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A Method to Separate Two Main Antioxidants from Lepidium latifolium L. Extracts Using Online Medium Pressure Chromatography Tower and Two-Dimensional Inversion/Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Based on Online HPLC-DPPH Assay. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8120238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radicals, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, mediate oxidative stress to cause many chronic diseases (including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer). The extract of traditional Tibetan medicine Lepidium latifolium L. (L. latifolium) was reported to have free radical inhibition ability. Therefore, a system method was established to separate the ethanol extract of L. latifolium to prepare two main antioxidant compounds. First of all, silica gel and a medium-pressure liquid chromatography tower were used for pre-treatment of the ethanol extract of L. latifolium to obtain the main antioxidant active component fraction 4 through online high-performance liquid chromatography-1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (HPLC-DPPH) assay. Then, fraction 4-1 was obtained by one-dimensional preparation using Megres C18 chromatographic column, and two active compounds with IC50 values 59.9 and 71.3 μg/mL were obtained by two-dimensional preparation using Click XIon chromatographic column. Through the study of the chemical components and separation methods of L. latifolium, the combination of HPLC-DPPH assay and two-dimensional preparative liquid chromatography was realized, providing a reference for the separation of active compounds from L. latifolium.
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Feng Y, Assani I, Wang C, Hou P, Zhao S, Ye H, Li R, Zhang J, Liao Z. A New Aliphatic Ketone, Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activities of
Lepidium latifolium. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Israa Assani
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Chun‐Gu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Pei‐Lei Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Shi‐Feng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Hao‐Jie Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Rui‐Chen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Jin‐Bin Zhang
- Qinghai Kehua Bioengineering Co., Ltd Xining 810000 China
| | - Zhi‐Xin Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
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Angappan R, Devanesan AA, Thilagar S. Diuretic effect of chlorogenic acid from traditional medicinal plant Merremia emarginata (Burm. F.) and its by product hippuric acid. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-018-0088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Conde-Rioll M, Gajate C, Fernández JJ, Villa-Pulgarin JA, Napolitano JG, Norte M, Mollinedo F. Antitumor activity of Lepidium latifolium and identification of the epithionitrile 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane as its major active component. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:347-360. [PMID: 29073716 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of Brassica (Cruciferae) vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of cancer, but identification of the active components and insights into the underlying molecular events are scarce. Here we found that an extract of Lepidium latifolium, a cruciferous plant native to southern Europe, Mediterranean countries and Asia, showed in vitro cytotoxic activity, inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis, in a variety of human tumor cells, and the plant juice showed in vivo antitumor activity in a HT-29 human colon cancer xenograft mouse model. The epithionitrile 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane (CETP) was identified as the major active cancer cell-killing principle of L. latifolium. Synthetic and plant-derived CETP displayed similar proapoptotic activities as assessed by biochemical and morphological analyses. Analysis of the antiproliferative capacity of CETP on a wide number of cancer cell lines from the NCI-60 cell line panel followed by COMPARE analysis, showed an activity profile different from known anticancer agents. Flow cytometry and biochemical analyses revealed that CETP-induced apoptosis involved mitochondria, as assessed by loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and generation of reactive oxygen species, while overexpression of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 prevented CETP-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species by glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine reduced the apoptotic response induced by CETP. FADD dominant negative form, blocking Fas/CD95 signaling, and a specific caspase-8 inhibitor also inhibited CETP-induced killing. Taken together, our data suggest that the cancer cell-killing action of CETP, involving both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways, underlies the antitumor activity of L. latifolium plant, which could be of potential interest in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Conde-Rioll
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Center, Spanish National Research Council/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, Miguel de Unamuno Campus, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Consuelo Gajate
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Center, Spanish National Research Council/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, Miguel de Unamuno Campus, Salamanca, Spain.,Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Biological Research Center/Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José J Fernández
- Institute of Bio-Organic Chemistry "Antonio González", Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Janny A Villa-Pulgarin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Center, Spanish National Research Council/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, Miguel de Unamuno Campus, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José G Napolitano
- Institute of Bio-Organic Chemistry "Antonio González", Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Manuel Norte
- Institute of Bio-Organic Chemistry "Antonio González", Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Center, Spanish National Research Council/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, Miguel de Unamuno Campus, Salamanca, Spain.,Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Biological Research Center/Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Anwar MA, Al Disi SS, Eid AH. Anti-Hypertensive Herbs and Their Mechanisms of Action: Part II. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:50. [PMID: 27014064 PMCID: PMC4782109 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine has a history extending back to thousands of years, and during the intervening time, man has identified the healing properties of a very broad range of plants. Globally, the use of herbal therapies to treat and manage cardiovascular disease (CVD) is on the rise. This is the second part of our comprehensive review where we discuss the mechanisms of plants and herbs used for the treatment and management of high blood pressure. Similar to the first part, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were utilized, and the following keywords and phrases were used as inclusion criteria: hypertension, high blood pressure, herbal medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, endothelial cells, nitric oxide (NO), vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, hydrogen sulfide, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), oxidative stress, and epigenetics/epigenomics. Each of the aforementioned keywords was co-joined with plant or herb in question, and where possible with its constituent molecule(s). This part deals in particular with plants that are used, albeit less frequently, for the treatment and management of hypertension. We then discuss the interplay between herbs/prescription drugs and herbs/epigenetics in the context of this disease. The review then concludes with a recommendation for more rigorous, well-developed clinical trials to concretely determine the beneficial impact of herbs and plants on hypertension and a disease-free living.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akhtar Anwar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara S Al Disi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar UniversityDoha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon
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Choopani R, Ghourchian A, Hajimehdipoor H, Kamalinejad M. Scientific Evaluation of Pharmacological Treatment of Osteoarthritis in the Canon of Medicine. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2015; 21:228-34. [DOI: 10.1177/2156587215599291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common articular disease worldwide. Nonetheless, common osteoarthritis treatments are either not effective or associated with side effects. Now the materials derived from plants have found a relevant place in drug discovery. Until the mid-18th century, osteoarthritis in all medical schools worldwide had been managed as general arthritis. Avicenna, the famous scholar of Iranian traditional medicine has provided a long list of herbs that have been used traditionally to treat arthritis. To gain this worthy list, we searched his most famous medical masterpiece: Canon of Medicine. Some of these materials are investigated and employed by modern medicine. However, it is difficult to ignore that still more of these naturally occurring materials could be of use in modern medicine not only to prevent osteoarthritis progression but also osteoarthritis management as natural anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Choopani
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Ghourchian
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hajimehdipoor
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Materia and Medica Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran , Iran
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Shouk R, Abdou A, Shetty K, Sarkar D, Eid AH. Mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effects of garlic bioactives. Nutr Res 2014; 34:106-15. [PMID: 24461311 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide with hypertension being a major contributing factor to cardiovascular disease-associated mortality. On a population level, non-pharmacological approaches, such as alternative/complementary medicine, including phytochemicals, have the potential to ameliorate cardiovascular risk factors, including high blood pressure. Several epidemiological studies suggest an antihypertensive effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and of many its bioactive components. The aim of this review is to present an in-depth discussion regarding the molecular, biochemical and cellular rationale underlying the antihypertensive properties of garlic and its bioactive constituents with a primary focus on S-allyl cysteine and allicin. Key studies, largely from PubMed, were selected and screened to develop a comprehensive understanding of the specific role of garlic and its bioactive constituents in the management of hypertension. We also reviewed recent advances focusing on the role of garlic bioactives, S-allyl cysteine and allicin, in modulating various parameters implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. These parameters include oxidative stress, nitric oxide bioavailability, hydrogen sulfide production, angiotensin converting enzyme activity, expression of nuclear factor-κB and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. This review suggests that garlic and garlic derived bioactives have significant medicinal properties with the potential for ameliorating hypertension and associated morbidity; however, further clinical and epidemiological studies are required to determine completely the specific physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Shouk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aya Abdou
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA
| | - Dipayan Sarkar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Kaur T, Hussain K, Koul S, Vishwakarma R, Vyas D. Evaluation of nutritional and antioxidant status of Lepidium latifolium Linn.: a novel phytofood from Ladakh. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69112. [PMID: 23936316 PMCID: PMC3732271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lepidium latifolium Linn. (perennial pepperweed) is one of the preferred phytofoods among cold arid region of Ladakh, India and its leaves contribute significantly to people's diet. This study was conducted to determine its nutritive value and antioxidant activity. Plant samples from three different locations were selected in the present study. Results showed that this plant is an excellent source of glucosinolates, notably sinigrin that is present in very high amount (∼70–90%). Its value ranged from 149 to 199 µg per g fresh weight. Fatty acid composition analysis showed that its leaves were abundant in unsaturated fatty acids, specifically linolenic acid (18∶3) whose percentage is about 50%. Higher glucose and crude protein along with higher nitrogen to sulfur ratio, supplements the nutritive value of this plant. Based on total phenol, flavanoids, free radical scavenging activity and DNA protective activity showed that this ecotype of perennial pepperweed contains high antioxidant properties. The percentage inhibition for O2− scavenging activity ranged from 41.3% to 83.9%. Higher content of phenols (26.89 to 50.51 mg gallic acid equivalents per g dry weight) and flavanoids (38.66 to 76.00 mg quercetin equivalents per g dry weight) in leaves could be responsible for the free radical scavenging activity of this plant. Depending upon the location of the plants, variations were observed in different activities. Based on the systematic evaluation in this study, preparations of Lepidium latifolium from Ladakh can be promoted as substitute to dietary requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarandeep Kaur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, India
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, India
| | - Khadim Hussain
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, India
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, India
| | - Sushma Koul
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, India
| | - Ram Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, India
| | - Dhiraj Vyas
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, India
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, India
- * E-mail:
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Bigoniya P, Shukla A, Srivastava B. Hypoglycemic Activity of Lepidium sativum Linn Seed Total Alkaloid on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2012.587.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tabassum N, Ahmad F. Role of natural herbs in the treatment of hypertension. Pharmacogn Rev 2011; 5:30-40. [PMID: 22096316 PMCID: PMC3210006 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.79097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is the medical term for high blood pressure. It is dangerous because it makes the heart work too hard and contributes to atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries), besides increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. HTN can also lead to other conditions such as congestive heart failure, kidney disease, and blindness. Conventional antihypertensives are usually associated with many side effects. About 75 to 80% of the world population use herbal medicines, mainly in developing countries, for primary health care because of their better acceptability with human body and lesser side effects. In the last three decades, a lot of concerted efforts have been channeled into researching the local plants with hypotensive and antihypertensive therapeutic values. The hypotensive and antihypertensive effects of some of these medicinal plants have been validated and others disproved. However, ayurvedic knowledge needs to be coupled with modern medicine and more scientific research needs to be done to verify the effectiveness, and elucidate the safety profile of such herbal remedies for their antihypertensive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahida Tabassum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K-190 006, India
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Wright CI, Van-Buren L, Kroner CI, Koning MMG. Herbal medicines as diuretics: a review of the scientific evidence. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 114:1-31. [PMID: 17804183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the health and wellness benefits of herbs and botanicals. This is with good reason as they might offer a natural safeguard against the development of certain conditions and be a putative treatment for some diseases. One such area may be the lowering of blood pressure in those where it is elevated (i.e., hypertension). One class of clinical medicines used to lower blood pressure are known as diuretics and work by increasing the excretion of urine from the body as well as the amount of sodium in urine. There are a growing number of studies purporting diuretic effects with traditional medicines. The aim of this article was to review these studies and identify which extracts promote diuresis (which we assessed on terms of urine excreted and urinary sodium excretion) and also to identify the research needs in this area. We identified a number of species and genuses reporting diuretic effects. Of these, the most promising, at the present time, are the species Foeniculum vulgare, Fraxinus excelsior, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Petroselinum sativum and Spergularia purpurea, and species from the genuses Cucumis (Cucumis melo and Cucumis trigonus), Equisetum (Equisetum bogotense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum giganteum, Equisetum hiemale var. affine and Equisetum myriochaetum), Lepidium (Lepidium latifolium and Lepidium sativum), Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus amarus, Phyllanthus corcovadensis and Phyllanthus sellowianus) and Sambucus (Sambucus mexicana and Sambucus nigra). However, there the number of studies is limited and we recommend that further studies be conducted to confirm reported effects. Such evidence is needed to provide scientific credence to the folklore use of traditional medicines and even be helpful in the development of future medicines, treatments and treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Wright
- Nutrition, Nutrition and Health Enhancement, Unilever Food and Health Research Institute, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, PO Box 114, 3130 AC, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
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. EE. A Review of Medicinal Plants with Hypotensive or Antihypertensive Effects. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2006.894.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Mangione AM, Dearing MD, Karasov WH. Creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) resin increases water demands and reduces energy availability in desert woodrats (Neotoma lepida). J Chem Ecol 2005; 30:1409-29. [PMID: 15503528 DOI: 10.1023/b:joec.0000037748.19927.a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although many plant secondary compounds are known to have serious consequences for herbivores, the costs of processing them are generally unknown. Two potential costs of ingestion and detoxification of secondary compounds are elevation of the minimum drinking water requirement and excretion of energetically expensive metabolites (i.e., glucuronides) in the urine. To address these impacts, we studied the costs of ingestion of resin from creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) on desert woodrats (Neotoma lepida). The following hypotheses were tested: ingestion of creosote resin by woodrats (1) increases minimum water requirement and (2) reduces energy available by increasing fecal and urinary energy losses. We tested the first hypothesis, by measuring the minimum water requirement of woodrats fed a control diet with and without creosote resin. Drinking water was given in decreasing amounts until woodrats could no longer maintain constant body mass. In two separate experiments, the minimum drinking water requirement of woodrats fed resin was higher than that of controls by 18-30% (about 1-1.7 ml/d). We tested several potential mechanisms of increased water loss associated with the increase in water requirement. The rate of fecal water loss was higher in woodrats consuming resin. Neither urinary water nor evaporative water loss was affected by ingestion of resin. Hypothesis 2 was tested by measuring energy fluxes of woodrats consuming control vs. resin-treated diets. Woodrats on a resin diet had higher urinary energy losses and, thus, metabolized a lower proportion of the dietary energy than did woodrats on control diet. Fecal energy excretion was not affected by resin. The excretion of glucuronic acid represented almost half of the energy lost as a consequence of resin ingestion. The increased water requirement and energy losses of woodrats consuming a diet with resin could have notable ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M Mangione
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
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Romanezi da Silveira R, Foglio MA, Gontijo JAR. Effect of the crude extract of Vernonia polyanthes Less. on blood pressure and renal sodium excretion in unanesthetized rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 10:127-131. [PMID: 12725565 DOI: 10.1078/094471103321659825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of oral crude Vernonia polyanthes Less. hydroalcoholic extract administration (CHE, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg body wt., daily for 7 days) on arterial blood pressure and renal sodium excretion in conscious rats. CHE administration decreased arterial blood pressure dose-dependently followed by a significant rise in creatinine clearance and a fall in fractional post-proximal sodium excretion was compared to the control group. These results suggest that blood pressure decrease induced by the oral crude Vernonia hydroalcoholic extract may be blunted by reduction of the post-proximal renal sodium excretion. Thus, the present study shows that Vernonia extract is a potential vasodilatation agent in normotensive rats without any effects on renal tubule autoregulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Romanezi da Silveira
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório Balanço Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Blanco E, Macía MJ, Morales R. Medicinal and veterinary plants of El Caurel (Galicia, northwest Spain). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 1999; 65:113-24. [PMID: 10465651 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A study of the medicinal and veterinary plants popularly used in El Caurel region (Lugo province, northwest Spain) and their relationships is reported. We obtained data for 85 species belonging to 31 families of vascular plants. Their vernacular names, properties, preparations, mode and popular uses are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Blanco
- Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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