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Vegetables and Their Bioactive Compounds as Anti-Aging Drugs. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072316. [PMID: 35408714 PMCID: PMC9000296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a continuous process over time that is mainly related to natural alterations in mechanical–biological processes. This phenomenon is due to several factors, including the time and energy of biological processes. Aging can be attributed to biological factors such as oxidative stress, cell longevity, and stem cell senescence. Currently, aging is associated with several diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other diseases related to oxidative stress. In addition, certain natural molecules, including those derived from vegetables, have shown the ability to delay the aging process. Their effects are linked to different mechanisms of action, such as tissue regeneration and the activation of longevity and anti-senescence genes. The present work discusses the impact of vegetables, and bioactive compounds isolated from vegetables, against the physiological and pathological aging process and accompanying human diseases.
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Sarangi A, Das BS, Patnaik G, Sarkar S, Debnath M, Mohan M, Bhattacharya D. Potent anti-mycobacterial and immunomodulatory activity of some bioactive molecules of Indian ethnomedicinal plants that have the potential to enter in TB management. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1578-1599. [PMID: 33772980 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases of human civilization. Approximately one-third of global population is latently infected with the TB pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). The discovery of anti-TB antibiotics leads to decline in death rate of TB. However, the evolution of antibiotic-resistant M.tb-strain and the resurgence of different immune-compromised diseases re-escalated the death rate of TB. WHO has already cautioned about the chances of pandemic situation in TB endemic countries until the discovery of new anti-tubercular drugs, that is, the need of the hour. Analysing the pathogenesis of TB, it was found that M.tb evades the host by altering the balance of immune response and affects either by killing the cells or by creating inflammation. In the pre-antibiotic era, traditional medicines were only therapeutic measures for different infectious diseases including tuberculosis. The ancient literatures of India or ample Indian traditional knowledge and ethnomedicinal practices are evidence for the treatment of TB using different indigenous plants. However, in the light of modern scientific approach, anti-TB effects of those plants and their bioactive molecules were not established thoroughly. In this review, focus has been given on five bioactive molecules of different traditionally used Indian ethnomedicinal plants for treatment of TB or TB-like symptom. These compounds are also validated with proper identification and their mode of action with modern scientific approaches. The effectiveness of these molecules for sensitive or drug-resistant TB pathogen in clinical or preclinical studies was also evaluated. Thus, our specific aim is to highlight such scientifically validated bioactive compounds having anti-mycobacterial and immunomodulatory activity for future use as medicine or adjunct-therapeutic molecule for TB management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarangi
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - B S Das
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - G Patnaik
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sarkar
- Barsal High School, Rampurhat, West Bengal, India
| | - M Debnath
- Panskura Banamali College (Autonomous), Vidyasagar University, Panskura, West Bengal, India
| | - M Mohan
- ICMR-National Institute of Malarial Research (NIMR), New Delhi, India
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Korkmaz S, Zeytinoglu H, Zeytinoglu M, Aydin S, Öztürk Y, Baser HC. Testing Wound-healing Activity in T15 Fibroblast Cultures: A Morphometric Analysis. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 28:41-51. [DOI: 10.1177/026119290002800107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to evaluate the use of mouse T15 fibroblast cell cultures for the investigation of wound-healing activity. In order to investigate their mechanisms of action, the effects of drugs with wound-healing activities were compared by using morphometric analyses by microscopy after cell staining. A number of parameters were used to evaluate the effects of titrated extracts from Centella asiatica and dexpanthenol (drugs that have been used in medical practice for their wound-healing activities) on cultured mouse T15 fibroblasts. These parameters were: the total number of cells; the number of T15 cells in mitosis; the percentages of fusiform, polygonal, round and vacuole-containing cells; and the number of intracellular collagen granules. The results indicate that these two drugs exhibit wound-healing activities by activating fibroblast cells, and have cytoprotective effects, although their mechanisms of action on mouse T15 fibroblasts were different. On the basis of our findings, mouse T15 fibroblast cell cultures seem to be useful for the pharmacological screening of compounds with wound-healing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seval Korkmaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plant and Drug Research Centre
| | | | | | - Süleyman Aydin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plant and Drug Research Centre
| | - Yusuf Öztürk
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plant and Drug Research Centre
| | - Hüsnü Can Baser
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plant and Drug Research Centre
- Department of Pharmagonosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
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4
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Melo Pereira S, Ribeiro R, Logarinho E. Approaches towards Longevity: Reprogramming, Senolysis, and Improved Mitotic Competence as Anti-Aging Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E938. [PMID: 30795536 PMCID: PMC6413205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mainstream approaches that are currently used as anti-aging therapies primarily explore the senescence and epigenetic drift aging hallmarks and they are at two ends of the spectrum. While senolytic therapies include either the selective elimination of senescent cells or the disruption of their secretome with the use of drugs or natural compounds, cellular reprogramming uses genetic manipulation to revert cells all the way back to pluripotency. Here, we describe the progress that has been made on these therapies, while highlighting the major challenges involved. Moreover, based on recent findings elucidating the impact of mitotic shutdown and aneuploidy in cellular senescence, we discuss the modulation of mitotic competence as an alternative strategy to delay the hallmarks of aging. We propose that a regulated rise in mitotic competence of cells could circumvent certain limitations that are present in the senolytic and reprogramming approaches, by acting to decelerate senescence and possibly restore the epigenetic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Melo Pereira
- Ageing and Aneuploidy Laboratory, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Ribeiro
- Ageing and Aneuploidy Laboratory, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Elsa Logarinho
- Ageing and Aneuploidy Laboratory, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Cell Division Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Biology, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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Agro-Industrial By-Products and Their Bioactive Compounds—An Ally against Oxidative Stress and Skin Aging. COSMETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics5040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased consumer awareness towards hazards related with sun exposure has given a boost in the cosmetics industry and particularly the sun care market. Human skin is continually being threatened by the UV irradiation present in sunlight and acute UV exposure leads to skin photoaging. Cosmetic and/or dermatological applications include several bioactive compounds that contribute to the regulation of epidermal homeostasis by providing protection against solar radiation and improving the antioxidant activity of epidermis. Plant extracts are sources of active ingredients with intense therapeutic properties, and the topical application or oral intake of these compounds could ameliorate skin condition. Nowadays, there is a growing demand for the application of the bioactive agents contained in agro-industrial byproducts in sun care products, since many of them have shown promising properties as skin photoprotectants. However, well-conducted clinical studies are required to prove their safety and efficacy before they could be regularly used. Environmentally friendly extraction and sustainable techniques are therefore under examination for recovering such compounds from agro-industrial byproducts and converting them into innovative high-value natural ingredients used in cosmetic formulations.
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Kim HK. Protective Effect of Garlic on Cellular Senescence in UVB-Exposed HaCaT Human Keratinocytes. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080464. [PMID: 27483310 PMCID: PMC4997377 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells, which induces the cellular senescence and photoaging. The present study investigated the protective effects of garlic on photo-damage and cellular senescence in UVB-exposed human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. An in vitro cell free system was used to examine the scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and nitric oxide (NO). The effect of garlic extract on ROS formation, MMP-1 protein and mRNA expressions, cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, senescence associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, and silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1) activity were determined in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Garlic exhibited strong DPPH radical and NO scavenging activity in cell free system exhibiting IC50 values of 2.50 mg/mL and 4.38 mg/mL, respectively. Garlic pretreatment attenuated the production of UVB-induced intracellular ROS. MMP-1 level, which has been known to be induced by ROS, was dramatically elevated by UVB irradiation, and UVB-induced MMP-1 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly reduced by garlic treatment (50 µg/mL) comparable to those of UV-unexposed control cells. UV-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine productions (IL-6 and IL-1β) were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with garlic in a dose-dependent manner. SA-β-gal activity, a classical biomarker of cellular senescence, and SIRT1 activity, which has attracted attention as an anti-aging factor in recent years, were ameliorated by garlic treatment in UV-irradiated HaCaT cells. The present study provides the first evidence of garlic inhibiting UVB-induced photoaging as a result of augmentation of cellular senescence in HaCaT human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Kim
- Department of Food & Biotechnology, Hanseo University, Haemi-Myun, Seosan, Chungnam 356-706, Korea.
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D'Andrea G. Quercetin: A flavonol with multifaceted therapeutic applications? Fitoterapia 2015; 106:256-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
In Iran, a large group of patients are elderly people and they intend to have natural remedies as treatment. These remedies are rooted in historical of Persian and humoral medicine with a backbone of more than 1000 years. The current study was conducted to draw together medieval pharmacological information related to geriatric medicine from some of the most often manuscripts of traditional Persian medicine. Moreover, we investigated the efficacy of medicinal plants through a search of the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. In the medieval Persian documents, digestible and a small amount of food such as chicken broth, honey, fig and plum at frequent intervals as well as body massage and morning unctioning are highly recommended. In the field of pharmacotherapy, 35 herbs related to 25 families were identified. Plants were classified as tonic, anti-aging, appetizer, memory and mood enhancer, topical analgesic and laxative as well as health improvement agents. Other than historical elucidation, this paper presents medical and pharmacological approaches that medieval Persian practitioners applied to deal with geriatric complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Emami
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad ; Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran ; Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghpour
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad ; Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of PharmacyPharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Research Office for History of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Modulation of Cell Cycle Profile by Chlorella vulgaris Prevents Replicative Senescence of Human Diploid Fibroblasts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:780504. [PMID: 23573154 PMCID: PMC3610352 DOI: 10.1155/2013/780504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) on replicative senescence of human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) were investigated. Hot water extract of CV was used to treat HDFs at passages 6, 15, and 30 which represent young, presenescence, and senescence ages, respectively. The level of DNA damage was determined by comet assay while apoptosis and cell cycle profile were determined using FACSCalibur flow cytometer. Our results showed direct correlation between increased levels of damaged DNA and apoptosis with senescence in untreated HDFs (P < 0.05). Cell cycle profile showed increased population of untreated senescent cells that enter G0/G1 phase while the cell population in S phase decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Treatment with CV however caused a significant reduction in the level of damaged DNA and apoptosis in all age groups of HDFs (P < 0.05). Cell cycle analysis showed that treatment with CV increased significantly the percentage of senescent HDFs in S phase and G2/M phases but decreased the population of cells in G0/G1 phase (P < 0.05). In conclusion, hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris effectively decreased the biomarkers of ageing, indicating its potential as an antiageing compound.
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Augusti KT, Jose R, Sajitha GR, Augustine P. A rethinking on the benefits and drawbacks of common antioxidants and a proposal to look for the antioxidants in allium products as ideal agents: a review. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 27:6-20. [PMID: 23277707 PMCID: PMC3286589 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-011-0146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review article on the beneficial uses of Allium antioxidants tries to give some answers to the recent doubts raised by Singh et al. (Ind J Clin Biochem 25(3):225-243, 2010) against the claim of some researchers that Antioxidants (AOs) are miraculous molecules. Many people still believe that vitamins like A, C and E are the only true AOs that play important role in the corrections of metabolic derangements in life style diseases and hence all their faults are attributed to the failures of AOs as a class. This is quite unfair as there are many other natural AOs that do equal or even better AO action than the vitamins. Such is the case with the Allium S-alkyl sulfoxide aminoacids and their breakdown products viz, the various poly sulfides and their oxides e.g. allicin and ajoene type compounds which trap electrons mainly. It is true that antioxidant vitamins and β-carotene a precursor of Vitamin A bring about problems as prooxidant or as agents that block some metabolic pathways and gene expression. Again the argument that AOs cannot improve the level of antioxidant enzymes like SOD, catalase and glutathione Px is also not universal. Actually allium AOs can even spare the use of antioxidant vitamins in the body and enhance the action of antioxidant enzymes and supply of ATP and other nutrients to the tissues as the former are good vasodialators and promoters of membrane permeability. The use of AOs should be selective and moderate. Allium AOs satisfy the role of ideal AOs based on many of their invivo and invitro actions reported by the author and others. Their metabolits can regenerate them and recycle them for a sufficient time in the body. They have non antioxidant effects also such as antiplatelet, fibrinolytic, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiageing actions etc. Plant derived AOs may be more beneficial and better tolerated in their partially purified forms rather than in their absolutely purified forms as the accompanying principles have some protective and regulatory effects in general. This and other aspects of allium AOs are discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. T. Augusti
- Department of Biochemistry, Kerala University, R-1 Jainagar, Medical College PO, Trivandrum, Kerala 695011 India
| | - Regi Jose
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College Karakonam, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - G. R. Sajitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, K.K.Dist, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Paul Augustine
- Department Surgical Oncology Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011 India
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Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L. fam. Alliaceae) is one of the best-researched, best-selling herbal remedies and is also commonly used for treating various health problems. Garlic is widely known for its biological properties and plays an important role as an antioxidant. The purpose of this review is to gather and summarize all dermatologic-oriented in vitro and in-vivo experiments and clinical trials on garlic preparations. Extensive literatures search was carried out and twenty three studies were included. The results suggest that oral administration of garlic is effective on immunologic properties, cutaneous microcirculation, protection against UVB and cancer treatment. Additionally, topical application of garlic extract can potentially be effective on psoriasis, alopecia areata, keloid scar, wound healing, cutaneous corn, viral and fungal infection, leishmaniasis, skin aging and rejuvenation. Clinical effectiveness of oral and topical garlic extract is not sufficiently and meticulously explored as so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Pazyar
- Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Department of Dermatology, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Feily
- Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Department of Dermatology, Ahvaz, Iran
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Anti-ageing and rejuvenating effects of quercetin. Exp Gerontol 2010; 45:763-71. [PMID: 20619334 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis is a key feature of the cellular lifespan. Its maintenance influences the rate of ageing and it is determined by several factors, including efficient proteolysis. The proteasome is the major cellular proteolytic machinery responsible for the degradation of both normal and damaged proteins. Alterations of proteasome function have been recorded in various biological phenomena including ageing and replicative senescence. Proteasome activities and function are decreased upon replicative senescence, whereas proteasome activation confers enhanced survival against oxidative stress, lifespan extension and maintenance of the young morphology longer in human primary fibroblasts. Several natural compounds possess anti-ageing/anti-oxidant properties. In this study, we have identified quercetin (QUER) and its derivative, namely quercetin caprylate (QU-CAP) as a proteasome activator with anti-oxidant properties that consequently influence cellular lifespan, survival and viability of HFL-1 primary human fibroblasts. Moreover, when these compounds are supplemented to already senescent fibroblasts, a rejuvenating effect is observed. Finally, we show that these compounds promote physiological alterations when applied to cells (i.e. whitening effect). In summary, these data demonstrate the existence of naturally occurring anti-ageing products that can be effectively used through topical application.
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Abstract
Hormesis in aging is represented by mild stress-induced stimulation of protective mechanisms in cells and organisms resulting in biologically beneficial effects. Single or multiple exposure to low doses of otherwise harmful agents, such as irradiation, food limitation, heat stress, hypergravity, reactive oxygen species and other free radicals have a variety of anti-aging and longevity-extending hormetic effects. Detailed molecular mechanisms that bring about the hormetic effects are being increasingly understood, and comprise a cascade of stress response and other pathways of maintenance and repair. Although the extent of immediate hormetic effects after exposure to a particular stress may only be moderate, the chain of events following initial hormesis leads to biologically amplified effects that are much larger, synergistic and pleiotropic. A consequence of hormetic amplification is an increase in the homeodynamic space of a living system in terms of increased defence capacity and reduced load of damaged macromolecules. Hormetic strengthening of the homeodynamic space provides wider margins for metabolic fluctuation, stress tolerance, adaptation and survival. Hormesis thus counter-balances the progressive shrinkage of the homeodynamic space, which is the ultimate cause of aging, diseases and death. Healthy aging may be achieved by hormesis through mild and periodic, but not severe or chronic, physical and mental challenges, and by the use of nutritional hormesis incorporating mild stress-inducing molecules called hormetins. The established scientific foundations of hormesis are ready to pave the way for new and effective approaches in aging research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh I S Rattan
- Laboratory of Cellular Ageing, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus-C, Denmark.
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Katsiki M, Chondrogianni N, Chinou I, Rivett AJ, Gonos ES. The olive constituent oleuropein exhibits proteasome stimulatory properties in vitro and confers life span extension of human embryonic fibroblasts. Rejuvenation Res 2007; 10:157-72. [PMID: 17518699 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2006.0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal human fibroblasts undergo replicative senescence due to both genetic and environmental factors. Senescence and aging can be further accelerated by exposure of cells to a variety of oxidative agents that contribute among other effects to the accumulation of damaged proteins. The proteasome, a multicatalytic nonlysosomal protease, has impaired function during aging, while its increased expression delays senescence in human fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to identify natural compounds that enhance proteasome activity and exhibit antiaging properties. We demonstrate that oleuropein, the major constituent of Olea europea leaf extract, olive oil and olives, enhances the proteasome activities in vitro stronger than other known chemical activators, possibly through conformational changes of the proteasome. Moreover, continuous treatment of early passage human embryonic fibroblasts with oleuropein decreases the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduces the amount of oxidized proteins through increased proteasome-mediated degradation rates and retains proteasome function during replicative senescence. Importantly, oleuropein-treated cultures exhibit a delay in the appearance of senescence morphology and their life span is extended by approximately 15%. In summary, these data demonstrate the beneficial effect of oleuropein on human fibroblasts undergoing replicative senescence and provide new insights towards enhancement of cellular antioxidant mechanisms by natural compounds that can be easily up-taken through normal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Katsiki
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Aging, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
There has been an impressive gain in individual life expectancy with parallel increases in age-related chronic diseases of the cardiovascular, brain and immune systems. These can cause loss of autonomy, dependence and high social costs for individuals and society. It is now accepted that aging and age-related diseases are in part caused by free radical reactions. The arrest of aging and stimulation of rejuvenation of the human body is also being sought. Over the last 20 years the use of herbs and natural products has gained popularity and these are being consumed backed by epidemiological evidence. One such herb is garlic, which has been used throughout the history of civilization for treating a wide variety of ailments associated with aging. The role of garlic in preventing age-related diseases has been investigated extensively over the last 10-15 years. Garlic has strong antioxidant properties and it has been suggested that garlic can prevent cardiovascular disease, inhibit platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, prevent cancer, diseases associated with cerebral aging, arthritis, cataract formation, and rejuvenate skin, improve blood circulation and energy levels. This review provides an insight in to garlic's antioxidant properties and presents evidence that it may either prevent or delay chronic diseases associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Rahman
- School of Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, L3 3AF, Liverpool, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A. Gavrilov
- Center on Aging, NORC/University of Chicago, 1155 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637-2745
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17
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Roberts RA. Anti-ageing Efficacy Screening. Altern Lab Anim 1998. [DOI: 10.1177/026119299802600209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A. Roberts
- Zeneca Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TJ, UK
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Rattan
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Denmark
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