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Giubertoni G, Feng L, Klein K, Giannetti G, Rutten L, Choi Y, van der Net A, Castro-Linares G, Caporaletti F, Micha D, Hunger J, Deblais A, Bonn D, Sommerdijk N, Šarić A, Ilie IM, Koenderink GH, Woutersen S. Elucidating the role of water in collagen self-assembly by isotopically modulating collagen hydration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313162121. [PMID: 38451946 PMCID: PMC10945838 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313162121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Water is known to play an important role in collagen self-assembly, but it is still largely unclear how water-collagen interactions influence the assembly process and determine the fibril network properties. Here, we use the H[Formula: see text]O/D[Formula: see text]O isotope effect on the hydrogen-bond strength in water to investigate the role of hydration in collagen self-assembly. We dissolve collagen in H[Formula: see text]O and D[Formula: see text]O and compare the growth kinetics and the structure of the collagen assemblies formed in these water isotopomers. Surprisingly, collagen assembly occurs ten times faster in D[Formula: see text]O than in H[Formula: see text]O, and collagen in D[Formula: see text]O self-assembles into much thinner fibrils, that form a more inhomogeneous and softer network, with a fourfold reduction in elastic modulus when compared to H[Formula: see text]O. Combining spectroscopic measurements with atomistic simulations, we show that collagen in D[Formula: see text]O is less hydrated than in H[Formula: see text]O. This partial dehydration lowers the enthalpic penalty for water removal and reorganization at the collagen-water interface, increasing the self-assembly rate and the number of nucleation centers, leading to thinner fibrils and a softer network. Coarse-grained simulations show that the acceleration in the initial nucleation rate can be reproduced by the enhancement of electrostatic interactions. These results show that water acts as a mediator between collagen monomers, by modulating their interactions so as to optimize the assembly process and, thus, the final network properties. We believe that isotopically modulating the hydration of proteins can be a valuable method to investigate the role of water in protein structural dynamics and protein self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Giubertoni
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Molecular Photonics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam1090 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Liru Feng
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Molecular Photonics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam1090 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Klein
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Klosterneuburg3400, Austria
- University College London, Division of Physics and Astronomy, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Giannetti
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Molecular Photonics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam1090 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Luco Rutten
- Electron Microscopy Center, Radboud Technology Center Microscopy, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Yeji Choi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Anouk van der Net
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft2628 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Castro-Linares
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft2628 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Caporaletti
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Molecular Photonics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam1090 GD, The Netherlands
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam1090 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Human Genetics Department, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Hunger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Antoine Deblais
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam1090 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Bonn
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam1090 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Sommerdijk
- Electron Microscopy Center, Radboud Technology Center Microscopy, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Andela Šarić
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Klosterneuburg3400, Austria
| | - Ioana M. Ilie
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Molecular Photonics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam1090 GD, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam1090 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsje H. Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft2628 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Woutersen
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Molecular Photonics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam1090 GD, The Netherlands
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2
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Indermaur M, Casari D, Kochetkova T, Willie BM, Michler J, Schwiedrzik J, Zysset P. Does tissue fixation change the mechanical properties of dry ovine bone extracellular matrix? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106294. [PMID: 38128472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Tissue fixation is a prevalent method for bone conservation. Bone biopsies are typically fixed in formalin, dehydrated in ethanol, and infiltrated with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) Since some experiments can only be performed on fixed bone samples, it is essential to understand how fixation affects the measured material properties. The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of tissue fixation on the mechanical properties of cortical ovine bone at the extracellular matrix (ECM) level with state-of-the-art micromechanical techniques. A small section from the middle of the diaphysis of two ovine tibias (3.5 and 5.5 years old) was cut in the middle and polished on each side, resulting in a pair of mirrored surfaces. For each pair, one specimen underwent a fixation protocol involving immersion in formalin, dehydration with ethanol, and infiltration with PMMA. The other specimen (mirrored) was air-dried. Six osteons were selected in both pairs, which could be identified in both specimens. The influence of fixation on the mechanical properties was first analyzed using micropillar compression tests and nanoindentation in dry condition. Additionally, changes in the degree of mineralization were evaluated with Raman spectroscopy in both fixed and native bone ECM. Finally, micro tensile experiments were conducted in the 3.5-year fixed ovine bone ECM and compared to reported properties of unfixed dry ovine bone ECM. Interestingly, we found that tissue fixation does not alter the mechanical properties of ovine cortical bone ECM compared to experiments in dry state. However, animal age increases the degree of mineralization (p = 0.0159) and compressive yield stress (p = 0.041). Tissue fixation appears therefore as a valid conservation technique for investigating the mechanical properties of dehydrated bone ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Indermaur
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Daniele Casari
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Empa, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Kochetkova
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Empa, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Johann Michler
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Empa, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Schwiedrzik
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Empa, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Zysset
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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3
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Davis S, Zekonyte J, Karali A, Roldo M, Blunn G. Early Degenerative Changes in a Spontaneous Osteoarthritis Model Assessed by Nanoindentation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:995. [PMID: 37760097 PMCID: PMC10525236 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10090995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding early mechanical changes in articular cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone (SB) is crucial for improved treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to develop a method for nanoindentation of fresh, unfixed osteochondral tissue to assess the early changes in the mechanical properties of AC and SB. Nanoindentation was performed throughout the depth of AC and SB in the proximal tibia of Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs at 2 months, 3 months, and 2 years of age. The contralateral tibias were either histologically graded for OA or analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The results showed an increase in the reduced modulus (Er) in the deep zone of AC during early-stage OA (6.0 ± 1.75 MPa) compared to values at 2 months (4.04 ± 1.25 MPa) (*** p < 0.001). In severe OA (2-year) specimens, there was a significant reduction in Er throughout the superficial and middle AC zones, which correlated to increased ADAMTS 4 and 5 staining, and proteoglycan loss in these regions. In the subchondral bone, a 35.0% reduction in stiffness was observed between 2-month and 3-month specimens (*** p < 0.001). The severe OA age group had significantly increased SB stiffness of 36.2% and 109.6% compared to 2-month and 3-month-old specimens respectively (*** p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study provides useful information about the changes in the mechanical properties of both AC and SB during both early- and late-stage OA and indicates that an initial reduction in stiffness of the SB and an increase in stiffness in the deep zone of AC may precede early-stage cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Davis
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK; (M.R.); (G.B.)
- School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK; (J.Z.); (A.K.)
| | - Jurgita Zekonyte
- School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK; (J.Z.); (A.K.)
| | - Aikaterina Karali
- School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK; (J.Z.); (A.K.)
| | - Marta Roldo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK; (M.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK; (M.R.); (G.B.)
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Zhong Q, Zhou Q, Xiao T, Li X, Xu W, Li Y, Tao Y, Wu L, Zhou Z, Wong HM, Li QL. Er:YAG Laser Physical Etching and Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Cross-Linked Sodium Polyacrylate Chemical Etching for a Reliable Dentin Dry Bonding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39127-39142. [PMID: 37565782 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Dentin bond interface stability is the key issue of dental adhesion in present clinical dentistry. The concept of selective extrafibrillar demineralization has opened a new way to maintain intrafibrillar minerals to prevent interface degradation. Here, using ultra-high-molecular-weight sodium polyacrylate [Carbopol (Carbo) > 40 kDa] as a calcium chelator, we challenge this concept and propose a protocol for reliable dentin dry bonding. The results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed periodic bands of 67 nm dentin collagen fibrils after Carbo etching, and the hydroxyproline concentration increasing with prolonged chelating time denied the concept of extrafibrillar demineralization. The results that wet and dry bonding with Carbo-based demineralization produced a weaker bond strength than the traditional phosphoric acid wet adhesion suggested that the Carbo-based demineralization is an unreliable adhesion strategy. A novel protocol of Er:YAG laser physical etching followed by Carbo chemical etching for dentin adhesion revealed that a micro-/nano-level rough, rigid, and non-collagen exposed dentin surface was produced, the micro-tensile bond strength was maintained after aging under dry and wet bonding modes, and in situ zymography and nanoleakage within the hybrid layers presented lower signals after aging. Cell culture in vitro and a rabbit deep dentin adhesion model in vivo proved that this protocol is safe and biocompatible. Taken together, the concept of extrafibrillar demineralization is limited and insufficient to use in the clinic. The strategy of Er:YAG laser physical etching followed by Carbo chemical etching for dentin adhesion produces a bonding effect with reliability, durability, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhong
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qingli Zhou
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wu Xu
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yang Tao
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Leping Wu
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48208-2576, United States
| | - Hai Ming Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Quan-Li Li
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Stomatology, Longgang Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
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5
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Momot KI. Hydrated Collagen: Where Physical Chemistry, Medical Imaging, and Bioengineering Meet. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10305-10316. [PMID: 36473185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body; however, what is not often appreciated is its fascinating physical chemistry and molecular physics. In this Perspective, we aim to expose some of the physicochemical phenomena associated with the hydration of collagen and to examine the role collagen's hydration water plays in determining its biological function as well as applications ranging from radiology to bioengineering. The main focus is on the Magic-Angle Effect, a phenomenon observed in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of anisotropic collagenous tissues such as articular cartilage and tendon. While the effect has been known in NMR and MRI for decades, its exact molecular mechanism remains a topic of debate and continuing research in scientific literature. We survey some of the latest research aiming to develop a comprehensive molecular-level model of the Magic-Angle Effect. We also touch on other fields where understanding of collagen hydration is important, particularly nanomechanics and mechanobiology, biomaterials, and piezoelectric sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin I Momot
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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6
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A Comprehensive Review on Collagen Type I Development of Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering: From Biosynthesis to Bioscaffold. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092307. [PMID: 36140407 PMCID: PMC9496548 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant structural protein found in humans and mammals, particularly in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Its primary function is to hold the body together. The collagen superfamily of proteins includes over 20 types that have been identified. Yet, collagen type I is the major component in many tissues and can be extracted as a natural biomaterial for various medical and biological purposes. Collagen has multiple advantageous characteristics, including varied sources, biocompatibility, sustainability, low immunogenicity, porosity, and biodegradability. As such, collagen-type-I-based bioscaffolds have been widely used in tissue engineering. Biomaterials based on collagen type I can also be modified to improve their functions, such as by crosslinking to strengthen the mechanical property or adding biochemical factors to enhance their biological activity. This review discusses the complexities of collagen type I structure, biosynthesis, sources for collagen derivatives, methods of isolation and purification, physicochemical characteristics, and the current development of collagen-type-I-based scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. The advancement of additional novel tissue engineered bioproducts with refined techniques and continuous biomaterial augmentation is facilitated by understanding the conventional design and application of biomaterials based on collagen type I.
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7
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Kochetkova T, Groetsch A, Indermaur M, Peruzzi C, Remund S, Neuenschwander B, Bellon B, Michler J, Zysset P, Schwiedrzik J. Assessing minipig compact jawbone quality at the microscale. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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8
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Zhang S, Luo X, Guo C, Huang K, Ding S, Li L, Zhou C, Li H. Tissue engineered bone via templated hBMSCs mineralization and its application for bone repairing. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:212937. [PMID: 35882130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To develop bone implants, a novel tissue-engineered bone was constructed via templated human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) mineralization. Firstly, an osteoid-like template (Os-template) with aligned collagen fibers was prepared and followed by seeding hBMSCs to mimic the process of bone formation. After being cultured over weeks, the cells produced collagen fibers in an orderly aligned osteomorphic fashion. Further, a novel tissue-engineered bone with mineralized collagen fiber (mOs-ECM) was subsequently achieved after cell mineralization, showing a high degree of osteomimicry in terms of both composition and structure. When applied to the rat cranial bone defect model, the mOs-ECM significantly promoted the new bone formation and fused with the host bone. The study indicated that microscopic cell mineralization could be guided by artificially designed templates and successfully fabricated a macroscopic implant with a pronounced effect on bone repairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Xueshi Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Shan Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lihua Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Changren Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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Influence of moisture content of frozen and embalmed human cadavers for identification of dentinal microcracks using micro-computed tomography. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 133:105310. [PMID: 35696968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of moisture content in frozen and embalmed human cadavers on the detection of dentinal microcracks using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The group of embalmed specimens included three mandibular and two maxillary segments each containing one tooth. The group of frozen cadavers consisted of two frozen mandibular bone-blocks with two teeth and one mandibular segment containing one tooth. The final number of teeth for each preservation method was n = 5. All specimens were scanned with eight different moisture conditions: 48 h wet, 2 h dry, 48 h wet, 24 h dry, 48 h wet, 1 wk dry, 48 h wet, 1 wk dry. Micro-CT images were screened for the presence of dentinal microcracks. Statistical analysis was performed by nonparametric analysis of variance (α = 5%). Only few microcracks were observed in wet and in 2 h dried bone-blocks with no significant differences (p = 0.63 and p = 0.23, respectively). There was a significant and steady increase of microcracks within the groups of dried specimens as follows: 2 h dry < 24 h dry < first wk dry < second wk dry (all p < 0.008). Preservation method had no significant influence on the visibility of microcracks (p = 0.98). Identification of dentinal microcracks on micro-CT images is influenced by moisture content of cadaveric bone-blocks irrespective of the preservation method.
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Cutaneous Perforators and Their Clinical Implications on Intrinsic Hand Flaps: A Systematic Review. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2022; 10:e4154. [PMID: 35475281 PMCID: PMC9029897 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Most hand flaps are local intrinsic flaps because hand perforators are small and fragile. The purpose of this review was to gather anatomical data on cutaneous perforators of the hand and their implications on intrinsic hand flaps. Methods: An electronic search was performed through PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and CINAHL in April 2021. The search terms included “hand,” “palm,” “manus,” “cutaneous artery,” “angiosome,” and “perforasome.” Studies were filtered according to the PRISMA flow chart, and critically appraised using the Quality Appraisal for Cadaveric Studies (QUAC) and Appraisal Tool for Cross-sectional Studies (AXIS). Results: A total of 33 studies were included, of which 20 were pure anatomical studies, 10 combined anatomical and clinical studies, and three imaging-based clinical studies. A total of 643 hands and 406 fingers were included. The dorsal aspect of the hand, the dorsal digits, hypothenar, midpalm, thenar, and dorsal wrist consistently have adequate, closely distributed perforators of small diameters and short pedicle lengths. A series of clinical studies proved the success of elevating local perforator flaps on each of these areas. Conclusions: The hand contained densely interlinked cutaneous perforators of varying sizes and pedicle lengths. Although some areas of the hand are still unexplored, knowledge on cutaneous perforators of the hand allows the creation of a variety of possibilities for intrinsic hand flap designs.
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Versiani MA, Cavalcante DM, Belladonna FG, Silva EJNL, Souza EM, De-Deus G. A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study dentinal microcracks. Int Endod J 2021; 55 Suppl 1:178-226. [PMID: 34743355 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this narrative review was to discuss the scientific milestones that led to the current understanding of the root dentinal microcrack phenomenon based on the interplay between the usage of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) as an analytical tool alongside a close-to-mouth experimental model. In 2009, reports on the development of dentinal microcracks in extracted teeth after root canal preparation triggered an awareness of the potential for vertical root fractures (VRFs) of endodontically treated teeth could be developed from defects created by the mechanical stress of nickel-titanium preparation systems on dentine. This assumption was taken for granted, even though no cause-effect relationship had been scientifically demonstrated. Since then, several studies using the sectioning method with extracted teeth have been published and the large discrepancy amongst their outcomes soon become evident. Moreover, the high frequency of reported dentinal microcracks largely contrasted with the clinical incidence of VRFs, raising doubts on their methodological reliability. Using micro-CT technology, it was demonstrated by several studies that, in extracted teeth, dentinal defects already existed before the endodontic procedures, indicating that the initial reports framed a non-existing cause-effect relationship between canal preparation and dentinal microcracks. Although these new findings contributed to a better comprehension of this phenomenon, the misconception that microcracks were the starting point for VRFs was only surpassed with a new in situ approach using fresh cadavers. Surprisingly, microcracks were not identified in sound teeth. As a conclusion, dentinal microcracks in extracted teeth can be considered a non-natural occurrence observed only in a laboratory set-up as a consequence of dehydration and storage conditions. Thus, dentinal microcracks shall not be considered as the starting point for VRFs as they do not manifest in non-extracted teeth. Identifying dentinal microcracks as a laboratory phenomenon highlights the impact of recent scientific developments to disclaim the clinical relevance of laboratory-obtained outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Erick Miranda Souza
- Department of Dentistry II, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Gustavo De-Deus
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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12
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Oosterlaken BM, van Rijt MMJ, Joosten RRM, Bomans PHH, Friedrich H, de With G. Time-Resolved Cryo-TEM Study on the Formation of Iron Hydroxides in a Collagen Matrix. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3123-3131. [PMID: 34161069 PMCID: PMC8278378 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The mineralization
of collagen via synthetic procedures has been
extensively investigated for hydroxyapatite as well as for silica
and calcium carbonate. From a fundamental point of view, it is interesting
to investigate whether collagen could serve as a generic mineralization
template for other minerals, like iron oxides. Here, bio-inspired
coprecipitation reaction, generally leading to the formation of magnetite,
is used to mineralize collagen with iron hydroxides. Platelet-shaped
green rust crystals form outside the collagen matrix, while inside
the collagen, nanoparticles with a size of 2.6 nm are formed, which
are hypothesized to be iron (III) hydroxide. Mineralization with nanoparticles
inside the collagen solely occurs in the presence of poly(aspartic
acid) (pAsp). In the absence of pAsp, magnetite particles are formed
around the collagen. Time-resolved cryo-TEM shows that during the
coprecipitation reaction, initially a beam-sensitive phase is formed,
possibly an Fe3+–pAsp complex. This beam-sensitive
phase transforms into nanoparticles. In a later stage, sheet-like
crystals are also found. After 48 h of mineralization, ordering of
the nanoparticles around one of the collagen sub-bands (the a-band)
is observed. This is very similar to the collagen–hydroxyapatite
system, indicating that mineralization with iron hydroxides inside
collagen is possible and proceeds via a similar mechanism as hydroxyapatite
mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernette M Oosterlaken
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Mark M J van Rijt
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Rick R M Joosten
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H H Bomans
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Friedrich
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbertus de With
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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13
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Marchesi A, Umeda K, Komekawa T, Matsubara T, Flechsig H, Ando T, Watanabe S, Kodera N, Franz CM. An ultra-wide scanner for large-area high-speed atomic force microscopy with megapixel resolution. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13003. [PMID: 34155261 PMCID: PMC8217563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is a powerful tool for visualizing the dynamics of individual biomolecules. However, in single-molecule HS-AFM imaging applications, x,y-scanner ranges are typically restricted to a few hundred nanometers, preventing overview observation of larger molecular assemblies, such as 2-dimensional protein crystal growth or fibrillar aggregation. Previous advances in scanner design using mechanical amplification of the piezo-driven x,y-positioning system have extended the size of HS-AFM image frames to several tens of micrometer, but these large scanners may suffer from mechanical instabilities at high scan speeds and only record images with limited pixel numbers and comparatively low lateral resolutions (> 20–100 nm/pixel), complicating single-molecule analysis. Thus, AFM systems able to image large sample areas at high speeds and with nanometer resolution have still been missing. Here, we describe a HS-AFM sample-scanner system able to record large topographic images (≤ 36 × 36 µm2) containing up to 16 megapixels, providing molecular resolution throughout the image frame. Despite its large size, the flexure-based scanner features a high resonance frequency (> 2 kHz) and delivers stable operation even at high scans speeds of up to 7.2 mm/s, minimizing the time required for recording megapixel scans. We furthermore demonstrate that operating this high-speed scanner in time-lapse mode can simultaneously identify areas of spontaneous 2-dimensional Annexin A5 crystal growth, resolve the angular orientation of large crystalline domains, and even detect rare crystal lattice defects, all without changing scan frame size or resolution. Dynamic processes first identified from overview scans can then be further imaged at increased frame rates in reduced scan areas after switching to conventional HS-AFM scanning. The added ability to collect large-area, high-resolution images of complex samples within biological-relevant time frames extends the capabilities of HS-AFM from single-molecule imaging to the study of large dynamic molecular arrays. Moreover, large-area HS-AFM scanning can generate detailed structural data sets from a single scan, aiding the quantitative analysis of structurally heterogenous samples, including cellular surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arin Marchesi
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Umeda
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takumi Komekawa
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeru Matsubara
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Holger Flechsig
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshio Ando
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kodera
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Clemens M Franz
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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14
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Oosterlaken BM, Vena MP, de With G. In Vitro Mineralization of Collagen. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004418. [PMID: 33711177 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Collagen mineralization is a biological process in many skeletal elements in the animal kingdom. Examples of these collagen-based skeletons are the siliceous spicules of glass sponges or the intrafibrillar hydroxyapatite platelets in vertebrates. The mineralization of collagen in vitro has gained interest for two reasons: understanding the processes behind bone formation and the synthesis of scaffolds for tissue engineering. In this paper, the efforts toward collagen mineralization in vitro are reviewed. First, general introduction toward collagen type I, the main component of the extracellular matrix in animals, is provided, followed by a brief overview of collagenous skeletons. Then, the in vitro mineralization of collagen is critically reviewed. Due to their biological abundance, hydroxyapatite and silica are the focus of this review. To a much lesser extent, also some efforts with other minerals are outlined. Combining all minerals and the suggested mechanisms for each mineral, a general mechanism for the intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen is proposed. This review concludes with an outlook for further improvement of collagen-based tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernette Maria Oosterlaken
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Paula Vena
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbertus de With
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
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15
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Ahn T, Gidley DW, Thornton AW, Wong-Foy AG, Orr BG, Kozloff KM, Banaszak Holl MM. Hierarchical Nature of Nanoscale Porosity in Bone Revealed by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4321-4334. [PMID: 33619964 PMCID: PMC8176962 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a hierarchical material primarily composed of collagen, water, and mineral that is organized into discrete molecular, nano-, micro-, and macroscale structural components. In contrast to the structural knowledge of the collagen and mineral domains, the nanoscale porosity of bone is poorly understood. In this study, we introduce a well-established pore characterization technique, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), to probe the nanoscale size and distribution of each component domain by analyzing pore sizes inherent to hydrated bone together with pores generated by successive removal of water and then organic matrix (including collagen and noncollagenous proteins) from samples of cortical bovine femur. Combining the PALS results with simulated pore size distribution (PSD) results from collagen molecule and microfibril structure, we identify pores with diameter of 0.6 nm that suggest porosity within the collagen molecule regardless of the presence of mineral and water. We find that water occupies three larger domain size regions with nominal mean diameters of 1.1, 1.9, and 4.0 nm-spaces that are hypothesized to associate with intercollagen molecular spaces, terminal segments (d-spacing) within collagen microfibrils, and interface spacing between collagen and mineral structure, respectively. Subsequent removal of the organic matrix determines a structural pore size of 5-6 nm for deproteinized bone-suggesting the average spacing between mineral lamella. An independent method to deduce the average mineral spacing from specific surface area (SSA) measurements of the deproteinized sample is presented and compared with the PALS results. Together, the combined PALS and SSA results set a range on the mean mineral lamella thickness of 4-8 nm.
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16
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Nanofibrous Gelatin-Based Biomaterial with Improved Biomimicry Using D-Periodic Self-Assembled Atelocollagen. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:biomimetics6010020. [PMID: 33803778 PMCID: PMC8006151 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Design of bioinspired materials that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) at the nanoscale is a challenge in tissue engineering. While nanofibrillar gelatin materials mimic chemical composition and nano-architecture of natural ECM collagen components, it lacks the characteristic D-staggered array (D-periodicity) of 67 nm, which is an important cue in terms of cell recognition and adhesion properties. In this study, a nanofibrous gelatin matrix with improved biomimicry is achieved using a formulation including a minimal content of D-periodic self-assembled atelocollagen. We suggest a processing route approach consisting of the thermally induced phase separation of the gelatin based biopolymeric mixture precursor followed by chemical-free material cross-linking. The matrix nanostructure is characterized using field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wide angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The cell culture assays indicate that incorporation of 2.6 wt.% content of D-periodic atelocollagen to the gelatin material, produces a significant increase of MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblast cells attachment and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) proliferation, in comparison with related bare gelatin matrices. The presented results demonstrate the achievement of an efficient route to produce a cost-effective, compositionally defined and low immunogenic “collagen-like” instructive biomaterial, based on gelatin.
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17
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Borrego-González S, Rico-Llanos G, Becerra J, Díaz-Cuenca A, Visser R. Sponge-like processed D-periodic self-assembled atelocollagen supports bone formation in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Hansen U, Holmes DF, Bruckner P, Bishop PN. Analysis of opticin binding to collagen fibrils identifies a single binding site in the gap region and a high specificity towards thin heterotypic fibrils containing collagens II, and XI or V/XI. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234672. [PMID: 32764753 PMCID: PMC7413481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Opticin is a class III member of the extracellular matrix small leucine-rich repeat protein/proteoglycan (SLRP) family found in vitreous humour and cartilage. It was first identified associated with the surface of vitreous collagen fibrils and several other SLRPs are also known to bind collagen fibrils and it some cases alter fibril morphology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the binding of opticin to the collagen II-containing fibrils found in vitreous and cartilage. Electron microscopic studies using gold labelling demonstrated that opticin binds vitreous and thin cartilage collagen fibrils specifically at a single site in the gap region of the collagen D-period corresponding to the e2 stain band; this is the first demonstration of the binding site of a class III SLRP on collagen fibrils. Opticin did not bind thick cartilage collagen fibrils from cartilage or tactoids formed in vitro from collagen II, but shows high specificity for thin, heterotypic collagen fibrils containing collagens II, and XI or V/XI. Vitreous collagen fibrils from opticin null and wild-type mice were compared and no difference in fibril morphology or diameter was observed. Similarly, in vitro fibrillogenesis experiments showed that opticin did not affect fibril formation. We propose that when opticin is bound to collagen fibrils, rather than influencing their morphology it instead hinders the binding of other molecules to the fibril surfaces and/or act as an intermediary bridge linking the collagen fibrils to other non-collagenous molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Hansen
- Department of Physiological Chemistry & Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail: (PNB); (UH)
| | - David F. Holmes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Bruckner
- Department of Physiological Chemistry & Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paul N. Bishop
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PNB); (UH)
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19
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McCluskey AR, Hung KSW, Marzec B, Sindt JO, Sommerdijk NAJM, Camp PJ, Nudelman F. Disordered Filaments Mediate the Fibrillogenesis of Type I Collagen in Solution. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3631-3643. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. McCluskey
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, The King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Kennes S. W. Hung
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, The King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Bartosz Marzec
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, The King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Julien O. Sindt
- EPCC, University of Edinburgh, Bayes Centre, 47 Potterrow, Edinburgh EH8 9BT, U.K
| | - Nico A. J. M. Sommerdijk
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip J. Camp
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, The King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Fabio Nudelman
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, The King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
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20
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Wang Z, Ustriyana P, Chen K, Zhao W, Xu Z, Sahai N. Toward the Understanding of Small Protein-Mediated Collagen Intrafibrillar Mineralization. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4247-4255. [PMID: 33463336 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The design of improved materials for orthopedic implants and bone tissue engineering scaffolds relies on materials mimicking the properties of bone. Calcium phosphate (Ca-PO4)-mineralized collagen fibrils arranged in a characteristic hierarchical structure constitute the building blocks of mineralized vertebrate tissues and control their biomechanical and biochemical properties. Large, flexible, acidic noncollagenous proteins (ANCPs) have been shown to influence collagen mineralization but little is known about mineralization mechanisms with the aid of small proteins. Osteocalcin (OCN) is a small, highly structured biomolecule known as a multifunctional hormone in its undercarboxylated form. Here, we examined the potential mechanism of collagen intrafibrillar mineralization in vitro mediated by OCN as a model protein. Rapid and random extrafibrillar mineralization of flakey Ca-PO4 particles was observed by transmission electron microscopy mainly on the outer surfaces of collagen fibrils of a preformed collagen scaffold in the absence of the protein. In contrast, the protein stabilized hydrated, spherical nanoclusters of Ca-PO4 on the outer surface of the fibrils, thereby retarding extrafibrillar mineralization. The nanoclusters then infiltrated the fibrils resulting in intrafibrillar mineralization with HAP crystals aligned with the fibrils. This mechanism is similar to that observed for unstructured ANCPs. Results of fibrillogenesis and immunogold labeling studies showed that OCN was associated primarily with the fibrils, consistent with ex vivo studies on mineralizing turkey tendon. The present findings contribute to expanding our understanding of collagen intrafibrillar mineralization and provide insight into design synthetic macromolecular matrices for orthopedic implants and bone regeneration.
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21
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Bansode S, Bashtanova U, Li R, Clark J, Müller KH, Puszkarska A, Goldberga I, Chetwood HH, Reid DG, Colwell LJ, Skepper JN, Shanahan CM, Schitter G, Mesquida P, Duer MJ. Glycation changes molecular organization and charge distribution in type I collagen fibrils. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3397. [PMID: 32099005 PMCID: PMC7042214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen fibrils are central to the molecular organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to defining the cellular microenvironment. Glycation of collagen fibrils is known to impact on cell adhesion and migration in the context of cancer and in model studies, glycation of collagen molecules has been shown to affect the binding of other ECM components to collagen. Here we use TEM to show that ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) glycation of collagen fibrils - potentially important in the microenvironment of actively dividing cells, such as cancer cells - disrupts the longitudinal ordering of the molecules in collagen fibrils and, using KFM and FLiM, that R5P-glycated collagen fibrils have a more negative surface charge than unglycated fibrils. Altered molecular arrangement can be expected to impact on the accessibility of cell adhesion sites and altered fibril surface charge on the integrity of the extracellular matrix structure surrounding glycated collagen fibrils. Both effects are highly relevant for cell adhesion and migration within the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Bansode
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Uliana Bashtanova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | - Karin H Müller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Anna Puszkarska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Ieva Goldberga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Holly H Chetwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - David G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Lucy J Colwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jeremy N Skepper
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Georg Schitter
- Automation and Control Institute (ACIN), TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Mesquida
- Automation and Control Institute (ACIN), TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, A-1040, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Melinda J Duer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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22
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Chen J, Cai Z, Wei Q, Wang D, Wu J, Tan Y, Lu J, Ai H. Proanthocyanidin-crosslinked collagen/konjac glucomannan hydrogel with improved mechanical properties and MRI trackable biodegradation for potential tissue engineering scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2019; 8:316-331. [PMID: 31819938 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02053e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Collagen (Col) has been intensively exploited as a biomaterial for its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation and bioactivity. However, the poor mechanical properties and rapid biodegradation of reconstituted collagen hydrogels have always been the bottlenecks for their further development especially for vascular tissue engineering. Herein, based on the self-assembly characteristics of collagen, a ternary hydrogel scaffold, comprising rigid collagen molecules, flexible konjac glucomannan (KGM) chains and biocompatible crosslinkers of proanthocyanidin (PA), has been designed to achieve a synergistic interaction for essentially optimizing the mechanical properties of the so-obtained Col/KGM/PA hydrogel, which possesses not only substantially improved strength but also good elasticity. PA endows these scaffolds with controllable biodegradation and anti-calcification and antioxidant activities. TEM discovered the co-existence of two types of fibrils with distinctly different arrangement patterns, explaining the contribution of KGM macromolecules to elasticity generation. The in vivo variations of Col/KGM/PA implants are visualized in real-time by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moreover, a quantitative technique of MRI T2-mapping combined with histology is designed to visualize the in vivo biodegradation mechanism of layer-by-layer erosion for these hydrogels. Simultaneously, three different relationships between the respective processes of in vivo degradation and in vivo dehydration of these controlled hydrogel implants were clearly revealed by this technique. Such a designed Col/KGM/PA composite hydrogel realizes the essential integration of good biocompatibility, controllable biodegradation and improved mechanical properties for developing a desired scaffold material for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Qingrong Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of medical imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Yanfei Tan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Jian Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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23
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Velleman SG, Clark DL, Tonniges JR. Fibrillar Collagen Organization Associated with Broiler Wooden Breast Fibrotic Myopathy. Avian Dis 2019; 61:481-490. [PMID: 29337623 DOI: 10.1637/11738-080217-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Wooden breast (WB) is a fibrotic myopathy affecting the pectoralis major (p. major) muscle in fast-growing commercial broiler lines. Birds with WB are phenotypically detected by the palpation of a hard p. major muscle. A primary feature of WB is the fibrosis of muscle with the replacement of muscle fibers with extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen. The ability of a tissue to be pliable and stretch is associated with the organization of collagen fibrils in the connective tissue areas surrounding muscle fiber bundles (perimysium) and around individual muscle fibers (endomysium). The objective of this study was to compare the structure and organization of fibrillar collagen by using transmission electron microscopy in two fast-growing broiler lines (Lines A and B) with incidence of WB to a slower growing broiler Line C with no phenotypically detectable WB. In Line A, the collagen fibrils were tightly packed in a parallel organization, whereas in Line B, the collagen fibrils were randomly aligned. Tightly packed collagen fibrils arranged in parallel are associated with nonpliable collagen that is highly cross-linked. This will lead to a phenotypically hard p. major muscle. In Line C, the fibrillar collagen was sparse in its distribution. Furthermore, the average collagen fibril diameter and banding D-period length were altered in Line A p. major muscles affected with WB. Taken together, these data are suggestive of different fibrotic myopathies beyond just what is classified as WB in fast-growing broiler lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra G Velleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Daniel L Clark
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Jeffrey R Tonniges
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
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24
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Sorushanova A, Delgado LM, Wu Z, Shologu N, Kshirsagar A, Raghunath R, Mullen AM, Bayon Y, Pandit A, Raghunath M, Zeugolis DI. The Collagen Suprafamily: From Biosynthesis to Advanced Biomaterial Development. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1801651. [PMID: 30126066 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is the oldest and most abundant extracellular matrix protein that has found many applications in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries. First, an overview of the family of collagens and their respective structures, conformation, and biosynthesis is provided. The advances and shortfalls of various collagen preparations (e.g., mammalian/marine extracted collagen, cell-produced collagens, recombinant collagens, and collagen-like peptides) and crosslinking technologies (e.g., chemical, physical, and biological) are then critically discussed. Subsequently, an array of structural, thermal, mechanical, biochemical, and biological assays is examined, which are developed to analyze and characterize collagenous structures. Lastly, a comprehensive review is provided on how advances in engineering, chemistry, and biology have enabled the development of bioactive, 3D structures (e.g., tissue grafts, biomaterials, cell-assembled tissue equivalents) that closely imitate native supramolecular assemblies and have the capacity to deliver in a localized and sustained manner viable cell populations and/or bioactive/therapeutic molecules. Clearly, collagens have a long history in both evolution and biotechnology and continue to offer both challenges and exciting opportunities in regenerative medicine as nature's biomaterial of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sorushanova
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Luis M Delgado
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Zhuning Wu
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Naledi Shologu
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Aniket Kshirsagar
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Rufus Raghunath
- Centre for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Competence Centre Tissue Engineering for Drug Development (TEDD), Department Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | | | - Yves Bayon
- Sofradim Production-A Medtronic Company, Trevoux, France
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Centre for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Competence Centre Tissue Engineering for Drug Development (TEDD), Department Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
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25
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Chae I, Jeong CK, Ounaies Z, Kim SH. Review on Electromechanical Coupling Properties of Biomaterials. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:936-953. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inseok Chae
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Chang Kyu Jeong
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Zoubeida Ounaies
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Seong H. Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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26
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Kim YA, Gaidin SG, Tarahovsky YS. The Influence of Simple Phenols on Collagen Type I Fibrillogenesis in vitro. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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27
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Wilke J, Schleip R, Yucesoy CA, Banzer W. Not merely a protective packing organ? A review of fascia and its force transmission capacity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:234-244. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00565.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research indicates that fascia is capable of changing its biomechanical properties. Moreover, as it links the skeletal muscles, forming a body-wide network of multidirectional myofascial continuity, the classical conception of muscles as independent actuators has been challenged. Hence, the present synthesis review aims to characterize the mechanical relevance of the connective tissue for the locomotor system. Results of cadaveric and animal studies suggest a clinically relevant myofascial force transmission to neighboring structures within one limb (e.g., between synergists) and in the course of muscle-fascia chains (e.g., between leg and trunk). Initial in vivo trials appear to underpin these findings, demonstrating the existence of nonlocal exercise effects. However, the factors influencing the amount of transmitted force (e.g., age and physical activity) remain controversial, as well as the role of the central nervous system within the context of the observed remote exercise effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Schleip
- Fascia Research Group, Neurosurgical Clinic Guenzburg of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Can A. Yucesoy
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Instanbul, Turkey
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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28
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Holmes DF, Lu Y, Starborg T, Kadler KE. Collagen Fibril Assembly and Function. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 130:107-142. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Rother S, Galiazzo VD, Kilian D, Fiebig KM, Becher J, Moeller S, Hempel U, Schnabelrauch M, Waltenberger J, Scharnweber D, Hintze V. Hyaluronan/Collagen Hydrogels with Sulfated Hyaluronan for Improved Repair of Vascularized Tissue Tune the Binding of Proteins and Promote Endothelial Cell Growth. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rother
- Institute of Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; TU Dresden, Budapester Str. 27 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Vanessa D. Galiazzo
- Institute of Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; TU Dresden, Budapester Str. 27 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - David Kilian
- Institute of Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; TU Dresden, Budapester Str. 27 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Karen M. Fiebig
- Institute of Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; TU Dresden, Budapester Str. 27 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Jana Becher
- Biomaterials Department; INNOVENT e.V.; Prüssingstr. 27B 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Stephanie Moeller
- Biomaterials Department; INNOVENT e.V.; Prüssingstr. 27B 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Ute Hempel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine; TU Dresden; Fiedlerstraße 42 01307 Dresden Germany
| | | | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Münster; Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Dieter Scharnweber
- Institute of Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; TU Dresden, Budapester Str. 27 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Vera Hintze
- Institute of Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; TU Dresden, Budapester Str. 27 01069 Dresden Germany
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30
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Sun YC, Sheng XM, Chen J, Qian ZW. In vivo metacarpophalanageal joint collateral ligament length changes during flexion. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2017; 42:610-615. [PMID: 28488458 DOI: 10.1177/1753193417692708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the in vivo length changes of the collateral ligaments of metacarpophalangeal joint during flexion. We obtained computed tomography scans of index, middle, ring and little fingers at 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° of joint flexion from six hands of six healthy adult volunteers. Three of them had their dominant right hand studied, and the other three had their non-dominant left hand studied. We measured and analysed the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments of each metacarpophalangeal joint from the reconstructed images. We found that the dorsal and middle portions of the both radial and ulnar collateral ligament lengthened progressively during digital flexion and reached the maximum at 90° flexion. The length of the volar portion increased from 0° to 30° flexion and then decreased from 30° to 60° flexion, reaching the minimum at 90°. In conclusion, three portions of collateral ligaments on both sides of the metacarpophalangeal joint have variable length changes during flexion, which act to stabilize the joint through its flexion arc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Sun
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - X M Sheng
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Z W Qian
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
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31
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Romero-Sánchez LB, Borrego-González S, Díaz-Cuenca A. High surface area biopolymeric-ceramic scaffolds for hard tissue engineering. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa7001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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32
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Delgado LM, Fuller K, Zeugolis DI. * Collagen Cross-Linking: Biophysical, Biochemical, and Biological Response Analysis. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1064-1077. [PMID: 28071973 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracted forms of collagen are subjected to chemical cross-linking to enhance their stability. However, traditional cross-linking approaches are associated with toxicity and inflammation. This work investigates the stabilization capacity, cytotoxicity and inflammatory response of collagen scaffolds cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GTA), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, 4-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) succinimidyl glutarate (4SP), genipin (GEN), and oleuropein. Although all cross-linking methods reduced free amine groups, variable data were obtained with respect to denaturation temperature, resistance to collagenase digestion, and mechanical properties. With respect to biological analysis, fibroblast cultures showed no significant difference between the treatments. Although direct cultures with human-derived leukemic monocyte cells (THP-1) clearly demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of GTA, THP-1 cultures supplemented with conditioned medium from the various groups showed no significant difference between the treatments. With respect to cytokine profile, no significant difference in secretion of proinflammatory (e.g., interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α) and anti-inflammatory (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor) cytokines was observed between the noncross-linked and the 4SP and GEN cross-linked groups, suggesting the suitability of these agents as collagen cross-linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Delgado
- 1 Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway) , Galway, Ireland .,2 Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway) , Galway, Ireland
| | - Kieran Fuller
- 1 Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway) , Galway, Ireland .,2 Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway) , Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- 1 Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway) , Galway, Ireland .,2 Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway) , Galway, Ireland
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33
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Kłosowski MM, Carzaniga R, Abellan P, Ramasse Q, McComb DW, Porter AE, Shefelbine SJ. Electron Microscopy Reveals Structural and Chemical Changes at the Nanometer Scale in the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Murine Pathology. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:2788-2797. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał M. Kłosowski
- Department
of Materials and Engineering, Royal School of Mines, South Kensington
Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Raffaella Carzaniga
- Cancer
Research U.K., Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, U.K
| | - Patricia Abellan
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K
| | - Quentin Ramasse
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K
| | - David W. McComb
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Electron Microscopy
and Analysis, The Ohio State University, 1305 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United States
| | - Alexandra E. Porter
- Department
of Materials and Engineering, Royal School of Mines, South Kensington
Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Sandra J. Shefelbine
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 334 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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34
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Liu Y, Luo D, Wang T. Hierarchical Structures of Bone and Bioinspired Bone Tissue Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4611-4632. [PMID: 27322951 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone, as a mineralized composite of inorganic (mostly carbonated hydroxyapatite) and organic (mainly type I collagen) phases, possesses a unique combination of remarkable strength and toughness. Its excellent mechanical properties are related to its hierarchical structures and precise organization of the inorganic and organic phases at the nanoscale: Nanometer-sized hydroxyapatite crystals periodically deposit within the gap zones of collagen fibrils during bone biomineralization process. This hierarchical arrangement produces nanomechanical heterogeneities, which enable a mechanism for high energy dissipation and resistance to fracture. The excellent mechanical properties integrated with the hierarchical nanostructure of bone have inspired chemists and material scientists to develop biomimetic strategies for artificial bone grafts in tissue engineering (TE). This critical review provides a broad overview of the current mechanisms involved in bone biomineralization, and the relationship between bone hierarchical structures and the deformation mechanism. Our goal in this review is to inspire the application of these principles toward bone TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Dan Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Tie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
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35
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Wang W, Liu Y, Liu A, Zhao Y, Chen X. Effect ofin situapatite on performance of collagen fiber film for food packaging applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety; Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
- Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center; 300457 Tianjin China
| | - Yaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety; Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
- Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center; 300457 Tianjin China
| | - Anjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety; Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
- Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center; 300457 Tianjin China
| | - Yana Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety; Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
- Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center; 300457 Tianjin China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety; Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
- Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center; 300457 Tianjin China
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36
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Doomernik DE, Kruse RR, Reijnen MMPJ, Kozicz TL, Kooloos JGM. A comparative study of vascular injection fluids in fresh-frozen and embalmed human cadaver forearms. J Anat 2016; 229:582-90. [PMID: 27329696 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, various vascular injection products have been developed to facilitate anatomical dissections. This study aimed to compare the most commonly used vascular injection products in fresh-frozen and formalin-embalmed cadaver specimens. An overview of the properties, advantages and limitations of each substance was given, and a comparison of vascular infusion procedures in both preservation methods was made. A literature search was performed in order to identify the most commonly used vascular injection products. Acrylic paint, latex, gelatin, silicone, Araldite F and Batson's No. 17 were selected for the study. One fresh-frozen and one embalmed cadaver forearm were infused with each injection product according to a uniform protocol. The curing time, skin- and subcutaneous tissue penetration, degree of filling of the arterial tree, extravasations, consistency of the injected vessels during dissection, and the costs of each injection fluid were noted. There was a large variation between the injection fluids in processing- and curing time, colour intensity, flexibility, fragility, elasticity, strength, toxicity and costs. All fluids were suitable for infusion. The penetration of injection fluid into the skin and subcutaneous tissue was significantly better in fresh-frozen specimens (P = 0.002 and P = 0.009, respectively), with significantly smaller branches casted (P = 0.004). Vascular infusion of fresh-frozen cadaver specimens results in a significantly better filled coloured arterial tree, enabling more detail to be achieved and smaller branches casted. The biomechanical properties of fresh-frozen soft tissues are less affected compared with formalin fixation. All the injection fluids studied are suitable for vascular infusion, but their different properties ensure that certain products and procedures are more suitable for specific study purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Doomernik
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - R R Kruse
- Department of Surgery, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - M M P J Reijnen
- Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - T L Kozicz
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J G M Kooloos
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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37
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Wingender B, Bradley P, Saxena N, Ruberti JW, Gower L. Biomimetic organization of collagen matrices to template bone-like microstructures. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:384-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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38
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Krause F, Wilke J, Vogt L, Banzer W. Intermuscular force transmission along myofascial chains: a systematic review. J Anat 2016; 228:910-8. [PMID: 27001027 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to provide a systematic overview on tensile transmission along myofascial chains based on anatomical dissection studies and in vivo experiments. Evidence for the existence of myofascial chains is growing, and the capability of force transmission via myofascial chains has been hypothesized. However, there is still a lack of evidence concerning the functional significance and capability for force transfer. A systematic literature research was conducted using MEDLINE (Pubmed), ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Studied myofascial chains encompassed the superficial backline (SBL), the back functional line (BFL) and the front functional line (FFL). Peer-reviewed human dissection studies as well as in vivo experiments reporting intermuscular tension transfer between the constituents of a myofascial chain were included. To assess methodic quality, two independent investigators rated studies by means of validated assessment tools (QUACS and PEDro Scale). The literature research identified 1022 articles. Nine studies (moderate to excellent methodological quality) were included. Concerning the SBL and the BFL, there is moderate evidence for force transfer at all three transitions (based on six studies), and one of two transitions (three studies). One study yields moderate evidence for a slight, but not significant force transfer at one transition in the FFL. The findings of the present study indicate that tension can be transferred between some of the examined adjacent structures. Force transfer might have an impact in overuse conditions as well as on sports performance. However, different methods of force application and measurement hinder the comparability of results. Considering anatomical variations in the degree of continuity and histological differences of the linking structures is crucial for interpretation. Future studies should focus on the in vivo function of myofascial continuity during isolated active or passive tissue tensioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frieder Krause
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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39
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Wilke J, Engeroff T, Nürnberger F, Vogt L, Banzer W. Anatomical study of the morphological continuity between iliotibial tract and the fibularis longus fascia. Surg Radiol Anat 2015; 38:349-52. [PMID: 26522465 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-015-1585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent research indicates that the skeletal muscles of the human body do not function as independent actuators. Instead, they seem to be linked by connective tissue forming myofascial chains. While the existence of such meridians has been demonstrated for the ventral and the dorsal side of the body, no data are available for morphological fusion of lateral muscles. This study aimed to provide evidence for the inferior part of the lateral myofascial chain. METHODS Fourteen legs (7 embalmed cadavers, four ♂, 86 ± 7 years) were dissected to reveal a potential myofascial continuity between the fibularis longus muscle, more detailed, its fascia, and the iliotibial tract (ITT). Three investigators judged the general existence as well as the degree and characteristics of the continuity. If an anatomical continuity was evident, strain was applied to both structures in order to evaluate the tissues' ability for tensile transmission. RESULTS An indirect connection between the iliotibial tract and the fascia of the fibularis longus muscle was found: in all examined legs, the ITT fused strongly with the crural fascia. The latter was hardly separable from the fibularis longus fascia. Application of strain to the ITT caused local movement in the crural fascia and the underlying fascia of the fibularis muscle. CONCLUSIONS The iliotibial tract fuses firmly with the crural fascia and the degree of continuity suggests that moderate amounts of strain might be transmitted. However, biomechanical studies precisely quantifying this tensile transmission are warranted in order to estimate the relevance of the linkage for the locomotor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- Department Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, 60487, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Tobias Engeroff
- Department Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, 60487, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Nürnberger
- Department of Anatomy (II), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, 60487, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Department Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, 60487, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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40
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Andriotis OG, Chang SW, Vanleene M, Howarth PH, Davies DE, Shefelbine SJ, Buehler MJ, Thurner PJ. Structure-mechanics relationships of collagen fibrils in the osteogenesis imperfecta mouse model. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:20150701. [PMID: 26468064 PMCID: PMC4614505 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The collagen molecule, which is the building block of collagen fibrils, is a triple helix of two α1(I) chains and one α2(I) chain. However, in the severe mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta (OIM), deletion of the COL1A2 gene results in the substitution of the α2(I) chain by one α1(I) chain. As this substitution severely impairs the structure and mechanics of collagen-rich tissues at the tissue and organ level, the main aim of this study was to investigate how the structure and mechanics are altered in OIM collagen fibrils. Comparing results from atomic force microscopy imaging and cantilever-based nanoindentation on collagen fibrils from OIM and wild-type (WT) animals, we found a 33% lower indentation modulus in OIM when air-dried (bound water present) and an almost fivefold higher indentation modulus in OIM collagen fibrils when fully hydrated (bound and unbound water present) in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) compared with WT collagen fibrils. These mechanical changes were accompanied by an impaired swelling upon hydration within PBS. Our experimental and atomistic simulation results show how the structure and mechanics are altered at the individual collagen fibril level as a result of collagen gene mutation in OIM. We envisage that the combination of experimental and modelling approaches could allow mechanical phenotyping at the collagen fibril level of virtually any alteration of collagen structure or chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Andriotis
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Vanleene
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P H Howarth
- The Brooke Laboratories, Division of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - D E Davies
- The Brooke Laboratories, Division of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - S J Shefelbine
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M J Buehler
- Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Center for Computational Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P J Thurner
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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41
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Quan BD, Sone ED. Structural changes in collagen fibrils across a mineralized interface revealed by cryo-TEM. Bone 2015; 77:42-9. [PMID: 25892483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the mineralized collagen fibril, which is the basic building block of mineralized connective tissues, is critical to its function. We use cryo-TEM to study collagen structure at a well-defined hard-soft tissue interface, across which collagen fibrils are continuous, in order to evaluate changes to collagen upon mineralization. To establish a basis for the analysis of collagen banding, we compared cryo-TEM images of rat-tail tendon collagen to a model based on the X-ray structure. While there is close correspondence of periodicity, differences in band intensity indicate fibril regions with high density but lacking order, providing new insight into collagen fibrillar structure. Across a mineralized interface, we show that mineralization results in an axial contraction of the fibril, concomitant with lateral expansion, and that this contraction occurs only in the more flexible gap region of the fibril. Nevertheless, the major features of the banding pattern are not significantly changed, indicating that the axial arrangement of molecules remains largely intact. These results suggest a mechanism by which collagen fibrils are able to accommodate large amounts of mineral without significant disruption of their molecular packing, leading to synergy of mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Quan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Eli D Sone
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3E3 Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada.
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42
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Hsu HT, Rau LR, Zeng YN, Kang YL, Tsai SW, Wu MH. External vibration enhances macromolecular crowding for construction of aligned three-dimensional collagen fibril scaffolds. Biofabrication 2015; 7:025004. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/2/025004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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43
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Wallace JM. Effects of fixation and demineralization on bone collagen D-spacing as analyzed by atomic force microscopy. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:68-75. [PMID: 25634588 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1005209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Collagen's role in bone is often considered secondary. As increased attention is paid to collagen, understanding the impact of tissue preservation is important in interpreting experimental results. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that bone fixation prior to demineralization would maintain its collagen ultrastructure in an undisturbed state when analyzed using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). MATERIALS/METHODS The anterior diaphysis of a pig femur was cut into 6 mm pieces along its length. Samples were mounted, polished and randomly assigned to control or fixation groups (n = 5/group). Fixation samples were fixed for 24 h prior to demineralization. All samples were briefly demineralized to expose collagen, and imaged using AFM. Mouse tail tendons were also analyzed to explore effects of dehydration and fixation. Measurements from each bone sample were averaged and compared using a Mann-Whitney U-test. Tendon sample means were compared using RMANOVA. To investigate differences in D-spacing distributions, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used. RESULTS Fixation decreased D-spacing variability within and between bone samples and induced or maintained a higher average D-spacing versus control by shifting the D-spacing population upward. Tendon data indicate that fixing and drying samples leaves collagen near its undisturbed and hydrated native state. DISCUSSION Fixation in bone prior to demineralization decreased D-spacing variability. D-spacing was shifted upward in fixed samples, indicating that collagen is stretched with mineral present and relaxes upon its removal. The ability to decrease variability in bone suggests that fixation might increase the power to detect changes in collagen due to disease or other pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis , Indianapolis, IN , USA and
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44
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Westhrin M, Xie M, Olderøy MØ, Sikorski P, Strand BL, Standal T. Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in mineralized alginate matrices. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120374. [PMID: 25769043 PMCID: PMC4358956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralized biomaterials are promising for use in bone tissue engineering. Culturing osteogenic cells in such materials will potentially generate biological bone grafts that may even further augment bone healing. Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. MSC were embedded in unmodified alginate beads and alginate beads mineralized with ALP to generate a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold mimicking the composition of bone. The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. Cells in both types of beads sustained high viability and metabolic activity for the duration of the study (21 days) as evaluated by live/dead staining and alamar blue assay. MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. Furthermore, cells differentiated in beads expressed both sclerostin (SOST) and dental matrix protein-1 (DMP1), markers for late osteoblasts/osteocytes. In conclusion, Both ALP-modified and unmodified alginate beads provide an environment that enhance osteogenic differentiation compared with traditional 2D culture. Also, the ALP-modified alginate beads showed profound mineralization and thus have the potential to serve as a bone substitute in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Westhrin
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Minli Xie
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnus Ø. Olderøy
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit L. Strand
- Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Therese Standal
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
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45
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Delgado LM, Bayon Y, Pandit A, Zeugolis DI. To cross-link or not to cross-link? Cross-linking associated foreign body response of collagen-based devices. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:298-313. [PMID: 25517923 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Collagen-based devices, in various physical conformations, are extensively used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Given that the natural cross-linking pathway of collagen does not occur in vitro, chemical, physical, and biological cross-linking methods have been assessed over the years to control mechanical stability, degradation rate, and immunogenicity of the device upon implantation. Although in vitro data demonstrate that mechanical properties and degradation rate can be accurately controlled as a function of the cross-linking method utilized, preclinical and clinical data indicate that cross-linking methods employed may have adverse effects on host response, especially when potent cross-linking methods are employed. Experimental data suggest that more suitable cross-linking methods should be developed to achieve a balance between stability and functional remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Delgado
- 1Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Yves Bayon
- 2Covidien - Sofradim Production, Trévoux, France
| | - Abhay Pandit
- 3Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- 3Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
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46
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Bezerra CS, de Farias Lemos CMG, de Sousa M, Gonçalves LRB. Enzyme immobilization onto renewable polymeric matrixes: Past, present, and future trends. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Salviano Bezerra
- Departamento de Engenharia Química; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza Ceará 60440-554 Brazil
| | | | - Marylane de Sousa
- Departamento de Engenharia Química; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza Ceará 60440-554 Brazil
| | - Luciana Rocha Barros Gonçalves
- Departamento de Engenharia Química; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza Ceará 60440-554 Brazil
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47
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Xu Z, Yang Y, Zhao W, Wang Z, Landis WJ, Cui Q, Sahai N. Molecular mechanisms for intrafibrillar collagen mineralization in skeletal tissues. Biomaterials 2014; 39:59-66. [PMID: 25477172 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The critical role of the self-assembled structure of collagen in skeletal mineralization is long recognized, yet the angstrom to tens of nanometers length-scale nucleation mechanism of calcium phosphate mineral (Ca-Pi) remains unclear. Here, by constructing three-dimensional structure of collagen fibril, we report direct computational evidence of intrafibrillar Ca-Pi nucleation in the collagen matrix and illustrate the crucial role of charged amino acid sidechains of collagen molecules in nucleation. The all-atom Hamiltonian replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation shows that these charged sidechains are oriented toward the fibril "hole zones" and significantly template nucleation with amorphous Ca-Pi phase, ∼1.3-1.6 nm in size, thus explaining the empirical observations that Ca-Pi nucleates principally in these regions. We also show that the low water density of about 0.70 g cm(-3) in these zones may further benefit nucleation by lowering the enthalpic penalty for ion desolvation. This work provides insight, at the atomistic level, into the nucleation mechanism of bone crystals within a collagen matrix for understanding mineral deposition, interpreting mineralization experiments and guiding the design of new implantable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Xu
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Weilong Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Ziqiu Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - William J Landis
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Qiang Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nita Sahai
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH 44325, USA; Integrated Bioscience Program, University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
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48
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Stamov DR, Stock E, Franz CM, Jähnke T, Haschke H. Imaging collagen type I fibrillogenesis with high spatiotemporal resolution. Ultramicroscopy 2014; 149:86-94. [PMID: 25486377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillar collagens, such as collagen type I, belong to the most abundant extracellular matrix proteins and they have received much attention over the last five decades due to their large interactome, complex hierarchical structure and high mechanical stability. Nevertheless, the collagen self-assembly process is still incompletely understood. Determining the real-time kinetics of collagen type I formation is therefore pivotal for better understanding of collagen type I structure and function, but visualising the dynamic self-assembly process of collagen I on the molecular scale requires imaging techniques offering high spatiotemporal resolution. Fast and high-speed scanning atomic force microscopes (AFM) provide the means to study such processes on the timescale of seconds under near-physiological conditions. In this study we have applied fast AFM tip scanning to study the assembly kinetics of fibrillar collagen type I nanomatrices with a temporal resolution reaching eight seconds for a frame size of 500 nm. By modifying the buffer composition and pH value, the kinetics of collagen fibrillogenesis can be adjusted for optimal analysis by fast AFM scanning. We furthermore show that amplitude-modulation imaging can be successfully applied to extract additional structural information from collagen samples even at high scan rates. Fast AFM scanning with controlled amplitude modulation therefore provides a versatile platform for studying dynamic collagen self-assembly processes at high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Stock
- JPK Instruments AG, Bouchéstrasse 12, 12435 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens M Franz
- DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Torsten Jähnke
- JPK Instruments AG, Bouchéstrasse 12, 12435 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Haschke
- JPK Instruments AG, Bouchéstrasse 12, 12435 Berlin, Germany
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49
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Miron A, Rother S, Huebner L, Hempel U, Käppler I, Moeller S, Schnabelrauch M, Scharnweber D, Hintze V. Sulfated hyaluronan influences the formation of artificial extracellular matrices and the adhesion of osteogenic cells. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:1783-94. [PMID: 25219504 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare differentially sulfated hyaluronan (sHA) derivatives and chondroitin sulfate (CS) with respect to their ability to influence the formation of artificial extracellular matrices (aECMs) during in vitro-fibrillogenesis of collagen type I at high- and low-ionic strength. Analysis is performed using turbidity, biochemical assays, atomic force (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In general, high-sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) associate to a higher amount with collagen than the low-sulfated ones. The addition of GAGs prior to fibrillogenesis at low-ionic strength results in a dose-dependent decrease in fibril diameter. At high-ionic strength these effects are only obtained for the sHA derivatives but not for CS. Likewise, increasing concentrations and degree of GAG sulfation strongly affected the kinetics of fibrillogenesis. The impact of sulfation degree on F-actin location and fiber formation in SaOS-2 cells implies that adhesion-related intracellular signaling is influenced to a variable extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Miron
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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50
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Vandrovcova M, Douglas TEL, Heinemann S, Scharnweber D, Dubruel P, Bacakova L. Collagen-lactoferrin fibrillar coatings enhance osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:525-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vandrovcova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Timothy E. L. Douglas
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials (PBM) Group, Department of Organic Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Sascha Heinemann
- Biomimetic Materials and Biomaterial Analytics Group, Institute of Material Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Technische Universität Dresden; Budapester Strasse 27 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Dieter Scharnweber
- Biomaterial Development Group, Institute of Material Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Technische Universität Dresden; Budapester Strasse 27 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials (PBM) Group, Department of Organic Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Lucie Bacakova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
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