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Anastasiadi AT, Arvaniti VZ, Hudson KE, Kriebardis AG, Stathopoulos C, D’Alessandro A, Spitalnik SL, Tzounakas VL. Exploring unconventional attributes of red blood cells and their potential applications in biomedicine. Protein Cell 2024; 15:315-330. [PMID: 38270470 PMCID: PMC11074998 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alkmini T Anastasiadi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki-Zoi Arvaniti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Krystalyn E Hudson
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anastasios G Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | | | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven L Spitalnik
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vassilis L Tzounakas
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Guizouarn H, Allegrini B. Erythroid glucose transport in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1371-1383. [PMID: 32474749 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transport is intimately linked to red blood cell physiology. Glucose is the unique energy source for these cells, and defects in glucose metabolism or transport activity are associated with impaired red blood cell morphology and deformability leading to reduced lifespan. In vertebrate erythrocytes, glucose transport is mediated by GLUT1 (in humans) or GLUT4 transporters. These proteins also account for dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) transport through erythrocyte membrane. The peculiarities of glucose transporters and the red blood cell pathologies involving GLUT1 are summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Guizouarn
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 28 av. Valrose, 06100, Nice, France.
| | - Benoit Allegrini
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 28 av. Valrose, 06100, Nice, France
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Richards JP, Stephenson AH, Ellsworth ML, Sprague RS. Synergistic effects of C-peptide and insulin on low O2-induced ATP release from human erythrocytes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R1331-6. [PMID: 24089376 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00341.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocytes participate in the matching of oxygen (O2) delivery with local need in skeletal muscle via the release of O2 and the vasodilator, ATP. It was reported that a concentration of insulin found in humans with insulin resistance inhibits low O2-induced ATP release. However, in vivo, insulin is coreleased with connecting peptide (C-peptide) at equimolar concentrations, but because of the shorter insulin half-life, the peptides circulate at ratios of C-peptide to insulin ranging from 1:1 to 6:1. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that C-peptide and insulin work synergistically to maintain low O2-induced ATP release from human erythrocytes. Using a thin-film tonometer to alter O2 tension, we determined that either C-peptide or insulin alone inhibits low O2-induced ATP release in a concentration-dependent manner; however, coadministration of the peptides at a 1:1 ratio does not (n = 5; P < 0.05). Because this ratio of C-peptide to insulin is not present in vivo for extended periods, we also investigated the effect of additional physiological ratios on ATP release. In the presence of insulin concentrations that would be found in fasting humans (0.05 nM), C-peptide to insulin ratios of 4:1 and 6:1 did not adversely affect low O2-induced ATP release. However, at a concentration of insulin found in the peripheral circulation of humans under postprandial conditions (0.5 nM), a ratio of C-peptide to insulin of 6:1 inhibited low O2-induced ATP release (n = 5). These findings demonstrate a heretofore unrecognized synergism between C-peptide and insulin that could have physiological importance in the regulation of perfusion distribution in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Richards
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Branth S, Hambraeus L, Piehl-Aulin K, Essén-Gustavsson B, Akerfeldt T, Olsson R, Stridsberg M, Ronquist G. Metabolic stress-like condition can be induced by prolonged strenuous exercise in athletes. Ups J Med Sci 2009; 114:12-25. [PMID: 19242868 PMCID: PMC2852746 DOI: 10.1080/03009730802579778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined energy metabolism during prolonged, strenuous exercise. We wanted therefore to investigate energy metabolic consequences of a prolonged period of continuous strenuous work with very high energy expenditure. Twelve endurance-trained athletes (6 males and 6 females) were recruited. They performed a 7-h bike race on high work-load intensity. Physiological, biochemical, endocrinological, and anthropometric muscular compartment variables were monitored before, during, and after the race. The energy expenditure was high, being 5557 kcal. Work-load intensity (% of VO(2) peak) was higher in females (77.7%) than in men (69.9%). Muscular glycogen utilization was pronounced, especially in type I fibres (>90%). Additionally, muscular triglyceride lipolysis was considerably accelerated. Plasma glucose levels were increased concomitantly with an unchanged serum insulin concentration which might reflect an insulin resistance state in addition to proteolytic glyconeogenesis. Increased reactive oxygen species (malondialdehyde (MDA)) were additional signs of metabolic stress. MDA levels correlated with glycogen utilization rate. A relative deficiency of energy substrate on a cellular level was indicated by increased intracellular water of the leg muscle concomitantly with increased extracellular levels of the osmoregulatory amino acid taurine. A kindred nature of a presumed insulin-resistant state with less intracellular availability of glucose for erythrocytes was also indicated by the findings of decreased MCV together with increased MCHC (haemoconcentration) after the race. This strenuous energy-demanding work created a metabolic stress-like condition including signs of insulin resistance and deteriorated intracellular glucose availability leading to compromised fuelling of ion pumps, culminating in a disturbed cellular osmoregulation indicated by taurine efflux and cellular swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Branth
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Corry DB, Joolhar FS, Hori MT, Tuck ML. Decreased erythrocyte insulin binding in hypertensive subjects with hyperinsulinemia. Am J Hypertens 2002; 15:296-301. [PMID: 11991213 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-7061(01)02336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates erythrocyte insulin receptor binding and affinity in subjects with hypertension and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin receptor-binding function has not been extensively studied in hypertensive subjects. METHODS Insulin receptor density, binding affinity, and protein tyrosine kinase activity were measured in erythrocytes from 18 hypertensive and 16 normotensive subjects. Insulin sensitivity was measured by the fasting plasma insulin/glucose ratio and the homeostatic assessment model algorithm (HOMA) index. Erythrocyte insulin binding was determined by a competitive binding assay and protein tyrosine kinase activity was measured by an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay technique. RESULTS Fasting plasma insulin/glucose ratio and the insulin resistance index (HOMA) were significantly higher in the hypertensive versus normotensive subjects. Receptor saturation of the high affinity binding sites (Bmax) was reduced in the hypertensive versus control subjects. The Kd values were lower in the erythrocytes from hypertensive than control subjects. Insulin-induced protein tyrosine kinase activity was decreased in erythrocytes from hypertensive versus control subjects. CONCLUSIONS A reduced erythrocyte insulin receptor density and tyrosine protein kinase activity may reflect insulin receptor dysfunction in hypertensive individuals who have insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. More information is needed examining insulin receptor function in other target tissues such as fat or skeletal muscle cells before defects in the insulin receptor can be firmly proposed as a cause of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila B Corry
- Division of Endocrinology, Veterans Affairs, Greater Los Angeles, Health Care System, Sepulveda, California, USA.
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De Neef RS, Hardy-Dessources MD, Giraud F. Relationship between type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity and protein tyrosine phosphorylation in membranes from normal and sickle red cells. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 235:549-56. [PMID: 8654400 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To assess the origin of the previously reported higher type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PtdIns 4-kinase) activity of sickle-red-cell membranes [Rhoda-Hardy-Dessources, M.D., de Neef, R.S., Mérault, G.& Giraud, F. (1993) Biochim. Biophs. Acta 1181, 90-96], we have investigated the possible involvement of protein kinase C and tyrosine kinases in the regulation of the lipid kinase activity. Both protein kinase activities were found to be markedly higher in membranes from the pathological cells. When isolated normal-red-cell or sickle-red-cell membranes were assayed, phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation activity was not significantly modified after phorbol ester modulation of protein kinase C. In contrast, stimulation (with sodium orthovanadate) or inhibiton (by tyrphostin) of tyrosine phosphorylation led respectively, to increased or decreased PtdIns 4-kinase activity in membranes from both cell types. Moreover, immunoprecipitations of membrane extracts from normal and sickle red cells types with anti-PtdIns 4-kinase antibody 4C5G, followed by immunoblotting with an anti-phosphotyrosine Ig, revealed a 56-kDa band migrating with PtdIns 4-kinase activity. Taken together, these findings indicate that PtdIns 4-Kinase in red blood cells is a phosphotyrosine-containing protein and could be regulated by a mechanism involving tyrosine phosphorylation, and the increase in PtdIns 4-Kinase activity of sickle-red-cell membranes is at least in part mediated by their intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S De Neef
- Unité de Recherche sur la Drépanocytose, INSERM U359, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE High blood pressure is prevalent in obesity and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; both conditions, with insulin resistance and essential hypertension, have been associated with increasing intra-erythrocytic levels of calcium ions. We tested the hypothesis of whether insulin itself might be responsible for the abnormal red cell cytosolic free calcium. DESIGN The ionic effects of insulin were studied on the kinetics of 45calcium uptake in vitro in normal human erythrocytes. SETTING The study was performed in the outpatient clinic of a central hospital. SUBJECTS Sixteen healthy, normotensive individuals with normal body mass index were recruited for the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Blood from eight individuals was used for time-dependent studies of 45calcium uptake in erythrocytes and blood from another eight individuals was used for dose-dependent studies of insulin effect. RESULTS The rate of 45calcium influx in red blood cells has two components, a fast component (0-10 min), which measures the initial rate of 45calcium influx, and a slow component (10-60 min) probably reflecting a relatively large backflux of calcium (calcium efflux), which accordingly determines an apparent low rate of 45calcium influx between 10-60 min. The uptake was linear with time between 10-120 min regardless of insulin being present or not. Insulin at a concentration of 120 mU L-1 significantly decreased the 45calcium uptake in a time-dependent fashion between 10-120 min. The uptake was 508 (+/- 59) at 60 min in the presence of insulin vs. a control value of 529 (+/- 59) pmol mL red blood cells-1 (P < 0.001). The corresponding figures at 120 min were 742 (+/- 109) and 767 (+/- 127), respectively (P = 0.02). Inconsistent results were obtained on 45calcium uptake at 60 min by varying insulin concentrations from 40-640 mU L-1 and a dual effect of insulin on 45calcium uptake could not be excluded, one at a fairly low concentration of insulin (40-120 mU L-1) and another at a high concentration (160-640 mU L-1). CONCLUSION The data indicate a direct role of insulin in the transport process of calcium into normal human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pettersson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Hospital, Eskistuna, Sweden
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Jones CJ, Hartmann M, Blaschitz A, Desoye G. Ultrastructural localization of insulin receptors in human placenta. Am J Reprod Immunol 1993; 30:136-45. [PMID: 8311922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1993.tb00614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Investigations to date on localization of placental insulin receptors (IR) at the ultrastructural level focused on the maternal facing side of the placenta but did not allow localization of IRs to intracellular compartments. METHOD The ultrastructural localization of IR in placentae from early and term gestation was studied using the immunogold technique and a monoclonal antibody against the external domain of the IR (clone MA20). RESULTS At 10 wk gestation, there were high levels of IR in both cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast, with sparse microvillous labeling. Fetal vessels contained various amounts of IR while stromal cells were also labeled. By 13 wk, this pattern was unchanged; however, at term, fewer IR were present in the syncytiotrophoblast, with more label on microvilli than before. Fetal vessels were well labeled, while stromal cells appeared unchanged. Intense labeling of fetal erythrocytes provided an internal positive control, while omission of the primary antiserum produced loss of binding. CONCLUSION The data suggest a spatiotemporal alteration in placental IR distribution during pregnancy, possibly reflecting a shift in control of placental growth and metabolism from mother to fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Austria
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Rutherford PA, Thomas TH, Hardman T, Lant AF, Wilkinson R. Sodium-lithium countertransport activity is not affected by short-term insulin exposure in vivo or in a physiologic medium in vitro. Metabolism 1993; 42:1087-9. [PMID: 8412758 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(93)90263-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the acute effects of physiologic concentrations of insulin in vitro and in vivo on sodium-lithium countertransport (SLC) kinetics in nondiabetic subjects. SLC was measured at eight different external sodium concentrations including the standard 150 mmol/L, allowing calculation of both maximal velocity (Vmax) and external sodium affinity (Km). Incubation with insulin (50 mU/L) in 110 MgCl2 but not in 150 mmol/L NaCl decreased standard SLC activity. The decrease was accounted for by a reduction in Vmax, whereas Km remained constant. There was no difference in standard SLC activity, Vmax, or Km when endogenous insulin concentrations were altered either by fasting or by a carbohydrate load. Similarly, standard SLC activity, Vmax, or Km were not significantly different before or at the completion of a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. These findings provide no support for an action of physiologic concentrations of insulin either in vitro or in vivo on the kinetics of the countertransporter measured in vitro in isotonic sodium-containing media.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Rutherford
- Department of Nephrology, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Yoa RG, Rapin JR, Wiernsperger NF, Martinand A, Belleville I. Demonstration of defective glucose uptake and storage in erythrocytes from non-insulin dependent diabetic patients and effects of metformin. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1993; 20:563-7. [PMID: 8222336 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
1. Red blood cells can store glucose and may thus participate in blood glucose homeostasis. We investigated if a defect in this process exists in non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD). 2. Blood was obtained in fasting conditions from 10 normal and 10 newly diagnosed NIDD patients (before and after 4 weeks Metformin therapy). Washed erythrocytes were resuspended in media containing various glucose concentrations (4.4, 6.6, 8.8 and 13.2 mmol/L). Total glucose uptake was calculated as the sum of the measurements of lactate as well as free glucose, the latter being determined before and after addition of amyloglucosidase to the pellet. 3. Cells from diabetics showed a pronounced reduction in glucose uptake, particularly in their capacity to store glucose as glycogen (reactive to amyloglucosidase). Metformin treatment almost normalized glycogen levels, whereas lactate declined concomitantly in the pellet. 4. Our data demonstrate that a defect in glucose uptake exists in erythrocytes from NIDD patients, affecting both free and stored glucose, and that this defect is reversed by Metformin treatment, indicating that this drug can increase glycogen levels even in insulin-insensitive cells. 5. Thus, in view of their total mass, erythrocytes may be important in the impaired glucose homeostasis in NIDD, in particular in marked hyperglycaemia such as after a meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Yoa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Dijon, France
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Cantafora A, Masella R, Angelico M, Gandin C, Blount RJ, Peterson SW. Effect of intravenous polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine infusion on insulin receptor processing and lipid composition of erythrocytes in patients with liver cirrhosis. Eur J Clin Invest 1992; 22:777-82. [PMID: 1478248 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether insulin receptor processing capabilities of human erythrocytes could be improved by changing the cell membrane lipid composition using an intravenous infusion of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine. Thirteen cirrhotics were submitted to the i.v. infusion of phosphatidylcholine (2 g day-1 for 3 days). Both erythrocyte lipid composition and insulin receptor processing ability were examined at the beginning of the study and at 0, 3 and 11 days after the end of the treatment. This treatment decreased the erythrocyte cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio and increased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly linoleic acid) immediately after the end of the treatment. The proportion of arachidonic acid increased immediately in the phosphatidylserine class and, a few days later, also in phosphatidylethanolamine. The phospholipid class distribution did not show any relevant modification in the course of the study. Surface insulin receptors, which generally were up-regulated in the untreated subject (-7.1 +/- 20.4%), showed an improvement in down regulation capabilities that appeared to be well correlated with the changes in lipid composition of cell membranes induced by i.v. infusion of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine. The confirmation of these findings also in target cells for insulin may open new perspectives in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cantafora
- Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Laboratory of Metabolism, Rome
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