1
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Hou P, Sun Y, Yang W, Wu H, Sun L, Xiu X, Xiu C, Zhang X, Zhang W. Magnesium promotes osteogenesis via increasing OPN expression and activating CaM/CaMKIV/CREB1 pathway. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1594-1603. [PMID: 35106922 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) based alloy has been used as a biodegradable implant for fracture repair with considerable efficacy, and it has been proved that magnesium ion (Mg2+ ), one of the degradation products, could stimulate osteogenesis. Here, we investigated the osteogenesis property of magnesium both in vitro and in vivo, and to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate these effects. Results showed that magnesium exerts a dose-dependent increase in the proliferation of MC3T3 and MG63 cells, and in the expression of osteopontin (OPN), a promising biomarker of osteogenesis. Subsequently, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis showed the interactions between calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) and CREB1. The ratio of p-CaMKIV/CaMKIV and p-CREB1/CREB were increased at protein level in MC3T3 and MG63 cells after treatment with Mg2+ . Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that p-CREB1 could directly bind to OPN promoter and up-regulate the transcription of OPN after nuclear entry. Meanwhile, the expression of OPN and p-CREB1, which increased after Mg2+ treatment, was down-regulated by sh-CaMKIV or sh-CREB1. Moreover, the mineralized deposit and expression of OPN were reduced after treatment with an inhibitor of CaMKIV, KN93. In addition, massive cavities in the cortical bone around the Mg screw were showed in vivo after injection of KN93. These data indicated that the osteogenic effect of Mg is related to the activation OPN through CaM/CaMKIV/CREB1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hou
- Orthopaedic Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weichao Yang
- Orthopaedic Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyuan Sun
- Orthopaedic Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjie Xiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaoyang Xiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaonong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Orthopaedic Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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2
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Implications of the thyroid hormone on neuronal development with special emphasis on the calmodulin-kinase IV pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:877-882. [PMID: 27939430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones influence brain development through regulation of gene expression. This is especially true for Ca2+-dependent regulation since a major pathway is controlled by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) which in turn is induced by the thyroid hormone T3. In addition, CaMKIV is involved in regulation of alternative splicing of a number of protein isoforms, among them PMCA1a, the neuronal specific isoform of the plasma membrane calcium pump. On the other hand, hypothyroidism or CaMKIV deficiency can have a severe influence on brain development. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: ECS Meeting edited by Claus Heizmann, Joachim Krebs and Jacques Haiech.
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3
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Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV: A multifunctional enzyme and potential therapeutic target. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 121:54-65. [PMID: 26773169 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMKIV) belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family, and is primarily involved in transcriptional regulation in lymphocytes, neurons and male germ cells. CAMKIV operates the signaling cascade and regulates activity of several transcription activators by phosphorylation, which in turn plays pivotal roles in immune response, inflammation and memory consolidation. In this review, we tried to focus on different aspects of CAMKIV to understand the significance of this protein in the biological system. This enzyme is associated with varieties of disorders such as cerebral hypoxia, azoospermia, endometrial and ovarian cancer, systemic lupus, etc., and hence it is considered as a potential therapeutic target. Structure of CAMKIV is comprised of five distinct domains in which kinase domain is responsible for enzyme activity. CAMKIV is involved in varieties of cellular functions such as regulation of gene expression, T-cell maturation, regulation of survival phase of dendritic cells, bone growth and metabolism, memory consolidation, sperm motility, regulation of microtubule dynamics, cell-cycle progression and apoptosis. In this review, we performed an extensive analysis on structure, function and regulation of CAMKIV and associated diseases.
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4
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Nimura T, Sugiyama Y, Sueyoshi N, Shigeri Y, Ishida A, Kameshita I. A minimum size homologue of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV naturally occurring in zebrafish. J Biochem 2010; 147:857-65. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvq021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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5
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Chang BH, Mukherji S, Soderling TR. Characterization of a calmodulin kinase II inhibitor protein in brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:10890-5. [PMID: 9724800 PMCID: PMC27991 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.18.10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-KII) regulates numerous physiological functions, including neuronal synaptic plasticity through the phosphorylation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type glutamate receptors. To identify proteins that may interact with and modulate CaM-KII function, a yeast two-hybrid screen was performed by using a rat brain cDNA library. This screen identified a unique clone of 1.4 kb, which encoded a 79-aa brain-specific protein that bound the catalytic domain of CaM-KII alpha and beta and potently inhibited kinase activity with an IC50 of 50 nM. The inhibitory protein (CaM-KIIN), and a 28-residue peptide derived from it (CaM-KIINtide), was highly selective for inhibition of CaM-KII with little effect on CaM-KI, CaM-KIV, CaM-KK, protein kinase A, or protein kinase C. CaM-KIIN interacted only with activated CaM-KII (i. e., in the presence of Ca2+/CaM or after autophosphorylation) by using glutathione S-transferase/CaM-KIIN precipitations as well as coimmunoprecipitations from rat brain extracts or from HEK293 cells cotransfected with both constructs. Colocalization of CaM-KIIN with activated CaM-KII was demonstrated in COS-7 cells transfected with green fluorescent protein fused to CaM-KIIN. In COS-7 cells phosphorylation of transfected alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type glutamate receptors by CaM-KII, but not by protein kinase C, was blocked upon cotransfection with CaM-KIIN. These results characterize a potent and specific cellular inhibitor of CaM-KII that may have an important role in the physiological regulation of this key protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Chang
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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6
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Soderling TR. Structure and regulation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II and IV. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1297:131-8. [PMID: 8917614 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(96)00105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T R Soderling
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97225, USA
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7
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Chatila T, Anderson KA, Ho N, Means AR. A unique phosphorylation-dependent mechanism for the activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV/GR. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:21542-8. [PMID: 8702940 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.35.21542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV/Gr (CaMKIV/Gr) is shown to be strictly regulated by phosphorylation of three residues both in vitro and in response to antigen receptor-mediated signaling in lymphocytes. One residue, Thr-200, is indispensable for enhancement of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent basal activity by CaMKIV/Gr kinase. This event requires Ca2+/calmodulin in the full-length CaMKIV/Gr but is Ca2+/calmodulin-independent when a truncated version of CaMKIV/Gr is used as a substrate (DeltaCaMKIV/Gr1-317 (Delta1-317)). The other two residues, Ser12 and Ser13, are apparently autophosphorylated by the Ca2+/calmodulin-bound CaMKIV/Gr. Phosphorylation of neither Ser12-Ser13 nor Thr312 (the residue in a homologous position to Thr286 of CaMKIIalpha influences the development of Ca2+/calmodulin-independent activity or any other property of CaMKIV/Gr examined. Similarly, removal of the NH2-terminal 20 amino acids has no effect on the activation or function of CaMKIV/Gr. However, mutation of both Ser12 and Ser13 residues to Ala in Delta1-317 completely abrogates activity, while individual substitutions have no effect. These results indicate that the NH2-terminal Ser cluster mediates a novel type of intrasteric inhibition and suggest that three events are required for CaMKIV/Gr activation: 1) Ca2+/calmodulin binding; 2) phosphorylation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-bound enzyme on Thr200 by a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase; and 3) autophosphorylation of Ser12-Ser13. This three-step requirement is unique among the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chatila
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Missouri 63110, USA
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8
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Ho N, Gullberg M, Chatila T. Activation protein 1-dependent transcriptional activation of interleukin 2 gene by Ca2+/calmodulin kinase type IV/Gr. J Exp Med 1996; 184:101-12. [PMID: 8691123 PMCID: PMC2192676 DOI: 10.1084/jem.184.1.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) type IV/Gr is selectively expressed in T lymphocytes and is activated after signaling via the T cell antigen receptor (TCR), indicating that it mediates some of the Ca(2+)-dependent transcriptional events that follow TCR engagement. Here we show that CaMKIV/Gr induces the transcription factor activation protein 1 (AP-1) alone or in synergy with T cell mitogens and with the p21ras oncoprotein. CaMKIV/ Gr signaling is associated with transcriptional activation of c-fos but is independent of p21ras or calcineurin. AP-1 is an integral component of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcriptional complex, which is required for interleukin 2 gene expression in T cells. We demonstrate that CaMKIV/Gr reconstitutes the capacity of the cytosolic component of NFAT to direct transcription from NFAT sites in non-T cells. These results reveal a central role for CaMKIV/Gr as a Ca(2+)-regulated activator of gene transcription in T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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9
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Sun Z, Means RL, LeMagueresse B, Means AR. Organization and analysis of the complete rat calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV gene. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:29507-14. [PMID: 7493991 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.49.29507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A 42-kilobase pair region of rat DNA containing the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaM kinase IV) gene has been cloned and characterized. The gene consists of 12 exons and 11 introns and is predicted to encode both beta and alpha forms of CaM kinase IV as well as the testis-specific calmodulin-binding protein calspermin. The promoter utilized to generate the alpha-kinase isoform is located in intron 1, whereas the promoter utilized to produce the calspermin transcript is contained in intron 10. The calspermin promoter region which extends from -200 to +321 relative to the calspermin transcription initiation site that contains two cyclic AMP response elements (CRE) at -70 and -50 and has been shown previously to be inactive in NIH3T3 cells (Sun, Z., Sassone-Corsi, P., and Means, A. R. (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 561-571) was ligated to the lacZ reporter gene and used to generate transgenic mice. The promoter was expressed exclusively in postmeiotic testis where beta-galactosidase was found predominantly in elongating spermatids. The cell and developmental specificity of transgene expression was very similar to the pattern shown by the endogenous gene. Although the transgene promoter was silent in somatic tissues, beta-galactosidase expression could be restored in primary cultures of skin fibroblasts by introduction of vectors encoding CREM tau and CaM kinase IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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10
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Tokumitsu H, Brickey DA, Glod J, Hidaka H, Sikela J, Soderling TR. Activation mechanisms for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV. Identification of a brain CaM-kinase IV kinase. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)61953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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11
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Bland MM, Monroe RS, Ohmstede CA. The cDNA sequence and characterization of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-Gr from human brain and thymus. Gene 1994; 142:191-7. [PMID: 8194751 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated and sequenced cDNAs encoding Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type Gr (CaM-K-Gr, also called CaM-K-IV) from human brain and thymus. The sequence of the protein coding region of the cDNA is identical in both brain and thymus, although Northern hybridization analysis shows variation of the mRNA transcripts in these tissues. The sequence predicts a protein of M(r) 51,897 that is 83.7% identical and shows 89.2% similarity with the rat homologue. The deduced human CaM-K-Gr is identical to the rat and mouse proteins in the portion of the enzyme involved in ATP binding, the catalytic domain and Ca2+/calmodulin-binding domain; however, the N terminus of the human kinase, which may comprise a second regulatory domain [McDonald et al., J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 10054-10059], contains a 4-amino-acid (aa) insertion relative to the rodent enzymes. Additionally, the C-terminal association domain shows only 45.2 and 41.6% identity with the rat and mouse proteins, respectively, suggesting that this domain is not constrained by stringent structural and functional requirements. Based on the predicted aa sequence of the human kinase, we produced polyclonal antisera against a C-terminal peptide that recognizes two forms of CaM-K-Gr in human T-cell lymphoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. The human antiserum cross-reacts with the rat and mouse proteins and immunoprecipitates the active kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Bland
- Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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12
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Bland MM. Identification of alternate 5' untranslated regions in the gene encoding Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase-G1. Gene 1993; 137:351-2. [PMID: 8299971 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Alternate 5' untranslated regions (UTR) of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase-Gr cDNA were identified by sequencing of anchored reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products. Three alternate 5' ends of the mRNA were spliced at the same point to a common 5' UTR. A 3-kb EcoRI-BamHI genomic DNA restriction fragment containing the alternate UTR and 5' flanking sequence was characterized by sequence analysis and identification of several potential transcriptional control elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Bland
- Wellcome Research laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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13
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Cruzalegui FH, Means AR. Biochemical characterization of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV expressed in insect cells. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)74296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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14
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Means AR, Cruzalegui F. Differential gene expression from a single transcription unit during spermatogenesis. RECENT PROGRESS IN HORMONE RESEARCH 1993; 48:79-97. [PMID: 8441865 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-571148-7.50007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A R Means
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham North Carolina 27710
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15
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Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) exhibits a broad substrate specificity and regulates diverse responses to physiological changes of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Five isozymic subunits of the highly abundant brain kinase are encoded by four distinct genes. Expression of each gene is tightly regulated in a cell-specific and developmental manner. CaMKII immunoreactivity is broadly distributed within neurons but is discretely associated with a number of subcellular structures. The unique regulatory properties of CaMKII have attracted a lot of attention. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent autophosphorylation of a specific threonine residue (alpha-Thr286) within the autoinhibitory domain generates partially Ca(2+)-independent CaMKII activity. Phosphorylation of this threonine in CaMKII is modulated by changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in a variety of cells, and may prolong physiological responses to transient increases in Ca2+. Additional residues within the calmodulin-binding domain are autophosphorylated in the presence of Ca2+ chelators and block activation by Ca2+/calmodulin. This Ca(2+)-independent autophosphorylation is very rapid following prior Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent autophosphorylation at alpha-Thr286 and generates constitutively active, Ca2+/calmodulin-insensitive CaMKII activity. Ca(2+)-independent autophosphorylation of CaMKII also occurs at a slower rate when alpha-Thr286 is not autophosphorylated and results in inactivation of CaMKII. Thus, Ca(2+)-independent autophosphorylation of CaMKII generates a form of the kinase that is refractory to activation by Ca2+/calmodulin. CaMKII phosphorylates a wide range of neuronal proteins in vitro, presumably reflecting its involvement in the regulation of diverse functions such as postsynaptic responses (e.g. long-term potentiation), neurotransmitter synthesis and exocytosis, cytoskeletal interactions and gene transcription. Recent evidence indicates that the levels of CaMKII are altered in pathological states such as Alzheimer's disease and also following ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Colbran
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0615
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16
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Nadeau JH, Davisson MT, Doolittle DP, Grant P, Hillyard AL, Kosowsky MR, Roderick TH. Comparative map for mice and humans. Mamm Genome 1992; 3:480-536. [PMID: 1392257 DOI: 10.1007/bf00778825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Nadeau
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609
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17
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Justice MJ, Gilbert DJ, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Buchberg AM, Ceci JD, Matsuda Y, Chapman VM, Patriotis C, Makris A. A molecular genetic linkage map of mouse chromosome 18 reveals extensive linkage conservation with human chromosomes 5 and 18. Genomics 1992; 13:1281-8. [PMID: 1354644 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90047-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An interspecific backcross between C57BL/6J and Mus spretus was used to generate a molecular genetic linkage map of mouse chromosome 18 that includes 23 molecular markers and spans approximately 86% of the estimated length of the chromosome. The Apc, Camk2a, D18Fcr1, D18Fcr2, D18Leh1, D18Leh2, Dcc, Emb-rs3, Fgfa, Fim-2/Csfmr, Gnal, Grl-1, Grp, Hk-1rs1, Ii, Kns, Lmnb, Mbp, Mcc, Mtv-38, Palb, Pdgfrb, and Tpl-2 genes were mapped relative to each other in one interspecific backcross. A second interspecific backcross and a centromere-specific DNA satellite probe were used to determine the distance of the most proximal chromosome 18 marker to the centromere. The interspecific map extends the known regions of linkage homology between mouse chromosome 18 and human chromosomes 5 and 18 and identifies a new homology segment with human chromosome 10p. It also provides molecular access to many regions of mouse chromosome 18 for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Justice
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, ABL-Basic Research Program, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702
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18
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Purification and characterization of a brain-specific multifunctional calmodulin-dependent protein kinase from rat cerebellum. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)48414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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19
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Danciger M, Kozak CA, Adamson MC, Farber DB. Chromosomal localization of the murine genes for the alpha- and beta-subunits of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Mamm Genome 1992; 3:122-5. [PMID: 1319776 DOI: 10.1007/bf00431257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Danciger
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA School of Medicine 90024
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20
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Kameshita I, Fujisawa H. Phosphorylation and functional modification of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 180:191-6. [PMID: 1930216 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaM-kinase IV), a neuronal calmodulin-dependent multifunctional protein kinase, undergoes autophosphorylation in response to Ca2+ and calmodulin, resulting in activation of the enzyme (Frangakis et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 11309-11316). In contrast, the enzyme was phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, leading to a decrease in the enzyme activity. Thus, the results suggest differential regulation of CaM-kinase IV by two representative second messengers, Ca2+ and cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kameshita
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan
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21
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Jones DA, Glod J, Wilson-Shaw D, Hahn WE, Sikela JM. cDNA sequence and differential expression of the mouse Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV gene. FEBS Lett 1991; 289:105-9. [PMID: 1893997 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80919-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated and sequenced a mouse brain cDNA encoding Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV. The sequence predicts an acidic protein (pI = 4.56) of 469 amino acids (Mr = 52,627) that contains kinase catalytic and calmodulin-binding domains. The carboxy region has several primary structural features that suggest it may be a readily cleaved attachment domain. This region is highly charged and hydrophilic and contains several PEST sequences, motifs associated with high turnover proteins. Of the tissues examined, expression of the CaM kinase IV gene is restricted to brain and testis, where transcripts are differentially expressed to produce a kinase in both tissues and a calmodulin-binding protein, calspermin, in testis that lacks a kinase catalytic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262
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22
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Frangakis M, Chatila T, Wood E, Sahyoun N. Expression of a neuronal Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, CaM kinase-Gr, in rat thymus. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)47413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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23
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A novel Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and a male germ cell-specific calmodulin-binding protein are derived from the same gene. Mol Cell Biol 1991. [PMID: 1649385 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.8.3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A cDNA representing a unique Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase has been cloned and sequenced from a rat brain cDNA library. This enzyme, expressed in brain, testis, and spleen, is only 32% identical to the various isoforms of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. The sequence of the COOH-terminal 169 amino acids is identical to that of a previously described male germ cell-specific calmodulin-binding protein called calspermin (T. Ono, G.R. Slaughter, R.G. Cook, and A.R. Means, J. Biol. Chem. 264:2081-2087, 1989). This identity extends to the nucleic acid sequence and includes all but the first 130 nucleotides of the calspermin cDNA. Primer extension and sequence of a genomic fragment containing the unique calspermin sequence reveals that this mRNA is derived from the kinase transcription unit by germ cell-specific use of a unique exon. In situ hybridization was used to demonstrate that both kinase and calspermin mRNAs are expressed during spermatogenesis. The kinase mRNA is first detected in early meiotic cells and declines to a low level in haploid cells. Calspermin mRNA first appears in pachytene primary spermatocytes and continues to increase as cells complete meiosis and undergo terminal differentiation. These results show that differential utilization of a single gene during spermatogenesis is used to generate mRNAs that encode proteins with distinct functions.
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Means AR, Cruzalegui F, LeMagueresse B, Needleman DS, Slaughter GR, Ono T. A novel Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and a male germ cell-specific calmodulin-binding protein are derived from the same gene. Mol Cell Biol 1991; 11:3960-71. [PMID: 1649385 PMCID: PMC361193 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.8.3960-3971.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A cDNA representing a unique Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase has been cloned and sequenced from a rat brain cDNA library. This enzyme, expressed in brain, testis, and spleen, is only 32% identical to the various isoforms of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. The sequence of the COOH-terminal 169 amino acids is identical to that of a previously described male germ cell-specific calmodulin-binding protein called calspermin (T. Ono, G.R. Slaughter, R.G. Cook, and A.R. Means, J. Biol. Chem. 264:2081-2087, 1989). This identity extends to the nucleic acid sequence and includes all but the first 130 nucleotides of the calspermin cDNA. Primer extension and sequence of a genomic fragment containing the unique calspermin sequence reveals that this mRNA is derived from the kinase transcription unit by germ cell-specific use of a unique exon. In situ hybridization was used to demonstrate that both kinase and calspermin mRNAs are expressed during spermatogenesis. The kinase mRNA is first detected in early meiotic cells and declines to a low level in haploid cells. Calspermin mRNA first appears in pachytene primary spermatocytes and continues to increase as cells complete meiosis and undergo terminal differentiation. These results show that differential utilization of a single gene during spermatogenesis is used to generate mRNAs that encode proteins with distinct functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Means
- Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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Frangakis M, Ohmstede C, Sahyoun N. A brain-specific Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase-Gr) is regulated by autophosphorylation. Relevance to neuronal Ca2+ signaling. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Wilcox AS, Khan AS, Hopkins JA, Sikela JM. Use of 3' untranslated sequences of human cDNAs for rapid chromosome assignment and conversion to STSs: implications for an expression map of the genome. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:1837-43. [PMID: 2030965 PMCID: PMC328113 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.8.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A general mapping strategy is described in which the 3'untranslated regions of human cDNAs are used to design PCR primers which will selectively amplify human genomic sequences in a rodent background. When applied to panels of human x hamster somatic cell hybrid DNAs, this approach provides a PCR-based method for rapidly assigning genes to specific chromosomes and chromosomal regions. In addition, it follows from the virtual absence of introns in the 3'untranslated region of vertebrate genes that within this region the cDNA sequences almost always will be identical to those of the genomic DNA and can therefore be used to automatically generate gene-specific sequence-tagged sites (STSs). We have applied this strategy to six human cDNAs and demonstrate that 1) the primers selectively amplify human genomic DNA and 2) the PCR product is of the size predicted from the cDNA. To test this approach further we have utilized it to confirm the known chromosomal location of the retinoblastoma gene. Lastly, we describe how this strategy can readily be applied to unknown human cDNAs, and thereby be integrated into efforts to generate a human STS expression map of the genome. A strategy for production of such a map, using human brain cDNAs as a model, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Wilcox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262
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Nuclear and axonal localization of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type Gr in rat cerebellar cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:2850-3. [PMID: 2011593 PMCID: PMC51337 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.7.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The granule cell-enriched Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase-Gr) is a recently discovered neuron-specific enzyme. The kinase avidly phosphorylates synapsin I and contains a polyglutamate sequence, which suggests an association with chromatin as well. A possible role in synapsin I phosphorylation and in nuclear Ca2+ signaling was supported by immunochemical and ultrastructural examination of CaM kinase-Gr distribution. CaM kinase-Gr immunoreactivity was present in the molecular and granule cell layers of the rat cerebellum. This pattern corresponded to the occurrence of the enzyme in the granule cell axons and nuclei, respectively. Immunoblots confirmed these findings. Thus, CaM kinase-Gr may mediate and coordinate Ca2(+)-signaling within different subcellular compartments.
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Nadeau JH, Davisson MT, Doolittle DP, Grant P, Hillyard AL, Kosowsky M, Roderick TH. Comparative map for mice and humans. Mamm Genome 1991; 1 Spec No:S461-515. [PMID: 1799811 DOI: 10.1007/bf00656504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Nadeau
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
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Sikela JM, Adamson MC, Wilson-Shaw D, Kozak CA. Genetic mapping of the gene for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (Camk-4) to mouse chromosome 18. Genomics 1990; 8:579-82. [PMID: 1981056 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Southern blot analysis of Chinese hamster x mouse somatic cell hybrids was used to map the gene for a serine/threonine protein kinase expressed in brain and testis. This locus, termed Camk-4, encodes Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV. Progeny of an interspecific backcross were analyzed to position Camk-4 in the centromeric region of chromosome 18 near two mutations known to affect neurological function and fertility. This raises the possibility that a defect in Camk-4 may be responsible for one of these mutant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Sikela
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262
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