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Palomar M, Soler M, Tres A, Barroeta A, Muñoz-Núñez M, Garcés-Narro C. Influence of free fatty acid content and degree of fat saturation in laying hen diets on egg quality, yolk fatty acid profile, and cholesterol content. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102236. [PMID: 36334471 PMCID: PMC9640310 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dietary free fatty acid (FFA) content and the degree of saturation on egg quality, yolk fatty acid (FA) profile, and yolk cholesterol content. For a 15-wk period, a total of 144 laying hens (19-wk-old) were randomly assigned to 8 treatments arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial design, with 2 sources of crude oil (soybean oil and palm oil) and 4 levels of FFA (10, 20, 30, and 45%). The dietary treatments were achieved by progressively substituting the original oils with equivalent amounts of their corresponding acid oils (soybean acid oil and palm fatty acid distillate, respectively). No differences in ADFI or egg mass were found. However, dietary FFA reduced egg production (linear, P < 0.05) and increased the feed conversion ratio (linear, P < 0.05). Higher levels of FFA in soybean diets resulted in higher egg weight with higher albumen and yolk weights (linear, P < 0.01). Palm diets presented higher yolk:albumen ratio than soybean diets (P < 0.001), but the effect of FFA did not follow a linear trend. Hens fed soybean diets laid eggs with higher Haugh units (HU) than palm diets (P < 0.001), although increasing the dietary FFA% reduced the HU values in both (linear, P < 0.001). Palm diets enhanced shell quality with greater resistance to breakage, and higher dry matter and ash content than soybean diets (P < 0.05). No differences in egg chemical composition and yolk cholesterol content were found (P > 0.05). The saturation degree had a significant effect on all the analyzed yolk FA (P < 0.001) except for arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6), whereas increasing the FFA content did not affect to a great extent. These results show that varying dietary FFA level did not affect egg quality and yolk composition as much as the dietary fat source did, supporting the use of acid oils and fatty acid distillates as fat ingredients for feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Palomar
- AviFeed Science, Department of Animal Production and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera – CEU Universities, E-46115 Alfara de Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - M.D. Soler
- AviFeed Science, Department of Animal Production and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera – CEU Universities, E-46115 Alfara de Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Tres
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A.C. Barroeta
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Muñoz-Núñez
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Garcés-Narro
- AviFeed Science, Department of Animal Production and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera – CEU Universities, E-46115 Alfara de Patriarca, Valencia, Spain,Corresponding author:
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Mikulski D, Jankowski J, Mikulska M, Demey V. Effects of dietary probiotic (Pediococcus acidilactici) supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, and body composition in laying hens fed diets varying in energy density. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2275-2285. [PMID: 32241513 PMCID: PMC7587791 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) strain MA18/5M supplementation of diets with different dietary energy levels on productive performance, egg quality, and body composition in Hy-Line Brown hens during a 16-week period from 32 to 47 wk of age. The experimental treatments with a 2 × 2 factorial design received a 2 wheat–corn–soybean diet: a moderately low energy density diet with 2,650 kcal ME/kg (M-LED) and a low energy density diet based on the M-LED diet with 2,550 kcal ME/kg (LED), each diet without and with probiotic supplementation (M-LED, LED, M-LEDp, and LEDp, respectively). Reduced dietary energy levels had a particularly negative effect on egg weight (61.7 vs. 63.3 g; −2.6%, P < 0.001), egg mass output (1.67 vs. 1.71 kg; −2.4%, P = 0.015), and FCR (2.01 vs. 1.97 kg feed/kg egg; +2%, P = 0.028). In hens administered the LED diet, deteriorated productive performance was accompanied by greater body weight loss (P < 0.001) and reduced abdominal fat content (P < 0.033) as compared with the M-LED group. Dietary probiotic inclusion increased egg weight (P = 0.015), including relative eggshell weight (P = 0.008) and eggshell thickness (P = 0.002) and significantly improved FCR (P = 0.010). No interactions between the PA-based probiotic and dietary energy levels were found in any of the tested parameters. Adding the probiotic on top of the M-LED diet improved layers performance but resulted in nonbioequivalence for the egg weight, egg mass output, and FCR compared with this group without probiotic. Probiotic supplementation of the LEDp diet improved all performance parameters except for egg weight. As a result, the laying rate, egg mass output, daily feed intake, and FCR in the LEDp treatment were bioequivalent to those noted in the M-LED group without the probiotic. The results of a bioequivalence test suggest that a low energy diet fed to laying hens promoted a probiotic response to improve energy utilization by birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Mikulski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marzena Mikulska
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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de Haas EN, Calandreau L, Baéza E, Chartrin P, Palme R, Darmaillacq AS, Dickel L, Lumineau S, Houdelier C, Denis I, Arnould C, Meurisse M, Bertin A. Lipids in maternal diet influence yolk hormone levels and post-hatch neophobia in the domestic chick. Dev Psychobiol 2017; 59:400-409. [PMID: 28261786 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We assessed whether the ratio of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) during egg formation engenders transgenerational maternal effects in domestic chicks. We analyzed yolk lipid and hormone concentrations, and HPA-axis activity in hens fed a control diet (high n-6/n-3 ratio) or a diet enriched in n-3 PUFAs (low n-6/n-3 ratio) for 6 consecutive weeks. Their chicks were tested for neophobia during the first week of life. We found higher corticosterone metabolites in droppings of hens fed the diet enriched in n-3 and significantly higher concentrations of yolk progesterone, androstenedione, and estradiol in their eggs compared to controls. Chicks of hens fed the n-3 enriched diet showed a lower body mass at hatch than controls and expressed higher neophobia when exposed to a novel object. These results add support to the hypothesis that the nutritional state of female birds produces variation in yolk hormone levels and engender maternal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elske N de Haas
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Laboratoire de Comportement, Neurobiologie et Adaptation, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ludovic Calandreau
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Laboratoire de Comportement, Neurobiologie et Adaptation, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France
| | - Elisabeth Baéza
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, Unité de Recherches Avicoles, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Chartrin
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, Unité de Recherches Avicoles, Nouzilly, France
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne-Sophie Darmaillacq
- Neuroéthologie Cognitive des Céphalopodes (NECC) Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie UMR 6552 CNRS - Université Rennes1 F-14032, Caen, France
| | - Ludovic Dickel
- Neuroéthologie Cognitive des Céphalopodes (NECC) Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie UMR 6552 CNRS - Université Rennes1 F-14032, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Isabelle Denis
- INRA, Unité de Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction (NBO, INRA-U1197), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cécile Arnould
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Laboratoire de Comportement, Neurobiologie et Adaptation, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France
| | - Maryse Meurisse
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Laboratoire de Comportement, Neurobiologie et Adaptation, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France
| | - Aline Bertin
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Laboratoire de Comportement, Neurobiologie et Adaptation, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France
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Neijat M, Gakhar N, Neufeld J, House JD. Performance, egg quality, and blood plasma chemistry of laying hens fed hempseed and hempseed oil. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2827-40. [PMID: 25239534 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-03936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the performance of hens (feed intake, rate of lay, egg weight, and BW gain), egg quality and blood biochemistry (enzymes, electrolytes, proteins, and other plasma constituents) of laying hens fed diets containing hemp products. Forty-eight Lohmann LSL-Classic (white-egg layers; 19 wk of age) were individually caged and fed 1 of 6 wheat-barley-soybean-based diets for a period of 12 wk. The diets consisted of hempseed (HS; 10, 20, or 30%), hempseed oil (HO; 4.5 or 9.0%), or a control diet (corn oil-based). All diets were formulated to contain similar levels of crude fat (11%), energy (2,800 kcal/kg), and CP (17%). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the repeated measure analysis of the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. The results indicated that the inclusion of up to 30 and 9.0% HS and HO, respectively, to diets of laying hens had no significant effects on hen performance, egg quality, or plasma level of metabolites (proteins, glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol) and electrolytes (Na, K, Cl, P, and Ca). Overall plasma enzyme concentrations, particularly gamma-glutamyl transferase, were significantly (P < 0.01) lowest at the 10 and 20% levels of HS inclusion, or at the 4.5% HO level of inclusion of the hempseed products compared with the higher levels or control fed hens. Similar effects were also observed for plasma aspartate aminotransferase levels but with the HS enriched diets only (P < 0.05), particularly being lowest at the inclusion levels of 10 and 20% HS compared with the control. The results may imply a possible protective effect of HS- and HO-containing diets, particularly at 10% HS, 20% HS, and 4.5% HO levels, on liver damage/injury. In summary, both HO and HS appear to be well tolerated by laying hens as judged by markers of plasma clinical chemistry supporting the safety and efficacy of hemp products for use in laying hen rations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neijat
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - N Gakhar
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J Neufeld
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J D House
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Bozkurt M, Küçükyılmaz K, Cabuk M, Catlı AU. The Long Term Effects of Fairly Low-level of Supplemental Fat on the Productive Performance of Commercial Layers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 25:524-30. [PMID: 25049593 PMCID: PMC4092899 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Laying hens were fed commercial diets added with supplemented fat (SFAT) at 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8% in order to study the long term dietary effects - on - their productive performance from 22 to 75 wk of age. Five hundred and seventy six Single Comb White Leghorn hens were assigned to one of the four dietary treatments. The experimental phase consisted of three periods of 18 wk each. The final body weight and gain of hens fed on diets with SFAT at 1.2% and 1.8% were lower (p<0.05) than those hens given no SFAT. The SFAT at the 1.2% and 1.8% levels improved egg production rate, egg weight and mass, as well as FCR. Mortality and feed consumption were not affected by dietary SFAT. Administration of a diet with SFAT significantly decreased the cracked-broken egg ratio (p<0.01). The beneficial effects of SFAT on egg production performance were particularly more pronounced at intermediate and later ages. Hence, SFAT by period interactions were significant for all traits studied except feed intake. Hens fed SFAT deposited significantly higher abdominal fat than those on the no-SFAT diet. As a result, SFAT at 1.2% and 1.8% inclusion levels provided benefits in terms of efficient table egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bozkurt
- Department of Poultry Science, Vocational School of Celal Bayar University, Akhisar, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Kamil Küçükyılmaz
- Department of Poultry Science, Vocational School of Celal Bayar University, Akhisar, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Metin Cabuk
- Department of Poultry Science, Vocational School of Celal Bayar University, Akhisar, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Uğur Catlı
- Department of Poultry Science, Vocational School of Celal Bayar University, Akhisar, Manisa, Turkey
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Najib H, Al-Yousif Y. Egg Size of Saudi Local Layers as Affected by Line of the Bird (Body Weight at Sexual Maturity) and Dietary Fat Level. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2014.442.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Koppenol A, Delezie E, Aerts J, Willems E, Wang Y, Franssens L, Everaert N, Buyse J. Effect of the ratio of dietary n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on broiler breeder performance, egg quality, and yolk fatty acid composition at different breeder ages. Poult Sci 2014; 93:564-73. [PMID: 24604849 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When added to the feed of broiler breeder hens, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) can be incorporated into the yolk and therefore become available to the progeny during their early development. The mechanism involved in lipid metabolism and deposition in the egg may be influenced by breeder age. Before the effect of an elevated concentration of certain polyunsaturated FA on the embryo can be investigated, the effect at breeder level and egg quality must be further assessed. The aim of the present experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary n-6/n-3 ratios and dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) ratios, provided to broiler breeder hens, in terms of their zoo technical performance, egg quality, and yolk FA composition. Starting at 6 wk of age, 640 Ross-308 broiler breeder hens were fed 1 of 4 different diets. The control diet was a basal diet, rich in n-6 FA. The 3 other diets were enriched in n-3 FA, formulated to obtain a different EPA/DHA ratio of 1/1 (EPA = DHA), 1/2 (DHA), or 2/1 (EPA). In fact, after analysis the EPA/DHA ratio was 0.8, 0.4, or 2.1, respectively. Dietary EPA and DHA addition did not affect the performance of the breeder hens, except for egg weight. Egg weight was lower (P < 0.001) for all n-3 treatments. Dietary EPA improved number of eggs laid in the first 2 wk of the production cycle (P = 0.029). The absolute and relative yolk weight of eggs laid by EPA = DHA fed hens was lowest (P = 0.004 and P = 0.025, respectively). The EPA and DHA concentrations in the yolk were highly dependent on dietary EPA and DHA concentrations with a regression coefficient equal to 0.89. It can be concluded that dietary EPA and DHA can be incorporated in the breeder egg yolk to become available for the developing embryo, without compromising the performance and egg quality of the flock.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koppenol
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Tahmasbi AM, Mirakzehi MT, Hosseini SJ, Agah MJ, Fard MK. The effects of phytase and root hydroalcoholic extract ofWithania somniferaon productive performance and bone mineralisation of laying hens in the late phase of production. Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:204-14. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.662628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Safaa H, Serrano M, Valencia D, Arbe X, Jiménez-Moreno E, Lázaro R, Mateos G. Effects of the Levels of Methionine, Linoleic Acid, and Added Fat in the Diet on Productive Performance and Egg Quality of Brown Laying Hens in the Late Phase of Production. Poult Sci 2008; 87:1595-602. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Improving productive and reproductive performance of dual-purpose crossbred hens in the tropics by lecithin supplementation. Trop Anim Health Prod 2008; 41:461-75. [PMID: 18661247 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-008-9209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the influence of lecithin and vegetable oils on improving productive and reproductive performance, egg quality, and metabolic profile of dual-purpose crossbred hens in the tropics, a total of 224 hens, 47-wk old, 112 each of Gimmizah and Silver Montazah strains were fed seven isonitrogenous diets. Experimental treatments consisted of feeding seven different diets to layers; four isocaloric diets containing either no added lipid (control), 3% vegetable oil mixture, 3% soy lecithin or 6% soy lecithin; and three high-energy level diets, containing an extra 3% vegetable oil mixture, 3% or 6% soy lecithin added to the control diet. Thus, the experimental design was factorial, consisting of seven lipid treatments by two strains of hens. Results indicate that 3% lecithin as an extra ME source, or feeding 11.72 MJ ME/kg diet containing the same level of lecithin, improved productive and reproductive performance of crossbred hens. Moreover, lecithin at 6% as an extra ME supplement significantly increased yolk percentage and improved Haugh unit score and yolk color, while increasing EE digestibility and plasma total lipids. Hen strain had a significant effect only on digestibility of OM, percentage liver and Haugh unit score, with the Gimmizah strain having higher values.
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Akinci Z, Bayram I. Effects of poppy seed meal on egg production and hatching results in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Res Vet Sci 2003; 75:141-7. [PMID: 12893163 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(03)00054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of poppy seed meal (PSM) on the egg production and hatching of quail. Two experiments were undertaken. In the first experiment, 240 quail, reared under the same conditions, were divided into four groups of 60 birds each (which were, in turn, subdivided into four subgroups of 15 each for experimental replicates). The first, second, and third experimental groups were fed ratios containing 5%, 15%, and 25% PSM, respectively, over 12 weeks. The control group received no PSM. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum and artificial light was provided for 16 h a day. During the first experiment, egg production, egg weight, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. In the second experiment, 240 female and 48 male quail were divided into four groups, as in the preceding experiment, and the birds were housed in cages at a ratio of one male to five females. The diets and their presentation to the quails were the same as in the preceding experiment. The results of the two experiments showed that the addition of PSM to the feed ratios increased egg production, feed consumption, and feed conversion per kg of eggs and per dozen eggs. However, PSM addition at all percentages significantly reduced (P<0.001) hatchability, mainly because of increased infertility and embryonic deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Akinci
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Ahmet Necdet Sezer, Afyon 03200, Turkey.
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Grobas S, Mendez J, De Blas C, Mateos GG. Laying hen productivity as affected by energy, supplemental fat, and linoleic acid concentration of the diet. Poult Sci 1999; 78:1542-51. [PMID: 10560827 DOI: 10.1093/ps/78.11.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A trial using 720 Isabrown hens was conducted to determine the influence of energy (AMEn), supplemental fat (SFAT), and linolenic acid (LIN) concentration of the diet on performance and weight of eggs and egg components throughout the laying cycle (22 to 65 wk of age). There were six treatments whose calculated AMEn, SFAT, and LIN content were, respectively: 1) 2,810 kcal/kg, 0%, 1.15%; 2) 2,810 kcal/kg, 4%, 1.15%; 3) 2,810 kcal/kg, 4%, 1.65%; 4) 2,680 kcal/kg, 0%, 1.15%; 5) 2,680 kcal/kg, 4%, 1.15%; and 6) 2,680 kcal/kg, 4%, and 1.65%. All diets were formulated to have the same crude protein, lysine, TSAA, calcium, and nonphytin phosphorus levels per kilocalorie of AMEn. The data were analyzed with SFAT constant (4%) and AMEn, and LIN variables (Diets 2, 3, 5, and 6) and with LIN constant (1.15%) and AMEn and SFAT variables (Diets 1, 2, 4, and 5). When LIN was maintained at a constant of 1.15%, an increase in the AMEn of the diets from 2,680 to 2,810 kcal/kg decreased feed intake by 4% (P < 0.001). Increasing AMEn also improved feed conversion per dozen eggs and per kilogram of eggs by 4.9 and 4.7% (P < 0.05), respectively, and increased BW gain by 55.7% (P < 0.05). Egg production rate, egg weight, egg mass output, and energy intake were not modified by treatments. An increase in SFAT within both energy levels from 0 to 4% improved all of the traits studied except feed conversion. Supplemental fat increased both yolk and albumen weight, but the effect was more pronounced on the latter. When SFAT was maintained constant at 4%, an increase in AMEn of the diets decreased feed intake and improved feed conversion per dozen and per kilogram of eggs by 5.7, 5.5, and 5.2%, respectively (P < 0.001). An increase in LIN content from 1.15 to 1.65% did not modify any of the parameters studied. The results indicate that SFAT consistently improves productivity of hens and egg weight and that the LIN requirement for maximal productivity is 1.15% or less. The beneficial effects of adding SFAT to diets containing more than 1.15% LIN are due to the fat itself rather than to an increase in LIN or AMEn of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grobas
- Departamento de Producción Animal, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
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Grobas S, Mateos G, Mendez J. Influence of Dietary Linoleic Acid on Production and Weight of Eggs and Egg Components in Young Brown Hens. J APPL POULTRY RES 1999. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/8.2.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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