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Guyot L, Machon C, Honorat M, Manship B, Bouard C, Vigneron A, Puisieux A, Labarthe E, Jacob G, Dhenain A, Guitton J, Payen L. Metabolomics and cytotoxicity of monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and (E)-1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-2-tetrazene (TMTZ), two liquid propellants. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:70-86. [PMID: 29885439 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrazine-based liquid propellants are routinely used for space rocket propulsion, in particular monomethylhydrazine (MMH), although such compounds are highly hazardous. For several years, great efforts were devoted to developing a less hazardous molecule. To explore the toxicological effects of an alternative compound, namely (E)-1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-2-tetrazene (TMTZ), we exposed various cellular animal and human models to this compound and to the reference compound MMH. We observed no cytotoxic effects following exposure to TMTZ in animal, as well as human models. However, although the three animal models were unaffected by MMH, exposure of the human hepatic HepaRG cell model revealed that apoptotic cytotoxic effects were only detectable in proliferative human hepatic HepaRG cells and not in differentiated cells, although major biochemical modifications were uncovered in the latter. The present findings indicate that the metabolic mechanisms of MMH toxicity is close to those described for hydrazine with numerous biochemical alterations induced by mitochondrial disruption, production of radical species, and aminotransferase inhibition. The alternative TMTZ molecule had little impact on cellular viability and proliferation of rodent and human dermic and hepatic cell models. TMTZ did not produce any metabolomic effects and appears to be a promising putative industrial alternative to MMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Guyot
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Laboratoire de biochimie-toxicologie, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Christelle Machon
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Laboratoire de biochimie-toxicologie, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Myléne Honorat
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Laboratoire de biochimie-toxicologie, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Brigitte Manship
- UMR INSERM U1052/CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Charlotte Bouard
- UMR INSERM U1052/CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Vigneron
- UMR INSERM U1052/CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- UMR INSERM U1052/CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Labarthe
- CNES Launcher Directorate, 52 rue Jacques Hillairet, 75612 Paris, France
| | - Guy Jacob
- Université Lyon 1, Faculté des sciences et technologies, UMR CNRS 5278, Hydrazines et Composés Energetiques Polyazotés, 69622 Lyon, France; Airbus Safran Launchers, Centre de Recherches du Bouchet, 9 Rur Lavoisier, 91710 Vert le Petit, France
| | - Anne Dhenain
- Université Lyon 1, Faculté des sciences et technologies, UMR CNRS 5278, Hydrazines et Composés Energetiques Polyazotés, 69622 Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Laboratoire de biochimie-toxicologie, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPBL, Faculté de pharmacie, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Léa Payen
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Laboratoire de biochimie-toxicologie, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France; UMR INSERM U1052/CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPBL, Faculté de pharmacie, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, 69373 Lyon, France.
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DILWORTH C, TIMBRELL JA. An investigation into the sensitivity of heat shock proteins as markers of cellular damage: a comparative study of hydrazine and cadmium chloride in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. Biomarkers 2008; 3:177-90. [DOI: 10.1080/135475098231200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. DILWORTH
- Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
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Berson A, Gervais A, Cazals D, Boyer N, Durand F, Bernuau J, Marcellin P, Degott C, Valla D, Pessayre D. Hepatitis after intravenous buprenorphine misuse in heroin addicts. J Hepatol 2001; 34:346-50. [PMID: 11281569 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(00)00049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sublingual buprenorphine is used as a substitution drug in heroin addicts. Although buprenorphine inhibits mitochondrial function at high concentrations in experimental animals, these effects should not occur after therapeutic sublingual doses, which give very low plasma concentrations. CASE REPORTS We report four cases of former heroin addicts infected with hepatitis C virus and placed on substitution therapy with buprenorphine. These patients exhibited a marked increase in serum alanine amino transferase (30-, 37-, 13- and 50-times the upper limit of normal, respectively) after injecting buprenorphine intravenously and three of them also became jaundiced. Interruption of buprenorphine injections was associated with prompt recovery, even though two of these patients continued buprenorphine by the sublingual route. A fifth patient carrying the hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses, developed jaundice and asterixis with panlobular liver necrosis and microvesicular steatosis after using sublingual buprenorphine and small doses of paracetamol and aspirin. CONCLUSIONS Although buprenorphine hepatitis is most uncommon even after intravenous misuse, addicts placed on buprenorphine substitution should be repeatedly warned not to use it intravenously. Higher drug concentrations could trigger hepatitis in a few intravenous users, possibly those whose mitochondrial function is already impaired by viral infections and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berson
- INSERM U1481 and Service d'Hépatologie, H pital Beaujon, Clichy, France
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Jenner AM, Timbrell JA. Influence of inducers and inhibitors of cytochrome P450 on the hepatotoxicity of hydrazine in vivo. Arch Toxicol 1994; 68:349-57. [PMID: 8092926 DOI: 10.1007/s002040050081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazine hepatotoxicity in vivo, as manifested by triglyceride accumulation, depletion of ATP and reduced glutathione (GSH) was shown to be dose related. The effect of pretreatment of rats with various inhibitors and inducers of cytochrome P450 on these dose-response relationships was investigated. Pretreatment with the inhibitor piperonyl butoxide increased triglyceride accumulation whereas pretreatment with the inducers phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) resulted in reduced triglyceride accumulation. Pretreatment with the inducers acetone and isoniazid also enhanced triglyceride accumulation. Only phenobarbital pretreatment also significantly reduced GSH and ATP depletion. A linear correlation was found between hepatic glutathione and ATP levels in non-pretreated animals given various doses of hydrazine. However, exponential relationships were found between hepatic triglycerides and both hepatic ATP and glutathione. The results suggest that i) the hepatotoxicity of hydrazine can be modulated by inducing or inhibiting particular isoenzymes of cytochrome P450, ii) ATP and GSH depletion may not be directly involved in the development of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Jenner
- Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, University of London, UK
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Jenner AM, Timbrell JA. Effect of acute and repeated exposure to low doses of hydrazine on hepatic microsomal enzymes and biochemical parameters in vivo. Arch Toxicol 1994; 68:240-5. [PMID: 8067896 DOI: 10.1007/s002040050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A single dose of hydrazine (3 mg.kg-1 i.p.) caused hepatic accumulation of triglycerides and depletion of ATP in rats after 9 h. Repeated exposure of rats to hydrazine (approximately equal to 2.5 mg.kg-1 per day) for 10 days resulted in depletion of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) and triglycerides. Repeated exposure to hydrazine also caused a significant (time dependent) induction of p-nitrophenol hydroxylase (NPH) activity together with changes in other hepatic microsomal enzymes. These included 7-pentoxyresorufin O-deethylase (PROD) and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-de ethylase (EROD) activity, total cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5 and cytochrome P450 reductase activity. Repeated exposure to lower levels of hydrazine (approximately equal to 0.250 mg.kg-1 per day) caused no significant hepatic biochemical or microsomal changes after 5 or 10 days except for an increase in NPH activity (17%) and liver ATP (15%) after 5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Jenner
- Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, University of London, UK
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