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MacFarlane ER, Donaldson PJ, Grey AC. UV light and the ocular lens: a review of exposure models and resulting biomolecular changes. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 4:1414483. [PMID: 39301012 PMCID: PMC11410779 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1414483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
UV light is known to cause damage to biomolecules in living tissue. Tissues of the eye that play highly specialised roles in forming our sense of sight are uniquely exposed to light of all wavelengths. While these tissues have evolved protective mechanisms to resist damage from UV wavelengths, prolonged exposure is thought to lead to pathological changes. In the lens, UV light exposure is a risk factor for the development of cataract, which is a condition that is characterised by opacity that impairs its function as a focusing element in the eye. Cataract can affect spatially distinct regions of the lens. Age-related nuclear cataract is the most prevalent form of cataract and is strongly associated with oxidative stress and a decrease in the antioxidant capacity of the central lens region. Since UV light can generate reactive oxygen species to induce oxidative stress, its effects on lens structure, transparency, and biochemistry have been extensively investigated in animal models in order to better understand human cataract aetiology. A review of the different light exposure models and the advances in mechanistic understanding gained from these models is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R MacFarlane
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul J Donaldson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Angus C Grey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Hong Y, Sun Y, Ainiwaer M, Xiao B, Zhang S, Ning L, Zhu X, Ji Y. A role for YAP/FOXM1/Nrf2 axis in oxidative stress and apoptosis of cataract induced by UVB irradiation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23832. [PMID: 39046354 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400848r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the hypothesis that Yes-associated protein (YAP) significantly regulates antioxidant potential and anti-apoptosis in UVB-induced cataract by exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms. To investigate the association between YAP and cataract, various experimental techniques were employed, including cell viability assessment, Annexin V FITC/PI assay, measurement of ROS production, RT-PCR, Western blot assay, and Immunoprecipitation. UVB exposure on human lens epithelium cells (HLECs) reduced total and nuclear YAP protein expression, increased cleaved/pro-caspase 3 ratios, decreased cell viability, and elevated ROS levels compared to controls. Similar Western blot results were observed in in vivo experiments involving UVB-treated mice. YAP knockdown in vitro demonstrated a decrease in the protein expression of FOXM1, Nrf2, and HO-1, which correlated with the mRNA expression, accompanied by an increase in cell apoptosis, caspase 3 activation, and the release of ROS. Conversely, YAP overexpression mitigated these effects induced by UVB irradiation. Immunoprecipitation revealed a FOXM1-YAP interaction. Notably, inhibiting FOXM1 decreased Nrf2 and HO-1, activating caspase 3. Additionally, administering the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) effectively mitigated the apoptotic effects induced by oxidative stress from UVB irradiation, rescuing the protein expression levels of YAP, FOXM1, Nrf2, and HO-1. The initial findings of our study demonstrate the existence of a feedback loop involving YAP, FOXM1, Nrf2, and ROS that significantly influences the cell apoptosis in HLECs under UVB-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Hong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Maierdanjiang Ainiwaer
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Binghe Xiao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ning
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjia Zhu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Ji
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Wang Y, Wang JM, Xiao Y, Hu XB, Zheng SY, Fu JL, Zhang L, Gan YW, Liang XM, Li DWC. SUMO1-regulated DBC1 promotes p53-dependent stress-induced apoptosis of lens epithelial cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8812-8832. [PMID: 37683133 PMCID: PMC10522365 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) was initially identified from a homozygously deleted region in human chromosome 8p21. It has been well established that DBC1 plays a dual role during cancer development. Depending on the physiological context, it can promote or inhibit tumorigenesis. Whether it plays a role in lens pathogenesis remains elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated that DBC1 is highly expressed in lens epithelial cells from different vertebrates and in retina pigment epithelial cells as well. Moreover, DBC1 is SUMOylated through SUMO1 conjugation at K591 residue in human and mouse lens epithelial cells. The SUMOylated DBC1 is localized in the nucleus and plays an essential role in promoting stress-induced apoptosis. Silence of DBC1 attenuates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of DBC1 enhances oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and this process depends on p53. Mechanistically, DBC1 interacts with p53 to regulate its phosphorylation status at multiple sites and the SUMOylation of DBC1 enhances its interaction with p53. Together, our results identify that DBC1 is an important regulator mediating stress-induced apoptosis in lens, and thus participates in control of lens cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Jing-Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xue-Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Shu-Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Jia-Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yu-Wen Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xing-Miao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
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Sorkou KN, Theotokis P, Deftereou TE, Maria L, Meditskou S, Manthou ME. Detecting Apoptotic Human Lens Epithelial Cells With Transmission Electron Microscopy. Cureus 2023; 15:e45916. [PMID: 37885524 PMCID: PMC10599265 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cataract formation is a prevalent issue worldwide, and understanding the cellular processes involved is crucial to advancing treatment options. The scope of the study was to explore the presence of apoptotic cells in the lens epithelium of Greek patients with senile cataracts using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Methods Twenty-one patients with senile cataracts were included in this cross-sectional study, and their anterior lens capsules were thoroughly examined. The presence of apoptosis was ultrastructurally investigated, and its association with age, gender, biomicroscopic type of cataract, the coexistence of exfoliation syndrome (XFS), diabetes mellitus, and glaucoma was statistically correlated. Results We detected apoptotic cells in nine of the 21 patients. Morphological features indicative of apoptosis in the nuclei included degradation, nuclear membrane irregularity, reduction of nuclear volume, condensation, and margination of chromatin. The cytoplasm either appeared denser or contained vacuoles. Budding with membrane blebbing and pinopode-like projections were frequently observed. Apoptotic cells appeared smaller, exhibiting loose connections with neighboring cells and the basement membrane (BM). Interestingly, apoptotic bodies were also detected. Conclusions None of the examined risk factors showed a connection to apoptosis, whereas neighboring lens epithelial cells (LECs) phagocytose apoptotic bodies, seemingly assumed the role of macrophages. Comparing apoptosis rates between populations with different sun exposure levels could help reveal the relationship between ultraviolet B radiation exposure, apoptosis, and cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina N Sorkou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Frimley Park Hospital, National Health Service (NHS), Camberley, GBR
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | | | - Lambropoulou Maria
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, GRC
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
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Liu Z, Huang S, Zheng Y, Zhou T, Hu L, Xiong L, Li DWC, Liu Y. The lens epithelium as a major determinant in the development, maintenance, and regeneration of the crystalline lens. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 92:101112. [PMID: 36055924 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The crystalline lens is a transparent and refractive biconvex structure formed by lens epithelial cells (LECs) and lens fibers. Lens opacity, also known as cataracts, is the leading cause of blindness in the world. LECs are the principal cells of lens throughout human life, exhibiting different physiological properties and functions. During the embryonic stage, LECs proliferate and differentiate into lens fibers, which form the crystalline lens. Genetics and environment are vital factors that influence normal lens development. During maturation, LECs help maintain lens homeostasis through material transport, synthesis and metabolism as well as mitosis and proliferation. If disturbed, this will result in loss of lens transparency. After cataract surgery, the repair potential of LECs is activated and the structure and transparency of the regenerative tissue depends on postoperative microenvironment. This review summarizes recent research advances on the role of LECs in lens development, homeostasis, and regeneration, with a particular focus on the role of cholesterol synthesis (eg., lanosterol synthase) in lens development and homeostasis maintenance, and how the regenerative potential of LECs can be harnessed to develop surgical strategies and improve the outcomes of cataract surgery (Fig. 1). These new insights suggest that LECs are a major determinant of the physiological and pathological state of the lens. Further studies on their molecular biology will offer possibility to explore new approaches for cataract prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Leyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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6
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Mi Y, Wei C, Sun L, Liu H, Zhang J, Luo J, Yu X, He J, Ge H, Liu P. Melatonin inhibits ferroptosis and delays age-related cataract by regulating SIRT6/p-Nrf2/GPX4 and SIRT6/NCOA4/FTH1 pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114048. [PMID: 36463827 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cataracts are the main cause of reversible blindness worldwide. The ageing of the lens caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is mostly related to oxidative stress (OS). Little is known about whether OS induced by UVB enhances the sensitivity of lens epithelial cells to ferroptotic stress, which may be a new mechanism leading to age-related cataracts (ARCs). METHODS Ferroptosis was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), iron assay, lipid peroxidation (MDA) assay, real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Genetic engineering technology was used to investigate the regulatory relationship among Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferritin heavy chain (FTH1). Knockdown and overexpression of SIRT6 locally in vivo in rats were performed to probe the regulatory mechanism of SIRT6 in ferroptosis in ARCs. FINDINGS Here, we observed that UVB can drastically induce ferroptosis in lens epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro. Surprisingly, inhibition of ferroptosis was the direct reason that melatonin rescued B-3, SRA01/04 and HEK-293 T cells survival; the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-Vad-FMK did not significantly reverse the death of UVB-irradiated cells compared with that in the UVB+DMSO group. SIRT6 was an upstream regulator of phosphorylated Nrf2 (p-Nrf2) and NCOA4 in B-3, SRA01/04 and HEK-293 T cells. Melatonin inhibited ferroptosis through the SIRT6/p-Nrf2/GPX4 and SIRT6/COA4/FTH1 pathways to neutralize lipid peroxidation toxicity, which protected cells against ferroptotic stress in vitro and delayed cataract formation caused by UVB exposure in rats. INTERPRETATION Our findings reveal a novel causal role of melatonin in the pathogenesis of ARCs, which raises the possibility of selectively targeting the activation of SIRT6 and ferroptotic resistance as a latent antioxidative therapeutic strategy for ARCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Ischemia-reperfusion, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China; Experimental Animal Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chaoqun Wei
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Ischemia-reperfusion, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China; Experimental Animal Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Liyao Sun
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Huirui Liu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Ischemia-reperfusion, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China; Experimental Animal Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiayue Zhang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Ischemia-reperfusion, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China; Experimental Animal Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jialin Luo
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jie He
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongyan Ge
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China.
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7
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Xiao Y, Xiang JW, Gao Q, Bai YY, Huang ZX, Hu XH, Wang L, Li DWC. MAB21L1 promotes survival of lens epithelial cells through control of αB-crystallin and ATR/CHK1/p53 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6128-6148. [PMID: 35951367 PMCID: PMC9417230 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The male abnormal gene family 21 (mab21), was initially identified in C. elegans. Since its identification, studies from different groups have shown that it regulates development of ocular tissues, brain, heart and liver. However, its functional mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Mab21L1 promotes survival of lens epithelial cells. Mechanistically, Mab21L1 upregulates expression of αB-crystallin. Moreover, our results show that αB-crystallin prevents stress-induced phosphorylation of p53 at S-20 and S-37 through abrogating the activation of the upstream kinases, ATR and CHK1. As a result of suppressing p53 activity by αB-crystallin, Mab21L1 downregulates expression of Bak but upregulates Mcl-1 during stress insult. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Mab21L1 promotes survival of lens epithelial cells through upregulation of αB-crystallin to suppress ATR/CHK1/p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410080, Hunan, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Wen Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410080, Hunan, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue-Yue Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410080, Hunan, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao-Xia Huang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 121212, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410080, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Wang
- The Academician Work Station, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, Hunan, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410080, Hunan, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
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8
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The protective mechanism of Grx2 in ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced cataract formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 613:107-112. [PMID: 35550196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We established a mouse cataract model by irradiating Grx2 knockout (KO) and knock-in (KI) genetically modified mice with UVB to explore the protective mechanism of Grx2 against UVB lens damage. METHODS After irradiating Grx2 KO and Grx2 KI mice with UVB lamps, we observed and recorded the general physiological conditions and lens opacity of the mice. The crystalline grading system of the University of Oxford was used to classify the opacity of the lens. Lens reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents were detected using a microplate reader, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antioxidant and antioxidant enzyme contents. Statistical analysis of the recorded data was performed by using SPSS 19.0 software. RESULTS After UVB irradiation, the weight of Grx2 KO mice was slightly lower than that of wild-type (WT) mice of the same age. Compared to WT mice, the lens opacity of Grx2 KO mice appeared earlier, the nucleus density of the lens increased, and the opacity increased in the first week after UVB irradiation. Meanwhile, the lenses of Grx2 KI mice remained transparent. The experiment showed that the content of ROS increased, the level of glutathione (GSH) decreased, the content of 8-OHdG increased, and the expression of BCL2 decreased after UVB irradiation. Compared to WT mice, these changes were more significant in Grx2 KO mice. CONCLUSION This experiment found that knocking out the Grx2 gene accelerated the occurrence and development of UVB-induced cataracts in mice and that Grx2 plays an important role in the oxidative damage caused by UVB radiation by repairing the antioxidant enzymes of the lens. This study provides a new animal model and research ideas for the study of cataract pathogenesis.
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9
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Wang L, Zhang L, Gong X, Fu J, Gan Y, Hou M, Nie Q, Xiang J, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Zheng S, Yang L, Chen H, Xiang M, Liu Y, Li DW. PP-1β and PP-2Aα modulate cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) functions in aging control and stress response through de-regulation of αB-crystallin gene and p300-p53 signaling axis. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13458. [PMID: 34425033 PMCID: PMC8441381 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the transcription factor, cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), is activated through S133 phosphorylation by PKA and others. Regarding its inactivation, it is not well defined. cAMP response element‐binding protein plays an essential role in promoting cell proliferation, neuronal survival and the synaptic plasticity associated with long‐term memory. Our recent studies have shown that CREB is an important player in mediating stress response. Here, we have demonstrated that CREB regulates aging process through suppression of αB‐crystallin and activation of the p300‐p53‐Bak/Bax signaling axis. First, we determined that two specific protein phosphatases, PP‐1β and PP‐2Aα, can inactivate CREB through S133 dephosphorylation. Subsequently, we demonstrated that cells expressing the S133A‐CREB, a mutant mimicking constant dephosphorylation at S133, suppress CREB functions in aging control and stress response. Mechanistically, S133A‐CREB not only significantly suppresses CREB control of αB‐crystallin gene, but also represses CREB‐mediated activation of p53 acetylation and downstream Bak/Bax genes. cAMP response element‐binding protein suppression of αB‐crystallin and its activation of p53 acetylation are major molecular events observed in human cataractous lenses of different age groups. Together, our results demonstrate that PP‐1β and PP‐2Aα modulate CREB functions in aging control and stress response through de‐regulation of αB‐crystallin gene and p300‐p53‐Bax/Bak signaling axis, which regulates human cataractogenesis in the aging lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Lan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiao‐Dong Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jia‐Ling Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yu‐Wen Gan
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Min Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Qian Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jia‐Wen Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Shu‐Yu Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Lan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Huimin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Meng‐Qing Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - David Wan‐Cheng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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10
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Wishart TFL, Flokis M, Shu DY, Das SJ, Lovicu FJ. Hallmarks of lens aging and cataractogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108709. [PMID: 34339681 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lens homeostasis and transparency are dependent on the function and intercellular communication of its epithelia. While the lens epithelium is uniquely equipped with functional repair systems to withstand reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative insult, ROS are not necessarily detrimental to lens cells. Lens aging, and the onset of pathogenesis leading to cataract share an underlying theme; a progressive breakdown of oxidative stress repair systems driving a pro-oxidant shift in the intracellular environment, with cumulative ROS-induced damage to lens cell biomolecules leading to cellular dysfunction and pathology. Here we provide an overview of our current understanding of the sources and essential functions of lens ROS, antioxidative defenses, and changes in the major regulatory systems that serve to maintain the finely tuned balance of oxidative signaling vs. oxidative stress in lens cells. Age-related breakdown of these redox homeostasis systems in the lens leads to the onset of cataractogenesis. We propose eight candidate hallmarks that represent common denominators of aging and cataractogenesis in the mammalian lens: oxidative stress, altered cell signaling, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated ion homeostasis, cell senescence, genomic instability and intrinsic apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Flokis
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daisy Y Shu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shannon J Das
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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11
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Gong XD, Wang Y, Hu XB, Zheng SY, Fu JL, Nie Q, Wang L, Hou M, Xiang JW, Xiao Y, Gao Q, Bai YY, Liu YZ, Li DWC. Aging-dependent loss of GAP junction proteins Cx46 and Cx50 in the fiber cells of human and mouse lenses accounts for the diminished coupling conductance. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17568-17591. [PMID: 34226295 PMCID: PMC8312418 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of the ocular lens is maintained by a microcirculation system propagated through gap junction channels. It is well established that the intercellular communications of the lens become deteriorative during aging. However, the molecular basis for this change in human lenses has not been well defined. Here, we present evidence to show that over 90% of Cx46 and Cx50 are lost in the fiber cells of normal human lenses aged 50 and above. From transparent to cataractous lenses, while Cx43 was upregulated, both Cx46 and Cx50 were significantly down-regulated in the lens epithelia. During aging of mouse lenses, Cx43 remained unchanged, but both Cx46 and Cx50 were significantly downregulated. Under oxidative stress treatment, mouse lenses develop in vitro cataractogenesis. Associated with this process, Cx43 was significantly upregulated, in contrast, Cx46 and Cx50 were sharply downregulated. Together, our results for the first time reveal that downregulation in Cx46 and Cx50 levels appears to be the major reason for the diminished coupling conductance, and the aging-dependent loss of Cx46 and Cx50 promotes senile cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Xue-Bin Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Shu-Yu Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Jia-Ling Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Qian Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Ling Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Min Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Jia-Wen Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Qian Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Yue-Yue Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
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12
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Zhou J, Wu J, Zheng S, Chen X, Zhou D, Shentu X. Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Reveals Up-Regulation of Apoptosis and Small Heat Shock Proteins in Lens of Rats Under Low Temperature. Front Physiol 2021; 12:683056. [PMID: 34220548 PMCID: PMC8247577 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.683056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold cataract is the reversible opacification of the lens when the temperature decreases. However, we observed that when temperature of the rats’ lens was maintained at a lower temperature for a prolonged time, the opacification of lens was only partly reversible. To review the potential molecular mechanism of the irreversible part of opacification under cold stimulation, we applied comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis to systematically investigate the molecular changes that occurred in the lens capsules of rats under low temperature treatments. The RNA sequencing based transcriptomic analysis showed a significant up-regulation of genes related to the lens structure and development in the Hypothermia Group. Hub genes were small heat shock proteins (sHSPs). Besides the same findings as the transcriptomic results, the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis also revealed the up-regulation of the apoptotic process. To further analyze the regulatory mechanism in this process, we subsequently performed integrated analysis and identified the down-regulation of Notch3/Hes1 and PI3K/Akt/Xiap signaling axis. Our research revealed the activation of the apoptotic process in rats’ lens under cold stimulation, and the sHSP related heat shock response as a potential protective factor through our transcriptomic and proteomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Zhou
- The Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- The Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sifan Zheng
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daizhan Zhou
- The Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingchao Shentu
- The Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Nie Q, Chen H, Zou M, Wang L, Hou M, Xiang JW, Luo Z, Gong XD, Fu JL, Wang Y, Zheng SY, Xiao Y, Gan YW, Gao Q, Bai YY, Wang JM, Zhang L, Tang XC, Hu X, Gong L, Liu Y, Li DWC. The E3 Ligase PIAS1 Regulates p53 Sumoylation to Control Stress-Induced Apoptosis of Lens Epithelial Cells Through the Proapoptotic Regulator Bax. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660494. [PMID: 34195189 PMCID: PMC8237824 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein sumoylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications regulating many biological processes (Flotho A & Melchior F. 2013. Ann Rev. Biochem. 82:357–85). Our previous studies have shown that sumoylation plays a fundamental role in regulating lens differentiation (Yan et al., 2010. PNAS, 107(49):21034-9.; Gong et al., 2014. PNAS. 111(15):5574–9). Whether sumoylation is implicated in lens pathogenesis remains elusive. Here, we present evidence to show that the protein inhibitor of activated STAT-1 (PIAS1), a E3 ligase for sumoylation, is implicated in regulating stress-induced lens pathogenesis. During oxidative stress-induced cataractogenesis, expression of PIAS1 is significantly altered at both mRNA and protein levels. Upregulation and overexpression of exogenous PIAS1 significantly enhances stress-induced apoptosis. In contrast, silence of PIAS1 with CRISPR/Cas9 technology attenuates stress-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, different from other cells, PIAS1 has little effect to activate JNK but upregulates Bax, a major proapoptotic regulator. Moreover, Bax upregulation is derived from the enhanced transcription activity of the upstream transcription factor, p53. As revealed previously in other cells by different laboratories, our data also demonstrate that PIAS1 promotes SUMO1 conjugation of p53 at K386 residue in lens epithelial cells and thus enhances p53 transcription activity to promote Bax upregulation. Silence of Bax expression largely abrogates PIAS1-mediated enhancement of stress-induced apoptosis. Thus, our results demonstrated that PIAS1 promotes oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through positive control of p53, which specifically upregulates expression of the downstream proapoptotic regulator Bax. As a result, PIAS1-promoted apoptosis induced by oxidative stress is implicated in lens pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wen Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Wen Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Yue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Cheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuebin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Kim GN, Hah YS, Seong H, Yoo WS, Choi MY, Cho HY, Yun SP, Kim SJ. The Role of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 5 in Hyperosmotic Stress-Exposed Human Lens Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126296. [PMID: 34208226 PMCID: PMC8230750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) under hyperosmotic conditions in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). Hyperosmotic stress decreased the viability of human lens epithelial B-3 cells and significantly increased NFAT5 expression. Hyperosmotic stress-induced cell death occurred to a greater extent in NFAT5-knockout (KO) cells than in NFAT5 wild-type (NFAT5 WT) cells. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl expression was down-regulated in NFAT5 WT cells and NFAT5 KO cells under hyperosmotic stress. Pre-treatment with a necroptosis inhibitor (necrostatin-1) significantly blocked hyperosmotic stress-induced death of NFAT5 KO cells, but not of NFAT5 WT cells. The phosphorylation levels of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) and RIP3, which indicate the occurrence of necroptosis, were up-regulated in NFAT5 KO cells, suggesting that death of these cells is predominantly related to the necroptosis pathway. This finding is the first to report that necroptosis occurs when lens epithelial cells are exposed to hyperosmolar conditions, and that NFAT5 is involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Nam Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (G.-N.K.); (H.S.); (W.-S.Y.); (M.-Y.C.)
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-S.H.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Hyemin Seong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (G.-N.K.); (H.S.); (W.-S.Y.); (M.-Y.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Woong-Sun Yoo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (G.-N.K.); (H.S.); (W.-S.Y.); (M.-Y.C.)
| | - Mee-Young Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (G.-N.K.); (H.S.); (W.-S.Y.); (M.-Y.C.)
| | - Hee-Young Cho
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-S.H.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.P.Y.); (S.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8071 (S.P.Y.); +82-55-750-8468 (S.-J.K.)
| | - Seong-Jae Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (G.-N.K.); (H.S.); (W.-S.Y.); (M.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.Y.); (S.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8071 (S.P.Y.); +82-55-750-8468 (S.-J.K.)
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15
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Haag R, Sieber N, Heßling M. Cataract Development by Exposure to Ultraviolet and Blue Visible Light in Porcine Lenses. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:535. [PMID: 34071808 PMCID: PMC8227611 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cataract is still the leading cause of blindness. Its development is well researched for UV radiation. Modern light sources like LEDs and displays tend to emit blue light. The effect of blue light on the retina is called blue light hazard and is studied extensively. However, its impact on the lens is not investigated so far. Aim: Investigation of the impact of the blue visible light in porcine lens compared to UVA and UVB radiation. Materials and Methods: In this ex-vivo experiment, porcine lenses are irradiated with a dosage of 6 kJ/cm2 at wavelengths of 311 nm (UVB), 370 nm (UVA), and 460 nm (blue light). Lens transmission measurements before and after irradiation give insight into the impact of the radiation. Furthermore, dark field images are taken from every lens before and after irradiation. Cataract development is illustrated by histogram linearization as well as faults coloring of recorded dark field images. By segmenting the lens in the background's original image, the lens condition before and after irradiation could be compared. Results: All lenses irradiated with a 6 kJ/cm2 reveal cataract development for radiation with 311 nm, 370 nm, and 460 nm. Both evaluations reveal that the 460 nm irradiation causes the most cataract. Conclusion: All investigated irradiation sources cause cataracts in porcine lenses-even blue visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Heßling
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Mechatronics, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
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16
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Zhang M, Cheng K. Long non-coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 promotes hydrogen peroxide-induced lens epithelial cell apoptosis and oxidative stress by regulating miR-223-3p/BCL2L2 axis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 206:108543. [PMID: 33744257 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can exert crucial roles in the pathogenesis of cataract, including lncRNA KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1). We aimed to further elucidate the biological role and regulatory molecular mechanism of KCNQ1OT1 in cataract. The expression of KCNQ1OT1 and miR-223-3p and BCL2 like 2 (BCL2L2) was examined by qRT-PCR. Cataract cell model was constructed by treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in lens epithelial cells (SRA01/04). SRA01/04 cell viability and cell apoptosis were tested using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot (WB) was performed to measure the levels of apoptosis-related proteins and BCL2L2 protein. The oxidative stress factors were analyzed by corresponding kits. The interaction between miR-223-3p and KCNQ1OT1 or BCL2L2 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. We found that KCNQ1OT1 was upregulated in cataract anterior lens capsule samples and H2O2-induced SRA01/04 cells. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 suppressed H2O2-induced SRA01/04 cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. KCNQ1OT1 acted as a sponge of miR-223-3p. Inhibition of miR-223-3p could abate the function of KCNQ1OT1 silence in H2O2-treated SRA01/04 cells. Additionally, BCL2L2 was a direct target of miR-223-3p, and miR-223-3p weakened H2O2-induced SRA01/04 cell apoptosis and oxidative stress by targeting BCL2L2. Collectively, the data suggest a role for the KCNQ1OT1/miR-223-3p/BCL2L2 axis in cataract formation but the data was generated using an epithelial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan, 250001, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan, 250001, Shandong, China.
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17
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Qu Y, Li R, Li X, Yang Q, Chen J, Dong Y, Xiao W, Zheng S, Wang L, Tao Y, Huang Y. Development of Animal Models for Lens and Corneal Diseases Using N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:38. [PMID: 32721019 PMCID: PMC7425732 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.8.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) is an alkylating toxicant with potent mutagenic ability. This study was designed to induce apoptosis in lens epithelial cells (LECs) and corneal endothelial cells (CECs) via MNU administration. We sought to build ocular disease models of cataract and corneal endothelial decompensation. Methods MNU was delivered into the intraperitoneal cavities of neonatal rats and the anterior chambers of adult rabbits. The MNU-treated animals were then subjected to a series of functional and morphological analyses at various time points. Results MNU treatment induced pervasive apoptosis of LECs and CECs. These effects were dose and time dependent. Mature cataracts were found in neonatal rats 3 weeks after MNU treatment. Histological analysis revealed that MNU toxicity induced swelling, vacuolation, and liquefaction in lens fibers of MNU-treated rats. Pentacam examination showed that the average density of rat lens increased significantly after MNU administration. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis showed pervasive apoptotic staining in the lenses of MNU-treated rats. In rabbit eyes, intracameral treatment with MNU induced corneal edema and significantly increased central corneal thickness, which peaked at P14. Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis showed that CECs were effectively ablated in the MNU-treated rabbits. The expression of 8-OHdG increased significantly in the cornea of MNU-treated rabbits, compared with vehicle-treated controls. Conclusions MNU is sufficient to induce ocular cell apoptosis in animal models. These models of MNU-induced cataract and corneal endothelial decompensation represent valuable tools for efforts to develop relevant therapies.
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18
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Identification of Differential Gene Expression Pattern in Lens Epithelial Cells Derived from Cataractous and Noncataractous Lenses of Shumiya Cataract Rat. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7319590. [PMID: 33204712 PMCID: PMC7652612 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7319590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Shumiya cataract rat (SCR) is a model for hereditary cataract. Two-thirds of these rats develop lens opacity within 10-11 weeks. Onset of cataract is attributed to the synergetic effect of lanosterol synthase (Lss) and farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (Fdft1) mutant alleles that lead to cholesterol deficiency in the lenses, which in turn adversely affects lens biology including the growth and differentiation of lens epithelial cells (LECs). Nevertheless, the molecular events and changes in gene expression associated with the onset of lens opacity in SCR are poorly understood. In the present study, a microarray-based approach was employed to analyze comparative gene expression changes in LECs isolated from the precataractous and cataractous stages of lenses of 5-week-old SCRs. The changes in gene expression observed in microarray results in the LECs were further validated using real-time reverse transcribed quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in 5-, 8-, and 10-week-old SCRs. A mild posterior and cortical opacity was observed in 5-week-old rats. Expressions of approximately 100 genes, including the major intrinsic protein of the lens fiber (Mip and Aquaporin 0), deoxyribonuclease II beta (Dnase2B), heat shock protein B1 (HspB1), and crystallin γ (γCry) B, C, and F, were found to be significantly downregulated (0.07-0.5-fold) in rat LECs derived from cataract lenses compared to that in noncataractous lenses (control). Thus, our study was aimed at identifying the gene expression patterns during cataract formation in SCRs, which may be responsible for cataractogenesis in SCR. We proposed that cataracts in SCR are associated with reduced expression of these lens genes that have been reported to be related with lens fiber differentiation. Our findings may have wider implications in understanding the effect of cholesterol deficiency and the role of cholesterol-lowering therapeutics on cataractogenesis.
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19
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Hong Y, Sun Y, Rong X, Li D, Lu Y, Ji Y. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells attenuate UVB-induced apoptosis, ROS, and the Ca 2+ level in HLEC cells. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112321. [PMID: 33045215 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage acid protein 1 (CRTAC1) encodes a protein containing the Ca2+binding domain, which can promote apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) induced by ultraviolet B radiation. Exosomes secreted from adipose-derived stem cells (ASC-exo) have been used to treat many diseases, but the effect of ASC-exo on cataracts has not been established. We hypothesized that ASC-exo has a therapeutic effect on cataracts by regulating CRTAC1. We established the UVB-induced injured HLECs model to test the interactions between CRTAC1 and miR-10a-5p, and the effect on the Ca2+ level and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in apoptotic HLECs. We found that UVB significantly increased the level of CRTAC1 expression and induced HLEC apoptosis, while ASC-exo inhibited the induction of UVB and exosome inhibitor reduced the inhibition of ASC-exo. The qRT-PCR results showed that miR-10a-5p had a low level of expression in cataract lesions, whereas CRTAC1 was highly expressed. There was a negative correlation between the expression of CRTAC1 and miR-10a-5p. ASC-exo reversed UVB-inhibited miR-10a-5p expression and miR-10a-5p negatively regulated CRTAC1. In vitro data showed that miR-10a-5p reversed UVB-induced ROS, apoptosis, and the Ca2+ level in HLECs. Overexpression of CRTAC1 reversed the induction of ASC-exo in UVB-injured HLECs, and low expression of CRTAC1 reversed the induction of miR-10a-5p inhibitor. By upregulating the level of miR-10a-5p expression and downregulating the level of CRTAC1 expression, exosomes from ASCs attenuated UVB-induced apoptosis, ROS generation, and the Ca2+ level in HLECs. Our research provides novel insight into the treatment methods and associated mechanisms underlying cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Hong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xianfang Rong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dan Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yinghong Ji
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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20
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Liu F, Fu J, Wang L, Nie Q, Luo Z, Hou M, Yang Y, Gong X, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Xiang J, Hu X, Zhang L, Wu M, Chen W, Cheng B, Luo L, Zhang X, Liu X, Zheng D, Huang S, Liu Y, Li DW. Molecular signature for senile and complicated cataracts derived from analysis of sumoylation enzymes and their substrates in human cataract lenses. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13222. [PMID: 32827359 PMCID: PMC7576240 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation is one of the key regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotes. Our previous studies reveal that sumoylation plays indispensable roles during lens differentiation (Yan et al. 2010. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:21034-21039; Gong et al. 2014. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 111:5574-5579). Whether sumoylation is implicated in cataractogenesis, a disease largely derived from aging, remains elusive. In the present study, we have examined the changing patterns of the sumoylation ligases and de-sumoylation enzymes (SENPs) and their substrates including Pax6 and other proteins in cataractous lenses of different age groups from 50 to 90 years old. It is found that compared with normal lenses, sumoylation ligases 1 and 3, de-sumoylation enzymes SENP3/7/8, and p46 Pax6 are clearly increased. In contrast, Ubc9 is significantly decreased. Among different cataract patients from 50s to 70s, male patients express more sumoylation enzymes and p46 Pax6. Ubc9 and SENP6 display age-dependent increase. The p46 Pax6 displays age-dependent decrease in normal lens, remains relatively stable in senile cataracts but becomes di-sumoylated in complicated cataracts. In contrast, sumoylation of p32 Pax6 is observed in senile cataracts and increases its stability. Treatment of rat lenses with oxidative stress increases Pax6 expression without sumoylation but promotes apoptosis. Thus, our results show that the changing patterns in Ubc9, SENP6, and Pax6 levels can act as molecular markers for senile cataract and the di-sumoylated p46 Pax6 for complicated cataract. Together, our results reveal the presence of molecular signature for both senile and complicated cataracts. Moreover, our study indicates that sumoylation is implicated in control of aging and cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang‐Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jia‐Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Qian Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhongwen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Min Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiao‐Dong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jiawen Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xuebin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Mingxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Bing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Lixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Danying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Shengsong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - David Wan‐Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
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21
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Cui G, Wang L, Huang W. Circular RNA HIPK3 regulates human lens epithelial cell dysfunction by targeting the miR-221-3p/PI3K/AKT pathway in age-related cataract. Exp Eye Res 2020; 198:108128. [PMID: 32681842 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNA Homeodomain Interacting Protein Kinase 3 (circHIPK3) was found to involve in the pathogenesis of age-related cataract (ARC). Here, we further disclosed the related target genes and molecular mechanism of circHIPK3 in the ARC progression. The expression of circHIPK3, microRNA (miR)-221-3p was detected using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Human lens epithelial cell (HLEC) proliferation and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4, 5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3, 5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the levels of apoptosis-related proteins, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/p-protein kinase B (AKT) pathway-related proteins. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were measured by kits. The interaction between miR-221-3p and circHIPK3 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. CircHIPK3 was down-regulated while miR-221-3p was up-regulated in human lens epithelium samples of ARC patients. CircHIPK3 up-regulation or miR-221-3p down-regulation mediated the promotion of proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, decrease of MDA level as well as increase of GSH-PX level in HLECs. MiR-221-3p was a target of circHIPK3, and miR-221-3p overexpression reversed the protective action of circHIPK in HLEC functions. In addition, circHIPK3 activated PI3K/AKT pathway via regulating miR-221-3p, and silencing miR-221-3p protected HLECs from dysfunction by activating PI3K/AKT pathway. We demonstrated that circHIPK3 protected HLECs from dysfunction by regulating miR-221-3p/PI3K/AKT pathway, indicating a new insight into the pathogenesis of ARC and providing a potential therapeutic target for ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangfeng Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 317000, China.
| | - Ledan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 317000, China
| | - Wenjuan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 317000, China
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22
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Wang L, Nie Q, Gao M, Yang L, Xiang JW, Xiao Y, Liu FY, Gong XD, Fu JL, Wang Y, Nguyen QD, Liu Y, Liu M, Li DWC. The transcription factor CREB acts as an important regulator mediating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by suppressing αB-crystallin expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13594-13617. [PMID: 32554860 PMCID: PMC7377838 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The general transcription factor, CREB has been shown to play an essential role in promoting cell proliferation, neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity in the nervous system. However, its function in stress response remains to be elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated that CREB plays a major role in mediating stress response. In both rat lens organ culture and mouse lens epithelial cells (MLECs), CREB promotes oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. To confirm that CREB is a major player mediating the above stress response, we established stable lines of MLECs stably expressing CREB and found that they are also very sensitive to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. To define the underlying mechanism, RNAseq analysis was conducted. It was found that CREB significantly suppressed expression of the αB-crystallin gene to sensitize CREB-expressing cells undergoing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. CREB knockdown via CRISPR/CAS9 technology led to upregulation of αB-crystallin and enhanced resistance against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Moreover, overexpression of exogenous human αB-crystallin can restore the resistance against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Finally, we provided first evidence that CREB directly regulates αB-crystallin gene. Together, our results demonstrate that CREB is an important transcription factor mediating stress response, and it promotes oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by suppressing αB-crystallin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Lan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Wen Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | - Yuan Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Ling Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan Dong Nguyen
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | - Yizhi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Mugen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
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23
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Yang H, Cui Y, Tang Y, Tang X, Yu X, Zhou J, Yin Q, Shentu X. Cytoprotective role of humanin in lens epithelial cell oxidative stress‑induced injury. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1467-1479. [PMID: 32627019 PMCID: PMC7339735 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced injury and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) are early events in the development of age-related cataracts (ARCs). Humanin (HN) is a mitochondrial-related peptide that serves a cytoprotective role in various cell types and animal models. Following HN knockdown or overexpression, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial DNA copy number, cell viability, LDH activity and apoptosis of HLECs under oxidative stress were detected, and apoptosis and autophagy were detected via transmission electron microscopy. The results suggested that HN may be involved in the response of HLECs to oxidative stress, and that HN expression was significantly upregulated under oxidative stress conditions. Furthermore, exogenous HN reduced intracellular ROS content and mitochondrial damage, and enhanced mitochondrial biosynthesis; however, this protection was lost in an endogenous HN knockdown cell model. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to identify that HN increased mitochondrial autophagy, which was involved in reducing ROS production under oxidative stress. The present study indicated a potential mechanism underlying the anti-oxidative damage and apoptotic effects of HN under oxidative stress. In conclusion, HN may be a potential therapeutic target for ARCs as it has a significant cellular protective effect on HLECs under oxidative stress; therefore, further study is required to investigate its role in the occurrence and development of ARCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yilei Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yelei Tang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiajing Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jiayue Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Qichuan Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xingchao Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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24
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Du S, Shao J, Qi Y, Liu X, Liu J, Zhang F. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL alleviates H 2O 2-induced injury by up-regulating microRNA-21 in human lens epithelial cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6543-6557. [PMID: 32310822 PMCID: PMC7202488 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The accurate role of ANRIL in cataract is poorly understood. We aimed to reveal the effects of ANRIL on H2O2-treated HLECs, SRA01/04, as well as the regulatory mechanisms. Oxidative stress model of HLECs was induced by H2O2. Cell injury was evaluated according to cell proliferation, apoptosis and DNA damage using CCK-8 assay/flow cytometry and TUNEL assays/γH2AX staining. Expressions of ANRIL and miR-21 in HLECs were determined by RT-qPCR. The effects of miR-21, miR-34a and miR-122-5p inhibition as well as AMPK and β-catenin on HLECs with ANRIL overexpression and H2O2 stimulation were analyzed. In vivo experiment was performed via RT-qPCR. H2O2 repressed proliferation and induced apoptosis or DNA damage in HLECs. Those alterations induced by H2O2 were attenuated by ANRIL overexpression. MiR-21 was positively regulated by ANRIL, and both of them were repressed in H2O2-induced HLECs and cataract patient tissues. Inhibition of miR-21 but not miR-34a or miR-122-5p reversed the effects of ANRIL on H2O2-treated HLECs. Phosphorylation of AMPK and expression of β-catenin were increased by ANRIL via regulating miR-21. AMPK and β-catenin affected beneficial function of ANRIL-miR-21 axis.Therefore, lncRNA ANRIL attenuated H2O2-induced cell injury in HELCs via up-regulating miR-21 via the activation of AMPK and β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jingzhi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xuhui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Fengyan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
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25
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Liu K, Zhao J, Yang L, Guan M, Yuan L, Geng Y. Protective effects of calbindin‑D28K on the UVB radiation‑induced apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1793-1802. [PMID: 32236567 PMCID: PMC7169820 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calbindin-D28K (Calb1) may protect human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) from apoptosis, which is a process resulting in individual cell death. The protective effects of Calb1 may be attributed to buffering high concentrations of Ca2+. The present study investigated the mechanisms through which Calb1 protects SRA01/04 cells (a human lens epithelial cell line) against apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. Cells transfected with a lentivirus overexpressing Calb1 and control cells were treated with 40 µW/cm2 irradiation for 15 min and then cultured for 24 h. The changes in intracellular Ca2+ were detected by colorimetry, and the protein expression levels of Bad, Bcl-2 and caspase-12 were measured by western blot analysis. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration of control HLECs increased significantly following UVB irradiation, whereas in Calb1-overexpressing cells, the Ca2+ levels remained steady. In the control cells, the expression of Bad and caspase-12 was upregulated, and that of Bcl-2 was down-regulated. Notably, during UVB radiation-induced apoptosis, the overexpression of Calb1 inhibited cell death, resulting in the decreased expression of Bad and caspase-12, and in the upregulated expression of Bcl-2. These results suggested that Calb1 inhibited the upregulation of genes involved in apoptosis. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of Calb1 resulted in increased rates of UVB radiation-induced apoptosis, the increased expression of Bad and caspase-12, and the decreased expression of Bcl-2, further demonstrating that Calb1 may mediate UVB radiation-mediated apoptosis by regulating Ca2+. On the whole, the findings of the present study indicate that UVB exposure can lead to an imbalance in the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in HLECs and that Calb1 protein exerts a negative effect on the expression of pro-apoptotic genes in HLECs. Calb1 may thus inhibit the UVB radiation-induced apoptosis of HLECs by regulating Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 920th Hospital of The Joint Logistic Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Liushu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Meng Guan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
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26
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Xiang JW, Xiao Y, Gan Y, Chen H, Liu Y, Wang L, Nie Q, Liu F, Gong X, Fu JL, Qing WJ, Yang L, Xie J, Luo Z, Qi R, Chen Z, Li DWC. Glucose Oxidase- and UVA-Induced Changes in the Expression Patterns of Seven De-sumoylation Enzymes (SENPs) Are Associated with Cataract Development. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:48-53. [PMID: 30854967 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190311094313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been well established that sumoylation acts as an important regulatory mechanism that controls many different cellular processes. We and others have shown that sumoylation plays an indispensable role during mouse eye development. Whether sumoylation is implicated in ocular pathogenesis remains to be further studied. In the present study, we have examined the expression patterns of the de-sumoylation enzymes (SENPs) in the in vitro cataract models induced by glucose oxidase and UVA irradiation. METHODS Four-week-old C57BL/6J mice were used in our experiments. Lenses were carefully dissected out from mouse eyes and cultured in M199 medium for 12 hours. Transparent lenses (without surgical damage) were selected for experimentation. The lenses were exposed to UVA for 60 min or treated with 20 mU/mL glucose oxidase (GO) to induce cataract formation. The mRNA levels were analyzed with qRT-PCR. The protein levels were determined with western blot analysis and quantitated with Image J. RESULTS GO treatment and UVA irradiation can induce cataract formation in lens cultured in vitro. GO treatment significantly down-regulated the mRNA levels for SENPs from 50% to 85%; on the other hand, expression of seven SENP proteins under GO treatment appeared in 3 situations: upregulation for SENP1, 2 and 6; downregulation for SENP 5 and 8; and unchanged for SENP3 and 7. UVA irradiation upregulates the mRNAs for all seven SENPs; In contrast to the mRNA levels for 7 SENPs, the expression levels for 6 SENPs (SENP1-3, 5-6 and 8) appeared down-regulated from 10% to 50%, and only SENP7 was slightly upregulated. CONCLUSION Our results for the first time established the differentiation expression patterns of 7 de-sumoylation enzymes (SENPs) under treatment by GO or UVA, which provide preliminary data to link sumoylation to stress-induced cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Yuwen Gan
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Ling Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Qian Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Xiaodong Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Jia-Ling Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Wen-Jie Qing
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Zhongwen Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Ruili Qi
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
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Sun Y, Rong X, Li D, Lu Y, Ji Y. NF-κB/Cartilage Acidic Protein 1 Promotes Ultraviolet B Irradiation-Induced Apoptosis of Human Lens Epithelial Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:513-521. [PMID: 31999475 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) is a characteristic change that occurs during the development of cataracts. Ultraviolet B (UVB) is known to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in HLECs, and thus cause cataracts. Previously, we reported the functions of cartilage acidic protein 1 (CRTAC1) in UVB-treated HLECs. However, the underlying mechanism was not known. In this study, we found that CRTAC1 expression and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 nuclear translocation were elevated in capsule tissues of cataract patients in comparison with normal controls. The NF-κB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), alleviated UVB-induced apoptosis in HLECs; while activation of NF-κB suppressed the effects of the ROS inhibitor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), on UVB-treated HLECs. The expression and promoter activity of CRTAC1 was inhibited by PDTC and NAC. Moreover, the suppressed effects of CRTAC1 knockdown on UVB-induced ROS generation, cell apoptosis, nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and p38 phosphorylation were attenuated by a p38 agonist. In contrast, the p38 inhibitor abolished the promotional effects of CRTAC1 overexpression on HLECs. Taken together, our results for the first time show that NF-κB is a potential transcription factor for CRTAC1. The regulatory network involving NF-κB, CRTAC1, and p38 may therefore play an important role in cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianfang Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Yu H, Yu Y, Zhao Z, Cui L, Hou J, Shi H. Prdx6 is required to protect human corneal epithelial cells against ultraviolet B injury. Eur J Ophthalmol 2019; 31:367-378. [PMID: 31875691 DOI: 10.1177/1120672119896426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protective role of Prdx6 on rat corneal tissue against ultraviolet B injury in vivo has been confirmed previously. We further investigated the function and molecular mechanism of Prdx6 in human corneal epithelial cells under ultraviolet B radiation. METHODS The experimental groups were designed as follows: (1) Prdx6 RNAi, (2) Prdx6 RNAi + ultraviolet B radiation, (3) normal human corneal epithelial cells, (4) normal human corneal epithelial cells + ultraviolet B radiation, (5) wild-type Prdx6 overexpression, (6) wild-type Prdx6 overexpression + ultraviolet B radiation, (7) mutant-type Prdx6 overexpression, and (8) mutant-type Prdx6 overexpression + ultraviolet B radiation. The cell survival rate was detected by a Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide assay. Apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde were detected with a commercial kit. Gene expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We found the following results. (1) Compared to normal cells, the survival rates were 32%, 87%, and 58% under ultraviolet B radiation in the Prdx6 interference, wild-type overexpression, and mutant-type overexpression groups, respectively. The survival rates were decreased to 50% at 24 h and 31% at 48 h when the phospholipase A2 activity of Prdx6 was inhibited after ultraviolet B radiation. (2) Apoptosis, reactive oxygen species content, and malondialdehyde levels were increased when Prdx6 was downregulated. This phenomenon became more severe under ultraviolet B radiation. (3) The expression levels of apoptosis-related and antioxidant genes all changed along with the changes in expression of Prdx6. CONCLUSION (1) Both peroxidase and phospholipase A2 activities of Prdx6 are crucial for its protective role in corneal tissue. (2) Downregulated expression of Prdx6 resulted in high endoplasmic reticulum stress. (3) Apoptosis in human corneal epithelial cells with downregulated Prdx6 coupled with ultraviolet B radiation was related to the pathways of DNA damage and the death receptor. (4) Low levels of antioxidants are sufficient for maintaining homeostasis in human corneal epithelial cells without external stimuli. Under the condition that Prdx6 was downregulated, human corneal epithelial cells were more sensitive to ultraviolet B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjun Zhao
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Longbo Cui
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Jianhai Hou
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Hui Shi
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
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Rong X, Rao J, Li D, Jing Q, Lu Y, Ji Y. TRIM69 inhibits cataractogenesis by negatively regulating p53. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101157. [PMID: 30844644 PMCID: PMC6402377 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs), thus leading to the formation of cataracts. We studied the role of tripartite motif 69 (TRIM69) in cataract formation. The expression of TRIM69 protein was down-regulated in both human cataract capsule tissues and HLECs treated with UVB, whereas the expression of p53 protein exhibited an opposite trend. Ectopic expression of TRIM69 in HLECs significantly suppressed UVB-induced apoptosis and ROS production, whereas knockdown of TRIM69 promoted apoptosis and ROS production. TRIM69 can interact with p53 and induce its ubiquitination. The effects of TRIM69 overexpression in UVB-induced cell apoptosis and ROS production was clearly weakened by p53 overexpression, thus suggesting a role for p53 in TRIM69 functions. Furthermore, inhibition of ROS mitigated the effects of UVB irradiation on ROS production, cell apoptosis, forkhead box protein 3a (Foxo3a) phosphorylation, and TRIM69 expression. Additionally, Foxo3a overexpression significantly enhanced TRIM69 promoter activity, whereas Foxo3a knockdown had the opposite effect. In conclusion, we provide the first demonstration that Foxo3a is a potential transcription factor for TRIM69, and TRIM69 induces p53 ubiquitination. These results suggest that the Foxo3a/TRIM69/p53 regulatory network may be involved in cataract formation. TRIM69 significantly suppressed UVB-induced apoptosis and ROS production. TRIM69 can interact with p53 and induce its ubiquitination. Foxo3a overexpression significantly enhanced TRIM69 promoter activity. The Foxo3a/TRIM69/p53 regulatory network may be involved in cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfang Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jun Rao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi Cancer Center, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qinghe Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yinghong Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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30
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Nie Q, Wang L, Gong X, Xiang JW, Xiao Y, Xie J, Yang L, Chen H, Gan Y, Chen Z, Li DWC. Altered Expression Patterns of the Sumoylation Enzymes E1, E2 and E3 Are Associated with Glucose Oxidase- and UVA-Induced Cataractogenesis. Curr Mol Med 2019; 18:542-549. [PMID: 30636603 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190111152324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Protein sumoylation is a well established regulatory mechanism that regulates chromatin structure and dynamics, cell proliferation and differentiation, stress response and cell apoptosis. In the vertebrate eye, we and others have shown that sumoylation plays an indispensable role in regulating eye development. During stress induction and aging process, the ocular tissues gradually loss their normality and develop major ocular diseases such as cataract and aging-related macular degeneration. We have recently demonstrated that sumoylation actively regulates differentiation of lens cells, whether this process is implicated in lens pathogenesis remains to be investigated. In this study, we have demonstrated that transparent mouse lenses treated with glucose oxidase and UVA irradiation undergo in vitro cataract formation, and associated with this process, the expression patterns of the 3 sumoylation enzymes have been found significantly altered. METHODS Four-week-old C57BL/6J mice were used in our experiment. Lenses were carefully excised from eyes and cultured in M199 medium (Sigma 3769) for at least 12 hours. Transparent lenses (without surgical damage) were selected for experimentation. The lenses were exposed to UVA for 60 min or treated with 30 mU/mL glucose oxidase (GO, MP Biomedicals, 1673) to induce cataract formation. The mRNA levels were analysed with qRT-PCR. The protein levels were determined with western blot analysis and quantitated with Image J. RESULTS we have obtained the following results: 1) Both GO treatment and UVA irradiation can induce cataract formation in the in vitro cultured mouse lenses; 2) With GO treatment, the mRNAs and proteins for the 5 sumoylation enzymes were all significantly downregulated; 3) With UVA irradiation, the changes in the expression patterns of the mRNAs and proteins for the SAE1, UBA2 , UBC9 and PIAS1 were opposite, while the mRNAs were upregulated either significantly (for SAE1, UBA2 and UBC9) or slightly (PIAS1), the proteins for all 4 sumoylation enzymes were downregulated; For RanBP2, the UVA induced changes in both mRNA and protein are consist with the GO treatment. CONCLUSION Under GO and UVA irradiation conditions, the expression levels of both mRNA and protein for the three major sumoylation enzymes were significantly changed. Our results suggest that altered expression patterns of the sumoylation enzymes are associated with oxidative stressinduced cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Ling Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Xiaodong Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Jia-Wen Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jie Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Lan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yuwen Gan
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
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Lanosterol Synthase Pathway Alleviates Lens Opacity in Age-Related Cortical Cataract. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:4125893. [PMID: 30116630 PMCID: PMC6079410 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4125893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lanosterol synthase (LSS) abnormity contributes to lens opacity in rats, mice, dogs, and human congenital cataract development. This study examined whether LSS pathway has a role in different subtypes of age-related cataract (ARC). Methods A total of 390 patients with ARC and 88 age-matched non-ARC patients were enrolled in this study. LSS expression was analyzed by western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To further examine the function of LSS, we used U18666A, an LSS inhibitor in rat lens culture system. Results In lens epithelial cells (LECs), LSS expression in LECs increased with opaque degree C II, while it decreased with opaque degree C IV and C V. While in the cortex of age-related cortical cataract (ARCC), LSS expression was negatively related to opaque degree, while lanosterol level was positively correlated to opaque degree. No obvious change in both LSS and lanosterol level was found in either LECs or the cortex of age-related nuclear cataract (ARNC) and age-related posterior subcapsular cataract (ARPSC). In vitro, inhibiting LSS activity induced rat lens opacity and lanosterol effectively delayed the occurrence of lens opacity. Conclusions This study indicated that LSS and lanosterol were localized in the lens of human ARC, including ARCC, ARNC, and ARPSC. LSS and lanosterol level are only correlated with opaque degree of ARCC. Furthermore, activated LSS pathway in lens is protective for lens transparency in cortical cataract.
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Oltulu P, Oltulu R. The Association of Cataract and Lens Epithelial Cell Apoptosis in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome. Curr Eye Res 2017; 43:300-303. [PMID: 29182401 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1406524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to measure the density of apoptotic lens epithelial cells (LECs) and to determine its association with cataract formation in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients diagnosed with PEX without glaucoma (Group 1) and 22 eyes of 22 subjects without PEX (Group 2) were enrolled in this study. During cataract surgery, anterior capsule samples were obtained by the 5.5 mm continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis method. Apoptosis was determined with a TUNEL kit (Boster, Wuhan, China) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Four fields in each pathology preparation were chosen randomly under a microscope, and 100 cells were counted in each field to calculate the apoptosis rates. RESULTS Forty-three eyes of 43 subjects were enrolled in this study. There were no significant differences in age or sex between the two studied groups (p > 0.05). Under a microscope, the LECs were stained light blue and their nuclei were oval shaped. Positive stained cells were found occasionally in Group 2, while a significant amount of black-brown positively stained LECs with condensed nuclei was found in Group 1. The apoptosis rates were 35.2 ± 2.1% and 14.1 ± 1% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The proportion of positively stained LECs was higher in Group 1 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that apoptosis in LECs is the pathophysiological mechanism for the higher rate of cataracts in PEX patients, in addition to the ocular ischemia hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pembe Oltulu
- a Department of Pathology , Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine , Konya , Turkey
| | - Refik Oltulu
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine , Konya , Turkey
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33
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Fan F, Zhuang J, Zhou P, Liu X, Luo Y. MicroRNA-34a promotes mitochondrial dysfunction-induced apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells by targeting Notch2. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110209-110220. [PMID: 29299142 PMCID: PMC5746377 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Human lens epithelial cell (HLEC) apoptosis is a common pathogenic mechanism in age-related cataracts (ARC). While the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the eye is beginning to be explored using miRNA expression array, the role of miR-34a in regulating HLEC apoptosis remains unknown and requires further investigation. Methods Quantitative reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the expression level of miR-34a in cataractous and control samples. MiR-34a mimics and small interfering RNAs were transfected into SRA01/04. Cell apoptosis and oxidative stress were assessed by flow cytometry. The Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System was used to confirm whether miR-34a bound to the 3'-UTR of the target gene and blocked its activity. The potential roles of the identified target genes in apoptosis and mitochondria dysfunction were also evaluated. Results The expression of miR-34a increased in lens epithelial samples of ARC compared with the transparent group (cataract 2.41±0.81 vs. control 1.20±0.44, P=0.005). In cultured SRA01/04, miR-34a increased reactive oxygen species production and induced apoptosis (early apoptosis: 45.55%±5.96% vs. 15.85%±4.93%, P<0.01; late apoptosis: 6.10%±2.67% vs. 0.95%±0.42%, P<0.01). Overexpression of miR-34a promoted mitochondria-mediated apoptosis through activation of caspase-9, disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, blocking of mitochondrial energy metabolism and enhancement of cytochrome C release. Furthermore, Notch1 and Notch2 were confirmed as putative targets of miR-34a, but only Notch2 was verified as the effector that triggered mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Conclusion MicroRNA-34a is increased in the cataractous lens and triggers mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and oxidative stress by suppressing Notch2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Myopia Key Laboratory of The Health Ministry and Visual Impairment and Reconstruction Key Laboratory of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Parkway Health Hongqiao Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Myopia Key Laboratory of The Health Ministry and Visual Impairment and Reconstruction Key Laboratory of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Myopia Key Laboratory of The Health Ministry and Visual Impairment and Reconstruction Key Laboratory of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Su D, Hu S, Guan L, Wu X, Shi C, Yang X, Ma X. Down-regulation of GJA3 is associated with lens epithelial cell apoptosis and age-related cataract. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:159-164. [PMID: 28088522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lens epithelial cell apoptosis is regarded as the common molecular basis of the initiation and subsequent progression of cataract. Recent studies have shown that Oxidative radicals derived from H2O2 causes lens epithelial cell apoptosis, While much work still needs to be done to elucidate this important mechanism of lens epithelial cell apoptosis induced by H2O2. The present study investigated the effect of human lens epithelial cell (SRA01/04) apoptosis induced by H2O2 and the possible molecular mechanism involved. Our data in this report has validated that H2O2 is an effective inducer of lens epithelial cells apoptosis, with the concentrations of H2O2 (100 μM). Moreover, we revealed that the down regulation of the GJA3 gene was associated with H2O2-induced lens epithelial cells apoptosis. Over-expression of GJA3 gene restrained the lens epithelial cells apoptosis induced by H2O2. Furthermore, GJA3 V44 M mutation partly inhibited the capacity of GJA3 to suppress apoptosis induced by H2O2 in SRA01/04 cells, eliciting the critical role of GJA3 in H2O2-induced lens epithelial cells apoptosis. The in vivo results indicated that down-regulation of GJA3 in lens epithelial cells was associated with age-related cataract genesis. Data from this study established the association of GJA3 down regulation with lens epithelial cells apoptosis and age-related cataract genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Su
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lina Guan
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhu Wu
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Cuige Shi
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xu Ma
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.
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Zhang F, Meng W, Tong B. Down-Regulation of MicroRNA-133b Suppresses Apoptosis of Lens Epithelial Cell by Up-Regulating BCL2L2 in Age-Related Cataracts. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4139-4145. [PMID: 27802259 PMCID: PMC5094470 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-133b (miR-133b) has been reported to be involved in many diseases, including ovarian cancer and osteosarcoma. Accumulating evidence suggests that miR-133b plays important roles in human disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism, including the potential regulator and signaling pathways, of BCL2L2. Material/Methods We first searched the online miRNA database (www.mirdb.org) using the “seed sequence” located within the 3′-UTR of the target gene, and then performed luciferase assay to test the regulatory relationship between miR-133b and BCL2L2. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to determine the expression of BCL2L2 in human samples or cells treated with miRNA mimics or inhibitors. Flow cytometry was conducted to evaluate the apoptosis status of the cells. Results We validated BCL2L2 to be the direct gene using a luciferase reporter assay. We also conducted real-time PCR and Western blot analyses to study the mRNA and protein expression level of BCL2L2 among different groups (control: n=29, cataract: n=33) or cells treated with scramble control, miR-133b mimics, BCL2L2 siRNA, and miR-133b inhibitors, and identified the negative regulatory relationship between miR-133b and BCL2L2. We also conducted experiments to investigate the influence of miR-133b and BCL2L2 on the viability and apoptosis of cells. The results showed that miR-133b positively interfered with the viability of cells, while BCL2L2 negatively interfered with the viability of cells, and that miR-133b inhibited apoptosis while BCL2L2 accelerated apoptosis. Conclusions BCL2L2 was the virtual target of miR-133b, and we found a negative regulatory relationship between miR-133b and BCL2L2. MiR-133b and BCL2L2 interfered with the viability and apoptosis of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Beizhou, Binzhou, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Weizhe Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Binzhou, Binzhou, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Binzhou, Binzhou, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Wu J, Li X, Fang H, Yi Y, Chen D, Long Y, Gao X, Wei X, Chen CYO. Investigation of synergistic mechanism and identification of interaction site of aldose reductase with the combination of gigantol and syringic acid for prevention of diabetic cataract. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:286. [PMID: 27520089 PMCID: PMC4983052 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gigantol and syringic acid (SA) have been shown to synergistically prevent formation of diabetic cataract (DC). However, the exact mechanism of this effect is unknown. Here, we investigate the effect of these compounds on the activity of aldose reductase (AR) and cataract formation. METHODS We examined the synergistic anti-cataract efficacy of gigantol and SA in the high glucose- and streptozotocin -induced DC rat model; synergism was evaluated using Jin's formula. We investigated possible mechanisms of action by measuring AR expression and activity and levels of sorbitol using enzyme kinetics, Western blot, and RT-PCR. Finally, we examined binding interaction between AR and both compounds using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, recombinant expression of wild-type and mutant proteins, and enzyme kinetics. RESULTS Combination treatment of gigantol and SA synergistically protected both HLECs(human lens epithelial cells) grown in vitro and DC formation in STZ-induced rats in vivo. Synergism was attributed to inhibition of AR activity, downregulation of AR expression via impaired transcription, and decreased sorbitol levels. Enzyme kinetics studies showed that the activity of an AR Asn160Ala mutant protein was significantly decreased compared to wild-type AR, confirming that Asn160 is a key residue for interaction between AR and both compounds. CONCLUSION Combined administration of gigantol and SA synergize to enhance anti-cataract efficacy. The synergistic effect is mainly attributed to disruption of the polyol pathway and inhibition of AR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanqun Yi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 02111, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 02111, Boston, MA, USA
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Li D, Qiu X, Yang J, Liu T, Luo Y, Lu Y. Generation of Human Lens Epithelial-Like Cells From Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2555-62. [PMID: 26991066 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Research Center; Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia; Ministry of Health; Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Xiaodi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Myopia; Ministry of Health; Shanghai China
- Department of Ophthalmology; Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Myopia; Ministry of Health; Shanghai China
- Department of Ophthalmology; Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Tianjin Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy for Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Myopia; Ministry of Health; Shanghai China
- Department of Ophthalmology; Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Myopia; Ministry of Health; Shanghai China
- Department of Ophthalmology; Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
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The role of Prdx6 in the protection of cells of the crystalline lens from oxidative stress induced by UV exposure. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2016; 60:408-18. [PMID: 27379999 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-016-0461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The immediate aim of this study was to investigate alterations in peroxiredoxin (Prdx) 6 at posttranslational levels, and the levels of protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lens epithelial cells (LECs) after exposure to severe oxidative stress, such as ultraviolet-B (UV-B). Our ultimate aim was to provide new information on antioxidant defenses in the lens and their regulation, thereby broadening existing knowledge of the role of Prdx6 in lens physiology and pathophysiology. METHODS The expression of the hyperoxidized form of Prdx6 and oxidation of protein were analyzed by western blotting and the OxyBlot assay in human LECs (hLECs). ROS levels were quantified using DCFH-DA dye, and cell viability was quantified by the MTS and TUNEL assays. To evaluate the protective effect of Prdx6, we cultured lenses with or without the TAT transduction domain (TAT-HA-Prdx6) and observed (and photographed) the cultures at specified time-points after the exposure to UV-B for the development of opacity. RESULTS Prdx6 in hLECs was hyperoxidized after exposure to high amounts of UV-B. UV-B treatment of hLECs increased the levels of cell death, protein oxidation, and ROS. hLECs exposed to UV-B showed higher levels of ROS, which could be reduced by the application of extrinsic TAT-HA-Prdx6, attenuating UV-B-induced lens opacity and apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSION Excessive oxidative stress induces the hyperoxidation of Prdx6 and may reduce the ability of Prdx6 to protect LECs against ROS or stresses. Because extrinsic Prdx6 could attenuate UV-B-induced abuse, this molecule may have a potential in preventing cataractogenesis.
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Zhu L, Zhao K, Lou D. Apoptosis Factors of Lens Epithelial Cells Responsible for Cataractogenesis in Vitrectomized Eyes with Silicone Oil Tamponade. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:788-96. [PMID: 26956740 PMCID: PMC4787524 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the expression of apoptotic factors Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 in lens epithelial cells (LECs) from cataracts secondary to pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil (SO) tamponade. We also investigated the impact of SO emulsification on the expression of apoptotic factors. Material/Methods Anterior capsulotomy specimens of 20 eyes in 20 patients with cataract secondary to SO tamponade (Group 2), were collected. Another 20 eyes of 20 patients with age-related cataract (Group 1) were recruited as controls. The anterior capsule specimens were obtained from the patients during cataract surgery, frozen and later analyzed with respect to immunohistochemical stains of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 using a confocal microscope. Results Age, sex, and laterality did not show any difference between the 2 groups. There was a greater increase in Bax and Caspase-3 expression in LEC in Group 2 than in Group 1 (PBax<0.0001, PCaspase-3<0.0001). The Bcl-2 expression decreased in Group 2, although the difference was not significant (P=0.616). The changes of apoptosis factors are not associated to SO emulsification (PBax=0.354, PBcl-2=0.728, PCaspase-3=0.939). Conclusions The caspase-3-dependent apoptosis of LECs increased in complicated cataract patients with SO endotamponade. The Bax played a critical role in regulating apoptosis of LECs in vitrectomized eyes with SO tamponade. The SO emulsification had no significant impact on the expression of apoptosis factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Dinghua Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Lim SA, Joo CK, Kim MS, Chung SK. Expression of p53 and caspase-8 in lens epithelial cells of diabetic cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg 2014; 40:1102-8. [PMID: 24957431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine expression of apoptotic factors p53 and caspase-8 in human lens epithelial cells (LECs) of cataract patients with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR), the duration of diabetes mellitus (DM), and the level of glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]). SETTING St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea. DESIGN Randomized prospective study. METHODS The LECs were isolated during cataract surgery. The isolated samples were classified into 4 groups as follows: patients without DM (Group 1), patients with DM but not DR (Group 2), diabetic patients with nonproliferative DR (Group 3), and diabetic patients with proliferative DR (Group 4). To explore the mechanism of apoptosis, the expressions of p53 and caspase-8 were measured by immunohistochemical staining and compared with the data according to the duration of DM, HbA1c levels, and severity of DR. RESULTS All groups comprised 15 eyes. The expressions of P53 and caspase-8 were higher in Groups 2, 3, and 4 than in Group 1 (P<.001). The expressions were statistically significantly increased with a longer duration of DM, higher HbA1c levels, and advanced DR. CONCLUSIONS The expressions of P53 and caspase-8 were strong in patients with DM and advanced DR. Knowledge of these relationships may lead to a better understanding of the development of diabetic cataract. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung A Lim
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital (Lim, Joo, Kim), and St. Paul's Hospital (Chung), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Choun-Ki Joo
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital (Lim, Joo, Kim), and St. Paul's Hospital (Chung), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Man Soo Kim
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital (Lim, Joo, Kim), and St. Paul's Hospital (Chung), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Sung Kun Chung
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital (Lim, Joo, Kim), and St. Paul's Hospital (Chung), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
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Ji Y, Cai L, Zheng T, Ye H, Rong X, Rao J, Lu Y. The mechanism of UVB irradiation induced-apoptosis in cataract. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 401:87-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Galichanin K, Löfgren S, Söderberg P. Cataract after repeated daily in vivo exposure to ultraviolet radiation. HEALTH PHYSICS 2014; 107:523-529. [PMID: 25353237 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate a correlation between lifelong exposure to ultraviolet radiation and cortical cataract. However, there is no quantitative experimental data on the effect of daily repeated in vivo exposures of the eye to UVR. Therefore, this experiment was designed to verify whether the dose additivity for UVR exposures holds through periods of time up to 30 d. Eighty rats were conditioned to a rat restrainer 5 d prior to exposure. All animals were divided into four exposure period groups of 1, 3, 10, and 30 d of exposure to UVR. Each exposure period group of 20 animals was randomly divided into five cumulated UVR dose subgroups. Eighteen-wk-old non-anesthetized albino Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed daily to UVR-300 nm for 15 min. One week after the last exposure, animals were sacrificed. The lenses were extracted for macroscopic imaging of dark-field anatomy, and degree of cataract was quantified by measurement of the intensity of forward lens light scattering. Maximum tolerable dose (MTD(2.3:16)), a statistically defined standard for sensitivity for the threshold for UVR cataract, was estimated for each exposure period. Exposed lenses developed cataract with varying appearance on the anterior surface. Single low doses of UVR accumulated to cause cataract during periods up to 30 d. MTD(2.3:16) for 1, 3, 10, and 30 d of repeated exposures was estimated to 4.70, 4.74, 4.80, and 6.00 kJ m(-2), respectively. In conclusion, the lens sensitivity to UVR-B for 18-wk-old Sprague-Dawley rats decreases with the increasing number of days being exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Galichanin
- *St. Erik Eye Hospital, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; †Gullstrand lab, Ophthalmology, Dep. of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Talebizadeh N, Yu Z, Kronschläger M, Söderberg P. Time evolution of active caspase-3 labelling after in vivo exposure to UVR-300 nm. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92:769-73. [PMID: 24698086 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the time evolution of active caspase-3 protein expression in albino rat lens after in vivo exposure to low-dose UVR-300 nm, as detected by immunofluorescence. METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were unilaterally exposed in vivo to 1 kJ/m(2) UVR-300 nm for 15 min. At 0.5, 8, 16 and 24 hr after the UVR exposure, the exposed and contralateral nonexposed lenses were removed and processed for immunohistochemistry. Three mid-sagittal sections from each lens were stained. The cells labelled for active caspase-3 in each section of both the exposed and nonexposed lenses were counted and recorded three times. The difference of the proportion of labelling between the exposed and contralateral nonexposed lenses within each animal was calculated. The differences of active caspase-3 labelling at four different time-points after exposure were used to determine the time evolution of active caspase-3 expression. RESULTS Caspase-3 expression was higher in the exposed than in contralateral nonexposed lenses. The mean difference between the exposed and contralateral nonexposed lenses, including all lenses from all time intervals, was 0.12 ± 0.01 (= CI 95%). The mean differences between the exposed and contralateral nonexposed lenses were 0.11 ± 0.02, 0.13 ± 0.02, 0.14 ± 0.01 and 0.09 ± 0.03 (= CI 95%) for the 0.5-, 8-, 16- and 24-hr time groups, respectively. The orthogonal comparison showed no difference in the expression of active caspase-3 between the 0.5- and the 24-hr groups (Test statistic 1.50, F1,36 = 4.11, p < 0.05) or between the 8- and the 16-hr groups (test statistic 0.05, F1,36 = 4.11, p < 0.05). There was a difference when comparing the 0.5- and 24-hr groups to the 8- and 16-hr groups (test statistic 7.01, F1,36 = 4.11, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of active caspase-3 in the lens epithelium increases after UVR exposure. There is a peak of expression approximately 16 hr after the exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Talebizadeh
- Gullstrand Lab; Ophthalmology; Department of Neuroscience; University of Uppsala; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Zhaohua Yu
- Gullstrand Lab; Ophthalmology; Department of Neuroscience; University of Uppsala; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Martin Kronschläger
- Gullstrand Lab; Ophthalmology; Department of Neuroscience; University of Uppsala; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Per Söderberg
- Gullstrand Lab; Ophthalmology; Department of Neuroscience; University of Uppsala; Uppsala Sweden
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Mok JW, Chang DJ, Joo CK. Antiapoptotic effects of anthocyanin from the seed coat of black soybean against oxidative damage of human lens epithelial cell induced by H2O2. Curr Eye Res 2014; 39:1090-8. [PMID: 24749765 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.903497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the protective effect of anthocyanin from black soybean in human lens epithelial cell line (HLE-B3) under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. METHODS Cytotoxicity of anthocyanin and H2O2 were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 test. Viability of HLE-B3 cells under various H2O2 concentration (0, 50 and 100 μM) with or without pretreatment of anthocyanin (0, 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml) was measured. After quantifying the percentage of the apoptosis by Annexin V assay and APO-BrdU TUNEL assay, we conducted western blot and immunostaining of apoptosis-related molecules; Bcl2, BAD, BAX, p53 and caspase-3. To confirm the effect of anthocyanin on an ex vivo model, its effect on cultures of the lenses of porcine were examined. RESULTS Anthocyanin reduced cell death of HLE-B3 under H2O2-induced oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. In Annexin V analysis, anthocyanin protected HLE-B3 cells from apoptosis. H2O2 increased the expression of BAX, BAD, p53 and caspase-3 in a time-dependent manner, those of which anthocyanin significantly decreased. On the other hand, Bcl2 was increased from anthocyanin-treated lens cells. And in anthocyanin-treated lens organ culture, transparency was maintained. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that anthocyanin protects HLE-B3 cells under oxidative stress from apoptosis, and the mechanism of the effect is related to the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Anthocyanin has a potential in prevention of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Won Mok
- Catholic Institute for Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
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Palsamy P, Bidasee KR, Ayaki M, Augusteyn RC, Chan JY, Shinohara T. Methylglyoxal induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and DNA demethylation in the Keap1 promoter of human lens epithelial cells and age-related cataracts. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:134-48. [PMID: 24746615 PMCID: PMC4410980 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Age-related cataracts are a leading cause of blindness. Previously, we have demonstrated the association of the unfolded protein response with various cataractogenic stressors. However, DNA methylation alterations leading to suppression of lenticular antioxidant protection remains unclear. Here, we report the methylglyoxal-mediated sequential events responsible for Keap1 promoter DNA demethylation in human lens epithelial cells, because Keap1 is a negative regulatory protein that regulates the Nrf2 antioxidant protein. Methylglyoxal induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and activates the unfolded protein response leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species before human lens epithelial cell death. Methylglyoxal also suppresses Nrf2 and DNA methyltransferases but activates the DNA demethylation pathway enzyme TET1. Bisulfite genomic DNA sequencing confirms the methylglyoxal-mediated Keap1 promoter DNA demethylation leading to overexpression of Keap1 mRNA and protein. Similarly, bisulfite genomic DNA sequencing shows that human clear lenses (n = 15) slowly lose 5-methylcytosine in the Keap1 promoter throughout life, at a rate of 1% per year. By contrast, diabetic cataractous lenses (n = 21) lose an average of 90% of the 5-methylcytosine regardless of age. Overexpressed Keap1 protein is responsible for decreasing Nrf2 by proteasomal degradation, thereby suppressing Nrf2-dependent stress protection. This study demonstrates for the first time the associations of unfolded protein response activation, Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system failure, and loss of Keap1 promoter methylation because of altered active and passive DNA demethylation pathway enzymes in human lens epithelial cells by methylglyoxal. As an outcome, the cellular redox balance is altered toward lens oxidation and cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyasamy Palsamy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Keshore R Bidasee
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Masahiko Ayaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University, Tokyo 1698582, Japan
| | - Robert C Augusteyn
- Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jefferson Y Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Toshimichi Shinohara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Li F, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhou J, Yang L, Guan H. Expression and methylation of DNA repair genes in lens epithelium cells of age-related cataract. Mutat Res 2014; 766-767:31-6. [PMID: 25847269 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of age-related cataract (ARC) is associated with DNA damage of the lens epithelial cells (LECs). This study aimed to investigate the expression level of DNA repair genes in LECs of ARC and examine whether any altered expression observed could result from DNA methylation of the promoter region of the genes. The expression levels of DNA repair genes were evaluated by microarray analysis. The results were further confirmed by qRT-PCR. DNA methylation of genes with altered expression was determined by bisulfite-specific (BSP) PCR. The mRNA levels of 10 DNA repair genes were decreased and the level of 1 DNA repair gene was increased in LECs of ARC patients compared with controls. The promoter region of the MGMT gene was hypermethylated in ARC tissue compared to controls. The data provide evidence that altered expression of DNA repair genes is associated with pathogenesis of ARC. DNA methylation of MGMT may regulate the expression of the gene and be involved in the development of ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
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UVB irradiation-induced dysregulation of plasma membrane calcium ATPase1 and intracellular calcium homeostasis in human lens epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 382:263-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Li Y, Jia Y, Zhou J, Huang K. Effect of methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 silencing on high-glucose-induced apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells. Life Sci 2012; 92:193-201. [PMID: 23270945 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine roles of methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (MsrB1) in protecting lens mitochondria against oxidative damage, the influences of MsrB1 gene silencing on high-glucose-induced apoptosis in human lens epithelial (HLE) cells were studied. MAIN METHODS Our study used four groups of cells: normal control, MsrB1 gene silenced, high glucose (30mM) exposed and MsrB1 gene silenced cells followed with high glucose exposure. In all cases we detected cell viability, cell apoptosis rate, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c as well as an increase in activity of caspase-3. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that MsrB1 gene silencing by short interfering RNA (siRNA) in HLE cells clearly resulted in oxidative stress, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and release of mitochondrial cytochrome c as well as an increase in activity of caspase-3 and the percentage of apoptotic cells. When MsrB1-silenced HLE cells were exposed to high glucose, characteristic of high-glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions were further exacerbated. SIGNIFICANCE MsrB1 plays important roles in protecting HLE cell mitochondria against oxidative damage and inhibits oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in diabetic cataracts by scavenging ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430074, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
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50
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Ou Y, Yuan Z, Li K, Yang X. Phycocyanin may suppress d-galactose-induced human lens epithelial cell apoptosis through mitochondrial and unfolded protein response pathways. Toxicol Lett 2012; 215:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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