcription activator to the CCAAT box. Cotreatment with specific P-gp inhibitor PSC833 reversed cytoprotective effects of ATRA/FK228. G1 cell-cycle arrest and p21 mRNA induction were also observed in response to ATRA/FK228, which may restrict DOX-induced apoptosis of cells in G2 phase. These results indicate that epigenetic mechanisms involving NF-YA transcription factor recruitment and histone acetylation are activated by ATRA and HDACI, induce MDR1 in APL cells, and point to the critical importance of mechanism-based sequential therapy in future clinical trials that combine HDAC inhibitors, ATRA, and anthracyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Tabe
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Unit 448, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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29
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Francia G, Man S, Teicher B, Grasso L, Kerbel RS. Gene expression analysis of tumor spheroids reveals a role for suppressed DNA mismatch repair in multicellular resistance to alkylating agents. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:6837-49. [PMID: 15254249 PMCID: PMC444854 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.15.6837-6849.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major obstacle in the successful treatment of cancer. Thus, elucidation of the mechanisms responsible is a critical first step in trying to prevent or delay such manifestations of resistance. In this regard, three-dimensional multicellular tumor cell spheroids are intrinsically more resistant to virtually all anticancer cytotoxic drugs than conventional monolayer cultures. We have employed the EMT-6 subline PC5T, which forms highly compact spheroids, and differential display to identify candidate genes whose expression differs between monolayer and spheroids. Approximately 5,000 bands were analyzed, revealing 26 to be differentially expressed. Analysis of EMT-6 tumor variants selected in vivo for acquired resistance to alkylating agents identified eight genes whose expression correlated with drug resistance in tumor spheroids. Four genes (encoding Nop56, the NADH SDAP subunit, and two novel sequences) were found to be down-regulated in EMT-6 spheroids and four (encoding 2-oxoglutarate carrier protein, JTV-1, and two novel sequences) were up-regulated. Analysis of the DNA mismatch repair-associated PMS2 gene, which overlaps at the genomic level with the JTV-1 gene, revealed PMS2 mRNA to be down-regulated in tumor spheroids, which was confirmed at the protein level. Analysis of PMS2(-/-) mouse embryo fibroblasts confirmed a role for PMS2 in sensitivity to cisplatin, and DNA mismatch repair activity was found to be reduced in EMT-6 spheroids compared to monolayers. Dominant negative PMS2 transfection caused increased resistance to cisplatin in EMT-6 and CHO cells. Our results implicate reduced DNA mismatch repair as a determinant factor of reversible multicellular resistance of tumor cells to alkylating agents.
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MESH Headings
- Alkylating Agents/pharmacology
- Animals
- Base Pair Mismatch
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- CHO Cells
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Cricetinae
- DNA Repair
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Francia
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Research, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, S-217 Research Building, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
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30
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Loetchutinat C, Saengkhae C, Marbeuf-Gueye C, Garnier-Suillerot A. New insights into the P-glycoprotein-mediated effluxes of rhodamines. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2003; 270:476-85. [PMID: 12542697 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumour cells is often caused by the overexpression of the plasma drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). This protein is an active efflux pump for chemotherapeutic drugs, natural products and hydrophobic peptides. Despite the advances of recent years, we still have an unclear view of the molecular mechanism by which P-gp transports such a wide diversity of compounds across the membrane. Measurement of the kinetic characteristics of substrate transport is a powerful approach to enhancing our understanding of their function and mechanism. The aim of the present study was to further characterize the transport of several rhodamine analogues, either positively charged or zwitterionic. We took advantage of the intrinsic fluorescence of rhodamines and performed a flow-cytometric analysis of dye accumulation in the wild-type drug sensitive K562 that do not express P-gp and its MDR subline that display high levels of MDR. The measurements were made in real time using intact cells. The kinetic parameter, ka = VM/km, which is a measure of the efficiency of the P-gp-mediated efflux of a substrate was similar for almost all the rhodamine analogues tested. In addition these values were compared with those determined previously for the P-gp-mediated efflux of anthracycline. Our conclusion is that the compounds of these two classes of molecules, anthracyclines and rhodamines, are substrates of P-gp and that their pumping rates at limiting low substrate concentration are similar. The findings presented here are the first to show quantitative information about the kinetic parameters for P-gp-mediated efflux of rhodamine analogues in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchanok Loetchutinat
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie Biomoléculaire et Cellulaire (LPBC-CSSB), UMR CNRS 7033, Université Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
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31
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Turriziani O, Schuetz JD, Focher F, Scagnolari C, Sampath J, Adachi M, Bambacioni F, Riva E, Antonelli G. Impaired 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine accumulation in T-lymphoblastoid cells as a mechanism of acquired resistance independent of multidrug resistant protein 4 with a possible role for ATP-binding cassette C11. Biochem J 2002; 368:325-32. [PMID: 12133003 PMCID: PMC1222956 DOI: 10.1042/bj20020494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2002] [Revised: 06/26/2002] [Accepted: 07/19/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular factors may contribute to the decreased efficacy of chemotherapy in HIV infection. Indeed, prolonged treatment with nucleoside analogues, such as azidothymidine (AZT), 2',3'-deoxycytidine or 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, induces cellular resistance. We have developed a human T lymphoblastoid cell line (CEM 3TC) that is selectively resistant to the antiproliferative effect of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) because the CEM 3TC cells were equally sensitive to AZT, as well as the antimitotic agent, vinblastine. The anti-retroviral activity of 3TC against HIV-1 was also severely impaired in the CEM 3TC cells. Despite similar deoxycytidine kinase activity and unchanged uptake of nucleosides such as AZT and 2'-deoxycytidine, CEM 3TC had profoundly impaired 3TC accumulation. Further studies indicated that CEM 3TC retained much less 3TC. However, despite a small overexpression of multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 4, additional studies with cells specifically engineered to overexpress MRP4 demonstrated there was no impact on either 3TC accumulation or efflux. Finally, an increased expression of the MRP5 homologue, ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) was observed in the CEM 3TC cells. We speculate that the decreased 3TC accumulation in the CEM 3TC might be due to the upregulation of ABCC11.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Turriziani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
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32
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Volm M, Koomägi R, Mattern J, Efferth T. Protein expression profiles indicative for drug resistance of non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:251-7. [PMID: 12177790 PMCID: PMC2364224 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2001] [Revised: 05/14/2002] [Accepted: 05/29/2002] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Data obtained from multiple sources indicate that no single mechanism can explain the resistance to chemotherapy exhibited by non-small cell lung carcinomas. The multi-factorial nature of drug resistance implies that the analysis of comprising expression profiles may predict drug resistance with higher accuracy than single gene or protein expression studies. Forty cellular parameters (drug resistance proteins, proliferative, apoptotic, and angiogenic factors, products of proto-oncogenes, and suppressor genes) were evaluated mainly by immunohistochemistry in specimens of primary non-small cell lung carcinoma of 94 patients and compared with the response of the tumours to doxorubicin in vitro. The protein expression profile of non-small cell lung carcinoma was determined by hierarchical cluster analysis and clustered image mapping. The cluster analysis revealed three different resistance profiles. The frequency of each profile was different (77, 14 and 9%, respectively). In the most frequent drug resistance profile, the resistance proteins P-glycoprotein/MDR1 (MDR1, ABCB1), thymidylate-synthetase, glutathione-S-transferase-pi, metallothionein, O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase and major vault protein/lung resistance-related protein were up-regulated. Microvessel density, the angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor FLT1, and ECGF1 as well were down-regulated. In addition, the proliferative factors proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin A were reduced compared to the sensitive non-small cell lung carcinoma. In this resistance profile, FOS was up-regulated and NM23 down-regulated. In the second profile, only three resistance proteins were increased (glutathione-S-transferase-pi, O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase, major vault protein/lung resistance-related protein). The angiogenic factors were reduced. In the third profile, only five of the resistance factors were increased (MDR1, thymidylate-synthetase, glutathione-S-transferase-pi, O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase, major vault protein/lung resistance-related protein).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Volm
- German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Li XF, Kinuya S, Yokoyama K, Konishi S, Ma YY, Watanabe N, Shuke N, Bunko H, Michigishi T, Tonami N. Technetium-99m-tetrofosmin would be a substrate for multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP): comparison between a leukemia cell line with high MRP gene expression and its parental cell line. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2001; 16:17-23. [PMID: 11279794 DOI: 10.1089/108497801750095961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The kinetics of cellular accumulation and retention of technetium-99m-tetrofosmin (99mTc-TF) were investigated in wild type HL60/WT cell line and in its doxorubicin-resistant HL60/DOX cell line with multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), but without P-gp overexpression, to determine whether 99mTc-TF is a substrate for MRP. METHODS The accumulation and washout of 99mTc-TF were observed in both cell lines at 37 degrees C. The effect of verapamil on the kinetics was also assessed. RESULTS 99mTc-TF net accumulation was significantly lower in HL60/DOX (1.35 +/- 0.23%) than in HL60/WT (12.79 +/- 0.47%) at 60 min (P < 0.001). Three minutes after exchanging the incubation solution to the tracer-free medium, only 18.20 +/- 0.34% of 99mTc-TF remained in HL60/DOX, whereas 84.74 +/- 0.65% did in HL60/WT (P < 0.001). In the presence of 10 microM verapamil, 99mTc-TF net accumulation in HL60/DOX was 302% of the control and the washout was significantly delayed. CONCLUSION 99mTc-TF would be a substrate for MRP and 99mTc-TF may be used as a functional imaging agent of MRP in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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34
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Ballinger JR. Imaging multidrug resistance with radiolabeled substrates for P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2001; 16:1-7. [PMID: 11279792 DOI: 10.1089/108497801750095907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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35
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Muzzammil T, Moore MJ, Hedley D, Ballinger JR. Comparison of (99m)Tc-sestamibi and doxorubicin to monitor inhibition of P-glycoprotein function. Br J Cancer 2001; 84:367-73. [PMID: 11161402 PMCID: PMC2363739 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp) overexpression is a well-recognized factor in resistance to chemotherapy. Doxorubicin flow cytometry is used to monitor Pgp function in haematological specimens and biopsies from other cancers, and radionuclide imaging with sestamibi has recently shown promise for non-invasive monitoring. In the present study the two methods were directly compared in single-cell suspensions of three variants of the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF7: sensitive MCF7/WT, doxorubicin-selected MCF7/AdrR, and MDR1-gene-transfected MCF7/BC19 cells with doxorubicin resistance factors of 1, 192, and 14, respectively. Accumulation of sestamibi and mean fluorescence of doxorubicin (5.5 microM) were assessed over 60 min in the presence and absence of Pgp modulators GG918 (0.01 to 0.2 microM) and PSC833 (0.05 to 2.0 microM). Accumulation curves for sestamibi and doxorubicin differed among the cell variants under control conditions, with sestamibi showing a significantly greater difference between WT and resistant cells than doxorubicin. Both GG918 and PSC833 reversed uptake deficits to WT levels for sestamibi in MCF7/BC19 cells and doxorubicin in MCF7/BC19 and MCF7/AdrR cells, but failed to show the same effect for sestamibi in MCF7/AdrR cells (approximately 30% of MCF7/WT level). Thus, both methods clearly distinguished sensitive from resistant MCF7 variants, with the radionuclide method showing greater sensitivity.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/drug effects
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- Acridines/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cyclosporins/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxorubicin/pharmacokinetics
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Genes, MDR/genetics
- Genes, MDR/physiology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Isoquinolines/pharmacology
- Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics
- Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi/pharmacokinetics
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines
- Time Factors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/cytology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muzzammil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
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36
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Zhang L, Foxman B, Manning SD, Tallman P, Marrs CF. Molecular epidemiologic approaches to urinary tract infection gene discovery in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 2000; 68:2009-15. [PMID: 10722596 PMCID: PMC97380 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.4.2009-2015.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequently acquired bacterial infections. The vast majority of UTIs are caused by a large, genetically heterogeneous group of Escherichia coli. This genetic diversity has hampered identification of UTI-related genes. A three-step experimental strategy was used to identify genes potentially involved in E. coli UTI transmission or virulence: epidemiologic pairing of a UTI-specific strain with a fecal control, differential cloning to isolated UTI strain-specific DNA, and epidemiologic screening to identify sequences among isolated DNAs that are associated with UTI. The 37 DNA sequences initially isolated were physically located all over the tester strain genome. Only two hybridized to the total DNA of the sequenced E. coli K-12 strain; eight sequences were present significantly more frequently in UTI isolates than in fecal isolates. Three of the eight sequences matched to genes for multidrug efflux proteins, usher proteins, and pathogenicity island insertion sites, respectively. Using population characteristics to direct gene discovery and evaluation is a productive strategy applicable to any system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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37
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Wagner B, Gonzalez GI, Tran Hun Dau ME, Zhu J. Total synthesis and conformational studies of hapalosin, N-desmethylhapalosin and 8-deoxyhapalosin. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:737-47. [PMID: 10400327 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hapalosin (2), a 12-membered cyclic depsipeptide possessing MDR-reversing activity, and analogues (3) and (4) have been synthesized using macrolactamization as an important ring-forming step. Three building blocks: (2S,3R)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-methyl-decanoic acid (13), benzyl (S)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanate (14), and (4S,3R)-4-(benzyloxycarbonyl-methylamino)-3-methoxymethoxy-5-pheny l-pentanoic acid (28) were prepared from Evans's chiral imide (9), L-valine, and L-N-Boc phenylalanine (17), respectively, and were assembled together by applying twice Yamaguchi's coupling methodology. A new and efficient selective N-methylation of gamma-hydroxy-beta-amino ester taking advantage of the vicinal amino alcohol function was uncovered in the course of this study. Thus, treatment of compound 19 with HCHO in the presence of catalytic amount of pTsOH followed by reduction (NaBH3CN, TFA, CH2Cl2) of the so-formed oxazolidine 24 gave the N-methylated product 25. Furthermore, a dual role of oxazolidine as protecting group of vicinal amino alcohol and latent N-methyl function was established which allowed synthesizing both hapalosin (2) and N-desmethylhapalosin (3) from the same linear precursor 32 in a step-efficient and atom economic way. In contrast to hapalosin (2) and N-desmethyl analogue (3), the amide bond of 8-deoxy hapalosin (4) exists at room temperature (CDCl3) exclusively in s-cis conformation as evidenced by NOE studies. This observation has been explained on the basis of computational studies. No significant MDR reversing activity of 8-deoxy hapalosin (4) was observed in K562 R and S/Adriblastine against human erythroleucemic cell lines indicating thus the important contribution of hydroxy group to the bioactivity of hapalosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wagner
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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38
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Yi C, Gratzl M. Continuous in situ electrochemical monitoring of doxorubicin efflux from sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells. Biophys J 1998; 75:2255-61. [PMID: 9788921 PMCID: PMC1299900 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(98)77670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the least well understood problems in cancer chemotherapy is the cross-resistance of certain tumor cells to a series of chemically unrelated drugs. Multidrug resistance (MDR) can be attributed to several different biophysical processes, among them increased drug efflux. This has been found to correlate with overexpression of the cell surface 170-kDa P-glycoprotein that actively excludes cytotoxic drugs against their concentration gradient. To better understand MDR, experimental methods are needed to study drug efflux from cancer cells. Continuous measurement of efflux of nonfluorescent drugs on the same cell culture in situ, or assessing efflux from a few cells or even a single cell, is beyond the capabilities of existing technologies. In this work, a carbon fiber (CF) microelectrode is used to monitor efflux of doxorubicin from a monolayer of two cell lines: an auxotrophic mutant of Chinese hamster ovary cells, AUXB1, and its MDR subline, CHRC5. Because doxorubicin is both fluorescent and electroactive, the results could be validated against existing data obtained optically and with other techniques on the same cell lines, with good agreement found. The electrochemical detection, however, is capable of in situ monitoring with high temporal resolution and is suitable for single-cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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39
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Heywang C, Saint-Pierre Chazalet M, Masson CM, Bolard J. Orientation of anthracyclines in lipid monolayers and planar asymmetrical bilayers: a surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering study. Biophys J 1998; 75:2368-81. [PMID: 9788932 PMCID: PMC1299911 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(98)77681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of anthracyclines (daunorubicin and idarubicin) with monolayers of zwitterionic palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) and anionic dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid (POPC-DPPA 80-20 mol%) was studied by surface pressure measurements and compared with previous results obtained with other anthracyclines (pirarubicin and adriamycin). These anthracycline/phospholipid monolayers were next transferred by a Langmuir-Blodgett technique onto planar supports and studied by surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS), which gave information about the orientation of anthracycline in the monolayers. On the whole, the adsorption of anthracyclines in zwitterionic monolayers increases with the anthracycline hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, which underlines the role of the hydrophobic component of the interaction. On the contrary, the anthracyclines remain adsorbed on the polar headgroups of the phospholipids in the presence of DPPA and form a screen that limits a deeper penetration of other anthracycline molecules. To study by SERRS measurements the crossing of pirarubicin through a phospholipid bilayer used as a membrane model, asymmetrical POPC-DPPA/POPC or POPC/POPC-DPPA bilayers were transferred by the Langmuir-Schäfer method, thanks to a laboratory-built set-up, and put in contact with a pirarubicin aqueous solution. It has been shown that the presence of anionic DPPA in the first monolayer in contact with pirarubicin would limit its crossing. This limiting effet is not observed if the first monolayer is zwitterionic.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Heywang
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie Biomoléculaire et Cellulaire, URA CNRS 2056, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
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40
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Kawamoto S, Deguchi T, Nezesa S, Yamada S, Okano M, Kawada Y. Correlation of expression levels of P-glycoprotein with resistance to adriamycin in a renal adenocarcinoma cell line. UROLOGICAL RESEARCH 1998; 25:407-12. [PMID: 9443650 DOI: 10.1007/bf01268857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that low-level expression of P-glycoprotein (PGP), detectable by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and flow cytometric assay, is an important factor in multidrug resistance (MDR) in ACHN cancer cells. In this study, we established a subline highly resistant to adriamycin (ACHN/ADM) from ACHN cells, and determined the correlation between PGP levels and MDR levels using ACHN/ADM cells and their parent ACHN cells. The ACHN/ADM cells showed overexpression of PGP, and sensitivity to antitumor agents was lower than that found in ACHN cells. Intracellular accumulation of ADM in ACHN/ADM cells was approximately half the amount of its accumulation in ACHN cells. Sensitivity to ADM in ACHN/ADM cells was enhanced by chemosensitizers with an increase in intracellular ADM accumulation. These results indicate that PGP levels correlate with MDR levels and suggest that chemotherapy using chemosensitizers might be effective in the treatment of renal cancers with overexpression of PGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kawamoto
- Department of Urology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan
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41
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Hendrikse NH, Franssen EJ, van der Graaf WT, Meijer C, Piers DA, Vaalburg W, de Vries EG. 99mTc-sestamibi is a substrate for P-glycoprotein and the multidrug resistance-associated protein. Br J Cancer 1998; 77:353-8. [PMID: 9472628 PMCID: PMC2151293 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1998.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
99mTc-sestamibi (99mTc-MIBI) is a substrate for the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) pump but it is not known whether it is a substrate for the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) pump. Therefore, 99mTc-MIBI was evaluated in the GLC4 cell line and its doxorubicin-resistant MRP-, but not P-gp-, overexpressing GLC4/ADR sublines as well as in the S1 cell line and its MRP-transfected subline S1-MRP. 99mTc-MIBI concentration decreased in the GLC4/ADR sublines with increasing MRP overexpression and was lower in S1-MRP than in S1. 99mTc-MIBI plus vincristine increased 99mTc-MIBI concentration in GLC4 lines compared with 99mTc-MIBI alone. 99mTc-MIBI efflux raised with increasing MRP expression in the GLC4 lines. Glutathione depletion elevated 99mTc-MIBI concentration in GLC4/ADR150x. Cross resistance for 99Tc-MIBI, used to test cytotoxicity of the Tc compound, was observed in GLC4/ADR150x vs GLC4. 99Tc-MIBI induced a synergistic effect on vincristine cytotoxicity in GLC4/ADR150x. These results show that 99mTc-MIBI is involved in MRP-mediated efflux. The fact that 99mTc-MIBI efflux is influenced by MDR1 and MRP expression must be taken into account when this gamma-rays-emitting complex is tested for tumour efflux measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Hendrikse
- PET-Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands
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42
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Abstract
The median of survival among patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is about 30 months from the onset of treatment. Tumour burden and a range of other parameters, such as C-reactive protein levels, the plasma cell labelling index and beta2-microglobulin levels, can be used to assign patients to favourable and unfavourable prognostic groups. Conventional chemotherapy consists of melphalan and prednisone, and is as effective as moderately intensive cytotoxic drug regimens. Although second-line chemotherapy is initially effective, all patients eventually die. Maintenance therapy will interferon-alpha prolongs the plateau phase of the disease, but its effects on overall survival are minimal. One of the promising developments in the treatment of MM has been the introduction of high dosage chemotherapy, which can now be safely administered when stem cells are used for haematological recovery. Autologous bone marrow transplantation has been shown to produce a significant improvement in survival compared with conventional therapy. Several studies are under way that are examining the effects of multiple courses of high dosage chemotherapy together with peripheral stem cell support. Purging of autologous stem cell harvests will be performed in the near future to minimise contamination with myeloma cells. It is now feasible to use high dosage chemotherapy, with the support of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-stimulated whole blood, in selected elderly patients. Besides the promising development of intensive therapy, a number of other treatment strategies have emerged, including treatment with monoclonal antibodies against interleukin-6 and multidrug resistance-modulating agents. Better supportive care can be provided for some patients by using epoetin (recombinant human erythropoietin), and the sequelae of lytic bone lesions can be ameliorated through the use of bisphosphonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Ossenkoppele
- Department of Haematology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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43
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Bolhuis H, van Veen HW, Poolman B, Driessen AJ, Konings WN. Mechanisms of multidrug transporters. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1997; 21:55-84. [PMID: 9299702 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance, mediated by various mechanisms, plays a crucial role in the failure of the drug-based treatment of various infectious diseases. As a result, these infectious diseases re-emerge rapidly and cause many victims every year. Another serious threat is imposed by the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in eukaryotic (tumor) cells, where many different drugs fail to perform their therapeutic function. One of the causes of the occurrence of MDR in these cells is the action of transmembrane transport proteins that catalyze the active extrusion of a large number of structurally and functionally unrelated compounds out of the cell. The mode of action of these MDR transporters and their apparent lack of substrate specificity is poorly understood and has been subject to many speculations. In this review we will summarize our current knowledge about the occurrence, mechanism and molecular basis of (multi-)drug resistance especially as found in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bolhuis
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
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44
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Go Y, Chintala SK, Rayford A, Gagercas E, Ali-Osman F, Venkaiah B, Sawaya R, Gokaslan Z, Nicolson GL, Rao JS. Cisplatin but not BCNU inhibits urokinase-type plasminogen activator levels in human glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. Clin Exp Metastasis 1997; 15:447-52. [PMID: 9219734 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018462507706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas extensively invade the surrounding normal brain tissue, with a concomitant expression of various proteolytic enzymes, in particular urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). In this study we used cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin) and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), commonly used anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of glioblastomas, to study the expression of uPA in three human glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. Cells were treated with 25 microM cisplatin and 50 microM BCNU, and uPA levels were estimated by fibrin zymography during a 72-h time course. Treatment of glioblastoma cells with cisplatin resulted in significantly decreased levels of uPA in serum-free conditioned medium and cell extracts, compared to BCNU-treated and untreated cell lines. Quantitative levels of uPA enzyme activity assessed by scanning laser densitometry and uPA protein by ELISA using antibody against uPA showed decreased levels of uPA in cisplatin-treated glioma cell lines relative to BCNU and untreated cell lines. Our results suggest that anti-tumor compound, cisplatin, may exert its anti-neoplastic effects by inhibiting uPA in malignant glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Go
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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45
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Garrigos M, Mir LM, Orlowski S. Competitive and non-competitive inhibition of the multidrug-resistance-associated P-glycoprotein ATPase--further experimental evidence for a multisite model. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 244:664-73. [PMID: 9119038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein, a plasma membrane protein overexpressed in multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells, exhibits in vitro an ATPase activity and is responsible for the energy-dependent efflux of structurally unrelated cytotoxic drugs (like vinblastine) and various MDR-reversing agents (like verapamil and progesterone) from these MDR cells. To investigate the mechanism of P-glycoprotein interaction with various compounds, we measured the P-glycoprotein ATPase activity on membrane vesicles prepared from the MDR cell line DC-3F/ADX, and we studied the effects of vinblastine, verapamil and progesterone on this ATPase activity. The basal P-glycoprotein ATPase activity is increased by verapamil and progesterone, with respective half-maximal activating concentrations of approximately 1.5 microM and approximately 25 microM, and activation factors of approximately 1.7 and approximately 2.2. Vinblastine inhibits the activation of P-glycoprotein ATPase induced by verapamil or progesterone with an inhibition constant approximately 0.5 microM in both cases. This demonstrates that vinblastine has a specific modulating site on P-glycoprotein. The combined modulation of P-glycoprotein ATPase by vinblastine and verapamil reveals that these two drugs are mutually exclusive. Since these two molecules have different effects both on the basal P-glycoprotein ATPase activity and on the MgATP concentration dependence of P-glycoprotein ATPase activity, they could bind P-glycoprotein either on different and overlapping sites, or on distant but interacting sites. In contrast, the combined modulation of P-glycoprotein ATPase by vinblastine and progesterone reveals a non-competitive relationship between these two drugs, and hence shows that they can independently and simultaneously bind P-glycoprotein on distinct sites. Since verapamil and progesterone are mutual inhibitors of P-glycoprotein ATPase stimulation in a non-competitive manner, these two molecules can also bind independently P-glycoprotein on separated sites. This is confirmed here by the observation of a synergistic effect when mixtures of verapamil and progesterone are tested for the modulation of P-glycoprotein ATPase. Three MDR-related molecules, taken as models for interaction with P-glycoprotein, appear thus to bind on at least two different separated specific sites. These results favor a multisite model rather than a universal site model to describe the broad substrate specificity characterizing P-glycoprotein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garrigos
- Section de Biophysique des Protéines et des Membranes, DBCM and URA 2096 CNRS, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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46
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Hoare SF, Freeman CA, Coutts JC, Varley JM, James L, Keith WN. Identification of genetic changes associated with drug resistance by reverse in situ hybridization. Br J Cancer 1997; 75:275-82. [PMID: 9010038 PMCID: PMC2063285 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1997.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular cytogenetic techniques of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and reverse in situ hybridization (REVISH) allow the entire genomes of tumours to be screened for genetic changes without the requirement for specific probes or markers. In order to define the ability of REVISH to detect and map regions of amplification associated with drug resistance, we investigated a panel of cell lines selected for resistance to doxorubicin and intrinsic sensitivity to topoisomerase II-inhibitory drugs. We have defined a modified REVISH protocol, which involves double hybridizations with genomic DNA from the test cell lines and chromosome-specific whole chromosome paints to identify the chromosomes to which the amplicons localize. Sites of amplification are then mapped by fractional length measurements (Flpter), using published genome databases. Our findings show that amplification of the topoisomerase II alpha gene is readily detected and mapped, as is amplification of the MDR and MRP loci. Interestingly, REVISH detected a new amplicon in the doxorubicin-resistant lung cancer cell line, GLC4-ADR, which mapped to chromosome 1q. REVISH is therefore ideally suited to characterize genetic changes specific for drug resistance within a background of genetic anomalies associated with tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Hoare
- CRC Department of Medical Oncology, University of Glasgow, CRC Beatson Laboratories, Bearsden, UK
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47
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Gallois L, Fiallo M, Laigle A, Priebe W, Garnier-Suillerot A. The overall partitioning of anthracyclines into phosphatidyl-containing model membranes depends neither on the drug charge nor the presence of anionic phospholipids. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 241:879-87. [PMID: 8944778 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are potent anticancer agents. Their use is limited by the problem of multidrug resistance (MDR) associated with a decreased intracellular accumulation of drug correlated with the presence, in the membrane of resistant cells, of the P-glycoprotein responsible for an active efflux of the drug. The activity of a drug depends upon its intracellular concentration which itself depends on the kinetics (a) of passive influx (b) of passive efflux and (c) of the P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of drug across the cell membrane. The ability of an anthracycline to overcome MDR depends largely on the first point. The passive drug uptake is governed by their incorporation into the lipid matrix and both electrostatic and hydrophobic forces seem necessary for the stabilization of anthracyclines into lipid bilayers. The aim of the present study was to determine the relative importance of these two interactions. Using microspectrofluorometry and the observation that the fluorescence of anthracycline is enhanced when the dihydroanthraquinone part is embedded within the lipid bilayer, we have determined the partition coefficient (alternatively, the binding constant) of 12 anthracycline derivatives in large unilamellar vesicles. The anthracyclines were (a) doxorubicin, daunorubicin and idarubicin which, at pH 7.2, bear a single positive charge at the level of the amino group on the sugar, (b) their corresponding neutral 3'-hydroxy derivatives where the amino group in the sugar has been replaced by a hydroxyl, (c) the three 13-hydroxy derivatives, doxorubicinol, daunorubicinol and idarubicinol, (d) pirarubicin and (e) two permanently positively charged derivatives. The large unilamellar vesicles contained phosphatidylcholine with various amounts of phosphatidic acid which is negatively charged and of cholesterol. We came to the conclusion that the efficiency of drug incorporation in the bilayers depends neither on the presence of a positive charge on the drug nor on the presence of anionic phospholipid but on the hydrophobicity of the molecule: the neutral and the positively charged form have the same ability to partition into the bilayer. However, the percentage of each form present should depend on the electrostatic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gallois
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie Biomoléculaire et Cellulaire, (UA CNRS 2056) Université Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
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48
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Orlowski S, Mir LM, Belehradek J, Garrigos M. Effects of steroids and verapamil on P-glycoprotein ATPase activity: progesterone, desoxycorticosterone, corticosterone and verapamil are mutually non-exclusive modulators. Biochem J 1996; 317 ( Pt 2):515-22. [PMID: 8713080 PMCID: PMC1217517 DOI: 10.1042/bj3170515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a membranous ATPase responsible for the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Using membrane vesicles prepared from the highly resistant cell line DC-3F/ADX we studied the influence of P-gp ATPase activity of four progesterone derivatives which specifically bind to P-gp and reverse MDR. Progesterone and desoxycorticosterone stimulate P-gp ATPase activity with, respectively, apparent concentrations giving half-maximal activation of 20-25 microM and 40-50 microM, and activation factors of 2.3 (at 100 microM progesterone) and 1.8 (at 170 microM desoxycorticosterone). Hydrocortisone above 100 microM stimulates P-gp ATPase activity while corticosterone has no apparent stimulating effect. Our data are consistent with the location of the binding sites for the progesterone derivatives on the P-gp membranous domain. The effects of these steroids on verapamil-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity support a non-competitive mechanism, i.e. the binding sites for verapamil and steroids are mutually non-exclusive for P-gp ATPase modulation. A similar non-competitive inhibition of progesterone-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity by desoxycorticosterone or by corticosterone leads to the conclusion that these steroids, although sharing related structures, have distinct modulating sites on P-gp. As expected from their mutually non-exclusive interactions on P-gp, progesterone and verapamil when mixed induce a synergistic modulation of P-gp ATPase activity. Since drug transport by P-gp is believed to be coupled to its ATPase activity, a corresponding synergistic effect of these two modulators for the inhibition of P-gp-mediated drug resistance can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Orlowski
- Section de Biophysique des Protéines et des Membranes, DBCM, CEA, Gif/Yvette, France
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49
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Koike K, Abe T, Hisano T, Kubo T, Wada M, Kohno K, Kuwano M. Overexpression of multidrug resistance protein gene in human cancer cell lines selected for drug resistance to epipodophyllotoxins. Jpn J Cancer Res 1996; 87:765-72. [PMID: 8698628 PMCID: PMC5921162 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1996.tb00290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of either the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene or multidrug resistance protein (MRP) gene is involved in acquisition of multidrug-resistant phenotypes in human cancer cells. In this study we examined whether selection for resistance to the epipodophyllotoxins, etoposide/teniposide (VP16/VM26), could induce overexpression of MDR1 or MRP. We have previously isolated two VP16/VM26-resistant KB cell lines. Two VP16/VM26-resistant KB cell lines, KB/VM-1 and KB/ VM-4, which were selected by stepwise exposure to VM26 had decreased accumulation of [3H]VP16 and increased levels of MRP, but no apparent expression of MDR1 gene was observed. Another VP16/VM26-resistant KB cell line, KB/VP-4, which was further isolated from a VP16-resistant KB cell line, KB/VP-2, had decreased accumulation of [3H]VP16 and showed overexpression of MRP gene, but not that of MDR1 gene. We also isolated a VP16-resistant cell line, IN157/VP-1, from a human glioma cell line IN157. IN157/VP-1 cells showed decreased accumulation of [3H]VP16 and overexpression of MRP gene, but not of MDR1. These findings suggest that selection for resistance to VP16/VM26, preferentially induces overexpression of MRP gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koike
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University School of Medicine, Fukuoka
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50
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Kaaijk P, Troost D, de Boer OJ, Van Amstel P, Bakker PJ, Leenstra S, Bosch DA. Daunorubicin and doxorubicin but not BCNU have deleterious effects on organotypic multicellular spheroids of gliomas. Br J Cancer 1996; 74:187-93. [PMID: 8688320 PMCID: PMC2074578 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study organotypic multicellular spheroids (OMS) were used to study the effects of chemotherapeutic agents on malignant gliomas. Compared with the frequently used cell line models, OMS have several advantages with respect to the preservation of the cellular heterogeneity and the structure of the original tumour. OMS prepared from seven glioma specimens were treated with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), daunorubicin or doxorubicin. After exposure to these drugs, the histology and cell proliferation of the OMS were analysed by immunohistochemistry and image analysis. Furthermore, the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP), which both can contribute to resistance to daunorubicin and doxorubicin, were immunohistochemically investigated. We found that OMS from gliomas are sensitive for daunorubicin and doxorubicin but not for BCNU in terms of tissue destruction and decrease in cell proliferation. In addition, all gliomas were P-gp and MRP negative, which is in accordance with the sensitivity for daunorubicin and doxorubicin. Considering the potential use of several new alternative drug delivery methods, such as intratumoural implantation of drug-impregnated polymers or liposomal encapsulation of cytostatic drugs, daunorubicin and doxorubicin might be effective in the treatment of malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kaaijk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Amsterdam, Graduate school Neurosciences Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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