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Abdellatef SA, Bard F, Nakanishi J. Photoactivatable substrates show diverse phenotypes of leader cells in collective migration when moving along different extracellular matrix proteins. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3446-3457. [PMID: 38832531 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00225c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In cancer metastasis, collectively migrating clusters are discriminated into leader and follower cells that move through extracellular matrices (ECMs) with different characteristics. The impact of changes in ECM protein types on leader cells and migrating clusters is unknown. To address this, we investigated the response of leader cells and migrating clusters upon moving from one ECM protein to another using a photoactivatable substrate bearing photocleavable PEG (PCP), whose surface changes from protein-repellent to protein-adhesive in response to light. We chose laminin and collagen I for our study since they are abundant in two distinct regions in living tissues, namely basement membrane and connective tissue. Using the photoactivatable substrates, the precise deposition of the first ECM protein in the irradiated areas was achieved, followed by creating well-defined cellular confinements. Secondary irradiation enabled the deposition of the second ECM protein in the new irradiated regions, resulting in region-selective heterogeneous and homogenous ECM protein-coated surfaces. Different tendencies in leader cell formation from laminin into laminin compared to those migrating from laminin into collagen were observed. The formation of focal adhesion and actin structures for cells within the same cluster in the ECM proteins responded according to the underlying ECM protein type. Finally, integrin β1 was crucial for the appearance of leader cells for clusters migrating from laminin into collagen. However, when it came to laminin into laminin, integrin β1 was not responsible. This highlights the correlation between leader cells in collective migration and the biochemical signals that arise from underlying extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Abdellatef
- Mechanobiology group, Research Centre for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Francesca Bard
- Mechanobiology group, Research Centre for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jun Nakanishi
- Mechanobiology group, Research Centre for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.
- Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo University of Science, advanced Graduate School of Engineering Materials Innovation Engineering, Japan
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2
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Narayanan G, Halim A, Hu A, Avin KG, Lu T, Zehnder D, Hato T, Chen NX, Moe SM, Lim K. Molecular Phenotyping and Mechanisms of Myocardial Fibrosis in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease. KIDNEY360 2023; 4:1562-1579. [PMID: 37858297 PMCID: PMC10695648 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Key Points Myocardial fibrosis in hearts from patients with CKD is characterized by increased trimeric tensile collagen type I and decreased elastic collagen type III compared with hearts from hypertensive or healthy donors, suggesting a unique fibrotic phenotype. Myocardial fibrosis in CKD is driven by alterations in extracellular matrix proteostasis, including dysregulation of metalloproteinases and cross-linking enzymes. CKD-associated mineral stressors uniquely induce a fibronectin-independent mechanism of fibrillogenesis characterized by formation of trimeric collagen compared with proinflammatory/fibrotic cytokines. Background Myocardial fibrosis is a major life-limiting problem in CKD. Despite this, the molecular phenotype and metabolism of collagen fibrillogenesis in fibrotic hearts of patients with advanced CKD have been largely unstudied. Methods We analyzed explanted human left ventricular (LV) heart tissues in a three-arm cross-sectional cohort study of deceased donor patients on hemodialysis (HD, n =18), hypertension with preserved renal function (HTN, n =8), and healthy controls (CON, n =17), ex vivo . RNA-seq and protein analysis was performed on human donor hearts and cardiac fibroblasts treated with mineral stressors (high phosphate and high calcium). Further mechanistic studies were performed using primary cardiac fibroblasts, in vitro treated with mineral stressors, proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines. Results Of the 43 donor participants, there was no difference in age (P > 0.2), sex (P > 0.8), or body mass index (P > 0.1) between the groups. Hearts from the HD group had extensive fibrosis (P < 0.01). All LV tissues expressed only the trimeric form of collagen type I. HD hearts expressed increased collagen type I (P < 0.03), elevated collagen type I:III ratio (P < 0.05), and decreased MMP1 (P < 0.05) and MMP2 (P < 0.05). RNA-seq revealed no significant differential gene expression of extracellular matrix proteins of interest in HD hearts, but there was significant upregulation of LH2, periostin, α -SMA, and TGF-β 1 gene expression in mineral stressor–treated cardiac fibroblasts. Both mineral stressors (P < 0.009) and cytokines (P < 0.03) increased collagen type I:III ratio. Mineral stressors induced trimeric collagen type I, but cytokine treatment induced only dimeric collagen type I in cardiac fibroblasts. Mineral stressors downregulated fibronectin (P < 0.03) and MMP2 zymogen (P < 0.01) but did not significantly affect expression of periostin, MMP1, or cross-linking enzymes. TGF-β upregulated fibronectin (P < 0.01) and periostin (P < 0.02) only. Conclusions Myocardial fibrosis in advanced CKD hearts is characterized by increased trimeric collagen type I and dysregulated collagen metabolism, and is differentially regulated by components of uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Narayanan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Arvin Halim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Alvin Hu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Health Ball Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Keith G. Avin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tzongshi Lu
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Zehnder
- Department of Nephrology and Department of Acute Medicine, North Cumbria University Hospital NHS Trust, Carlisle, United Kingdom
| | - Takashi Hato
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Neal X. Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sharon M. Moe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Andersen S, Reese-Petersen AL, Braams N, Andersen MJ, Mellemkjær S, Andersen A, Bogaard HJ, Genovese F, Nielsen-Kudsk JE. Biomarkers of collagen turnover and wound healing in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients before and after pulmonary endarterectomy. Int J Cardiol 2023; 384:82-88. [PMID: 37178803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), fibrotic remodeling of tissue and thrombi contributes to disease progression. Removal of the thromboembolic mass by pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) improves hemodynamics and right ventricular function, but the roles of different collagens before as well as after PEA are not well understood. METHODS In this study, hemodynamics and 15 different biomarkers of collagen turnover and wound healing were evaluated in 40 CTEPH patients at diagnosis (baseline) and 6 and 18 months after PEA. Baseline biomarker levels were compared with a historical cohort of 40 healthy subjects. RESULTS Biomarkers of collagen turnover and wound healing were increased in CTEPH patients compared with healthy controls, including a 35-fold increase in the PRO-C4 marker of type IV collagen formation and a 55-fold increase in the C3M marker of type III collagen degradation. PEA reduced pulmonary pressures to almost normal levels 6 months after the procedure, with no further improvement at 18 months. There were no changes in any of the measured biomarkers after PEA. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of collagen formation and degradation are increased in CTEPH suggesting a high collagen turnover. While PEA effectively reduces pulmonary pressures, collagen turnover is not significantly modified by surgical PEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | | | - Natalia Braams
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Asger Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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Modeling Reduced Contractility and Stiffness Using iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes Generated From Female Becker Muscular Dystrophy Carrier. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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5
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Exploring the Role of Obesity in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Based on Bio-informatics Analysis. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9120462. [PMID: 36547458 PMCID: PMC9783214 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9120462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), contributing to increasing global disease burdens. Apart from heart failure, coronary artery disease, and arrhythmia, recent research has found that obesity also elevates the risk of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The main purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying biological role of obesity in increasing the risk of DCM. (2) Methods: The datasets GSE120895, GSE19303, and GSE2508 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using GSE120895 for DCM and GSE2508 for obesity, and the findings were compiled to discover the common genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted for the common genes in RStudio. In addition, CIBERSORT was used to obtain the immune cellular composition from DEGs. The key genes were identified in the set of common genes by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm, the prognostic risk models of which were verified by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves in GSE19303. Finally, Spearman's correlation was used to explore the connections between key genes and immune cells. (3) Results: GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that the main enriched terms of the common genes were transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), fibrillar collagen, NADPH oxidase activity, and multiple hormone-related signaling pathways. Both obesity and DCM had a disordered immune environment, especially obesity. The key genes NOX4, CCDC80, COL1A2, HTRA1, and KLHL29 may be primarily responsible for the changes. Spearman's correlation analysis performed for key genes and immune cells indicated that KLHL29 closely correlated to T cells and M2 macrophages, and HTRA1 very tightly correlated to plasma cells. (4) Conclusions: Bio-informatics analyses performed for DCM and obesity in our study suggested that obesity disturbed the immune micro-environment, promoted oxidative stress, and increased myocardial fibrosis, resulting in ventricular remodeling and an increased risk of DCM. The key genes KLHL29 and HTRA1 may play critical roles in obesity-related DCM.
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Metabolomic Profiling of End-Stage Heart Failure Secondary to Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810456. [PMID: 36142367 PMCID: PMC9499603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is the most frequent and severe clinical form of chronic Chagas disease, representing one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Latin America, and a growing global public health problem. There is currently no approved treatment for CCC; however, omics technologies have enabled significant progress to be made in the search for new therapeutic targets. The metabolic alterations associated with pathogenic mechanisms of CCC and their relationship to cellular and immunopathogenic processes in cardiac tissue remain largely unknown. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate the potential underlying pathogenic mechanisms in the failing myocardium of patients with end-stage heart failure (ESHF) secondary to CCC by applying an untargeted metabolomic profiling approach. Cardiac tissue samples from the left ventricle of patients with ESHF of CCC etiology (n = 7) and healthy donors (n = 7) were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolite profiles showed altered branched-chain amino acid and acylcarnitine levels, decreased fatty acid uptake and oxidation, increased activity of the pentose phosphate pathway, dysregulation of the TCA cycle, and alterations in critical cellular antioxidant systems. These findings suggest processes of energy deficit, alterations in substrate availability, and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species in the affected myocardium. This profile potentially contributes to the development and maintenance of a chronic inflammatory state that leads to progression and severity of CCC. Further studies involving larger sample sizes and comparisons with heart failure patients without CCC are needed to validate these results, opening an avenue to investigate new therapeutic approaches for the treatment and prevention of progression of this unique and severe cardiomyopathy.
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Remodeling and Fibrosis of the Cardiac Muscle in the Course of Obesity-Pathogenesis and Involvement of the Extracellular Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084195. [PMID: 35457013 PMCID: PMC9032681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemiological problem, as two-thirds of the adult population are carrying excess weight. It is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarct, and atrial fibrillation). It has also been shown that chronic obesity in people may be a cause for the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), whose components include cellular hypertrophy, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and increased extracellular collagen deposition. Several animal models with induced obesity, via the administration of a high-fat diet, also developed increased heart fibrosis as a result of extracellular collagen accumulation. Excessive collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the course of obesity may increase the stiffness of the myocardium and thereby deteriorate the heart diastolic function and facilitate the occurrence of HFpEF. In this review, we include a rationale for that process, including a discussion about possible putative factors (such as increased renin–angiotensin–aldosterone activity, sympathetic overdrive, hemodynamic alterations, hypoadiponectinemia, hyperleptinemia, and concomitant heart diseases). To address the topic clearly, we include a description of the fundamentals of ECM turnover, as well as a summary of studies assessing collagen deposition in obese individuals.
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8
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The Application of Autopsy and Explanted Heart Samples in Scientific Research. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022; 59:107424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2022.107424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Regulation of collagen deposition in the trout heart during thermal acclimation. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:99-108. [PMID: 35243359 PMCID: PMC8857596 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The passive mechanical properties of the vertebrate heart are controlled in part by the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Changes in the ECM, caused by increased blood pressure, injury or disease can affect the capacity of the heart to fill with blood during diastole. In mammalian species, cardiac fibrosis caused by an increase in collagen in the ECM, leads to a loss of heart function and these changes in composition are considered to be permanent. Recent work has demonstrated that the cardiac ventricle of some fish species have the capacity to both increase and decrease collagen content in response to thermal acclimation. It is thought that these changes in collagen content help maintain ventricle function over seasonal changes in environmental temperatures. This current work reviews the cellular mechanisms responsible for regulating collagen deposition in the mammalian heart and proposes a cellular pathway by which a change in temperature can affect the collagen content of the fish ventricle through mechanotransduction. This work specifically focuses on the role of transforming growth factor β1, MAPK signaling pathways, and biomechanical stretch in regulating collagen content in the fish ventricle. It is hoped that this work increases the appreciation of the use of comparative models to gain insight into phenomenon with biomedical relevance.
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Mitogen-activated protein kinases contribute to temperature-induced cardiac remodelling in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Comp Physiol B 2021; 192:61-76. [PMID: 34586481 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) live in environments where water temperatures range between 4 °C and 20 °C. Laboratory studies demonstrate that cold and warm acclimations of male trout can have oppositional effects on cardiac hypertrophy and the collagen content of the heart. The cellular mechanisms behind temperature-induced cardiac remodelling are unclear, as is why this response differs between male and female fish. Studies with cultured trout cardiac fibroblasts suggests that collagen deposition is regulated, at least in part, by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell signalling pathways. We, therefore, hypothesized that temperature-dependent cardiac remodelling is regulated by these signalling pathways. To test this, male and female trout were acclimated to 18 °C (warm) in the summer and to 4 °C (cold) in the winter and the activation of MAPK pathways in the hearts were characterized and compared to that of control fish maintained at 12 °C. In addition, cardiac collagen content, cardiac morphology and the expression of gene transcripts for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -9, MMP-2, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases and collagen 1α were characterized. p38 MAPK phosphorylation increased in the hearts of female fish with cold acclimation and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase increased in the hearts of male fish with warm acclimation. However, there was no effect of thermal acclimation on cardiac morphology or collagen content in either male or female fish. These results indicate that thermal acclimation has transient and sex-specific effects on the phosphorylation of MAPKs but also how variable the response of the trout heart is to thermal acclimation.
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Wittig C, Szulcek R. Extracellular Matrix Protein Ratios in the Human Heart and Vessels: How to Distinguish Pathological From Physiological Changes? Front Physiol 2021; 12:708656. [PMID: 34421650 PMCID: PMC8371527 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.708656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular pathology is often accompanied by changes in relative content and/or ratios of structural extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins within the heart and elastic vessels. Three of these proteins, collagen-I, collagen-III, and elastin, make up the bulk of the ECM proteins in these tissues, forming a microenvironment that strongly dictates the tissue biomechanical properties and effectiveness of cardiac and vascular function. In this review, we aim to elucidate how the ratios of collagen-I to collagen-III and elastin to collagen are altered in cardiovascular diseases and the aged individuum. We elaborate on these major cardiovascular ECM proteins in terms of structure, tissue localization, turnover, and physiological function and address how their ratios change in aging, dilated cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease with myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, aortic aneurysms, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. To the end of guiding in vitro modeling approaches, we focus our review on the human heart and aorta, discuss limitations in ECM protein quantification methodology, examine comparability between studies, and highlight potential in vitro applications. In summary, we found collagen-I relative concentration to increase or stay the same in cardiovascular disease, resulting in a tendency for increased collagen-I/collagen-III and decreased elastin/collagen ratios. These ratios were found to fall on a continuous scale with ranges defining distinct pathological states as well as a significant difference between the human heart and aortic ECM protein ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Wittig
- Laboratory of in vitro Modeling Systems of Pulmonary Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Szulcek
- Laboratory of in vitro Modeling Systems of Pulmonary Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Tie H, Welp H, Martens S, Seiler M, Albers P, Mueller KM, Li Z, Martens S. Impact of cardiac fibrosis and collagens on right ventricular failure and acute kidney injury in patients after continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021; 33:969-977. [PMID: 34252191 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivab180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to investigate the impact of cardiac fibrosis and collagens on right ventricular failure (RVF) and acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients receiving continuous flow left ventricular assist devices. METHODS Heart tissues from 34 patients were obtained from continuous flow left ventricular assist device insertion sites and corresponding clinical data were collected. The participants were divided into 2 groups according to the extent of the cardiac fibrosis or collagens. RESULTS Overall, 18 patients developed RVF with 14 receiving right ventricular assist device (RVAD), and 22 patients developed AKI with 12 needing new-onset renal replacement therapy. Higher collagen I (Col1) was significantly associated with increased incidences of RVF (76.5% vs 29.4%, P = 0.015), RVAD support (64.7% vs 17.6%, P = 0.013) and stage 3 AKI (58.8% vs 17.6%, P = 0.032), and patients with higher Col1 were more prone to renal replacement therapy (52.9% vs 17.6%, P = 0.071). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that Col1 had good predictive effects on RVF [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.806, P = 0.002], RVAD support (AUC = 0.789, P = 0.005), stage 3 AKI (AUC = 0.740, P = 0.020) and renal replacement therapy (AUC = 0.731, P = 0.028) after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device. Moreover, patients with higher Col1 had significantly longer postoperative duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of intensive care unit stay and hospital length of stay (all P < 0.05). Cardiac fibrosis, collagen III (Col3) and Col1/Col3 shared similar results or trends with Col1. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac fibrosis and related collagens in the apical left ventricular tissue are associated with increased risks of RVF, RVAD use and worse renal function. Further study is warranted owing to the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Tie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Henryk Welp
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sven Martens
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Martina Seiler
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Petra Albers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Mueller
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Zhenhan Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sabrina Martens
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Cellular pathology of the human heart in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD): lessons learned from in vitro modeling. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1099-1115. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Sugita S, Suzumura T, Nakamura A, Tsukiji S, Ujihara Y, Nakamura M. Second harmonic generation light quantifies the ratio of type III to total (I + III) collagen in a bundle of collagen fiber. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11874. [PMID: 34088955 PMCID: PMC8178339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ratio of type III to type I collagen is important for properly maintaining functions of organs and cells. We propose a method to quantify the ratio of type III to total (type I + III) collagen (λIII) in a given collagen fiber bundle using second harmonic generation (SHG) light. First, the relationship between SHG light intensity and the λIII of collagen gels was examined, and the slope (k1) and SHG light intensity at 0% type III collagen (k2) were determined. Second, the SHG light intensity of a 100% type I collagen fiber bundle and its diameter (D) were measured, and the slope (k3) of the relationship was determined. The λIII in a collagen fiber bundle was estimated from these constants (k1-3) and SHG light intensity. We applied this method to collagen fiber bundles isolated from the media and adventitia of porcine thoracic aortas, and obtained λIII = 84.7% ± 13.8% and λIII = 17.5% ± 15.2%, respectively. These values concurred with those obtained with a typical quantification method using sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The findings demonstrated that the method proposed is useful to quantify the ratio of type III to total collagen in a collagen fiber bundle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukei Sugita
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan. .,Center of Biomedical Physics and Information Technology, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Takuya Suzumura
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Tsukiji
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ujihara
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.,Center of Biomedical Physics and Information Technology, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
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Díez J, González A, Kovacic JC. Myocardial Interstitial Fibrosis in Nonischemic Heart Disease, Part 3/4: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:2204-2218. [PMID: 32354386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial interstitial fibrosis (MIF) is a histological hallmark of several cardiac diseases that alter myocardial architecture and function and are associated with progression to heart failure. MIF is a diffuse and patchy process, appearing as a combination of interstitial microscars, perivascular collagen fiber deposition, and increased thickness of mysial collagen strands. Although MIF arises mainly because of alterations in fibrillar collagen turnover leading to collagen fiber accumulation, there are also alterations in other nonfibrillar extracellular matrix components, such as fibronectin and matricellular proteins. Furthermore, in addition to an excess of collagen, qualitative changes in collagen fibers also contribute to the detrimental impact of MIF. In this part 3 of a 4-part JACC Focus Seminar, we review the evidence on the complex mechanisms leading to MIF, as well as its contribution to systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction and impaired clinical outcomes in patients with nonischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Nephrology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
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Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis, the expansion of the cardiac interstitium through deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, is a common pathophysiologic companion of many different myocardial conditions. Fibrosis may reflect activation of reparative or maladaptive processes. Activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the central cellular effectors in cardiac fibrosis, serving as the main source of matrix proteins. Immune cells, vascular cells and cardiomyocytes may also acquire a fibrogenic phenotype under conditions of stress, activating fibroblast populations. Fibrogenic growth factors (such as transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factors), cytokines [including tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4], and neurohumoral pathways trigger fibrogenic signalling cascades through binding to surface receptors, and activation of downstream signalling cascades. In addition, matricellular macromolecules are deposited in the remodelling myocardium and regulate matrix assembly, while modulating signal transduction cascades and protease or growth factor activity. Cardiac fibroblasts can also sense mechanical stress through mechanosensitive receptors, ion channels and integrins, activating intracellular fibrogenic cascades that contribute to fibrosis in response to pressure overload. Although subpopulations of fibroblast-like cells may exert important protective actions in both reparative and interstitial/perivascular fibrosis, ultimately fibrotic changes perturb systolic and diastolic function, and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias. This review article discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis in various myocardial diseases, including myocardial infarction, heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction, genetic cardiomyopathies, and diabetic heart disease. Development of fibrosis-targeting therapies for patients with myocardial diseases will require not only understanding of the functional pluralism of cardiac fibroblasts and dissection of the molecular basis for fibrotic remodelling, but also appreciation of the pathophysiologic heterogeneity of fibrosis-associated myocardial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Mastikhina O, Moon BU, Williams K, Hatkar R, Gustafson D, Mourad O, Sun X, Koo M, Lam AYL, Sun Y, Fish JE, Young EWK, Nunes SS. Human cardiac fibrosis-on-a-chip model recapitulates disease hallmarks and can serve as a platform for drug testing. Biomaterials 2019; 233:119741. [PMID: 31927251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
While interstitial fibrosis plays a significant role in heart failure, our understanding of disease progression in humans is limited. To address this limitation, we have engineered a cardiac-fibrosis-on-a-chip model consisting of a microfabricated device with live force measurement capabilities using co-cultured human cardiac fibroblasts and pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Transforming growth factor-β was used as a trigger for fibrosis. Here, we have reproduced the classic hallmarks of fibrosis-induced heart failure including high collagen deposition, increased tissue stiffness, BNP secretion, and passive tension. Force of contraction was significantly decreased in fibrotic tissues that displayed a transcriptomic signature consistent with human cardiac fibrosis/heart failure. Treatment with an anti-fibrotic drug decreased tissue stiffness and BNP secretion, with corresponding changes in the transcriptomic signature. This model represents an accessible approach to study human heart failure in vitro, and allows for testing anti-fibrotic drugs while facilitating the real-time assessment of cardiomyocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olya Mastikhina
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Byeong-Ui Moon
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kenneth Williams
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rupal Hatkar
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Dakota Gustafson
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Omar Mourad
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xuetao Sun
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Margaret Koo
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alan Y L Lam
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason E Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Edmond W K Young
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sara S Nunes
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Strong V, Moittié S, Sheppard MN, Liptovszky M, White K, Redrobe S, Cobb M, Baiker K. Idiopathic Myocardial Fibrosis in Captive Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes). Vet Pathol 2019; 57:183-191. [PMID: 31640487 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819879442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders and predominantly idiopathic myocardial fibrosis are frequently associated with mortality among zoo-housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Formalin-fixed whole hearts of deceased chimpanzees housed in zoos (n = 33) and an African sanctuary (n = 2) underwent detailed macroscopic and histopathologic examination using a standardized protocol. Archived histological slides from the hearts of 23 additional African sanctuary-housed chimpanzees were also examined. Myocardial fibrosis (MF) was identified in 30 of 33 (91%) of the zoo-housed chimpanzees but none of the 25 sanctuary-housed chimpanzees. MF was shown to be characterized by both interstitial and replacement fibrosis. Immunophenotyping demonstrated that the fibrotic lesions were accompanied by the increased presence of macrophages, alpha smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts, and a minimal to mild T-cell-dominant leukocyte infiltration. There was no convincing evidence of cardiotropic viral infection or suggestion that diabetes mellitus or vitamin E or selenium deficiency were associated with the presence of the lesion. However, serum vitamin D concentrations among zoo-housed chimpanzees were found to be lower in seasons of low ultraviolet light levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Strong
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK.,Twycross Zoo, Atherstone, UK
| | - Sophie Moittié
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK.,Twycross Zoo, Atherstone, UK
| | - Mary N Sheppard
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, St George's Medical School, London, UK
| | | | - Kate White
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
| | | | - Malcolm Cobb
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Kerstin Baiker
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
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Feng J, Armillei MK, Yu AS, Liang BT, Runnels LW, Yue L. Ca 2+ Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts and Fibrosis-Associated Heart Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:E34. [PMID: 31547577 PMCID: PMC6956282 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins by cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and is a hallmark feature of most heart diseases, including arrhythmia, hypertrophy, and heart failure. This maladaptive process occurs in response to a variety of stimuli, including myocardial injury, inflammation, and mechanical overload. There are multiple signaling pathways and various cell types that influence the fibrogenesis cascade. Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are central effectors. Although it is clear that Ca2+ signaling plays a vital role in this pathological process, what contributes to Ca2+ signaling in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts is still not wholly understood, chiefly because of the large and diverse number of receptors, transporters, and ion channels that influence intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Intracellular Ca2+ signals are generated by Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores and by Ca2+ entry through a multitude of Ca2+-permeable ion channels in the plasma membrane. Over the past decade, the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have emerged as one of the most important families of ion channels mediating Ca2+ signaling in cardiac fibroblasts. TRP channels are a superfamily of non-voltage-gated, Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channels. Their ability to respond to various stimulating cues makes TRP channels effective sensors of the many different pathophysiological events that stimulate cardiac fibrogenesis. This review focuses on the mechanisms of Ca2+ signaling in fibroblast differentiation and fibrosis-associated heart diseases and will highlight recent advances in the understanding of the roles that TRP and other Ca2+-permeable channels play in cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Feng
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Maria K Armillei
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Albert S Yu
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Bruce T Liang
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Loren W Runnels
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Lixia Yue
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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Sárközy M, Gáspár R, Zvara Á, Kiscsatári L, Varga Z, Kővári B, Kovács MG, Szűcs G, Fábián G, Diószegi P, Cserni G, Puskás LG, Thum T, Kahán Z, Csont T, Bátkai S. Selective Heart Irradiation Induces Cardiac Overexpression of the Pro-hypertrophic miR-212. Front Oncol 2019; 9:598. [PMID: 31380269 PMCID: PMC6646706 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A deleterious, late-onset side effect of thoracic radiotherapy is the development of radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). It covers a spectrum of cardiac pathology including also heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and diastolic dysfunction. MicroRNA-212 (miR-212) is a crucial regulator of pathologic LVH via FOXO3-mediated pathways in pressure-overload-induced heart failure. We aimed to investigate whether miR-212 and its selected hypertrophy-associated targets play a role in the development of RIHD. Methods: RIHD was induced by selective heart irradiation (50 Gy) in a clinically relevant rat model. One, three, and nineteen weeks after selective heart irradiation, transthoracic echocardiography was performed to monitor cardiac morphology and function. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis were assessed by histology at week 19. qRT-PCR was performed to measure the gene expression changes of miR-212 and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) in all follow-up time points. The cardiac transcript level of other selected hypertrophy-associated targets of miR-212 including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), myocyte enhancer factor 2a (MEF2a), AMP-activated protein kinase, (AMPK), heat shock protein 40 (HSP40), sirtuin 1, (SIRT1), calcineurin A-alpha and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were also measured at week 19. Cardiac expression of FOXO3 and phospho-FOXO3 were investigated at the protein level by Western blot at week 19. Results: In RIHD, diastolic dysfunction was present at every time point. Septal hypertrophy developed at week 3 and a marked LVH with interstitial fibrosis developed at week 19 in the irradiated hearts. In RIHD, cardiac miR-212 was overexpressed at week 3 and 19, and FOXO3 was repressed at the mRNA level only at week 19. In contrast, the total FOXO3 protein level failed to decrease in response to heart irradiation at week 19. Other selected hypertrophy-associated target genes failed to change at the mRNA level in RIHD at week 19. Conclusions: LVH in RIHD was associated with cardiac overexpression of miR-212. However, miR-212 seems to play a role in the development of LVH via FOXO3-independent mechanisms in RIHD. As a central regulator of pathologic remodeling, miR-212 might become a novel target for RIHD-induced LVH and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Sárközy
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Gáspár
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Zvara
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laura Kiscsatári
- Department of Oncotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Department of Oncotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bence Kővári
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika G Kovács
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergő Szűcs
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Fábián
- Department of Oncotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Diószegi
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G Puskás
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Kahán
- Department of Oncotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Bátkai
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Kisling A, Lust RM, Katwa LC. What is the role of peptide fragments of collagen I and IV in health and disease? Life Sci 2019; 228:30-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
The ECM (extracellular matrix) network plays a crucial role in cardiac homeostasis, not only by providing structural support, but also by facilitating force transmission, and by transducing key signals to cardiomyocytes, vascular cells, and interstitial cells. Changes in the profile and biochemistry of the ECM may be critically implicated in the pathogenesis of both heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The patterns of molecular and biochemical ECM alterations in failing hearts are dependent on the type of underlying injury. Pressure overload triggers early activation of a matrix-synthetic program in cardiac fibroblasts, inducing myofibroblast conversion, and stimulating synthesis of both structural and matricellular ECM proteins. Expansion of the cardiac ECM may increase myocardial stiffness promoting diastolic dysfunction. Cardiomyocytes, vascular cells and immune cells, activated through mechanosensitive pathways or neurohumoral mediators may play a critical role in fibroblast activation through secretion of cytokines and growth factors. Sustained pressure overload leads to dilative remodeling and systolic dysfunction that may be mediated by changes in the interstitial protease/antiprotease balance. On the other hand, ischemic injury causes dynamic changes in the cardiac ECM that contribute to regulation of inflammation and repair and may mediate adverse cardiac remodeling. In other pathophysiologic conditions, such as volume overload, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, the cell biological effectors mediating ECM remodeling are poorly understood and the molecular links between the primary insult and the changes in the matrix environment are unknown. This review article discusses the role of ECM macromolecules in heart failure, focusing on both structural ECM proteins (such as fibrillar and nonfibrillar collagens), and specialized injury-associated matrix macromolecules (such as fibronectin and matricellular proteins). Understanding the role of the ECM in heart failure may identify therapeutic targets to reduce geometric remodeling, to attenuate cardiomyocyte dysfunction, and even to promote myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- From the Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Antoniou CK, Manolakou P, Magkas N, Konstantinou K, Chrysohoou C, Dilaveris P, Gatzoulis KA, Tousoulis D. Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy and Cellular Bioenergetics: Effects Beyond Chamber Mechanics. Eur Cardiol 2019; 14:33-44. [PMID: 31131035 PMCID: PMC6523053 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2019.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of advanced dyssynchronous heart failure. However, despite its widespread clinical application, precise mechanisms through which it exerts its beneficial effects remain elusive. Several studies have pointed to a metabolic component suggesting that, both in concert with alterations in chamber mechanics and independently of them, resynchronisation reverses detrimental changes to cellular metabolism, increasing energy efficiency and metabolic reserve. These actions could partially account for the existence of responders that improve functionally but not echocardiographically. This article will attempt to summarise key components of cardiomyocyte metabolism in health and heart failure, with a focus on the dyssynchronous variant. Both chamber mechanics-related and -unrelated pathways of resynchronisation effects on bioenergetics – stemming from the ultramicroscopic level – and a possible common underlying mechanism relating mechanosensing to metabolism through the cytoskeleton will be presented. Improved insights regarding the cellular and molecular effects of resynchronisation on bioenergetics will promote our understanding of non-response, optimal device programming and lead to better patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiota Manolakou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Magkas
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Konstantinou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Polychronis Dilaveris
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A Gatzoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
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Type III collagen (COL3A1): Gene and protein structure, tissue distribution, and associated diseases. Gene 2019; 707:151-171. [PMID: 31075413 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Collagen alpha-1(III) chain, also known as the alpha 1 chain of type III collagen, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL3A1 gene. Three alpha 1 chains are required to form the type III collagen molecule which has a long triple-helical domain. Type III collagen, an extracellular matrix protein, is synthesized by cells as a pre-procollagen. It is found as a major structural component in hollow organs such as large blood vessels, uterus and bowel. Other functions of type III collagen include interaction with platelets in the blood clotting cascade and it is also an important signaling molecule in wound healing. Mutations in the COL3A1 gene cause the vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS; OMIM 130050). It is the most serious form of EDS, since patients often die suddenly due to a rupture of large arteries. Inactivation of the murine Col3a1 gene leads to a shorter life span in homozygous mutant mice. The mice die prematurely from a rupture of major arteries mimicking the human vEDS phenotype. The biochemical and cellular effects of COL3A1 mutations have been studied extensively. Most of the glycine mutations lead to the synthesis of type III collagen with reduced thermal stability, which is more susceptible for proteinases. Intracellular accumulation of this normally secreted protein is also found. Ultrastructural analyses have demonstrated dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and changes in the diameter of collagen fibers. Other clinical conditions associated with type III collagen are several types of fibroses in which increased amounts of type III collagen accumulate in the target organs.
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Li Y, Wang L, Dong Z, Wang S, Qi L, Cho K, Zhang Z, Li N, Hu Y, Jiang B. Cardioprotection of salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rg1 combination on subacute myocardial infarction and the underlying mechanism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:255-261. [PMID: 30797987 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following myocardial infarction (MI), a series of structural and functional changes evolves in the myocardium, collectively defined as cardiac remodeling. PURPOSE The aim of present study was to investigate the cardioprotection of salvianolicacid B (SalB) and ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) combination against cardiac remodeling in a rat model at the subacute phase of MI and further elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS Rat heart was exposed via a left thoracotomy at the fourth intercostal space and MI was induced by a ligature below the left descending coronary artery. Hemodynamic assay was conducted using a Mikro-tipped SPR-320 catheter which was inserted through the right carotid artery into left ventricle.Myocardial infarct size was detected using 3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain and picric sirius red stain were conducted for histopathological detection. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and gelatin zymography was used to evaluate the activities of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). RESULTS Comparing with MI rats, 30 mg/kg SalB-Rg1 improved cardiac function verified by maximum rate of pressure development for contraction (+dp/dtmax, p < 0.01) and maximum rate of pressure development for relaxation (-dp/dtmax, p < 0.05); reduced myocardial infarct size (p < 0.05) verified by TTC staining, improved cardiac structure based on HE stain; decreased collagen volume fraction (p < 0.05) and collagen I/III ratio (p < 0.05) according picrosirius red staining. The underlying mechanism of SalB-Rg1 against cardiac remodeling was associated with its down-regulation on α-SMA expression according immunohistochemistry (p < 0.01) and inhibition on MMP-9 activity based on in-gel zymography (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION All above study indicated the potential therapeutic effects of SalB-Rg1 on heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhihui Dong
- Departments of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shiying Wang
- Agricultural University of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Lili Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Agricultural University of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Kenka Cho
- Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Hanayashiki-Midorigaoka, Takarazuka City 6660162, Japan
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Na Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yurong Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Baohong Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Oliveira‐Junior SA, Dal Pai M, Guizoni DM, Torres BP, Martinez PF, Campos DHS, Okoshi MP, Okoshi K, Padovani CR, Cicogna AC. Effects of AT1 receptor antagonism on interstitial and ultrastructural remodeling of heart in response to a hypercaloric diet. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13964. [PMID: 30592176 PMCID: PMC6308213 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Palatable hypercaloric feeding has been associated with angiotensin-II type 1 receptor (AT1R) stimulation and cardiac remodeling. This study analyzed whether AT1R antagonism attenuates cardiac remodeling in rats subjected to a palatable hypercaloric diet. Male Wistar-Kyoto rats were subjected to a commercial standard rat chow (CD) or a palatable hypercaloric diet (HD) for 35 weeks and then allocated into four groups: CD, CL, HD, and HL; L groups received losartan in drinking water (30 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks. Body weight, adiposity, and glycemia were evaluated. The cardiovascular study included echocardiography, and myocardial morphometric and ultrastructural evaluation. Myocardial collagen isoforms Type I and III were analyzed by Western blot. Both HD and HL had higher adiposity than their respective controls. Cardiomyocyte cross-sectional-area (CD 285 ± 49; HD 344 ± 91; CL 327 ± 49; HL 303 ± 49 μm2 ) and interstitial collagen fractional area were significantly higher in HD than CD and unchanged by losartan. HD showed marked ultrastructural alterations such as myofilament loss, and severe mitochondrial swelling. CL presented higher Type I collagen expression when compared to CD and HL groups. The ultrastructural changes and type I collagen expression were attenuated by losartan in HL. Losartan attenuates systolic dysfunction and ultrastructural abnormalities without changing myocardial interstitial remodeling in rats subjected to a palatable hypercaloric diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio A. Oliveira‐Junior
- School of Physical TherapyFederal University of Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeMato Grosso do SulBrazil
| | - Maeli Dal Pai
- Botucatu Biosciences InstituteUniv. Estadual PaulistaUNESPBotucatuSão PauloBrazil
| | - Daniele M. Guizoni
- Internal Medicine DepartmentBotucatu Medical SchoolUniv. Estadual PaulistaUNESPBotucatuSão PauloBrazil
| | - Barbara P. Torres
- Botucatu Biosciences InstituteUniv. Estadual PaulistaUNESPBotucatuSão PauloBrazil
| | - Paula F. Martinez
- School of Physical TherapyFederal University of Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeMato Grosso do SulBrazil
| | - Dijon H. S. Campos
- Internal Medicine DepartmentBotucatu Medical SchoolUniv. Estadual PaulistaUNESPBotucatuSão PauloBrazil
| | - Marina P. Okoshi
- Internal Medicine DepartmentBotucatu Medical SchoolUniv. Estadual PaulistaUNESPBotucatuSão PauloBrazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Internal Medicine DepartmentBotucatu Medical SchoolUniv. Estadual PaulistaUNESPBotucatuSão PauloBrazil
| | - Carlos R. Padovani
- Botucatu Biosciences InstituteUniv. Estadual PaulistaUNESPBotucatuSão PauloBrazil
| | - Antonio C. Cicogna
- Internal Medicine DepartmentBotucatu Medical SchoolUniv. Estadual PaulistaUNESPBotucatuSão PauloBrazil
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Wiśniowska-Śmiałek S, Dziewięcka E, Holcman K, Wypasek E, Khachatryan L, Karabinowska A, Szymonowicz M, Leśniak-Sobelga A, Hlawaty M, Kostkiewicz M, Podolec P, Rubiś P. Kinetics of selected serum markers of fibrosis in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and different grades of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. Cardiol J 2018; 27:726-734. [PMID: 30484268 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2018.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is common and compromises both systolic and diastolic function. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of ECM fibrosis markers over a 12 month follow-up in patients with DCM based on the severity of diastolic dysfunction (DD). METHODS Seventy consecutive DCM patients (48 ± 12.1 years, ejection fraction 24.4 ± 7.4%) were included in the study. The grade of DD was determined using the ASE/EACVI algorithm. Markers of ECM fibrosis were measured at baseline and at 3 and 12 month follow-ups: collagen type I and III (PICP, PINP, PIIICP, PIIINP), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF1-b), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and galectin-3 were measured. RESULTS Patients were divided into three groups according to DD severity: 30 patients with grade I, 18 with grade II and 22 with grade III of DD. Levels of PICP, PINP were increased over a 12-month period, while PIIINP decreased and PIIICP unchanged. Levels of TGF1-b decreased from the 3 to the 12-month points in grade I and II DD, and in grade III they remained unchanged. Levels of CTGF decreased over 12 months in grade III DD but were unchanged in grades I and II. Galectin-3 levels remained the same over all observation periods, irrespective of DD grade. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the DD grade, markers of collagen type I synthesis increased, markers of collagen type III decreased. Levels of TGF and CTGF had a tendency to decrease. Galectin-3 was revealed not to be a marker discriminating the severity of DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Wiśniowska-Śmiałek
- Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland, ul.Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Dziewięcka
- Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland, ul.Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Holcman
- Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland, ul.Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Cracow, Poland
| | - Ewa Wypasek
- Department of Molecular Biology, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland, ul. Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Cracow, Poland
| | - Lusine Khachatryan
- Jagiellonian University, Medical Collage, Krakow, Poland, ul. Św. Anny 12, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Karabinowska
- Jagiellonian University, Medical Collage, Krakow, Poland, ul. Św. Anny 12, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Maria Szymonowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Medical Collage, Krakow, Poland, ul. Św. Anny 12, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agata Leśniak-Sobelga
- Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland, ul.Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marta Hlawaty
- Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland, ul.Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kostkiewicz
- Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland, ul.Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Podolec
- Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland, ul.Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Cracow, Poland
| | - Paweł Rubiś
- Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland, ul.Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Cracow, Poland
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28
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Rouet‐Benzineb P, Merval R, Polidano E. Effects of hypoestrogenism and/or hyperaldosteronism on myocardial remodeling in female mice. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13912. [PMID: 30430766 PMCID: PMC6236131 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential adverse effects of hyperaldosteronism and/or hypoestrogenism on cardiac phenotype, and examined their combined effects in female mice overexpressing cardiac aldosterone synthase (AS). We focused on some signaling cascades challenging defensive responses to adapt and/or to survive in the face of double deleterious stresses, such as Ca2+ -homeostasis, pro/anti-hypertrophic, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), pro- or anti-apoptotic effectors, and MAP kinase activation, and redox signaling. These protein expressions were assessed by immunoblotting at 9 weeks after surgery. Female wild type (FWT) and FAS mice were fed with phytoestrogen-free diet; underwent ovariectomy (Ovx) or sham-operation (Sham). Ovx increased gain weight and hypertrophy index. Transthoracic echocardiograghy was performed. Both Ovx-induced heart rate decrease and fractional shortening increase were associated with collagen type III shift. Cardiac estrogen receptor (ERα, ERβ) protein expression levels were downregulated in Ovx mice. Hypoestrogenism increased plasma aldosterone and MR protein expression in FAS mice. Both aldosterone and Ovx played as mirror effects on up and downstream signaling effectors of calcium/redox homeostasis, apoptosis, such as concomitant CaMKII activation and calcineurin down-regulation, MAP kinase inhibition (ERK1/2, p38 MAPK) and Akt activation. The ratio Bcl2/Bax is in favor to promote cell survivor. Finally, myocardium had dynamically orchestrated multiple signaling cascades to restore tolerance to hostile environment thereby contributing to a better maintenance of Ca2+ /redox homeostasis. Ovx-induced collagen type III isoform shift and its upregulation may be important for the biomechanical transduction of the heart and the recovery of cardiac function in FAS mice. OVX antagonized aldosterone signaling pathways.
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McKown EN, DeAguero JL, Canan BD, Kilic A, Zhu Y, Janssen PM, Delfín DA. Impaired adhesion of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells (iPSC-CPCs) to isolated extracellular matrix from failing hearts. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00870. [PMID: 30364772 PMCID: PMC6197956 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells (iPSC-CPCs) are less able to adhere to the extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from failing human hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy compared to nonfailing human heart ECM. We also hypothesized that morphological development, cell beating rates, and mRNA levels of Nkx2.5 and cardiac troponin T would be altered after culturing the iPSC-CPCs on the failing heart ECM under cardiomyocyte differentiation conditions. We used microscopy to distinguish between adhered and unadhered cells, and to determine morphological development and cell beating. We used qPCR to determine mRNA levels. iPSC-CPCs show a significantly reduced ability to adhere to the ECM of failing hearts and higher expression of Nkx2.5 mRNA. However, morphological development, cell beating rates, and cardiac troponin T levels were not significantly altered in the cells cultured on the failing heart ECM. Our study shows that the failing heart ECM from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy impairs initial iPSC-CPC adhesion and may have a modest effect on the ability of the cells to transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N. McKown
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Joshua L. DeAguero
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Canan
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and the Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, 200 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ahmet Kilic
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Surgery and the Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, Richard M. Ross Heart Hospital, 452 West 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yiliang Zhu
- The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Paul M.L. Janssen
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and the Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, 200 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dawn A. Delfín
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Corresponding author.
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30
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Alex L, Russo I, Holoborodko V, Frangogiannis NG. Characterization of a mouse model of obesity-related fibrotic cardiomyopathy that recapitulates features of human heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H934-H949. [PMID: 30004258 PMCID: PMC6230908 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00238.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is caused, or exacerbated by, a wide range of extracardiac conditions. Diabetes, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction are associated with a unique HFpEF phenotype, characterized by inflammation, cardiac fibrosis, and microvascular dysfunction. Development of new therapies for HFpEF is hampered by the absence of reliable animal models. The leptin-resistant db/ db mouse has been extensively studied as a model of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy; however, data on the functional and morphological alterations in db/ db hearts are conflicting. In the present study, we report a systematic characterization of the cardiac phenotype in db/ db mice, focusing on the time course of functional and histopathological alterations and on the identification of sex-specific cellular events. Although both male and female db/ db mice developed severe obesity, increased adiposity, and hyperglycemia, female mice had more impressive weight gain and exhibited a modest but significant increase in blood pressure. db/ db mice had hypertrophic ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction; the increase in left ventricular mass was accentuated in female mice. Histological analysis showed that both male and female db/ db mice had cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, associated with marked thickening of the perimysial collagen, and expansion of the periarteriolar collagen network, in the absence of replacement fibrosis. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that fibrotic changes in db/ db hearts were associated with increased collagen synthesis by cardiac fibroblasts, in the absence of periostin, α-smooth muscle actin, or fibroblast activation protein overexpression. Male db/ db mice exhibited microvascular rarefaction. In conclusion, the db/ db mouse model recapitulates functional and histological features of human HFpEF associated with metabolic dysfunction. Development of fibrosis in db/ db hearts, in the absence of myofibroblast conversion, suggests that metabolic dysfunction may activate an alternative profibrotic pathway associated with accentuated extracellular matrix protein synthesis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide a systematic analysis of the sex-specific functional and structural myocardial alterations in db/ db mice. Obese diabetic C57BL6J db/ db mice exhibit diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction, associated with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, interstitial/perivascular fibrosis, and microvascular rarefaction, thus recapitulating aspects of human obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Myocardial fibrosis in db/ db mice is associated with a matrix-producing fibroblast phenotype, in the absence of myofibroblast conversion, suggesting an alternative mechanism of activation.
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MESH Headings
- Adiposity
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Echocardiography, Doppler
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Humans
- Hypertension/etiology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Sex Factors
- Stroke Volume
- Time Factors
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Alex
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ilaria Russo
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Volodymir Holoborodko
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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31
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Frangogiannis NG. Cardiac fibrosis: Cell biological mechanisms, molecular pathways and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:70-99. [PMID: 30056242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic companion of most myocardial diseases, and is associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmogenesis, and adverse outcome. Because the adult mammalian heart has negligible regenerative capacity, death of a large number of cardiomyocytes results in reparative fibrosis, a process that is critical for preservation of the structural integrity of the infarcted ventricle. On the other hand, pathophysiologic stimuli, such as pressure overload, volume overload, metabolic dysfunction, and aging may cause interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in the absence of infarction. Activated myofibroblasts are the main effector cells in cardiac fibrosis; their expansion following myocardial injury is primarily driven through activation of resident interstitial cell populations. Several other cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells may contribute to the fibrotic process, by producing proteases that participate in matrix metabolism, by secreting fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins, or by exerting contact-dependent actions on fibroblast phenotype. The mechanisms of induction of fibrogenic signals are dependent on the type of primary myocardial injury. Activation of neurohumoral pathways stimulates fibroblasts both directly, and through effects on immune cell populations. Cytokines and growth factors, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10, chemokines, members of the Transforming Growth Factor-β family, IL-11, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factors are secreted in the cardiac interstitium and play distinct roles in activating specific aspects of the fibrotic response. Secreted fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins bind to cell surface receptors in fibroblasts, such as cytokine receptors, integrins, syndecans and CD44, and transduce intracellular signaling cascades that regulate genes involved in synthesis, processing and metabolism of the extracellular matrix. Endogenous pathways involved in negative regulation of fibrosis are critical for cardiac repair and may protect the myocardium from excessive fibrogenic responses. Due to the reparative nature of many forms of cardiac fibrosis, targeting fibrotic remodeling following myocardial injury poses major challenges. Development of effective therapies will require careful dissection of the cell biological mechanisms, study of the functional consequences of fibrotic changes on the myocardium, and identification of heart failure patient subsets with overactive fibrotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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32
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Uchinaka A, Yoshida M, Tanaka K, Hamada Y, Mori S, Maeno Y, Miyagawa S, Sawa Y, Nagata K, Yamamoto H, Kawaguchi N. Overexpression of collagen type III in injured myocardium prevents cardiac systolic dysfunction by changing the balance of collagen distribution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:217-226.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Nemavhola F. Fibrotic infarction on the LV free wall may alter the mechanics of healthy septal wall during passive filling. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:579-599. [PMID: 29171965 DOI: 10.3233/bme-171698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of myocardial infarction on the global functioning of the heart is well known. Less is understood regarding the effect of LV fibrotic infarction on the cardiac mechanics of the septal wall. To determine this unknown, the stress and strain of septal wall on the healthy and infarcted rat heart model is measured by using finite element models of rat heart geometries. The main objective of this study was to utilized computational methods to study the effect of LV free wall fibrotic infarction on the healthy septal wall. Three-dimensional biventricular rat heart geometries were developed from cardiac magnetic resonance images of a healthy heart and a heart with left ventricular (LV) fibrotic infarction after infarct induction. From these geometries, FE models were established. Three-dimensional biventricular rat heart geometries developed from cardiac magnetic resonance images were used in creating FE models of healthy and infarcted rat hearts. The average radial strain percentage change of the healthy septal wall on the epicardium, mid-wall and endocardium was 61%, 52% and 14% higher than the infarcted septal wall, respectively. It was concluded that the fibrotic infarction has a potential cause the malfunction of the heart due to high myocardial stress and strain that the septal wall experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulufhelo Nemavhola
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710, South Africa. Tel.: +27 (0)11 471 2765; Fax: +27 (0)11 471 2963; E-mail:
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34
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Feingold B, Picarsic J, Lesniak A, Popp BA, Wood-Trageser MA, Demetris AJ. Late graft dysfunction after pediatric heart transplantation is associated with fibrosis and microvasculopathy by automated, digital whole-slide analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017; 36:1336-1343. [PMID: 29055602 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histopathologic features of late graft dysfunction (LGD) in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) after pediatric heart transplantation (HT) have been incompletely described and rarely quantified. We employed automated, morphometric analysis of whole-slide EMB images to objectively quantify fibrosis and microvasculopathy after pediatric HT. METHODS Nine recipients with clinical LGD were matched with controls on age, listing diagnosis, crossmatch and time since HT. Fibrosis was quantified as percent tissue area with fibrosis and capillary density as capillaries per unit area, number of capillary "neighbors" within 30 μm of each myocyte and myocyte-to-nearest-capillary diffusion distance. Clinical data, including all EMB reports, were also reviewed. RESULTS The groups were well matched for age at HT (median 4.0 vs 3.1 years), listing diagnosis (50% congenital heart disease for each), positive crossmatch (11% each) and days post-HT (2,628 vs 2,894, p = 0.69). Despite a similar number of previous EMBs (median 23 each, p = 0.43), areas occupied by fibrosis were greater in LGD cases (44.5% vs 23.2%, p = 0.012). Capillary number/area data were not statistically different between LGD cases and controls (378/mm2 vs 559/mm2, p = 0.57), but LGD cases more commonly had zero capillary neighbors (35% vs 20%, p = 0.02) and greater myocyte-to-nearest-capillary distances (27.1 μm vs 18.7 μm, p = 0.005). Cumulative rejection history correlated with fibrosis (r = 0.49, p = 0.039) and myocyte-to-nearest-capillary distance (r = 0.5, p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS LGD after pediatric HT is associated with previous rejection and characterized histologically by fibrosis and microvasculopathy, which are not readily appreciated by traditional semi-quantitative EMB analysis. Software-assisted EMB analysis may enable greater pathophysiologic understanding of LGD and identification of targets for future study and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Feingold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Jennifer Picarsic
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Lesniak
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Transplant Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin A Popp
- Division of Transplant Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle A Wood-Trageser
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Transplant Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony J Demetris
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Transplant Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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35
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Rouf R, MacFarlane EG, Takimoto E, Chaudhary R, Nagpal V, Rainer PP, Bindman JG, Gerber EE, Bedja D, Schiefer C, Miller KL, Zhu G, Myers L, Amat-Alarcon N, Lee DI, Koitabashi N, Judge DP, Kass DA, Dietz HC. Nonmyocyte ERK1/2 signaling contributes to load-induced cardiomyopathy in Marfan mice. JCI Insight 2017; 2:91588. [PMID: 28768908 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Among children with the most severe presentation of Marfan syndrome (MFS), an inherited disorder of connective tissue caused by a deficiency of extracellular fibrillin-1, heart failure is the leading cause of death. Here, we show that, while MFS mice (Fbn1C1039G/+ mice) typically have normal cardiac function, pressure overload (PO) induces an acute and severe dilated cardiomyopathy in association with fibrosis and myocyte enlargement. Failing MFS hearts show high expression of TGF-β ligands, with increased TGF-β signaling in both nonmyocytes and myocytes; pathologic ERK activation is restricted to the nonmyocyte compartment. Informatively, TGF-β, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), or ERK antagonism (with neutralizing antibody, losartan, or MEK inhibitor, respectively) prevents load-induced cardiac decompensation in MFS mice, despite persistent PO. In situ analyses revealed an unanticipated axis of activation in nonmyocytes, with AT1R-dependent ERK activation driving TGF-β ligand expression that culminates in both autocrine and paracrine overdrive of TGF-β signaling. The full compensation seen in wild-type mice exposed to mild PO correlates with enhanced deposition of extracellular fibrillin-1. Taken together, these data suggest that fibrillin-1 contributes to cardiac reserve in the face of hemodynamic stress, critically implicate nonmyocytes in disease pathogenesis, and validate ERK as a therapeutic target in MFS-related cardiac decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Rouf
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Elena Gallo MacFarlane
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Varun Nagpal
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jay G Bindman
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Gerber
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Loretha Myers
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Dong I Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Harry C Dietz
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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36
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Roura S, Gálvez-Montón C, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Valero AG, Gastelurrutia P, Revuelta-López E, Prat-Vidal C, Soler-Botija C, Llucià-Valldeperas A, Perea-Gil I, Iborra-Egea O, Borràs FE, Lupón J, Llorente-Cortés V, Bayes-Genis A. Extracellular vesicles do not contribute to higher circulating levels of soluble LRP1 in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3000-3009. [PMID: 28557183 PMCID: PMC5661250 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is a frequent cause of heart transplantation. Potentially valuable blood markers are being sought, and low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1) has been linked to the underlying molecular basis of the disease. This study compared circulating levels of soluble LRP1 (sLRP1) in IDCM patients and healthy controls and elucidated whether sLRP1 is exported out of the myocardium through extracellular vesicles (EVs) to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. LRP1 α chain expression was analysed in samples collected from the left ventricles of explanted hearts using immunohistochemistry. sLRP1 concentrations were determined in platelet‐free plasma by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma‐derived EVs were extracted by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and cryo‐transmission electron microscopy. The distributions of vesicular (CD9, CD81) and myocardial (caveolin‐3) proteins and LRP1 α chain were assessed in SEC fractions by flow cytometry. LRP1 α chain was preferably localized to blood vessels in IDCM compared to control myocardium. Circulating sLRP1 was increased in IDCM patients. CD9‐ and CD81‐positive fractions enriched with membrane vesicles with the expected size and morphology were isolated from both groups. The LRP1 α chain was not present in these SEC fractions, which were also positive for caveolin‐3. The increase in circulating sLRP1 in IDCM patients may be clinically valuable. Although EVs do not contribute to higher sLRP1 levels in IDCM, a comprehensive analysis of EV content would provide further insights into the search for novel blood markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Roura
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Gálvez-Montón
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Gámez Valero
- Innovation in Vesicles and Cells for Application in Therapy Group, IGTP, Badalona, Spain
| | - Paloma Gastelurrutia
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Revuelta-López
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat-Vidal
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Soler-Botija
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Llucià-Valldeperas
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Isaac Perea-Gil
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Oriol Iborra-Egea
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Francesc E Borràs
- Innovation in Vesicles and Cells for Application in Therapy Group, IGTP, Badalona, Spain.,Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Josep Lupón
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Service, HUGTiP, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Service, HUGTiP, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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Liu JC, Wang F, Xie ML, Cheng ZQ, Qin Q, Chen L, Chen R. Osthole inhibits the expressions of collagen I and III through Smad signaling pathway after treatment with TGF-β1 in mouse cardiac fibroblasts. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228:388-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Deddens JC, Sadeghi AH, Hjortnaes J, van Laake LW, Buijsrogge M, Doevendans PA, Khademhosseini A, Sluijter JPG. Modeling the Human Scarred Heart In Vitro: Toward New Tissue Engineered Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 27906521 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is critical for effective tissue healing, however, excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix components contribute to scarring and failing of the heart. Despite the fact that novel therapies have emerged, there are still no lifelong solutions for this problem. An urgent need exists to improve the understanding of adverse cardiac remodeling in order to develop new therapeutic interventions that will prevent, reverse, or regenerate the fibrotic changes in the failing heart. With recent advances in both disease biology and cardiac tissue engineering, the translation of fundamental laboratory research toward the treatment of chronic heart failure patients becomes a more realistic option. Here, the current understanding of cardiac fibrosis and the great potential of tissue engineering are presented. Approaches using hydrogel-based tissue engineered heart constructs are discussed to contemplate key challenges for modeling tissue engineered cardiac fibrosis and to provide a future outlook for preclinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine C. Deddens
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN); 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Amir Hossein Sadeghi
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Division Heart and Lungs; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Division Heart and Lungs; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Linda W. van Laake
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marc Buijsrogge
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Division Heart and Lungs; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN); 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Harvard University; Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Physics; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21569 Saudi Arabia
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN); 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CT Utrecht The Netherlands
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39
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Relationship of long-term prognosis to MMP and TIMP polymorphisms in patients after ST elevation myocardial infarction. J Appl Genet 2017; 58:331-341. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-016-0388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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40
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Keen AN, Klaiman JM, Shiels HA, Gillis TE. Temperature-induced cardiac remodelling in fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 220:147-160. [PMID: 27852752 PMCID: PMC5278617 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.128496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermal acclimation causes the heart of some fish species to undergo significant remodelling. This includes changes in electrical activity, energy utilization and structural properties at the gross and molecular level of organization. The purpose of this Review is to summarize the current state of knowledge of temperature-induced structural remodelling in the fish ventricle across different levels of biological organization, and to examine how such changes result in the modification of the functional properties of the heart. The structural remodelling response is thought to be responsible for changes in cardiac stiffness, the Ca2+ sensitivity of force generation and the rate of force generation by the heart. Such changes to both active and passive properties help to compensate for the loss of cardiac function caused by a decrease in physiological temperature. Hence, temperature-induced cardiac remodelling is common in fish that remain active following seasonal decreases in temperature. This Review is organized around the ventricular phases of the cardiac cycle – specifically diastolic filling, isovolumic pressure generation and ejection – so that the consequences of remodelling can be fully described. We also compare the thermal acclimation-associated modifications of the fish ventricle with those seen in the mammalian ventricle in response to cardiac pathologies and exercise. Finally, we consider how the plasticity of the fish heart may be relevant to survival in a climate change context, where seasonal temperature changes could become more extreme and variable. Summary: Thermal acclimation of some temperate fishes causes extensive remodelling of the heart. The resultant changes to the active and passive properties of the heart represent a highly integrated phenotypic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Keen
- Division of Cardiovascular Science, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Jordan M Klaiman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Science, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Todd E Gillis
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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41
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Golob MJ, Wang Z, Prostrollo AJ, Hacker TA, Chesler NC. Limiting collagen turnover via collagenase-resistance attenuates right ventricular dysfunction and fibrosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/11/e12815. [PMID: 27252252 PMCID: PMC4908492 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe form of pulmonary hypertension in which right ventricular (RV) afterload is increased and death typically occurs due to decompensated RV hypertrophy and failure. Collagen accumulation has been implicated in pulmonary artery remodeling, but how it affects RV performance remains unclear. Here, we sought to identify the role of collagen turnover, defined as the balance between collagen synthesis and degradation, in RV structure and function in PAH. To do so, we exposed mutant (Col1a1R/R) mice, in which collagen type I degradation is impaired such that collagen turnover is reduced, and wild‐type (Col1a1+/+) littermates to 14 days of chronic hypoxia combined with SUGEN treatment (HySu) to recapitulate characteristics of clinical PAH. RV structure and function were measured by echocardiography, RV catheterization, and histology. Despite comparable increases in RV systolic pressure (Col1a1+/+: 46 ± 2 mmHg; Col1a1R/R: 47 ± 3 mmHg), the impaired collagen degradation in Col1a1R/R mice resulted in no RV collagen accumulation, limited RV hypertrophy, and maintained right ventricular‐pulmonary vascular coupling with HySu exposure. The preservation of cardiac function in the mutant mice indicates a beneficial role of limited collagen turnover via impaired degradation in RV remodeling in response to chronic pressure overload. Our results suggest novel treatments that reduce collagen turnover may offer a new therapeutic strategy for PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Golob
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Anthony J Prostrollo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Department of Medicine, Medical Science Center University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Naomi C Chesler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin
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42
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Sinha SK, Bhagat K, Asif M, Singh K, Sachan M, Mishra V, Afdaali N, Jha MJ, Kumar A, Singh S, Sinha R, Khanra D, Thakur R, Varma CM, Krishna V, Pandey U. Fragmented QRS as a Marker of Electrical Dyssynchrony to Predict Inter-Ventricular Conduction Defect by Subsequent Echocardiographic Assessment in Symptomatic Patients of Non-Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Cardiol Res 2016; 7:140-145. [PMID: 28197282 PMCID: PMC5295578 DOI: 10.14740/cr495w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony frequently occurs in patients with heart failure (HF). QRS ≥ 120 ms is a surrogate marker of electrical dyssynchrony, which occurs in only 30% of HF patients. In contrary, in those with normal QRS (nQRS) duration, LV dyssynchrony has been reported in 20-50%. This study was carried out to investigate the role of fragmented QRS (fQRS) on the surface electrocardiography (ECG) as a marker of electrical dyssynchrony to predict the presence of significant intraventricular dyssynchrony (IVD) by subsequent echocardiographic assessment. Methods A total of 226 consecutive patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy were assessed for fQRS on surface ECG as defined by presence of an additional R wave (R prime), notching in nadir of the S wave, notching of R wave, or the presence of more than one R prime (fragmentation) in two contiguous leads corresponding to a major myocardial segment. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) was performed in the apical views (four-chamber, two-chamber and long-axis) to analyze all 12 segments at both basal and middle levels. Time-to-peak myocardial sustained systolic (Ts) velocities were calculated. Significant systolic IVD was defined as Ts-SD > 32.6 ms as known as “Yu index”. Result Of the total patients, 112 had fQRS (49.5%), while 114 had nQRS (50.5%) with male dominance (M/F = 71:29). Majority of patients were in NYHA class II (n = 122, 54%) followed by class III (n = 83; 37%), and class IV (n = 21; 9%). There were no significant differences among both groups for baseline parameters except higher QRS duration (102.42 ± 14.05 vs. 91.10 ± 13.75 ms; P = 0.001), higher Yu index (35.64 ± 12.79 vs. 20.45 ± 11.17; P = 0.01) and number of patients with positive Yu index (78.6% vs. 21.1%; P = 0.04) in group with fQRS compared with group with nQRS. fQRS complexes had 84.61% sensitivity and 80.32% specificity with positive predictive value of 78.6% and negative predictive value of 85.9% to detect IVD. On detailed segmental analysis for fQRS distribution, inferior segment had maximum (37%), followed by anterior (23%), lateral (19%), inferior and lateral (11%), anterior and inferior (8%), and anterior and lateral (2%). Among 104 patients with significant dyssynchrony, 88 patients (84.6%) had fQRS in the dyssynchronic segment. Conclusion Fragmentation of QRS complex is an important predictor of electro-mechanical dyssynchrony. It is also helpful in localizing the dyssynchronous segment. In future, larger studies may be carried out to investigate the role of fQRS as a predictor of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in this subgroup of HF patients with narrow QRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Sinha
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Kush Bhagat
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Mohammad Asif
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Karandeep Singh
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Mohit Sachan
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Vikas Mishra
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Nasar Afdaali
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Mukesh Jitendra Jha
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Shravan Singh
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Rupesh Sinha
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Dibbendhu Khanra
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Ramesh Thakur
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Chandra Mohan Varma
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Vinay Krishna
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Umeshwar Pandey
- Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
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Louzao-Martinez L, Vink A, Harakalova M, Asselbergs FW, Verhaar MC, Cheng C. Characteristic adaptations of the extracellular matrix in dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:634-46. [PMID: 27391006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a relatively common heart muscle disease characterized by the dilation and thinning of the left ventricle accompanied with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Myocardial fibrosis is a major feature in DCM and therefore it is inevitable that corresponding extracellular matrix (ECM) changes are involved in DCM onset and progression. Increasing our understanding of how ECM adaptations are involved in DCM could be important for the development of future interventions. This review article discusses the molecular adaptations in ECM composition and structure that have been reported in both animal and human studies of DCM. Furthermore, we provide a transcriptome-based catalogue of ECM genes that are associated with DCM, generated by using NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database sets for DCM. Based on this in silico analysis, many novel ECM components involved in DCM are identified and discussed in this review. With the information gathered, we propose putative pathways of ECM adaptations in onset and progression of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Louzao-Martinez
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aryan Vink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Netherlands Heart Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Netherlands Heart Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Division of Experimental Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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44
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Stephenson MK, Lenihan S, Covarrubias R, Huttinger RM, Gumina RJ, Sawyer DB, Galindo CL. Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27340841 DOI: 10.3791/54005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a component of all forms of heart disease regardless of etiology, and while much progress has been made in the field of cardiac matrix biology, there are still major gaps related to how the matrix is formed, how physiological and pathological remodeling differ, and most importantly how matrix dynamics might be manipulated to promote healing and inhibit fibrosis. There is currently no treatment option for controlling, preventing, or reversing cardiac fibrosis. Part of the reason is likely the sheer complexity of cardiac scar formation, such as occurs after myocardial infarction to immediately replace dead or dying cardiomyocytes. The extracellular matrix itself participates in remodeling by activating resident cells and also by helping to guide infiltrating cells to the defunct lesion. The matrix is also a storage locker of sorts for matricellular proteins that are crucial to normal matrix turnover, as well as fibrotic signaling. The matrix has additionally been demonstrated to play an electromechanical role in cardiac tissue. Most techniques for assessing fibrosis are not qualitative in nature, but rather provide quantitative results that are useful for comparing two groups but that do not provide information related to the underlying matrix structure. Highlighted here is a technique for visualizing cardiac matrix ultrastructure. Scanning electron microscopy of decellularized heart tissue reveals striking differences in structure that might otherwise be missed using traditional quantitative research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Stephenson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Sean Lenihan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Roman Covarrubias
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Ryan M Huttinger
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | - Cristi L Galindo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center;
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45
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Elamparithi A, Punnoose AM, Paul SFD, Kuruvilla S. Gelatin electrospun nanofibrous matrices for cardiac tissue engineering applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1180616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Elamparithi
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - Alan M. Punnoose
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - Solomon F. D. Paul
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - Sarah Kuruvilla
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, Chennai, India
- Department of Pathology, The Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India
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46
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Pellman J, Zhang J, Sheikh F. Myocyte-fibroblast communication in cardiac fibrosis and arrhythmias: Mechanisms and model systems. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 94:22-31. [PMID: 26996756 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of cardiac fibrosis and arrhythmias is controlled by the activity of and communication between cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts in the heart. Myocyte-fibroblast interactions occur via both direct and indirect means including paracrine mediators, extracellular matrix interactions, electrical modulators, mechanical junctions, and membrane nanotubes. In the diseased heart, cardiomyocyte and fibroblast ratios and activity, and thus myocyte-fibroblast interactions, change and are thought to contribute to the course of disease including development of fibrosis and arrhythmogenic activity. Fibroblasts have a developing role in modulating cardiomyocyte electrical and hypertrophic activity, however gaps in knowledge regarding these interactions still exist. Research in this field has necessitated the development of unique approaches to isolate and control myocyte-fibroblast interactions. Numerous methods for 2D and 3D co-culture systems have been developed, while a growing part of this field is in the use of better tools for in vivo systems including cardiomyocyte and fibroblast specific Cre mouse lines for cell type specific genetic ablation. This review will focus on (i) mechanisms of myocyte-fibroblast communication and their effects on disease features such as cardiac fibrosis and arrhythmias as well as (ii) methods being used and currently developed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Pellman
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Farah Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Vergaro G, Prud’homme M, Fazal L, Merval R, Passino C, Emdin M, Samuel JL, Cohen Solal A, Delcayre C. Inhibition of Galectin-3 Pathway Prevents Isoproterenol-Induced Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Fibrosis in Mice. Hypertension 2016; 67:606-12. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vergaro
- From INSERM U942 and Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France (G.V., M.P., L.F., R.M., J.-L.S., A.C.S., C.D.); Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna di Pisa, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.); and Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.)
| | - Mathilde Prud’homme
- From INSERM U942 and Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France (G.V., M.P., L.F., R.M., J.-L.S., A.C.S., C.D.); Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna di Pisa, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.); and Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.)
| | - Loubina Fazal
- From INSERM U942 and Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France (G.V., M.P., L.F., R.M., J.-L.S., A.C.S., C.D.); Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna di Pisa, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.); and Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.)
| | - Regine Merval
- From INSERM U942 and Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France (G.V., M.P., L.F., R.M., J.-L.S., A.C.S., C.D.); Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna di Pisa, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.); and Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.)
| | - Claudio Passino
- From INSERM U942 and Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France (G.V., M.P., L.F., R.M., J.-L.S., A.C.S., C.D.); Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna di Pisa, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.); and Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.)
| | - Michele Emdin
- From INSERM U942 and Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France (G.V., M.P., L.F., R.M., J.-L.S., A.C.S., C.D.); Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna di Pisa, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.); and Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.)
| | - Jane-Lise Samuel
- From INSERM U942 and Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France (G.V., M.P., L.F., R.M., J.-L.S., A.C.S., C.D.); Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna di Pisa, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.); and Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.)
| | - Alain Cohen Solal
- From INSERM U942 and Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France (G.V., M.P., L.F., R.M., J.-L.S., A.C.S., C.D.); Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna di Pisa, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.); and Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.)
| | - Claude Delcayre
- From INSERM U942 and Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France (G.V., M.P., L.F., R.M., J.-L.S., A.C.S., C.D.); Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna di Pisa, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.); and Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (G.V., C.P., M.E.)
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48
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Österman H, Lindgren I, Lindström T, Altimiras J. Chronic hypoxia during development does not trigger pathologic remodeling of the chicken embryonic heart but reduces cardiomyocyte number. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R1204-14. [PMID: 26423711 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00499.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction programs an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood, but the actual mechanisms of this developmental programming are not fully understood. Previous studies in mammalian models suggest that hearts of growth-restricted fetuses have reduced cardiomyocyte number due to reduced proliferation and premature cardiomyocyte maturation. Chicken embryos incubated under chronic hypoxia are also growth-restricted, have smaller hearts, and show signs of cardiac insufficiency posthatching. The aim of the present study was to investigate how chronic hypoxia (14% O2) during development affects cardiomyocyte mass and how myocardial structure is altered. Hypoxic incubation reproduced the well-characterized embryonic growth restriction and an increased ventricle-to-body mass ratio (at E11, E15, E17, and E19) with reduced absolute heart mass only at E19. Cell density, apoptosis, and cardiomyocyte size were insensitive to hypoxia at E15 and E19, and no signs of ventricular wall remodeling or myocardial fibrosis were detected. Bayesian modeling provided strong support for hypoxia affecting absolute mass and proliferation rates at E15, indicating that the growth impairment, at least partly, occurs earlier in development. Neither E15 nor E19 hearts contained binucleated cardiomyocytes, indicating that fetal hypoxia does not trigger early maturation of cardiomyocytes in the chicken, which contrasts with previous results from hypoxic rat pups. In conclusion, prenatal hypoxia in the chick embryo results in a reduction in the number of cardiomyocytes without inducing ventricular remodeling, cell hypertrophy, or premature cardiomyocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Österman
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Division of Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Isa Lindgren
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Division of Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tom Lindström
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Division of Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jordi Altimiras
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Division of Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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49
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Alves A, Gritsch K, Sirieix C, Drevon-Gaillot E, Bayon Y, Clermont G, Boutrand JP, Grosgogeat B. Computerized histomorphometric study of the splenic collagen polymorphism: A control-tissue for polarization microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:900-7. [PMID: 26238067 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous articles have pointed out the presence of type III collagen within the extracellular structure of the parenchymatous organs. This study aimed to quantitatively characterize the collagen polymorphism at the capsule and parenchymal trabeculae of the largest lymphoid organ of the body i.e., the spleen, in mouse, rat, and rabbit models. Following a Picrosirius Red-Polarization procedure and computer assisted image analysis of paraffin sections, the results showed (1) a predominant and significantly higher amount of type III collagen in the trabeculae area compared to the capsule area in the three species, (2) no statistical difference among the three species concerning the parenchymal collagen polymorphism or the type I/type III collagen ratio, (3) a heterogeneous type I/type III collagen ratio varying from 0.86 (mouse) to 6.62 (rabbit) in the fibromuscular capsule region. A qualitative analysis corroborated these histomorphometric results. In conclusion, the spleen may be used as (1) a control tissue to qualitatively visualize type I and III collagen under polarization microscopy and to validate the quality of PSR staining (2) an aid to accurately calibrate the angle of polarization before quantitative measurements of type I and type III collagen. Among the studied species, the rabbit spleen appeared to be the most appropriate control tissue as it showed the highest amount of type I collagen in the capsule and a similarly high amount of type III collagen in the parenchymal trabeculae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Alves
- Laboratoire Des Multimatériaux Et Interfaces (UMR CNRS 5615), Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,NAMSA, 115 Rue Pasteur, Chasse-sur-Rhône, 38670, France
| | - Kerstin Gritsch
- Laboratoire Des Multimatériaux Et Interfaces (UMR CNRS 5615), Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Service De Consultations Et De Traitements Dentaires, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Sirieix
- NAMSA, 115 Rue Pasteur, Chasse-sur-Rhône, 38670, France.,Institut Supérieur D'ingénieurs De Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Yves Bayon
- Covidien - Sofradim Production, Trévoux, France
| | | | | | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Laboratoire Des Multimatériaux Et Interfaces (UMR CNRS 5615), Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Service De Consultations Et De Traitements Dentaires, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Lyon, France
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50
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Mizuno Y, Uchinaka A, Horii Y, Mori S, Hamada Y, Miyagawa S, Saito A, Sawa Y, Matsuura N, Kawaguchi N. Improvement of cardiac function after implanting the osteopontin-derived peptide SVVYGLR in a hamster model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015; 21:506-14. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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