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Exploring and Identifying Candidate Genes and Genomic Regions Related to Economically Important Traits in Hanwoo Cattle. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6075-6092. [PMID: 36547075 PMCID: PMC9777506 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current review was to explore and summarize different studies concerning the detection and characterization of candidate genes and genomic regions associated with economically important traits in Hanwoo beef cattle. Hanwoo cattle, the indigenous premium beef cattle of Korea, were introduced for their marbled fat, tenderness, characteristic flavor, and juiciness. To date, there has been a strong emphasis on the genetic improvement of meat quality and yields, such as backfat thickness (BFT), marbling score (MS), carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), and yearling weight (YW), as major selection criteria in Hanwoo breeding programs. Hence, an understanding of the genetics controlling these traits along with precise knowledge of the biological mechanisms underlying the traits would increase the ability of the industry to improve cattle to better meet consumer demands. With the development of high-throughput genotyping, genomewide association studies (GWAS) have allowed the detection of chromosomal regions and candidate genes linked to phenotypes of interest. This is an effective and useful tool for accelerating the efficiency of animal breeding and selection. The GWAS results obtained from the literature review showed that most positional genes associated with carcass and growth traits in Hanwoo are located on chromosomes 6 and 14, among which LCORL, NCAPG, PPARGC1A, ABCG2, FAM110B, FABP4, DGAT1, PLAG1, and TOX are well known. In conclusion, this review study attempted to provide comprehensive information on the identified candidate genes associated with the studied traits and genes enriched in the functional terms and pathways that could serve as a valuable resource for future research in Hanwoo breeding programs.
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Role of IGF-1R in epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation of human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Clin Exp Nephrol 2022; 26:630-639. [PMID: 35325324 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-022-02209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is caused by epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) in the peritoneum under high glucose (HG) conditions. The study aimed to explored the role of Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) in the regulation of EMT in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). METHODS We used HG peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) to induce in vivo PF in mice, and treated HPMCs with HG in vitro to stimulate EMT. RESULTS In the mice, the higher the glucose concentration in the dialysate, the more obvious the peritoneal tissue thickening and the more that collagen was deposited. The in vitro study indicated that the expression of IGF-1R, α-SMA, vimentin was upregulated, while the expression of occludin, ZO-1, and E-cadherin was downregulated in HPMCs under HG and IGF-1R overexpression conditions. Conversely, the expression of IGF-1R, α-SMA, and vimentin was downregulated, while the expression of occludin, ZO-1, and E-cadherin was upregulated in IGF-1R-underexpressed HPMCs under HG conditions. The cell migration abilities were increased, while the cell adhesion abilities were reduced in HPMCs under HG and IGF-1R overexpression conditions. In contrast, cell migration abilities were reduced, while cell adhesion abilities were increased in IGF-1Runderexpressed HPMCs under HG conditions. CONCLUSIONS Targeting at IGF-1R may provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment of PF.
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Lee HJ, Chung YJ, Jang S, Seo DW, Lee HK, Yoon D, Lim D, Lee SH. Genome-wide identification of major genes and genomic prediction using high-density and text-mined gene-based SNP panels in Hanwoo (Korean cattle). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241848. [PMID: 33264312 PMCID: PMC7710051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It was hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) extracted from text-mined genes could be more tightly related to causal variant for each trait and that differentially weighting of this SNP panel in the GBLUP model could improve the performance of genomic prediction in cattle. Fitting two GRMs constructed by text-mined SNPs and SNPs except text-mined SNPs from 777k SNPs set (exp_777K) as different random effects showed better accuracy than fitting one GRM (Im_777K) for six traits (e.g. backfat thickness: + 0.002, eye muscle area: + 0.014, Warner–Bratzler Shear Force of semimembranosus and longissimus dorsi: + 0.024 and + 0.068, intramuscular fat content of semimembranosus and longissimus dorsi: + 0.008 and + 0.018). These results can suggest that attempts to incorporate text mining into genomic predictions seem valuable, and further study using text mining can be expected to present the significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jun Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Chung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sungbong Jang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Dong Won Seo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hak Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Duhak Yoon
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Dajeong Lim
- Animal Genome & Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
- * E-mail: (DL); (SHL)
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail: (DL); (SHL)
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Geng H, Hao L, Cheng Y, Wang C, Wei W, Yang R, Li H, Zhang Y, Liu S. miR-140 inhibits porcine fetal fibroblasts proliferation by directly targeting type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor and indirectly inhibiting type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor expression via SRY-box 4. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:1674-1682. [PMID: 32054205 PMCID: PMC7463078 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to elucidate the effect of miR-140 on the proliferation of porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) and identify the target genes of miR-140 in PFFs. Methods In this study, bioinformatics software was used to predict and verify target genes of miR-140. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to detect the relationship between miR-140 and its target genes in PFFs. Dual luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to assess the interactions among miR-140, type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R), and SRY-box 4 (SOX4). The effect of miR-140 on the proliferation of PFFs was measured by CCK-8 when PFFs were transfected with a miR-140 mimic or inhibitor. The transcription factor SOX4 binding to promoter of IGF1R was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP). Results miR-140 directly targeted IGF1R and inhibited proliferation of PFFs. Meanwhile, miR-140 targeted transcription factor SOX4 that binds to promoter of porcine IGF1R to indirectly inhibit the expression of IGF1R. In addition, miR-140 inhibitor promoted PFFs proliferation, which is abrogated by SOX4 or IGF1R knockdown. Conclusion miR-140 inhibited PFFs proliferation by directly targeting IGF1R and indirectly inhibiting IGF1R expression via SOX4, which play an important role in the development of porcine fetal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Geng
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Linlin Hao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Yunyun Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Wenzhen Wei
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Haoyang Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Songcai Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.,Five-Star Animal Health Pharmaceutical Factory of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
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Hausken J, Haave EM, Haugaa H, Løberg EM, Kongsgaard UE. A patient with solid gynecologic cancer causing lactic acidosis, severe hypercalcemia, and hypoglycemia. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:64-70. [PMID: 30656010 PMCID: PMC6332744 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Though rare in cervical cancer patients, paraneoplastic syndrome usually presents with several endocrine and hormonal symptoms. Knowledge of the pathophysiology that underlies these abnormalities is beneficial to diagnosis and treatment. An interdisciplinary approach and test analysis prior to initiating specific treatment is recommended, though prognosis appears poor in advanced cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hausken
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical CareOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Ellen M. Haave
- Department of endocrinologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Håkon Haugaa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical CareOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Lovisenberg Diaconal University CollegeOsloNorway
| | - Else M. Løberg
- Department of PathologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Medical FacultyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ulf E. Kongsgaard
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical CareOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Medical FacultyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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Camp ME, Wiley AA, Boulos MB, Rahman KM, Bartol FF, Bagnell CA. Effects of age, nursing, and oral IGF1 supplementation on neonatal porcine cervical development. Reproduction 2014; 148:441-51. [PMID: 25074922 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nursing supports neonatal porcine uterine and testicular development, however, lactocrine effects on cervical development are undefined. Studies were conducted to determine the effects of i) age and the imposition of the lactocrine-null state from birth (postnatal day 0 (PND0)) by milk replacer feeding on cervical histology; ii) imposition of the lactocrine-null state for 2 days from birth on cervical cell proliferation, as reflected by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining; and iii) a single feeding of colostrum or milk replacer, administered at birth, with or without oral IGF1, on cervical cell proliferation and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein levels at 12 h postnatal. Cervical crypt depth and height of luminal epithelium (LE) increased with age by PND14, when both responses were reduced in replacer-fed gilts. Cell proliferation was reduced in LE at PND2, and in crypt epithelium and stroma by PND14 in replacer-fed gilts. Returning replacer-fed gilts to nursing on PND2 did not rescue the cervical phenotype by PND14. A single feeding of colostrum, but not milk replacer, was sufficient to support cervical cell proliferation at 12 h postnatal. IGF1 supplementation induced cell proliferation in replacer-fed gilts, and increased cervical pAKT and BCL2 levels in colostrum-fed gilts and replacer-fed gilts at 12 h postnatal. Results indicate that age and nursing support porcine cervical development, support is initiated at first ingestion of colostrum, IGF1 may be lactocrine-active, and identification of lactocrine-active factors can be accomplished by 12 h postnatal using this bioassay system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith E Camp
- Department of Animal SciencesEndocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USADepartment of AnatomyPhysiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Anne A Wiley
- Department of Animal SciencesEndocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USADepartment of AnatomyPhysiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Monica B Boulos
- Department of Animal SciencesEndocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USADepartment of AnatomyPhysiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Kathleen M Rahman
- Department of Animal SciencesEndocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USADepartment of AnatomyPhysiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Frank F Bartol
- Department of Animal SciencesEndocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USADepartment of AnatomyPhysiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Carol A Bagnell
- Department of Animal SciencesEndocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USADepartment of AnatomyPhysiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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Khowaja A, Johnson-Rabbett B, Bantle J, Moheet A. Hypoglycemia mediated by paraneoplastic production of Insulin like growth factor-2 from a malignant renal solitary fibrous tumor - clinical case and literature review. BMC Endocr Disord 2014; 14:49. [PMID: 24934576 PMCID: PMC4067084 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-14-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoglycemic episodes are infrequent in individuals without a history of diabetes mellitus or bariatric surgery. When hypoglycemia does occur in such individuals, an uncommon but important diagnosis to consider is non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH). We report a case of NICTH associated with paraneoplastic insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) production and review current relevant medical literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 60 year old male with no relevant past medical history was referred to the endocrinology clinic with 18 month history of episodic hypoglycemic symptoms and, on one occasion was noted to have a fingerstick glucose of 36 mg/dL while having symptoms of hypoglycemia. Basic laboratory evaluation was unrevealing. Further evaluation however showed an elevated serum IGF-2 level at 2215 ng/mL (reference range 411-1248 ng/mL). Imaging demonstrated a large right suprarenal mass. A right nephrectomy with resection of the mass demonstrated a malignant solitary fibrous tumor. Post resection, the patient's IGF-2 levels normalized and hypoglycemic symptoms resolved. CONCLUSION Due to the structural and biochemical homology between IGF-2 and insulin, elevated levels of IGF-2 can result in hypoglycemia. A posttranslational precursor to IGF-2 known as "big IGF" also possesses biologic activity. Review of recent reported cases of NICTH identified widespread anatomic locations and varied pathologic diagnoses of tumors associated with paraneoplastic production of IGF-2 causing hypoglycemia. Definitive management of hypoglycemia associated with paraneoplastic production of IGF-2 consists of resection of the tumor responsible for IGF-2 production. Accumulating literature provides a firm basis for routine IGF-2 laboratory evaluation in patients presenting with spontaneous hypoglycemia with no readily apparent cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Khowaja
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brianna Johnson-Rabbett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John Bantle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Amir Moheet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Ma Q, Liu SF, Zhuang ZM, Sun ZZ, Liu CL, Su YQ, Tang QS. Molecular cloning, expression analysis of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) gene and IGF-I serum concentration in female and male Tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 160:208-14. [PMID: 21893211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates growth during all stages of development in vertebrates. To examine the mechanisms of the sexual growth dimorphism in the Tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), molecular cloning, expression analysis of IGF-I gene and IGF-I serum concentration analysis were performed. As a result, the IGF-I cDNA sequence is 911 bp, which contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 564 bp encoding a protein of 187 amino acids. The sex-specific tissue expression was analyzed by using 14 tissues from females, normal males and extra-large male adults. The IGF-I mRNA was predominantly expressed in liver, and the IGF-I expression levels in females and extra-large males were 1.9 and 10.2 times as much as those in normal males, respectively. Sex differences in IGF-I mRNA expressions at early life stages were also examined by using a full-sib family of C. semilaevis, and the IGF-I mRNA was detected at all of the 27 sampling points from 10 to 410 days old. An increase in IGF-I mRNA was detected after 190 day old fish. The significantly higher levels of IGF-I mRNA in females were observed after 190 days old in comparison with males (P<0.01). The IGF-I concentrations in serum of mature individuals were detected by ELISA. The IGF-I level in the serum of females was approximately two times as much as that of males. Consequently, IGF-I may play an important role in the endocrine regulation of the sexually dimorphic growth of C. semilaevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory for Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Caldwell LC, Chase CC, Riley DG, Coleman SW, Phillips WA, Spicer LJ, Welsh TH, Randel RD. The influence of tropical adaptation on plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I in purebred and crossbred beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:4017-22. [PMID: 21724947 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to determine whether tropical adaptation influences circulating concentrations of the growth-related hormone IGF-I, 3-breed diallel matings were conducted using temperate Bos taurus (Angus), tropical Bos indicus (Brahman), and tropical Bos taurus (Romosinuano). Purebred Angus, Braham, and Romosinuano and crossbred Angus-Braham, Angus-Romosinuano, and Braham-Romosinuano heifers and steers were evaluated in 2 separate calf crops from 2003 and 2004. Blood samples were obtained from 10 heifers of each breed group (n = 90) for each year at weaning and on d 0 and 84 of postweaning trials. Samples were also taken from 10 steers of each breed group (n = 90) at weaning and on d 0 and 60 of individual finishing phase feeding trials for each year. Concentrations of IGF-I were determined by RIA. Analyses included effects of sire breed, dam breed, year of record, the age of the dam of the calf in years, and interactions. Age of calf in days was investigated as a linear and quadratic covariate. Separate analyses were conducted for steers and heifers. The direct effect of Angus was to reduce (P < 0.03) heifer concentrations of IGF-I at d 84 and in the repeated measures analysis. In the repeated measures analysis, the direct effect of Romosinuano was to increase concentrations of IGF-I (P = 0.01). Relative to the temperate Bos taurus breed, plasma concentrations of IGF-I were numerically greater in male and female tropically adapted breed groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Caldwell
- Texas AgriLife Research, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Baguma-Nibasheka M, Kablar B. Pulmonary hypoplasia in the connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf) null mouse. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:485-93. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Inanlou MR, Kablar B. Abnormal development of the intercostal muscles and the rib cage in Myf5-/- embryos leads to pulmonary hypoplasia. Dev Dyn 2005; 232:43-54. [PMID: 15580568 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the importance of pulmonary distension and fetal breathing-like movements executed by the contractile activity of the intercostal respiratory muscles for proper lung growth and maturation. Lung development in Myf5-/- embryos, lacking the rib cage and functional intercostal musculature, was compared with wild-type controls at embryonic days 14.5, 16.5, and 18.5. Our data revealed that Myf5-/- embryos suffered from pulmonary hypoplasia in part due to the decreased number of proliferating lung cells and in part due to the increased number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) -positive cells. In addition, the proximal-to-distal expression gradient of thyroid transcription factor-1 observed in wild-type embryos was not maintained in Myf5-/- embryos. The number of lung cells expressing platelet-derived growth factor-BB, its receptor and insulin growth factor-I was significantly decreased in the hypoplastic lung. By contrast, no difference in the expression pattern of surfactant associated proteins or Clara cells marker was detected between wild-type and Myf5-/- embryos. Collectively, our data suggest that the mechanochemical signal transduction pathway used in vitro is also effective in vivo influencing lung growth but not lung cell maturation and resulting in lung hypoplasia. These data affirm the role of fetal breathing-like movements in lung organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Inanlou
- Dalhousie University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Inanlou MR, Kablar B. Contractile activity of skeletal musculature involved in breathing is essential for normal lung cell differentiation, as revealed inMyf5−/−:MyoD−/− embryos. Dev Dyn 2005; 233:772-82. [PMID: 15844178 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the role of contractile activity of respiratory muscles in fetal lung growth and cell differentiation was examined using Myf5-/-:MyoD-/- mouse embryos. As previously found, Myf5-/-:MyoD-/- mouse embryos had no respiratory musculature. Consequently, they suffered from pulmonary hypoplasia and died shortly after birth. The hypoplastic lung had decreased proliferation and increased apoptotic index as early as embryonic day 14.5. By contrast, only at the last gestational day, the number of lung cells expressing platelet derived growth factor B and insulin growth factor I was decreased, while the gradient of the thyroid transcription factor 1 was not maintained. Type II pneumocytes had a failure in glycogen utilization and surfactant storage and secretion but were able to synthesize the surfactant-associated proteins. Type I pneumocytes were readily detectable using an early differentiation marker (i.e., Gp38). However, the late differentiation of type I pneumocytes never occurred, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Together, our findings suggest that pulmonary distension due to fetal breathing-like movements plays an important role not only in lung growth but also in lung cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Inanlou
- Dalhousie University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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13
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Hanew K, Tanaka A. Effect of acute elevation of IGF-I on circulating GH, TSH, insulin, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 levels in non-endocrine short stature (NESS). J Endocrinol Invest 2001; 24:1-7. [PMID: 11227726 DOI: 10.1007/bf03343801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is not clear whether acute and slight elevation of serum IGF-I, which does not affect blood glucose levels, modulates circulating GH levels. To clarify this, small doses of recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I, 5 microg/kg, i.v.) were administered as a bolus to 10 children with non-endocrine short stature (NESS) (5 males and 5 females, 11.2+/-0.7 yr old) after an overnight fast. Physiological saline was administered intravenously to sex- and age-matched NESS controls (5 males and 5 females, 10.9+/-0.7 yr old). The changes of serum GH, TSH, PRL, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3, T4, T3 and plasma glucose levels after the administration were compared to those of the control subjects. Serum IGF-I levels increased significantly from 15 to 150 min after injection compared to those in the control group. The peak value was observed at 15 min (delta increment, 74.6+/-11.8 microg/l). At 15 min after the injection, serum insulin was suppressed significantly (p<0.05), although plasma glucose levels were not modified significantly. Serum TSH showed a significant decrease by rhIGF-I at 15 min and 60 min, whereas serum T4 and T3 levels were not modified. Serum GH was also significantly suppressed at 60 min (p<0.02) and showed a rebound increase at 120 min (p<0.05). Serum IGFBP-3 levels after rhIGF-I were higher than controls at 90 min and 150 min. No significant changes of serum PRL, IGF-II, (IGF-I plus IGF-II)/IGFBP-3 ratios were observed after the IGF-I injection compared to controls. These results indicate that circulating IGF-I is a physiological regulator of GH secretion in normal children, since the changes of IGF-I after the small doses of rhlGF-I administration were within physiological ranges and did not affect plasma glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hanew
- Hanew Endocrine Clinic, Sendai, Japan.
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Mason ED, Konrad KD, Webb CD, Marsh JL. Dorsal midline fate in Drosophila embryos requires twisted gastrulation, a gene encoding a secreted protein related to human connective tissue growth factor. Genes Dev 1994; 8:1489-501. [PMID: 7958834 DOI: 10.1101/gad.8.13.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The twisted gastrulation (tsg) gene is one of seven known zygotic genes that specify the fate of dorsal cells in Drosophila embryos. Mutations in these genes cause at least some of the cells on the dorsal half of the embryo to adopt more ventral cell fates leading to the proposal that most of these genes participate in establishing, maintaining, or modulating a gradient of a single signaling molecule DECAPENTAPLEGIC (DPP). We have examined the effects of tsg mutations on the development of cuticule elements, expression of a region specific enhancer trap, and patterns of mitotic domains. Mutations of tsg only affect the fate of a narrow strip of dorsal midline cells and do not affect dorsal ectoderm cells. However, the pattern of tsg expression is not coincident with the territories affected by tsg mutations. Structural analysis of the tsg gene reveals features of a secreted protein suggesting an extracellular site of action. The TSG protein bears a weak resemblance to human connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a TGF-beta-induced protein. We propose that dorsal midline cell fate is specified by the combination of both a TSG and a DPP signal to which the dorsal midline cells are uniquely competent to respond.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Mason
- Developmental Biology Center, University of California, Irvine 92717
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15
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Baxter RC. Glycosaminoglycans inhibit formation of the 140 kDa insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex. Biochem J 1990; 271:773-7. [PMID: 1700901 PMCID: PMC1149630 DOI: 10.1042/bj2710773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The 140 kDa insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein complex in human serum consists of three subunits: an acid-labile, non-IGF-binding glycoprotein (alpha-subunit), an IGF-binding glycoprotein known as BP-53 or IGFBP-3 (beta-subunit), and IGF-I or IGF-II (gamma-subunit). This study investigates the regulation, by salt and glycosaminoglycans, of ternary (alpha-beta-gamma) complex formation, measured by incubating radioiodinated alpha-subunit with a mixture of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and precipitating bound radioactivity with an anti-IGFBP-3 antiserum. Increasing NaCl concentrations progressively decreased ternary complex formation without any effect on binary (beta-gamma) complex formation. In 0.15 M-NaCl, the association constant for the ternary complex was 0.318 +/- 0.092 nM-1, 100-fold lower than that for the binary complex. Glycosaminoglycans also inhibited ternary complex formation without affecting the binary complex. Heparin [50% inhibition at 0.27 +/- 0.08 units/ml (1.5 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml)] was more potent than heparan sulphate (50% inhibition at 15 +/- 7 micrograms/ml), with chondroitin sulphate even less potent. The inhibition by heparin was due principally to a decrease in binding affinity, from 0.604 +/- 0.125 to 0.151 +/- 0.024 nM-1 in the presence of 0.25 units of heparin/ml, with a slight decrease in the number of apparent binding sites from 1.05 +/- 0.08 to 0.85 +/- 0.15 mol of alpha-subunit bound/mol of beta-subunit. Since the ternary IGF-binding protein complex cannot cross the capillary barrier, it is proposed that a decrease in the affinity of the complex, mediated by circulating or cell-associated glycosaminoglycans, may be important in the passage of IGFs and IGFBP-3 to the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Baxter
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, N.S.W., Australia
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Humbel
- Biochemisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Switzerland
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17
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Mohan S, Bautista CM, Wergedal J, Baylink DJ. Isolation of an inhibitory insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein from bone cell-conditioned medium: a potential local regulator of IGF action. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:8338-42. [PMID: 2479022 PMCID: PMC298276 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.21.8338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory insulin-like growth factor binding protein (In-IGF-BP) has been purified to homogeneity from medium conditioned by TE89 human osteosarcoma cells by two different methods using Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, FPLC Mono Q ion-exchange, HPLC C4 reverse-phase, HPLC CN reverse-phase, and affinity chromatographies. In-IGF-BP thus purified appeared to be homogeneous and unique by the following criteria. (i) N-terminal sequence analysis yielded a unique sequence (Asp-Glu-Ala-Ile-His-Cys-Pro-Pro-Glu-Ser-Glu-Ala-Lys-Leu-Ala). (ii) Amino acid composition of In-IGF-BP revealed marked differences with the amino acid compositions of other known BPs. (iii) In-IGF-BP exhibited a single band with a molecular mass of 25 kDa under reducing conditions on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. IGF-I and IGF-II but not insulin displaced the binding of 125I-labeled IGF-I or 125I-labeled IGF-II binding to In-IGF-BP. In-IGF-BP inhibited basal, IGF-stimulated bone cell proliferation and serum-stimulated bone cell proliferation. Forskolin increased synthesis of In-IGF-BP in TE85 human osteosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these findings, we conclude that In-IGF-BP is a protein that has a unique sequence and significant biological actions on bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohan
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA
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18
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Baxter RC, Martin JL. Structure of the Mr 140,000 growth hormone-dependent insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex: determination by reconstitution and affinity-labeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:6898-902. [PMID: 2476804 PMCID: PMC297957 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.18.6898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the structure of the high molecular weight, growth hormone-dependent complex between the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and their binding proteins in human serum, we have reconstituted the complex from its purified component proteins and analyzed it by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography after covalent cross-linking. The proteins tested in reconstitution mixtures were an acid-labile Mr 84,000-86,000 glycoprotein doublet (alpha subunit), an acid-stable Mr 47,000-53,000 glycoprotein doublet with IGF-binding activity (BP-53 or beta subunit), and IGF-I or IGF-II (gamma subunit). In incubations containing any one of the three subunits 125I-labeled and the other two unlabeled, identical 125I-labeled alpha-beta-gamma complexes of Mr 140,000 were formed. Minor bands of Mr 120,000 and 90,000 were also seen, thought to represent a partially deglycosylated form of the alpha-beta-gamma complex, and an alpha-gamma complex arising as a cross-linking artifact. When serum samples from subjects of various growth hormone status were affinity-labeled with IGF-II tracer, a growth hormone-dependent Mr 140,000 band was seen, corresponding to the reconstituted alpha-beta-gamma complex. Other growth hormone-dependent labeled bands, of Mr 90,000 (corresponding to alpha-gamma), Mr 55,000-60,000 (corresponding to labeled beta-subunit doublet), and smaller bands of Mr 38,000, 28,000, and 23,000-25,000 (corresponding to labeled beta-subunit degradation products), were also seen in the affinity-labeled serum samples and in the complex reconstituted from pure proteins. All were immunoprecipitable with an anti-BP-53 antiserum. We conclude that the growth hormone-dependent Mr 140,000 IGF-binding protein complex in human serum has three components: the alpha (acid-labile) subunit, the beta (binding) subunit, and the gamma (growth factor) subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Baxter
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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