1
|
de Paula MFFV, Marques RS, Pires AV, Soares LCB, Limede AC, Ferreira EM, Polizel DM. Effect of forage quality and narasin inclusion on ruminal fermentation, nutrient intake, and total tract digestibility of Nellore steers. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae107. [PMID: 39100920 PMCID: PMC11296766 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of forage quality and narasin inclusion on intake, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation of Nellore steers. Twenty-eight rumen-cannulated Nellore steers (initial body weight [BW] = 350 ± 32.4 kg) were allocated to individual pens in a randomized complete block design, with 7 blocks, defined according to the fasting BW at the beginning of the experiment. The steers were randomly assigned within blocks to 1 of 4 experimental diets in 2 × 2 factorial arrangements, being the first-factor forage quality (MEDIUM = 81 g of CP/kg of dry matter [DM], and HIGH = 153 g of CP/kg of DM), and the second factor was the inclusion (N13 = diet plus 13 mg/kg of DM of narasin) or not (N0) of narasin (Zimprova; Elanco Animal Health, São Paulo, Brazil). The experiment consisted of a 28-d period with 22 d for adaptation and the last 6 d for data collection. No haylage quality × narasin interaction (P ≥ 0.68) was observed on DM and nutrient intake. Haylage quality affected (P ≤ 0.01) DM intake, with greater values observed for steers fed HIGH compared with MEDIUM haylage. There was an increase (P < 0.001) in OM, NDF, hemicellulose, and CP intake for steers consuming HIGH vs. MEDIUM haylage. Including N13 did not affect (P > 0.39) DM and nutrient intake of steers. No haylage quality × narasin interactions were detected (P ≥ 0.60) for total tract nutrient digestibility. However, steers fed with HIGH haylage showed an increase (P > 0.001) in DM and digestibility of all nutrients compared with MEDIUM. Steers fed a MEDIUM haylage had a greater (P < 0.01) proportion of acetate compared with steers fed HIGH during all evaluated hours. Steers fed HIGH haylage had a greater (P < 0.01) proportion of propionate at 0 h compared with steers consuming MEDIUM, whereas at 12 h, steers consuming MEDIUM hay had a greater (P < 0.01) proportion of propionate vs. HIGH haylage. A haylage quality × narasin and haylage quality × time of collection interactions were detected (P ≤ 0.03) for rumen ammonia concentration, which was reduced (P < 0.03) in N13 vs. N0 steers consuming HIGH haylage. Collectively, high-quality haylage allows increased consumption and digestibility, with more energy-efficient ruminal fermentation. In addition, narasin might be an important nutritional tool in forage-based diets to enhance the ruminal fermentation parameters of Bos indicus Nellore steers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo S Marques
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Alexandre Vaz Pires
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-000, Brazil
| | | | - Arnaldo Cintra Limede
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Evandro Maia Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz,” University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Montanher Polizel
- Department of Biology and Animal Science, São Paulo State University “Julio de Mesquita Filho,” Ilha Solteira, SP, 15385-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Limede AC, Marques RS, Polizel DM, Cappellozza BI, Miszura AA, Barroso JPR, Storti Martins A, Sardinha LA, Baggio M, Pires AV. Effects of supplementation with narasin, salinomycin, or flavomycin on performance and ruminal fermentation characteristics of Bos indicus Nellore cattle fed with forage-based diets. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6231516. [PMID: 33861855 PMCID: PMC8051843 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inclusion of narasin, salinomycin, or flavomycin for 140 d on ruminal fermentation parameters, apparent nutrient digestibility, and performance of Nellore cattle offered a forage-based diet. In experiment 1, 32 rumen-cannulated Bos indicus Nellore steers [initial body weight (BW) = 220 ± 12.6 kg] were assigned to individual pens in a randomized complete block design according to their initial shrunk BW. Within block, animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) forage-based diet without feed additives (CON; n = 8), (2) CON diet plus 13 ppm of narasin (NAR; n = 8), (3) CON diet plus 20 ppm of salinomycin (SAL; n = 8), or (4) CON diet plus 3 ppm of flavomycin (FLA; n = 8). The experimental period lasted 140 d and was divided into 5 periods of 28 d each. The inclusion of feed additives did not impact (P ≥ 0.17) dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient intake, and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients. Nonetheless, steers fed NAR had lower (P < 0.01) molar proportion of acetate compared with CON, SAL, and FLA steers, whereas ruminal acetate tended to be greater (P < 0.09) for SAL vs. CON and FLA, but did not differ (P = 0.68) between CON vs. FLA steers. Ruminal propionate was the highest (P < 0.01) for steers fed NAR and did not differ (P > 0.20) between CON, SAL, and FLA. Consequently, NAR steers had the lowest (P < 0.01) Ac:Pr ratio, whereas Ac:Pr did not differ (P > 0.18) among CON, SAL, and FLA. Total volatile fatty acids were greater (P < 0.04) for NAR and CON vs. SAL and FLA, but did not differ (P > 0.67) among NAR vs. CON and SAL vs. FLA. In experiment 2, 164 Nellore bulls (initial shrunk BW = 299 ± 2.5 kg) were assigned to feedlot pens for 140 d in a randomized complete block design. Within block (n = 10), animals were randomly assigned to the same treatments used in experiment 1. Average daily gain was greater (P < 0.01) in NAR vs. CON, SAL, and FLA bulls, and did not differ (P > 0.12) between CON, SAL, and FLA bulls. Bulls fed NAR had greater (P < 0.02) DMI (as kg/d or % BW) and final shrunk BW compared with CON, SAL, and FLA bulls, whereas DMI and final shrunk BW did not differ (P > 0.26) between CON, SAL, and FLA bulls. Feed efficiency, however, was not impacted (P = 0.51) by any feed additives used herein. Collectively, narasin was the only feed additive that benefited performance and ruminal fermentation of Nellore animals fed a forage-based diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Cintra Limede
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Marques
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Daniel Montanher Polizel
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Arantes Miszura
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Roman Barroso
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil
| | - André Storti Martins
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Lairana Aline Sardinha
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Baggio
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vaz Pires
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matloup O, Abd El Tawab A, Hassan A, Hadhoud F, Khattab M, Khalel M, Sallam S, Kholif A. Performance of lactating Friesian cows fed a diet supplemented with coriander oil: Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood chemistry, and milk production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
4
|
Partida J, Olleta J, Sañudo C, Albertí P, Campo M. Fatty acid composition and sensory traits of beef fed palm oil supplements. Meat Sci 2007; 76:444-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
5
|
Mutsvangwa T, Kramer JKG, Blackadar CB, Duffield TF, Bagg R, Dick P, Vessie G, McBride BW. Short Communication: Effects of a Monensin Premix on Milk Fatty Acid Content During Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci 2003; 86:4043-6. [PMID: 14740842 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(03)74015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a monensin premix on milk fatty acid content during grain-induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in Holstein cows receiving a total mixed ration was investigated. Six multiparous, rumen-fistulated Holstein cows were used in a two-treatment, two-period crossover design with 6-wk periods. Experimental treatments were either a monensin premix or a placebo premix. At the beginning of wk 4, SARA was induced in experimental cows for a 10-d period using a grain challenge model. The administration of a monensin premix elevated milk fat proportion of total short-chain saturated fatty acids (sum of C4 to C15). Milk fat proportions of conjugated linoleic acid isomers were unaffected. Linolenic acid (C18:3n3) proportion in milk fat of monensin-treated cows were lower when compared with placebo-treated cows during the SARA period. Results from this study indicate that dietary supplementation with monensin during SARA had little effect on milk fatty acid content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Mutsvangwa
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hristov A, Ivan M, Neill L, McAllister T. Evaluation of several potential bioactive agents for reducing protozoal activity in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(03)00060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
Beef and dairy products suffer from a negative health image, related to the nature of their lipid fraction. Rumen lipid metabolism involves the presence of saturated lipids in ruminant tissues. Lipolysis, fatty acid biohydrogenation and formation of microbial fatty acids in the rumen and their effects on rumen outflow of fatty acids are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the formation of trans-fatty acids and the possibilities of decreasing biohydrogenation. Small differences in intestinal digestibilities of fatty acids are mentioned, followed by a discussion on transfer of absorbed fatty acids into milk and adipose tissue lipids. The preferential retention of polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as the balance between synthesis and incorporation of fatty acids in tissues is described. Dietary means for the modification of milk fat are listed, with special emphasis on the possibilities for enrichment in polyunsaturated fatty acids and the presence of conjugated linoleic acids. A description of the nature and development of fat depots in beef cattle is followed by a discussion of breed, conformation and feed effects on adipose tissue distribution and fatty acid composition. Special emphasis is given to the very lean Belgian Blue double-muscled breed. The review ends with a consideration of the limits to the modification of ruminant fats, involving considerations of consumer acceptance as well as animal welfare and environmental effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Demeyer
- Department of Animal Production, University of Gent, Melle, Belgium.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fellner V, Sauer FD, Kramer JK. Effect of nigericin, monensin, and tetronasin on biohydrogenation in continuous flow-through ruminal fermenters. J Dairy Sci 1997; 80:921-8. [PMID: 9178132 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Four ionophores differing in cation selectivity were compared for their effect on microbial fermentation and biohydrogenation by ruminal bacteria in continuous culture. Monensin and nigericin are monovalent antiporters with selective binding affinities for Na+ and K+, respectively. Tetronasin is a divalent antiporter that binds preferentially with Ca2+ or Mg2+. Valinomycin is a monovalent uniporter and does not exchange K+ for H+. Steady-state concentrations of 2 micrograms/ml of monensin, nigericin, tetronasin, or valinomycin were maintained by constant infusion into fermenters. Molar percentages of acetate were lower, and those of propionate were higher, in the presence of monensin, nigericin, and tetronasin; all three ionophores also decreased CH4 production. Concentrations of valinomycin as high as 8 micrograms/ml had no effect on volatile fatty acids or CH4 production. Monensin, nigericin, and tetronasin inhibited the rate of biohydrogenation of linoleic acid. Continuous infusion of C18:2n-6 at a steady-state concentration of 314 micrograms/ml into fermenters receiving monensin, nigericin, or tetronasin resulted in lower amounts of stearic acid and higher amounts of oleic acid. Ionophores increased total C18:2 conjugated acids mainly because of an increase in the cis-9, trans-11-C18:2 isomer. If reflected in milk fat, ionophore-induced changes in ruminal lipids could enhance the nutritional qualities of milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Fellner
- Centre for Food and Animal Research, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Van Nevel C, Demeyer DI. Lipolysis and biohydrogenation of soybean oil in the rumen in vitro: inhibition by antimicrobials. J Dairy Sci 1995; 78:2797-806. [PMID: 8675762 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(95)76910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This experiment attempted to lower rumen lipolytic activity, biohydrogenating activity, or both using antimicrobial compounds. In vitro incubations were carried out with rumen fluid, 80 mg of soybean oil, and .5 g of commercial concentrates as substrate. Unless stated otherwise, the final concentrations of the additives in the incubation was 20 ppm. Lipolysis and biohydrogenation were determined by separation of triacylglycerols and FFA by TLC; the fatty acid composition of each was determined by GLC before and after incubation and with or without additive. With some of the antibiotics, lipolysis was inhibited 10 to 20%, and the most potent inhibitors were ionophores and amoxicillin. Biohydrogenation (including C18:1) decreased only for lasalocid, but no additive could prevent hydrogenation of linolenic acid liberated from triacylglycerols. Some additives decreased hydrogenation of linoleic acid, but only slightly. Lipolytic activity decreased VFA production more than the other potent additives (amoxicillin, avoparcin, lasalocid sodium, monensin, and salinomycin sodium). This result could indicate a more specific toxic effect on lipolytic microbes. Finally, different antimicrobials influenced fermentation patterns differently (VFA proportions and CH4 production), but shifts were always in accordance with stoichiometric principles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Van Nevel
- Department of Animal Production, University of Ghent, Melle, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|