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Monroig Ó, Shu-Chien A, Kabeya N, Tocher D, Castro L. Desaturases and elongases involved in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in aquatic animals: From genes to functions. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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2
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Pilecky M, Kämmer SK, Mathieu‐Resuge M, Wassenaar LI, Taipale SJ, Martin‐Creuzburg D, Kainz MJ. Hydrogen isotopes (δ
2
H) of polyunsaturated fatty acids track bioconversion by zooplankton. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pilecky
- WasserCluster Lunz—Biologische Station Lunz am See Austria
- Department for Biomedical Research Danube University Krems Krems Austria
| | | | | | | | - Sami J. Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Survontie Finland
| | | | - Martin J. Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz—Biologische Station Lunz am See Austria
- Department for Biomedical Research Danube University Krems Krems Austria
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3
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Gui Y, Wang Q, Zou J, Chen X, Song C, Chen J. From pond to table: Differences in breeding and consumption affect the balance between dietary risk of residual cadmium and uptake benefits of nutrients in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Food Chem 2021; 373:131339. [PMID: 34710700 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We used a risk-benefit model to evaluate the effects of different farming methods and consumption habits on dietary risk of Chinese mitten crab. In this study, we found that cadmium levels in the total edible parts and brown meat were 0.029-0.462 mg/kg and 0.017-1.694 mg/kg, respectively. Cadmium exposure experiment showed that brown meat was the main enrichment site of cadmium. Fatty acid test found that the EPA + DHA content in total edible parts fed with formulated feed and iced trash fish was 19.64 ± 3.62 mg/g and 28.72 ± 2.30 mg/g (p > 0.05), respectively, and that in brown meat was 27.66 ± 5.16 mg/g and 40.15 ± 3.50 mg/g (p > 0.05), respectively. According to the risk-benefit model analysis, the dietary risk of brown meat under the two breeding methods is relatively high, but the risk quotient is less than 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gui
- Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, PR China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products, on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products, on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zou
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products, on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, PR China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Chao Song
- Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, PR China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products, on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Jiazhang Chen
- Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, PR China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products, on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, PR China.
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Pilecky M, Závorka L, Arts MT, Kainz MJ. Omega-3 PUFA profoundly affect neural, physiological, and behavioural competences - implications for systemic changes in trophic interactions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2127-2145. [PMID: 34018324 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, much conceptual thinking in trophic ecology has been guided by theories of nutrient limitation and the flow of elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, within and among ecosystems. More recently, ecologists have also turned their attention to examining the value of specific dietary nutrients, in particular polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), among which the omega-3 PUFA, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play a central role as essential components of neuronal cell membranes in many organisms. This review focuses on a new neuro-ecological approach stemming from the biochemical (mechanistic) and physiological (functional) role of DHA in neuronal cell membranes, in particular in conjunction with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). We link the co-evolution of these neurological functions to metabolic dependency on dietary omega-3 PUFA. We outline ways in which deficiencies in dietary DHA supply may affect, cognition, vision, and behaviour, and ultimately, the biological fitness of consumers. We then review emerging evidence that changes in access to dietary omega-3 PUFA may ultimately have profound impacts on trophic interactions leading to potential changes in community structure and ecosystem functioning that, in turn, may affect the supply of DHA within and across ecosystems, including the supply for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pilecky
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, Lunz am See, 3293, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Research, Donau-Universität Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems, 3500, Austria
| | - Libor Závorka
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, Lunz am See, 3293, Austria
| | - Michael T Arts
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, Lunz am See, 3293, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Research, Donau-Universität Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems, 3500, Austria
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5
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Sardenne F, Bodin N, Latour JCT, McKindsey CW. Influence of lipid separation on the trophic interpretation of fatty acids. FOOD WEBS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2020.e00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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6
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Ting SY, Janaranjani M, Merosha P, Sam KK, Wong SC, Goh PT, Mah MQ, Kuah MK, Chong Shu-Chien A. Two Elongases, Elovl4 and Elovl6, Fulfill the Elongation Routes of the LC-PUFA Biosynthesis Pathway in the Orange Mud Crab ( Scylla olivacea). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4116-4130. [PMID: 32186869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While the capacity for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis has been elucidated in vertebrates and several invertebrate phyla, the comparative knowledge in crustaceans remains vague. A key obstacle in mapping the full spectrum of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in crustacean is the limited evidence of the functional activities of enzymes involved in desaturation or elongation of polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates. In this present study, we report on the cloning and functional characterization of two Elovl elongases from the orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis suggest these two Elovl as putative Elovl4 and Elovl6, respectively. Using the recombinant expression system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we demonstrate the elongation capacity for C18-C22 PUFA substrates in the S. olivacea Elovl4. The S. olivacea Elovl6 elongated saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and interestingly, C18-C20 PUFA. Taken together, both Elovl fulfill the elongation steps required for conversion of C18 PUFA to their respective LC-PUFA products. Elovl4 is expressed mainly in the hepatopancreas and gill tissues, while Elovl6 is predominant in digestive tissues. The mRNA expression of both enzymes was higher in mud crabs fed with vegetable oil-based diets. Tissue fatty acid composition also showed the existence of LC-PUFA biosynthesis intermediate products in tissues expressing these two elongases. In summary, we report here two novel Elovl with PUFA elongating activities in a marine brachyuran. This will contribute significantly to the understanding of the LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway in crustaceans and advance the development of aquafeed for intensive farming of the mud crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng Yeat Ting
- Center for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Blok B No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - M Janaranjani
- Center for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Blok B No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - P Merosha
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ka-Kei Sam
- Center for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Blok B No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Swe Cheng Wong
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Pei-Tian Goh
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Min-Qian Mah
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Meng-Kiat Kuah
- Center for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Blok B No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- Center for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Blok B No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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7
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de Almeida Duarte LF, de Souza CA, Pereira CDS, Pinheiro MAA. Metal toxicity assessment by sentinel species of mangroves: In situ case study integrating chemical and biomarkers analyses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:367-376. [PMID: 28759766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, there is a lack of knowledge about tropical ecotoxicology dealing with the potential impact of metal contamination in mangrove ecosystem. This habitat is considered a nursery for several animal species, among them the "uçá"-crab (Ucides cordatus), known as a key species due to its biological and economical importance. This study evaluated the association involving metal contamination (Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Mn and Hg) in water, sediment, red-mangrove vegetation (Rhizophora mangle) and tissues of uçá crab, together with its geno-cytotoxic responses, based on micronucleated hemocytes frequency and the retention time of neutral red in lysosomes. We assessed six mangrove areas with distinct pollution levels in São Paulo State, Brazil, where the water and sediment contamination by metals were associated with accumulation of these pollutants in biotic compartments (mangrove leaves and crab). In U. cordatus, metal accumulation was best explained by metal concentration found in leaves of R. mangle than in the water or sediment, indicating that feeding drives metal exposure in this organism. Mercury (Hg) concentration in sediment, copper (Cu) concentration in hepatopancreas of U. cordatus and lead (Pb) in water and green leaves of R. mangle showed a significant correlation with genotoxic impact in U. cordatus. However, copper concentration (in green/senescent leaves and hepatopancreas) and lead (in sediment), were the major metals affecting lysosomal membrane integrity. Therefore, representatives of all compartments were associated with cyto and genotoxicity in this species, thus requiring a holistic approach to issues related to sublethal damage. Probability estimates of cytogenetic impacts related to metal concentration in abiotic compartments (significantly correlated with known biomarkers: Hg in sediment; and Pb in water and sediment) are also presented. Our results highlight the need for environmental restoration of mangroves areas contaminated with metals, responsible for cytogenetic injuries and revealing a pre-pathological condition in this sentinel species, in addition to ecological disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe de Almeida Duarte
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP), Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos / Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Araújo de Souza
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP), Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos / Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
- UNIFESP - Univ Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Campus Baixada Santista, Avenida Almirante Saldanha da Gama 89, Ponta da Praia, 11030400 Santos, SP, Brazil; UNISANTA, Universidade Santa Cecília, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Rua Oswado Cruz 266, 11045-900 Santos, SP, Brazil..
| | - Marcelo Antonio Amaro Pinheiro
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP), Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos / Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Harlıoğlu AG, Yılmaz Ö, Sarıgül H. Determination of fatty acid profiles, cholesterol and D, E, K vitamin’s content in Astacus leptodactylus caught from wild prior to reproduction period. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2016.1272498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ökkeş Yılmaz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Halise Sarıgül
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
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Rotllant G, Wade NM, Arnold SJ, Coman GJ, Preston NP, Glencross BD. Identification of genes involved in reproduction and lipid pathway metabolism in wild and domesticated shrimps. Mar Genomics 2015; 22:55-61. [PMID: 25890100 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to identify genes involved in reproduction and lipid pathway metabolism in Penaeus monodon and correlate their expression with reproductive performance. Samples of the hepatopancreas and ovaries were obtained from a previous study of the reproductive performance of wild and domesticated P. monodon broodstock. Total mRNA from the domesticated broodstock was used to create two next generation sequencing cDNA libraries enabling the identification of 11 orthologs of key genes in reproductive and nutritional metabolic pathways in P. monodon. These were identified from the library of de novo assembled contigs, including the description of 6 newly identified genes. Quantitative RT-PCR of these genes in the hepatopancreas prior to spawning showed that the domesticated mature females significantly showed higher expression of the Pm Elovl4, Pm COX and Pm SUMO genes. The ovaries of domesticated females had a significantly decreased expression of the Pm Elovl4 genes. In the ovaries of newly spawned females, a significant correlation was observed between hepatosomatic index and the expression of Pm FABP and also between total lipid content and the expression of Pm CYP4. Although not significant, the highest levels of correlation were found between relative fecundity and Pm CRP and Pm CYP4 expression, and between hatching rate and Pm Nvd and Pm RXR expression. This study reports the discovery of genes involved in lipid synthesis, steroid biosynthesis and reproduction in P. monodon. These results indicate that genes encoding enzymes involved in lipid metabolism pathways might be potential biomarkers to assess reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiomar Rotllant
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nicholas M Wade
- CSIRO, Agricultural Productivity Flagship, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, 4001, Australia
| | - Stuart J Arnold
- CSIRO, Agricultural Productivity Flagship, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, 4001, Australia
| | - Gregory J Coman
- CSIRO, Agricultural Productivity Flagship, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, 4001, Australia
| | - Nigel P Preston
- CSIRO, Agricultural Productivity Flagship, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, 4001, Australia
| | - Brett D Glencross
- CSIRO, Agricultural Productivity Flagship, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, 4001, Australia
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Mika A, Skorkowski E, Stepnowski P. Effect of seasonal and experimental temperature on de novo synthesis of fatty acids in C. crangon. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1529-36. [PMID: 25209500 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.925778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The intensity of in vivo lipogensis was measured and in this purpose, the radioactivity of incorporation of tritium into fatty acids (FAs) in tissues of C. crangon was determined. De novo synthesis of FAs was five times higher in hepatopancreas than in muscle in summer period but not much higher in autumn. The higher FAs synthesis was recorded at 25 °C, both for hepatopancreas and muscle, and the summer was higher than the autumn in the hepatopancreas and in the muscles of the opposite situation was observed. The higher amounts of SFAs in hepatopancreas from autumn, when in experimental conditions the ambient temperature C. crangon changed from 6 °C to the experimental higher temperature. When content of PUFAn-3 declined dramatically (Autumn 1 h, 25 °C). In contrast, at a lower temperature, the amount of polyunsaturated FAs is much higher than at 25 °C (Autumn 1 h 6 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- a Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular Evolution , University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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11
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Hosseini M, Nabavi SMB, Parsa Y, Ardashir RA. Mercury accumulation in selected tissues of shrimp Penaeus merguiensis from Musa estuary, Persian Gulf: variations related to sex, size, and season. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:5439-5446. [PMID: 24838762 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The levels of mercury in tissues of Penaeus merguiensis from Musa estuary, northwest of the Persian Gulf, were investigated. This study assessed the relationship between mercury levels in hepatopancrea, gill, and muscle with sex, size, and season. The order of mercury concentrations in tissues of the shrimp P. merguiensis was as follows: hepatopancreas > gill > muscle. There was a positive correlation between mercury concentrations in shrimp species with sex and size of its food items. We expected to see higher mercury levels in tissues of female species because they are larger and can eat larger food items. Also, there was a positive correlation between mercury concentrations in shrimp species with its food source. Therefore, female species feed more on shrimp and plant and are contaminated with high levels of mercury. There was significant difference (p < 0.05) in mercury levels between different seasons; higher mercury levels were found in July (summer season).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hosseini
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran,
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Pinheiro MAA, Silva PPGE, Duarte LFDA, Almeida AA, Zanotto FP. Accumulation of six metals in the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Crustacea: Ucididae) and its food source, the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle (Angiosperma: Rhizophoraceae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 81:114-121. [PMID: 22621724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The crab Ucides cordatus and the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle are endemic mangrove species and potential bio-accumulators of metals. This study quantified the accumulation of six metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn and Pb) in different organs (claw muscle, hepatopancreas and gills) of U. cordatus, as well as in different maturation stages of the leaves (buds, green mature, and pre-abscission senescent) of R. mangle. Samples were collected from mangrove areas in Cubatão, state of São Paulo, a heavily polluted region in Brazil. Data for metal contents in leaves were evaluated by one-way ANOVA; while for crabs a factorial ANOVA was used to investigate the effect of different tissues, animal size and the interactions between them. Means were compared by Tukey test at five percent, and the association between the metal concentrations in each crab organ, depending on the size, was evaluated by Pearson's linear correlation coefficient (r). Concentrations of Pb and Hg were undetectable for the different leaf stages and crab tissues, while Cd concentrations were undetectable in the leaf stages. In general, the highest accumulation of metals in R. mangle leaves occurred in pre-abscission senescent and green mature leaves, except for Cu, which was found in the highest concentrations in buds and green mature leaves. For the crab, Cd, Cu, Cr and Mn were present in concentrations above the detection limit, with the highest accumulation in the hepatopancreas, followed by the gills. Cu was accumulated mostly in the gills. Patterns of bioaccumulation between the crab and the mangrove tree differed for each metal, probably due to the specific requirements of each organism for essential metals. However, there was a close and direct relationship between metal accumulation in the mangrove trees and in the crabs feeding on them. Tissues of R. mangle leaves and U. cordatus proved effective for monitoring metals, acting as important bioindicators of mangrove areas contaminated by various metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Antonio Amaro Pinheiro
- UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista-CLP, Crustacean Biology Laboratory, Research Group in Crustacean Biology-CRUSTA, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n., Parque Bitaru, CEP 11330-900 São Vicente-SP, Brazil.
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Tavares-Sánchez OL, Gómez-Anduro GA, Felipe-Ortega X, Islas-Osuna MA, Sotelo-Mundo RR, Barillas-Mury C, Yepiz-Plascencia G. Catalase from the white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei: molecular cloning and protein detection. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 138:331-7. [PMID: 15325332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2004] [Revised: 03/28/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme that plays a very important role in the protection against oxidative damage by breaking down hydrogen peroxide. It is a very highly conserved enzyme that has been identified from numerous species including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals, but the information about catalase in crustaceans is very limited. A cDNA containing the complete coding sequence for catalase from the shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei was sequenced and the mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in selected tissues. Catalase was detected in hepatopancreas crude extracts by Western blot analysis with anti-human catalase polyclonal antibodies. The nucleotide sequence is 1692 bp long, including a 72-bp 5'-UTR, a coding sequence of 1515 bp and a 104-bp 3'-UTR. The deduced amino acid sequence corresponds to 505 amino acids with high identity to invertebrate, vertebrate and even bacterial catalases and contains the catalytic residues His71, Asn144, and Tyr354. The predicted protein has a calculated molecular mass of 57 kDa; which coincides with the size of the subunit (approximately 55 kDa) and the tetrameric protein (approximately 230 kDa) detected in hepatopancreas extracts under native conditions. Catalase mRNA level was higher in hepatopancreas, followed by gills and was not detected in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L Tavares-Sánchez
- Aquatic Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, P.O. Box 1735, Hermosillo, Son 83000, Mexico
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Ravid T, Tietz A, Khayat M, Boehm E, Michelis R, Lubzens E. Lipid accumulation in the ovaries of a marine shrimp penaeus semisulcatus (de haan). J Exp Biol 1999; 202 (Pt 13):1819-29. [PMID: 10359684 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.202.13.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
By the end of oocyte development, the ovaries of Penaeus semisulcatus have accumulated almost equal amounts (approximately 16 mg lipid g-1 protein) of phospholipids and triacylglycerols. The phospholipids consist mainly of phosphatidylcholine (75–80 %) and phosphatidylethanolamine (20–25 %). Approximately 30 % of the total fatty acid content of both phospholipids and triacylglycerols is made up of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In fractions obtained by centrifugation of ovarian homogenates, most of the increase in levels of ovarian lipids during ovarian maturation was associated with an increase in triacylglycerol levels in the floating fat fraction and of phospholipids in the infranatant fraction. The presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the ovaries indicates the occurrence of lipid transport to the ovary during oocyte maturation. The gradual decrease in the relative abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids as the ovaries matured supports previously published results suggesting intra-ovarian synthesis of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids. Most of the lipids found in the female haemolymph (64.8 %) were recovered in the high-density lipoprotein fraction after density ultracentrifugation. The haemocyanin fraction recovered from this stage of fractionation contained substantial amounts of lipid (16.8 %) that could be removed by further sequential centrifugation at a higher NaBr density, leaving less than 0.9 % of the total haemolymph lipids associated with this fraction. While 16.2 % of the lipids were recovered from the very high-density lipoprotein fractions, these lipoproteins carried only 64–89 microg lipid mg-1 protein compared with 538.9 microg lipid mg-1 protein in the high-density lipoprotein fraction, indicating that the high-density lipoproteins are more likely to be the main transporters of lipids to the ovary. However, the contribution of very high-density lipoproteins to lipid transport cannot be ruled out at this stage. In this study, we present two models for lipid transport to the ovary based on the abundance of phospholipids and triacylglycerols in the haemolymph and on the amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids accumulated within the ovary during vitellogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ravid
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO Box 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel and Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. esther@oce
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