1
|
Delezie E, Koppenol A, Buyse J, Everaert N. Can breeder reproductive status, performance and egg quality be enhanced by supplementation and transition of n-3 fatty acids? J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 100:707-14. [PMID: 26854179 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of n-3 fatty acid (FA) supplemented diets on breeder performance, productivity and egg quality. Breeders (n = 480) were fed the supplemented diet from 18 weeks onwards; the inclusion level of n-3 FA was increased from 1.5% to 3.0% from 34 weeks of age onwards until 48 weeks of age. Ross-308 broiler breeders (n = 480) were fed one of four different diets: a basal diet rich in n-6 FA (control diet) or one of three diets rich in n-3 FA. For the n-3 FA diets, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) were fed to the broiler breeders at different ratios formulated to obtain EPA/DHA ratios of 1/1, 1/2 or 2/1. Differences in performance, reproduction and egg quality parameters due to n-3 supplementation were noted more for the 1.5% followed by the 3.0% fed broilers than their 1.5% supplemented counterparts. Egg weight (p < 0.001) and egg mass (p = 0.003) were significantly lower and feed conversion (p = 0.008) significantly higher for the n-3 FA (at 3.0% inclusion level) fed broilers compared to the control group. For the EPA- and DHA-fed breeders, a higher proportional abdominal fat percentage (p = 0.025) and proportional albumen weight (%) (p = 0.041) were found respectively. Dietary treatments did not affect reproduction. It can be concluded that the results of the present experiment indicate no significant differences between treatments at 1.5% inclusion levels. However, increasing this level to 3.0% is not recommended due to the rather negative effects on the measured parameters. It should be further investigated whether these adverse effects were obtained due to (i) the higher supplementation level, (ii) combining a supplementation level of 1.5% with 3% or (iii) the duration of supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Delezie
- Animal Sciences Unit, Institiute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - A Koppenol
- Animal Sciences Unit, Institiute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium.,Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Buyse
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Everaert
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koppenol A, Delezie E, Wang Y, Franssens L, Willems E, Ampe B, Buyse J, Everaert N. Effects of maternal dietary EPA and DHA supplementation and breeder age on embryonic and post-hatch performance of broiler offspring: age and n-3 pufa affect embryonic and post-hatch performance. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 99 Suppl S1:36-47. [PMID: 25865421 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Breeder age and nutrition are amongst the most important factors affecting progeny growth and development. The present experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of n-3 fatty acid (FA), with special emphasis on the ratio of eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6 n-3) acid, provided to the diet of ageing broiler breeder hens at different ratios, on the incubation parameters and the performance of the offspring. Four hundred and eighty Ross-308 broiler breeder hens were fed one of four different diets (120/treatment), with an equal fat content. The control diet was a basal diet, rich in n-6 FAs (CON). Blends of fish oil were used to enrich the three other diets in n-3 FA and to obtain different EPA/DHA ratios of 1/1 (EPA=DHA), 1/2 (DHA) or 2/1 (EPA). Every 5 weeks, incubation parameters were assessed. Every 15 weeks, offspring was reared until slaughter age on a standard diet. Breeder age affected almost all incubation and post-hatch parameters, whereas n-3 FA treatment only lowered egg weight (p < 0.0001) and consequently hatched chick weight (p < 0.0001). Supplementation of EPA resulted in a higher proportional liver weight (p = 0.0219) at hatch, a lower body weight up to 28 days post-hatch (p = 0.0418), a lower daily weight gain (p = 0.0498) and a higher feed conversion ratio (p = 0.0395) during the starter period (p = 0.0498), resulting in a higher overall offspring feed conversion ratio (p = 0.0317) compared to the control diet. DHA supplementation, on the other hand, resulted in a lower residual yolk weight (p = 0.0220) and a higher overall offspring mortality (p = 0.0125). In conclusion, supplementation of n-3 FA could not counter the adverse effect of breeder flock age, but did not harm incubation or improve post-hatch performance, either. EPA and DHA affected offspring development differently during early post-hatch life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Koppenol
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) Animal Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Franssens L, Lesuisse J, Wang Y, De Ketelaere B, Willems E, Koppenol A, Guo X, Buyse J, Decuypere E, Everaert N. Prenatal tolbutamide treatment alters plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and negatively affects the postnatal performance of chickens. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 52:35-42. [PMID: 25727896 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To examine the relationship of insulin and glucose, broiler embryos were subjected to acute or prolonged hypoglycemia during the late embryonic phase by, respectively, injecting once (at embryonic day [ED] 16 or 17) or on 3 consecutive days (ED 16, 17, and 18) with tolbutamide (80 μg/g embryo weight), a substance that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas. After 1 tolbutamide injection, a prolonged (32 h) decrease of plasma glucose and a profound acute increase in plasma insulin were observed. The 3 consecutive tolbutamide injections induced hypoglycemia for 4 days (from ED 16 to ED 19). The postnatal performance after 3 consecutive tolbutamide injections in broiler embryos was also investigated. Body weight was lower in tolbutamide-treated chickens from hatch to 42 d compared with sham (P = 0.001) and control (P < 0.001) chickens. Feed intake was lower in the tolbutamide group from hatch to 42 d as compared with sham (P = 0.007) and control (P = 0.017) animals. In addition, at 42 d, plasma glucose concentrations, after an insulin injection challenge (50 μg/kg body weight), were higher in tolbutamide-treated chickens compared with the sham and the control group as were their basal glucose levels (P value of group effect <0.001). In conclusion, tolbutamide treatment during the late embryonic development in broilers resulted in prolonged hypoglycemia in this period and negatively influenced the posthatch performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Franssens
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - J Lesuisse
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Y Wang
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - B De Ketelaere
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - E Willems
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - A Koppenol
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Animal Sciences Unit, Instituut voor Landbouw- en Visserijonderzoek, Melle 9090, Belgium
| | - X Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - J Buyse
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - E Decuypere
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - N Everaert
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Koppenol A, Delezie E, Buyse J, Everaert N. The interaction between maternal and post-hatch n-3 fatty acid supplementation in broiler diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 99:864-72. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Koppenol
- Department of Biosystems; Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) Animal Sciences Unit; Melle Belgium
| | - E. Delezie
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) Animal Sciences Unit; Melle Belgium
| | - J. Buyse
- Department of Biosystems; Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - N. Everaert
- Department of Biosystems; Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Animal Science Unit; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koppenol A, Everaert N, Buyse J, Delezie E. Challenge with lipopolysaccharides or Freund's adjuvant? What is the best option to trigger acute phase protein production in broilers? Res Vet Sci 2015; 99:96-8. [PMID: 25666225 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Broilers were injected at 10 days of age with either Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or with Freund's adjuvants (FA) to investigate its triggering effect on the acute phase reaction (APR). First the kinetics of certain APP was studied by sampling blood 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h post injection with LPS. Ovotransferrin (OVT) and α-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentration increased with time post injection (PI) with LPS to reach a plateau at 12 and 24 h PI. Caeruloplasmin (CP) did not increase with time PI. Compared to injection with phosphate buffered saline, OVT concentrations were higher when injecting chicks with LPS at all time points PI. At 24 h PI, LPS injection resulted in higher OVT and AGP concentration compared to injection with FA. It is recommended to use LPS instead of FA to trigger the APR. The best time point to sample blood for APP determination is 24 h PI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Koppenol
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenber 30 Box 2456, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Animal Science Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Scheldeweg 68, Melle 9090, Belgium.
| | - N Everaert
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - J Buyse
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenber 30 Box 2456, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - E Delezie
- Animal Science Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Scheldeweg 68, Melle 9090, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Koppenol A, Delezie E, Aerts J, Willems E, Wang Y, Franssens L, Everaert N, Buyse J. Effect of the ratio of dietary n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on broiler breeder performance, egg quality, and yolk fatty acid composition at different breeder ages. Poult Sci 2014; 93:564-73. [PMID: 24604849 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When added to the feed of broiler breeder hens, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) can be incorporated into the yolk and therefore become available to the progeny during their early development. The mechanism involved in lipid metabolism and deposition in the egg may be influenced by breeder age. Before the effect of an elevated concentration of certain polyunsaturated FA on the embryo can be investigated, the effect at breeder level and egg quality must be further assessed. The aim of the present experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary n-6/n-3 ratios and dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) ratios, provided to broiler breeder hens, in terms of their zoo technical performance, egg quality, and yolk FA composition. Starting at 6 wk of age, 640 Ross-308 broiler breeder hens were fed 1 of 4 different diets. The control diet was a basal diet, rich in n-6 FA. The 3 other diets were enriched in n-3 FA, formulated to obtain a different EPA/DHA ratio of 1/1 (EPA = DHA), 1/2 (DHA), or 2/1 (EPA). In fact, after analysis the EPA/DHA ratio was 0.8, 0.4, or 2.1, respectively. Dietary EPA and DHA addition did not affect the performance of the breeder hens, except for egg weight. Egg weight was lower (P < 0.001) for all n-3 treatments. Dietary EPA improved number of eggs laid in the first 2 wk of the production cycle (P = 0.029). The absolute and relative yolk weight of eggs laid by EPA = DHA fed hens was lowest (P = 0.004 and P = 0.025, respectively). The EPA and DHA concentrations in the yolk were highly dependent on dietary EPA and DHA concentrations with a regression coefficient equal to 0.89. It can be concluded that dietary EPA and DHA can be incorporated in the breeder egg yolk to become available for the developing embryo, without compromising the performance and egg quality of the flock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Koppenol
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Willems E, Wang Y, Willemsen H, Lesuisse J, Franssens L, Guo X, Koppenol A, Buyse J, Decuypere E, Everaert N. Partial albumen removal early during embryonic development of layer-type chickens has negative consequences on laying performance in adult life. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1905-15. [PMID: 23776279 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-03003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the importance of albumen as a protein source during embryonic development on the posthatch performance of laying hens, 3 mL of the albumen was removed. At hatch, no difference in BW could be observed. Chicks from the albumen-deprived group had a lower residual yolk weight due to higher yolk utilization. During the rearing phase (hatch to 17 wk of age), the BW of the albumen-deprived pullets was lower compared with the control and sham pullets. The feed intake of the albumen-deprived pullets was also lower than the control pullets. However, during the laying phase (18 to 55 wk of age) these hens exceeded the control and sham hens in BW, although this was not accompanied by a higher feed intake. The albumen-deprived hens exhibited a lower egg production capacity as demonstrated by the reduced egg weight, laying rate, and egg mass and increased number of second grade eggs. In addition, the eggs laid by the albumen-deprived hens had a higher proportional yolk and lower proportional albumen weight. In conclusion, prenatal protein deprivation by albumen removal caused a long-lasting programming effect, possibly by differences in energy allocation, in favor of growth and maintenance and impairing reproductive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Willems
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Willems E, Koppenol A, Lesuisse J, Willemsen H, Wang Y, Franssens L, Buyse J, Decuypere E, Everaert N. Can prenatal nutritional constraints in the chicken embryo have long-term effects on the post-hatch performance and glucose metabolism? Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:79-84. [PMID: 23875301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Willems
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Willems E, Wang Y, Willemsen H, Franssens L, Koppenol A, Buyse J, Decuypere E, Everaert N. Prenatal undernutrition of the chicken embryo affects post hatch feed intake, body weight and composition. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2012; 77:269-273. [PMID: 22558794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Willems
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Division of Livestock-Nutrition-Quality, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 box 2456, B-3001 Leuven
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|