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Verster JC, Donders JA, Boogaard AS, Bruce G. Predictors of Hangover Frequency and Severity: The Impact of Alcohol Consumption, Mental Resilience, Personality, Lifestyle, Coping and Mood. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3811. [PMID: 37298006 PMCID: PMC10253648 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental resilience is the ability to bounce back from daily life stressors such as divorce or losing a job. Extensive research has demonstrated a negative relationship between mental resilience and alcohol consumption. That is, both the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption are greater in individuals with lower levels of mental resilience. There has, however, been little scientific attention paid to the relationship between mental resilience and alcohol hangover severity. The objective of this study was to evaluate psychological factors that may impact the frequency and severity of alcohol hangovers, including alcohol intake itself, mental resilience, personality, baseline mood, lifestyle, and coping mechanisms. An online survey was conducted among Dutch adults (N = 153) who had a hangover after their heaviest drinking occasion in the period before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (15 January to 14 March 2020). Questions were asked about their alcohol consumption and hangover severity on their heaviest drinking occasion. Mental resilience was assessed with the Brief Mental Resilience scale, personality with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale (EPQ-RSS), mood via single item assessments, and lifestyle and coping with the modified Fantastic Lifestyle Checklist. The partial correlation, corrected for estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC), between mental resilience and hangover severity was not significant (r = 0.010, p = 0.848). Furthermore, no significant correlations were found between hangover severity or frequency and personality and baseline mood. For lifestyle and coping factors, a negative correlation was found between the use of tobacco and toxins (i.e., drugs, medicines, caffeine) and the frequency of experiencing hangovers. Regression analysis revealed that hangover severity after the heaviest drinking occasion (31.2%) was the best predictor of hangover frequency, and that subjective intoxication on the heaviest drinking occasion (38.4%) was the best predictor of next-day hangover severity. Mood, mental resilience, and personality were not relevant predictors of hangover frequency and severity. In conclusion, mental resilience, personality, and baseline mood do not predict hangover frequency and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris C. Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.A.D.); (A.S.B.)
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Julie A. Donders
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.A.D.); (A.S.B.)
| | - Anne S. Boogaard
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.A.D.); (A.S.B.)
| | - Gillian Bruce
- Division of Psychology and Social Work, School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK;
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Tellez-Monnery K, Berghoff CR, McDermott MJ. Investigating the effects of emotion dysregulation and repetitive negative thinking on alcohol hangover anxiety and depression. Addict Behav 2023; 140:107619. [PMID: 36689889 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Underlying factors associated with alcohol hangover psychological symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, have not been identified. Emotion dysregulation and repetitive negative thinking (RNT) are transdiagnostic factors associated with psychopathology, including non-hangover anxiety and depression. The current study prospectively examined the role of emotion dysregulation on subsequent alcohol hangover anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as the moderating role of RNT on this relation among university students. METHODS One hundred thirty-six participants completed baseline assessments of emotion dysregulation (DERS-16) and non-hangover anxiety and depression (DASS-21). Thirty-nine participants reported experiencing alcohol hangover at 2-week follow up and completed assessments of RNT (PTQ) and hangover anxiety and depression (modified DASS-21). Two independent regression-based moderation analyses were conducted to examine the relation of baseline emotion dysregulation, 2-week follow-up RNT, and hangover anxiety and depression symptoms after accounting for baseline non-hangover anxiety and depression symptoms. RESULTS Among those experiencing alcohol hangover (n = 39), emotion dysregulation and RNT were not associated with hangover related anxiety beyond non-hangover anxiety. Emotion dysregulation significantly predicted hangover depression but was rendered non-significant by the addition of RNT, which was significantly associated with hangover depression. RNT moderated the emotion dysregulation-hangover depression relation such that emotion dysregulation was not associated with future hangover depression at low levels of RNT but was positively associated with hangover depression at moderate to high levels of RNT. CONCLUSION Results provide preliminary support for the role of emotion dysregulation and RNT in hangover depression severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher R Berghoff
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, United States
| | - Michael J McDermott
- Department of Psychology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, United States.
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Hudson F, Gunn C. Does Personality, Trait Emotion Regulation, and Trait Attentional Control Contribute toward the Experience and Impact of an Alcohol Hangover? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11071033. [PMID: 37046960 PMCID: PMC10094614 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed results have been reported for the relationship between personality and hangover, but recent findings have indicated that regulatory and attentional control processes may relate to hangover severity and the impact of a hangover on completing daily activities. This study aimed to explore how these factors relate to hangover severity, hangover impact, and to unhealthy alcohol use. In total, 108 participants completed a survey, rating the severity and impact of their last-experienced hangover and completing measures of the above factors. Separate multiple linear regressions were conducted to analyse each outcome (severity, impact, unhealthy drinking). For severity, the overall regression was significant (Adj. R2 = 0.46, p < 0.001), with the attentional control factor ‘Focusing’ (B = −0.096, p = 0.011), and personality factor ‘Agreeableness’ (B = 0.072, p = 0.005) predicting severity. For impact, the overall regression was significant (Adj. R2 = 0.41, p < 0.001) with the attentional control factor ‘Shifting’ (B = −0.252, p = 0.021), personality factors ‘Extraversion’ (B = 0.225, p = 0.009) and ‘Agreeableness’ (B = −0.156, p = 0.042), and hangover severity (B = 1.603, p < 0.001) predicting impact. For unhealthy drinking, the overall regression model was significant (Adj. R2 = 0.45, p < 0.001) with emotion dysregulation factors ‘Awareness’ (B = 0.301, p = 0.044) and ‘Impulse Control’ (B = 0.381, p = 0.011) predicting unhealthy drinking. These findings add to our understanding of the heterogeneity of hangover experience and highlight that attentional control, emotion regulation, and personality play important roles in the experience and impact of a hangover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Hudson
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Craig Gunn
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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Terpstra C, Verster JC, Scholey A, Benson S. Associations between Mental Resilience, Mood, Coping, Personality, and Hangover Severity. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2240. [PMID: 35456334 PMCID: PMC9029171 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research exists on relationships between psychological constructs and alcohol consumption. However, research on relationships with hangover severity remains limited. This study aimed to assess the associations between mental resilience, mood (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress), coping, personality, and hangover severity. A total of N = 690 participants completed an online survey by answering questions regarding their demographics, alcohol use, hangover prevalence and severity, and several psychological assessments (Brief Resilience Scale, DASS-21, Brief Cope, and Brief Version of the Big Five Personality Inventory). Significant associations were found between hangover severity and mental resilience, mood, and avoidant coping. Higher levels of mental resilience were associated with less severe hangovers, whereas poorer mood was associated with more severe hangovers. No significant associations were found with personality traits. These findings demonstrate that several associations between psychological constructs and hangover severity exist and suggest a role of psychological factors in the pathology of the alcohol hangover. As our findings contrast with the results of previous studies that did not report an association between mental resilience and the presence and severity of hangovers, further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Terpstra
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris C Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Sarah Benson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
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García-Azorín D, Aparicio-Cordero L, Talavera B, Johnson A, Schytz HW, Guerrero-Peral ÁL. Clinical characterization of delayed alcohol-induced headache. Neurology 2020; 95:e2161-e2169. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) criteria and to characterize the clinical phenotype of delayed alcohol-induced headache (DAIH).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of university students who voluntarily consumed alcohol and experienced headache. Participants completed a survey that included demographic and clinical data. We analyzed the phenotype of the headache, validated ICHD phenotype criteria for DAIH, and analyzed whether participants fulfilled criteria for low-CSF-pressure headache or migraine.ResultsA total of 1,108 participants were included (58% female, mean age 23 years, 41% with headache history). Mean alcohol intake was 158 g; spirits were consumed by 60% of the participants; beer was consumed by 41%; and wine was consumed by 18%. The ICHD criteria for DAIH were met in 95% of the participants. Headache duration (mean, 6.7 hours) correlated with total grams of alcohol consumed (r = 0.62, p = 0.03). Pain was bilateral in 85% of patients with predominantly frontal topography (43%). Pain quality was mainly pressing (60%) or pulsatile (39%) and was aggravated by physical activity in 83% of participants. ICHD low-CSF pressure-headache criteria were fulfilled in 58% of patients, and migraine criteria were fulfilled by 36%.ConclusionsDAIH is a moderate-intensity headache, is typically bilateral, and presents with frontal predominance and a pressing quality. The phenotype of DAIH combines features of both migraine and low-CSF-pressure headaches.
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Verster JC, Arnoldy L, van de Loo AJ, Benson S, Scholey A, Stock AK. The Impact of Mood and Subjective Intoxication on Hangover Severity. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2462. [PMID: 32752141 PMCID: PMC7465662 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether baseline mood and/or mood while drinking have an impact on alcohol hangover severity. A survey was held among N = 331 young adults (mean age = 23.6 years, range = 18-35 years). Demographics, alcohol consumption, subjective intoxication, and hangover severity were assessed for the past three days. In addition, mood (baseline, while drinking, and during hangover) was also assessed. N = 143 participants reported to be hungover on the day of assessment, N = 122 participants reported to have been hungover the previous day ('yesterday'), and N = 87 participants reported to have been hungover two days before the assessment ('2 days ago'). The analyses revealed that baseline mood and mood while drinking had no relevant effect on the amount of consumed alcohol and did not significantly contribute to hangover severity. However, hangover severity was associated with significantly increased negative affect, particularly with higher levels of subjective stress on the day of the hangover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris C. Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.C.V.); (L.A.); (A.J.A.E.v.d.L.)
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne 3122, Australia; (S.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Lizanne Arnoldy
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.C.V.); (L.A.); (A.J.A.E.v.d.L.)
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne 3122, Australia; (S.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Aurora J.A.E. van de Loo
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.C.V.); (L.A.); (A.J.A.E.v.d.L.)
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Benson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne 3122, Australia; (S.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne 3122, Australia; (S.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, School of Science, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Updating the Definition of the Alcohol Hangover. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030823. [PMID: 32197381 PMCID: PMC7141232 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2016, the Alcohol Hangover Research Group defined the alcohol hangover as “the combination of mental and physical symptoms experienced the day after a single episode of heavy drinking, starting when blood alcohol concentration (BAC) approaches zero”. In the light of new findings and evidence, we carefully reviewed the different components of that definition. Several studies demonstrated that alcohol hangovers are not limited to heavy drinking occasions. Instead, data from both student and non-student samples revealed that at a group level, alcohol hangover may occur at much lower BAC levels than previously thought. Regression analysis further revealed that for individual drinkers, the occurrence of hangovers is more likely when subjects consume more alcohol than they usually do. However, hangovers may also occur at a drinker’s usual BAC, and in some cases even at lower BAC (e.g. in case of illness). We also carefully reviewed and modified other parts of the definition. Finally, hangovers are not necessarily limited to the ‘next day’. They can start at any time of day or night, whenever BAC approaches zero after a single dinking occasion. This may also be on the same day as the drinking occasion (e.g. when drinking in, or until the morning and subsequently having a hangover in the afternoon or evening). To better reflect the new insights and sharpen the description of the concept, we hereby propose to update the definition of the alcohol hangover as follows: “The alcohol hangover refers to the combination of negative mental and physical symptoms which can be experienced after a single episode of alcohol consumption, starting when blood alcohol concentration (BAC) approaches zero”, and recommend to use this new definition in future hangover research.
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van Lawick van Pabst AE, Devenney LE, Verster JC. Sex Differences in the Presence and Severity of Alcohol Hangover Symptoms. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060867. [PMID: 31213020 PMCID: PMC6617014 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated significant sex differences in alcohol intoxication effects. In contrast, the majority of studies on the alcohol hangover phase did not investigate sex differences. Therefore, the current study examined possible sex differences in the presence and severity of alcohol hangover symptoms. Data from n = 2446 Dutch students (male = 50.7%, female = 49.3%) were analyzed. They reported the presence and severity of 22 hangover symptoms experienced after their past month heaviest drinking occasion. Subjects were categorized according to their estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) and presence and severity of the hangover symptoms were compared between men and women. In the lowest eBAC group (0% ≤ eBAC < 0.08%), no significant sex differences were found. In the subsequent eBAC group (0.08% ≤ eBAC < 0.11%), severity of nausea was significantly higher in women than in men. In the third eBAC group (0.11% ≤ eBAC < 0.2%), women reported higher severity scores on nausea, tiredness, weakness, and dizziness than men. Men reported the presence of confusion significantly more often than women, and women reported the presence of shivering significantly more often than men. In the fourth eBAC group (0.2% ≤ eBAC < 0.3%), women reported higher severity scores on nausea and tiredness than men. In the highest eBAC group (0.3% ≤ eBAC < 0.4%), no significant sex differences were found. In conclusion, across the eBAC groups, severity scores of nausea and tiredness were higher in women than in men. However, albeit statistically significant, the observed sex differences in presence and severity of hangover symptoms were of small magnitude, and therefore, have little clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia E Devenney
- School of Psychology, Life and Health sciences Ulster University, BT52 1SA Londonderry, Northern Ireland.
| | - Joris C Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
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Farokhnia M, Lee MR, Farinelli LA, Ramchandani VA, Akhlaghi F, Leggio L. Pharmacological manipulation of the ghrelin system and alcohol hangover symptoms in heavy drinking individuals: Is there a link? Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 172:39-49. [PMID: 30030128 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide synthesized in the stomach, is a key player in the gut-brain axis. In addition to its role in regulating food intake and energy homeostasis, ghrelin has been shown to modulate alcohol-related behaviors. Alcohol consumption frequently results in hangover, an underexplored phenomenon with considerable medical, psychological, and socioeconomic consequences. While the pathophysiology of hangover is not clear, contributions of mechanisms such as alcohol-induced metabolic/endocrine changes, inflammatory/immune response, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis have been reported. Interestingly, these mechanisms considerably overlap with ghrelin's physiological functions. Here, we investigated whether pharmacological manipulation of the ghrelin system may affect alcohol hangover symptoms. Data were obtained from two placebo-controlled laboratory studies. The first study tested the effects of intravenous (IV) ghrelin and consisted of two experiments: a progressive-ratio IV alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) and a fixed-dose IV alcohol clamp. The second study tested the effects of an oral ghrelin receptor inverse agonist (PF-5190457) and included a fixed-dose oral alcohol administration experiment. Alcohol hangover data were collected the morning after each alcohol administration experiment using the Acute Hangover Scale (AHS). IV ghrelin, compared to placebo, significantly reduced alcohol hangover after IV-ASA (p = 0.04) and alcohol clamp (p = 0.04); PF-5190457 had no significant effect on AHS scores. Females reported significantly higher hangover symptoms than males following the IV-ASA experiment (p = 0.04), but no gender × drug condition (ghrelin vs. placebo) effect was found. AHS total scores were positively correlated with peak subjective responses, including 'stimulation' (p = 0.08), 'sedation' (p = 0.009), 'feel high' (p = 0.05), and 'feel intoxicated' (p = 0.03) during the IV-ASA. IV ghrelin blunted the positive association between alcohol sedation and hangover as shown by trend-level drug × sedation effect (p = 0.08). This is the first study showing that exogenous ghrelin administration, but not ghrelin receptor inverse agonism, affects hangover symptoms. Future research should investigate the potential mechanism(s) underlying this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farokhnia
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary R Lee
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa A Farinelli
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fatemeh Akhlaghi
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Chavarria J, Rueger SY, King AC. Hangover in Post-College-Aged Drinkers: Psychometric Properties of the Hangover Symptom Scale (HSS) and the Hangover Symptom Scale-Short Form (HSS-5). Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1122-1131. [PMID: 29660151 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol hangovers have been found to be a common and costly consequence of alcohol misuse. However, there is only limited psychometric support for instruments to accurately measure hangovers beyond the college-age years. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Hangover Symptom Scale (HSS) and the Hangover Symptom Scale-Short Form (HSS-5) including the internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, construct validity, and the measurement invariance of these scales between light and heavy drinkers, individuals with a positive and negative family history of alcohol use disorder (AUD), and men and women in a post-college-aged sample. The association of the HSS and HSS-5 with alcohol use problems was also tested. METHODS Participants were 294 nonalcoholic light and heavy social drinkers (age range 21 to 35 years; 57.8% male) enrolled in the Chicago Social Drinking Project. They completed the HSS as part of a take-home packet completed outside of the laboratory. The psychometric properties of the HSS and HSS-5 were tested. RESULTS Stronger psychometric support was found for the HSS-5 relative to the full HSS. While both measures demonstrated strong internal consistency reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and an association with alcohol use problems, only the HSS-5 showed construct validity as determined by confirmatory factor analysis. Further, only the HSS-5 showed measurement invariance between men and women, light and heavy drinkers, and individuals with a positive and negative family history of AUD. CONCLUSIONS This was the first study to examine the psychometric properties of the HSS and HSS-5 in a post-college-aged sample and the first to investigate the measurement invariance of these measures as a function of sex, drinking history, and family history of AUD. This study supports the use of the HSS-5 as a reliable and valid brief measure of frequency of hangover symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Chavarria
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sandra Y Rueger
- Department of Psychology, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois
| | - Andrea C King
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Vatsalya V, Stangl BL, Schmidt VY, Ramchandani VA. Characterization of hangover following intravenous alcohol exposure in social drinkers: methodological and clinical implications. Addict Biol 2018; 23:493-502. [PMID: 27860050 PMCID: PMC5426994 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hangover refers to the cluster of physiological and behavioral symptoms that occur following the end of a drinking episode. While hangover has been studied after the typical oral consumption of alcohol, the occurrence of hangover following intravenous (IV) alcohol administration in human laboratory studies has not been previously reported. This study characterizes hangover symptoms and post-infusion drinking behavior following acute IV alcohol administration in social drinkers. Twenty-one to thirty-year-old healthy social drinkers (n = 24) underwent an alcohol clamp session at breath alcohol concentration of 0.06 percent. Hangover symptoms as well as any post-infusion drinking that occurred between the end of the session and the following morning were assessed using the Acute Hangover Scale, and examined for influences of recent drinking history, family history of alcoholism and Sex. Results indicated a 79 percent prevalence of hangover symptoms, with the most common symptoms being 'tired', 'thirsty' and 'headache'. Recent drinking measures showed significant effects on Average Hangover Scale scores, with heavier drinkers showing greater hangover symptoms. There was a significant sex difference in average hangover scores, with females reporting higher scores than males. Subjective measures of stimulation and intoxication were also associated with Average Hangover Scale scores. The probability of post-infusion drinking was not predicted by hangover scores, but was related to recent drinking history; subjective response to alcohol was a significant mediator of this relationship. These findings demonstrate that hangover symptoms are experienced following IV alcohol administration, and extend previous studies of influences of risk factors for alcohol use disorders including recent drinking on hangover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsalya Vatsalya
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, USA
| | - Bethany L Stangl
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, USA
| | - Veronica Y Schmidt
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, USA
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, USA
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12
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Piasecki TM, Trela CJ, Mermelstein RJ. Hangover Symptoms, Heavy Episodic Drinking, and Depression in Young Adults: A Cross-Lagged Analysis. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2017; 78:580-587. [PMID: 28728640 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine associations between symptoms of alcohol hangover and depression, both cross-sectionally and prospectively. METHOD Data were from a survey of young adults (N = 986, 60% female) initially recruited as part of an observational study of youth smoking. Participants reported past-year hangover symptoms, past-year frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED), and past-week depression symptoms on two occasions separated by 1 year. Path analysis was used to evaluate prospective, directional associations linking symptoms of depression and hangover after taking into account their stabilities and cross-sectional associations. Individual differences in HED frequency were accounted for to permit interpretation of residual hangover score variance in terms of susceptibility to hangover effects. RESULTS Past-week depression and past-year hangover symptoms were associated at Time 1. Path analysis indicated that Time 1 depression symptoms were associated with elevated hangover symptoms a year later at Time 2. In contrast, Time 1 hangover symptoms did not predict future depression. CONCLUSIONS Depression symptoms are associated with current and future hangover susceptibility. Hangover and depression overlap symptomatically and are empirically associated with one another, suggesting the possibility that common underlying causal mechanisms may contribute to both phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Piasecki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Constantine J Trela
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Robin J Mermelstein
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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13
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Stephens R, Holloway K, Grange JA, Owen L, Jones K, Kruisselbrink D. Does familial risk for alcohol use disorder predict alcohol hangover? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1795-1802. [PMID: 28303371 PMCID: PMC5486944 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Positive family history of alcohol use disorder (FHP), a variable associated with propensity for alcohol use disorder (AUD), has been linked with elevated hangover frequency and severity, after controlling for alcohol use. This implies that hangover experiences may be related to AUD. However, inadequate control of alcohol consumption levels, low alcohol dose and testing for hangover during the intoxication phase detract from these findings. Here, we present further data pertinent to understanding the relationship between family history and alcohol hangover. METHODS Study 1 compared past year hangover frequency in a survey of 24 FHP and 118 family history negative (FHN) individuals. Study 2 applied a quasi-experimental naturalistic approach assessing concurrent hangover severity in 17 FHP and 32 FHN individuals the morning after drinking alcohol. Both studies applied statistical control for alcohol consumption levels. RESULTS In Study 1, both FHP status and estimated blood alcohol concentration on the heaviest drinking evening of the past month predicted the frequency of hangover symptoms experienced over the previous 12 months. In Study 2, estimated blood alcohol concentration the previous evening predicted hangover severity but FHP status did not. CONCLUSIONS FHP, indicating familial risk for AUD, was not associated with concurrent hangover severity but was associated with increased estimates of hangover frequency the previous year.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kara Holloway
- 0000 0004 0415 6205grid.9757.cKeele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG Newcastle, UK
| | - James A. Grange
- 0000 0004 0415 6205grid.9757.cKeele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG Newcastle, UK
| | - Lauren Owen
- 0000 0001 2167 3843grid.7943.9Psychology Department, University of Central Lancashire (UCLAN), Fylde Rd, PR1 2HE Preston, UK
| | - Kate Jones
- 0000 0004 1769 7123grid.420622.0Health and Safety Laboratory, Buxton, UK
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Abstract
Because hangovers have been shown to affect cognitive functions and physical performance such as pilot maneuvers, they represent a threat to productivity and safety in the workplace. This article discusses why hangovers are rarely addressed by policies concerning alcohol and intoxication in the workplace. Following a review of relevant research on hangovers with implications for work impairment, the article considers ways in which otherwise well-defined alcohol policies may fail to guide supervisors’ responses to employee hangovers. Measurement problems and biological, psychological, and culturally shaped differences in the experience of hangovers thwart the formulation of simple worktime-hangover policies. The article concludes that further research on the nature and effects of hangovers would strengthen the formulation of policy and educational efforts to prevent them from causing injuries, productivity loss, or conflicts in the workplace.
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15
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Kido M, Asakawa A, Koyama KIK, Takaoka T, Tajima A, Takaoka S, Yoshizaki Y, Okutsu K, Takamine KT, Sameshima Y, Inui A. Acute effects of traditional Japanese alcohol beverages on blood glucose and polysomnography levels in healthy subjects. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1853. [PMID: 27069795 PMCID: PMC4824916 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Alcohol consumption is a lifestyle factor associated with type 2 diabetes. This relationship is reportedly different depending on the type of alcohol beverage. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of traditional Japanese alcohol beverages on biochemical parameters, physical and emotional state, and sleep patterns. Methods. Six healthy subjects (three men and three women; age, 28.8 ± 9.5 years; body mass index, 21.4 ± 1.6 kg/m2) consumed three different types of alcohol beverages (beer, shochu, and sake, each with 40 g ethanol) or mineral water with dinner on different days in the hospital. Blood samples were collected before and 1, 2, and 12 h after drinking each beverage, and assessments of physical and emotional state were administered at the same time. In addition, sleep patterns and brain waves were examined using polysomnography. Results. Blood glucose levels at 1 h and the 12-h area under the curve (AUC) value after drinking shochu were significantly lower than that with water and beer. The 12-h blood insulin AUC value after drinking shochu was significantly lower than that with beer. Blood glucose × insulin level at 1 h and the 2-h blood glucose × insulin AUC value with shochu were significantly lower than that with beer. The insulinogenic indexes at 2 h with beer and sake, but not shochu, were significantly higher than that with water. The visual analogue scale scores of physical and emotional state showed that the tipsiness levels with beer, shochu, and sake at 1 h were significantly higher than that with water. These tipsiness levels were maintained at 2 h. The polysomnography showed that the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency with shochu and sake were shorter than that with water and beer. Conclusions. Acute consumption of alcohol beverages with a meal resulted in different responses in postprandial glucose and insulin levels as well as REM sleep latency. Alcohol beverage type should be taken into consideration for people with impaired glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kido
- Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro K Koyama
- Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Toshio Takaoka
- The Japanese Society of Sleep Research, Kagoshima Takaoka Hospital , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Aya Tajima
- Kagoshima Takaoka Hospital , Kagoshima , Japan
| | | | - Yumiko Yoshizaki
- Laboratory of Shochu Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Kayu Okutsu
- Laboratory of Shochu Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Kazunori T Takamine
- Laboratory of Shochu Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sameshima
- Laboratory of Shochu Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Akio Inui
- Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
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16
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Huntley G, Treloar H, Blanchard A, Monti PM, Carey KB, Rohsenow DJ, Miranda R. An event-level investigation of hangovers' relationship to age and drinking. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2015; 23:314-323. [PMID: 26280593 PMCID: PMC4579002 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Animal and human data suggest that adolescents experience hangover effects that are distinct from adults. The present study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods to examine the temporal relationships between drinking and hangovers, and how this varied by age and sex. We hypothesized that alcohol's dose-dependent effects on hangover severity are more pronounced among adolescents and young adults than older drinkers. We also explored whether greater hangover severity would lead to a lower likelihood and volume of alcohol use later the same day. Data were pooled from 4 studies of drinkers (N = 274; ages 15 to 66 years) who completed a 4- to 14-day (M = 7.46, SD = 1.13) EMA monitoring period. Each morning, participants recorded how much alcohol they consumed the day before and rated their hangover severity. Participants who consumed a greater quantity of alcohol the prior day reported more severe hangover symptoms; however, there was an interaction between drinking volume and age, such that hangover was more severe among younger drinkers, especially at higher drinking levels. More severe hangover symptoms did not predict the likelihood of drinking later that day; however, on drinking days, more severe hangover symptoms predicted lower quantities of alcohol use later that day. This event-level effect did not vary as a function of age. Study outcomes did not vary by sex. Our findings suggest that younger drinkers experience more severe hangovers, and that greater hangover results in lighter drinking later that same day regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayley Treloar
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | | | - Peter M. Monti
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Kate B. Carey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Damaris J. Rohsenow
- The Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center and also at the Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Robert Miranda
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
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17
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Wu SH, Guo Q, Viken RJ, Reed T, Dai J. Heritability of usual alcohol intoxication and hangover in male twins: the NAS-NRC Twin Registry. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 38:2307-13. [PMID: 25156618 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is influenced by heritable factors. The genetic influence on usual high-density drinking, including alcohol intoxication and hangover, is unknown. We aim to estimate the heritability of usual high-density drinking. METHODS A total of 13,511 male twins in this cross-sectional study were included from the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC) Twin Registry. Data on the frequency of alcohol intoxication and alcohol hangover over the past year, that is, usual high-density drinking (phenotypes), were collected through a self-administered questionnaire when twins were middle-aged in 1972. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the variance components of phenotypes. RESULTS The mean of the frequency of usual high-density drinking in the entire twin population was 0.16 times per month for intoxication and 0.18 times per month for hangover. The heritability of usual alcohol intoxication was 50.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 46.2 to 55.0) before and 49.9% (95% CI 45.3 to 54.2) after the body mass index (BMI) adjustment. The heritability of usual hangover was 55.4% (95% CI 51.2 to 58.6) before and 54.8% (95% CI 50.6 to 58.8) after adjustment for BMI. Unshared environmental factors between co-twins explained the remaining variance in alcohol intoxication and in hangover. CONCLUSIONS Both genetic and unshared environmental factors have important influences on usual alcohol intoxication and hangover. These findings are important in understanding the occurrence of and developing interventions for usual high-density drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hui Wu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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18
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Verster JC, Alford C, Bervoets AC, de Klerk S, Grange JA, Hogewoning A, Jones K, Kruisselbrink DL, Owen L, Piasecki TM, Raasveld SJ, Royle S, Slutske WS, Smith GS, Stephens R. Hangover research needs: proceedings of the 5th Alcohol Hangover Research Group meeting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 6:245-51. [PMID: 24444044 DOI: 10.2174/1874473707999140121141538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
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- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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19
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Rohsenow DJ, Howland J, Winter M, Bliss CA, Littlefield CA, Heeren TC, Calise TV. Hangover sensitivity after controlled alcohol administration as predictor of post-college drinking. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 121:270-5. [PMID: 21859168 DOI: 10.1037/a0024706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Predicting continued problematic levels of drinking after the early 20's could help with early identification of persons at risk. This study investigated whether hangover insensitivity could predict postcollege drinking and problems beyond the variance due to drinking patterns. In a preliminary study, 134 college seniors from a laboratory study of hangover (Time 1) were contacted and assessed 1-4 years (M = 2.3) later (Time 2). Hangover severity was studied after controlled alcohol administration to a specific dose while controlling sleep and environmental influences. Hangover severity at Time 1 was used to predict Time 2 drinking volume and problems while controlling for relevant demographics and Time 1 drinking volume. Hangover insensitivity at Time 1 tended to predict a clinical level of alcohol problems with a large statistical effect size. Hangover sensitivity also correlated positively with sensitivity to alcohol intoxication. Hangover severity did not predict future drinking volume. Hangover insensitivity correlates with insensitivity to intoxication and might predict more serious alcohol problems in the future, suggesting that a future larger study is warranted. Hangover insensitivity could result from physiological factors underlying low sensitivity to alcohol or risk for alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris J Rohsenow
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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20
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Abstract
AIMS To investigate predictors of hangover during a week of heavy drinking in young adults. Design Observational prospective study. METHODS A total of 112 young Danish tourists were interviewed on three occasions during their holiday. They completed the Acute Hangover Scale and answered questions about their alcohol consumption and rest duration. The incidence of hangover was analysed as the proportion of heavy drinkers (i.e. those reporting drinking more than 12 standard units of alcohol during the night before) scoring above the 90th percentile of light drinkers (i.e. those who had consumed fewer than seven standard units the night before). We estimated the course and predictors of hangover using random effects regression. RESULTS The incidence of hangover was 68% after drinking more than 12 standard units in the whole sample. The severity of hangover increased significantly during a week of heavy drinking and there was a time x number of drinks interaction, indicating that the impact of alcohol consumed on hangover became more pronounced later in the week. Levels of drinking before the holiday did not predict hangover. CONCLUSIONS Hangovers after heavy drinking during holidays appear to be related both to amount drunk and time into the holiday.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hesse
- University of Aarhus, Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Copenhagen Division, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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21
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Prat G, Adan A, Sánchez-Turet M. Alcohol hangover: a critical review of explanatory factors. Hum Psychopharmacol 2009; 24:259-67. [PMID: 19347842 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the hangover phenomenon and briefly review its main explanatory factors. DESIGN Bibliographic research on main databases (Medline and Psychinfo). RESULTS Alcohol hangover is characterized by adverse physical and mental effects that occur the next morning after the intake of toxic doses of alcohol. This phenomenon is a very frequent experience among alcohol-consuming people and it has been associated to high socio-economic costs, mainly due to absenteeism and poor performance in academic and work settings. Multiple theories exist to explain the appearance and severity of hangover, such as direct or indirect effects of alcohol, alcohol withdrawal, and toxic effects of alcoholic beverage congeners or of alcohol metabolites. In addition, a number of intervening factors have been identified, such as vulnerability to alcohol dependence or psychological factors. CONCLUSIONS Although several studies analyze and describe hangover, it is still poorly understood. Further well-designed studies with a unitary methodology and clear operational criteria to define hangover are necessary in order to clarify such a phenomenon. We suggest some future working ideas that should be pursued in order to address the current shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Prat
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Howland J, Rohsenow DJ, Greece J, Almeida A, Minsky SJ, Allensworth-Davies D, Arnedt JT, Hermos J. The incidence and severity of hangover the morning after moderate alcohol intoxication. Addiction 2008; 103:758-65. [PMID: 18412754 PMCID: PMC3864560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the incidence and covariates of hangover following a night of moderate alcohol consumption at a targeted breath alcohol level. DESIGN Data were combined from three randomized cross-over trials investigating the effects of heavy drinking on next-day performance. A total of 172 participants received either alcoholic beverage (mean=0.115 g% breath alcohol concentration) or placebo on one night and the other beverage a week later. The next day, participants completed a hangover scale. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 54 professional merchant mariners attending a recertification course at Kalmar Maritime Academy (Kalmar, Sweden) and 118 university students or recent graduates recruited from greater Boston. SETTING One trial was conducted at Kalmar Maritime Academy (Sweden); the other two were conducted at the General Clinical Research Center at Boston Medical Center. MEASUREMENTS A nine-item scale assessed hangover. FINDINGS Hangover was reported by 76% of participants. Neither alcoholic beverage type nor participant characteristics was associated with incidence of hangover. CONCLUSIONS Our findings on the propensity of hangover suggest that 25-30% of drinkers may be resistant to hangover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Howland
- Youth Alcohol Prevention Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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23
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Kuster GW, da Silva ALP, Aquino CH, Ziviani LF, Domingues RB. Frequency and Features of Delayed Alcohol-Induced Headache Among University Students. Headache 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00416_4.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Woo YS, Yoon SJ, Lee HK, Lee CU, Chae JH, Lee CT, Kim DJ. Concentration changes of methanol in blood samples during an experimentally induced alcohol hangover state. Addict Biol 2005; 10:351-5. [PMID: 16318957 DOI: 10.1080/13556210500352543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A hangover is characterized by the unpleasant physical and mental symptoms that occur between 8 and 16 hours after drinking alcohol. After inducing experimental hangover in normal individuals, we measured the methanol concentration prior to and after alcohol consumption and we assessed the association between the hangover condition and the blood methanol level. A total of 18 normal adult males participated in this study. They did not have any previous histories of psychiatric or medical disorders. The blood ethanol concentration prior to the alcohol intake (2.26+/-2.08) was not significantly different from that 13 hours after the alcohol consumption (3.12+/-2.38). However, the difference of methanol concentration between the day of experiment (prior to the alcohol intake) and the next day (13 hours after the alcohol intake) was significant (2.62+/-1.33/l vs. 3.88+/-2.10/l, respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between the changes of blood methanol concentration and hangover subjective scale score increment when covarying for the changes of blood ethanol level (r=0.498, p<0.05). This result suggests the possible correlation of methanol as well as its toxic metabolite to hangover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sup Woo
- Chuncheon National Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Finnigan F, Schulze D, Smallwood J, Helander A. The effects of self-administered alcohol-induced 'hangover' in a naturalistic setting on psychomotor and cognitive performance and subjective state. Addiction 2005; 100:1680-9. [PMID: 16277628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine in as naturalistic a setting as possible whether having an alcohol-induced 'hangover' impairs psychomotor and cognitive performance. PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN The sample consisted of 71 male and female social drinkers who were tested twice, once at baseline and once after exposure to the study condition. They were randomized into a control group who returned for testing on a prearranged date (n = 33), and a group who were instructed to make arrangements to return the day after a self-determined heavy drinking session (n = 38). Of the 'hangover' group, 13 participants still had a blood alcohol concentration of >1 mg/100 ml at the time of testing and these were analysed separately. All participants were students. MEASUREMENTS Psychomotor performance was assessed by means of a battery of psychomotor tasks, rate of information processing was tested by the Speed and Capacity of Language Processing Test (SCOLP) and subjective state was assessed by questionnaire measures. FINDINGS All participants in the 'hangover' group reported subjective and physical symptoms of hangover on the second testing session. Performance was significantly impaired on the hits-key components of the vigilance task, was less accurate on the primary and secondary reaction time tasks and showed greater dispersion in range of ability for participants in the 'acute and hangover' compared to 'control'. Probe memory revealed no significant group effect. Ratings of subjective state revealed significant group differences for the variables 'ability to drive', 'concentrate' and 'react quickly' as well as 'tiredness'. There were no group differences for performance on the SCOLP. CONCLUSION Hangover had negative effects on self-reported subjective and physical state and subtle effects on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Finnigan
- Department of Psychology, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
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26
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Cho MH, Shim SM, Lee SR, Mar W, Kim GH. Effect of Evodiae fructus extracts on gene expressions related with alcohol metabolism and antioxidation in ethanol-loaded mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43:1365-71. [PMID: 15913877 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Revised: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Evodiae fructus on alcohol concentration in blood plasma and the relative expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), glutathione peroxidase type 5 (GPX5), and catalase (CAT) in mice were assessed 1, 2, 3, and 4h after acute alcohol consumption. Evodiae fructus extracts (2.5, 5, and 10 mL/kg-bw), a commercial hangover removal drug (2.5, 5, and 10 mL/kg-bw), and saline solution, referred to as treatment, positive control, and negative control group, respectively, were orally given at the same time as alcohol administered to mice (20% and 40% concentration). Alcohol concentrations were the lowest in all of the Evodiae fructus treatment groups, as well as one (10 mL/kg-bw) of the positive control groups, 4h after ethanol exposure (0-5mg/dL and 60-110 mg/dL for 20% and 40% ethanol-loaded mice, respectively). Overall, the relative expression of ADH and Zn-Cu SOD were higher in treatment groups than in positive controls; whereas, the relative expression of GPX5 was higher in positive control groups than in treatment groups. The relative expression of ALDH and CAT was unchanged between treatments and positive controls. This study suggests that Evodiae fructus extracts can be used as a possible therapy for alcohol-induced hangover symptoms by stimulating the expression of hepatic alcohol metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Haing Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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27
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Kim DJ, Kim W, Yoon SJ, Choi BM, Kim JS, Go HJ, Kim YK, Jeong J. Effects of alcohol hangover on cytokine production in healthy subjects. Alcohol 2003; 31:167-70. [PMID: 14693266 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2003.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hangover is the syndrome of physical and mental symptoms that occurs 8 to 16 h after alcohol consumption with a zero level of alcohol. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of the alcohol hangover on cytokine production in healthy subjects. The hangover state was defined as 13 h after drinking 1.5 g/kg of alcohol (blood alcohol level=0). A venous blood sample was taken from 20 healthy adult men before consumption of alcohol and during the hangover state. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated and stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the production of the following cytokines: interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). We found that the concentrations of IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-gamma were significantly increased during the hangover state compared with the concentrations in normal conditions. These results support the suggestion that the dysregulated cytokine pathway (IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-gamma) is associated with the symptoms of hangovers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 137-701 Seoul, South Korea.
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28
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Slutske WS, Piasecki TM, Hunt-Carter EE. Development and Initial Validation of the Hangover Symptoms Scale: Prevalence and Correlates of Hangover Symptoms in College Students. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2003; 27:1442-50. [PMID: 14506405 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000085585.81711.ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its ubiquity, hangover has received remarkably little systematic attention in alcohol research. This may be due in part to the lack of a standard measure of hangover symptoms that cleanly taps the physiologic and subjective effects commonly experienced the morning after drinking. In the present study, we developed and evaluated a new scale, the Hangover Symptoms Scale (HSS), to potentially fill this void. METHODS Participants were 1230 currently drinking college students (62% women, 91% Caucasian). They were administered a self-report inventory in which they reported the frequency of occurrence of 13 different hangover symptoms during the past 12 months. Participants also reported their history of alcohol involvement, alcohol-related problems, and family history of alcohol-related problems. RESULTS On average, participants experienced 5 out of 13 different hangover symptoms in the past year; the three most common symptoms were feeling extremely thirsty/dehydrated, feeling more tired than usual, and headache. Higher scores on the HSS were significantly positively associated with the frequency of drinking and getting drunk and the typical quantity of alcohol consumed when drinking, a personal history of alcohol-related problems, and a family history of alcohol-related problems. After controlling for sex differences in alcohol involvement, women had higher scores on the HSS than men. CONCLUSIONS The HSS appears to capture a reasonably valid set of adjectives describing common hangover effects. It is hoped that the availability of a brief, valid hangover assessment such as the HSS will encourage further study of hangover's frequency, correlates, and consequences. Future research is needed to explore the performance of a re-worded HSS in laboratory settings, which may help bridge the gap between laboratory and survey investigations of hangover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S Slutske
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Missouri Alcoholism Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, 65211, USA.
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Kim DJ, Yoon SJ, Lee HP, Choi BM, Go HJ. The effects of alcohol hangover on cognitive functions in healthy subjects. Int J Neurosci 2003; 113:581-94. [PMID: 12856484 DOI: 10.1080/00207450390162308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A hangover is characterized by the constellation of unpleasant physical and mental symptoms that occur between 8 and 16 h after drinking alcohol. We evaluated the effects of experimentally-induced alcohol hangover on cognitive functions using the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. A total of 13 normal adult males participated in this study. They did not have any previous histories of psychiatric or medical disorders. We defined the experimentally-induced hangover condition at 13 h after drinking a high dose of alcohol (1.5 g/kg of body weight). We evaluated the changes of cognitive functions before drinking alcohol and during experimentally-induced hangover state. The Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery was administrated in order to examine the changes of cognitive functions. Cognitive functions, such as visual, memory, and intellectual process functions, were decreased during the hangover state. Among summary scales, the profile elevation scale was also increased. Among localization scales, the scores of left frontal, sensorimotor, parietal-occipital dysfunction, and right parietal-occipital scales were increased during the hangover state. These results indicate that alcohol hangovers have a negative effect on cognitive functions, particularly on the higher cortical and visual functions associated with the left hemisphere and right posterior hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Buchon City, Kyunggi Do, Korea
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Peele S, Brodsky A. Exploring psychological benefits associated with moderate alcohol use: a necessary corrective to assessments of drinking outcomes? Drug Alcohol Depend 2000; 60:221-47. [PMID: 11053757 DOI: 10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to identify positive psychological concomitants of moderate alcohol consumption. Current research and public-health perspectives on alcohol emphasize harms disproportionately relative to benefits. The major exception is research establishing beneficial effects of moderate drinking on cardiovascular health and overall mortality. In addition, much observational and experiential data suggest the widespread prevalence of positive drinking experiences. This paper is one of the first attempts since 1985 to codify such benefits in epidemiological terms. Methodological difficulties in accomplishing this include defining moderate drinking, controlling for confounding variables, and establishing causality. Nonetheless, evidence of psychological benefits has been found in experimental, observational, interview, self-report, correlational, and some prospective research. These positive findings are in the areas of subjective health, mood enhancement, stress reduction, sociability, social integration, mental health, long-term cognitive functioning, and work income/disability. Problem drinkers and alcoholics also seek mood and other benefits from alcohol, but are more likely to drink to counteract negative feelings and to support their egos than are social drinkers. It is as yet impossible to determine to what extent moderate alcohol consumption causes positive psychological outcomes and to what extent it is part of a complex pattern of mutually reinforcing variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peele
- The Lindesmith Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
To assess the interaction of experimentally induced ethanol hangover and cocaine self-administration, rats maintained to self-administer cocaine (0.5 mg/kg/inj) were given either saline or 2 or 4 g/kg ethanol (10% w/v, IP) 15 h prior to cocaine access (dose range tested 0.03-1.0 mg/kg/inj). Cocaine was shown to be dose-dependently self-administered in a significant inverted U-shaped function. EtOH hangover had a significant effect on the dose-dependent effects of cocaine, resulting in a general flattening of the inverted U-shaped function with increasing intensity of hangover. A significant dose-dependent reduction in the number of reinforcer deliveries occurred at the peak of the cocaine dose-response function (0.06 mg/kg/inj) following the 2 and 4 g/kg EtOH pretreatment doses when compared to saline pretreatment. These data suggest that hangover may alter the ability for moderate doses of cocaine to "prime" and maintain stable self-administration behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Briscoe
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.
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Gutgesell ME, Timmerman M, Keller A. Reported alcohol use and behavior in long-distance runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996; 28:1063-70. [PMID: 8871918 DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199608000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Because alcohol may impair sports performance, we hypothesized there would be less drinking in serious recreational runners. We used mailed questionnaires to examine drinking patterns (2-wk quantity/frequency), scores on modified versions of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (brief MAST [BMAST], short MAST [SMAST]), and parental history of problem drinking in 397 men and 144 women runners participating in a 20-mile race, compared with a nonexercising control population of 138 men and 119 women. A subset of 188 pairs (104 men, 84 women) were matched for gender, age, educational level, and marital status. We used chi-square analysis, paired t-test, and ANOVA. Male gender, running, and a family history for problem drinking predicted increased total alcohol consumption. We found that male runners (vs male controls) drank more 14.2 +/- 19.6 vs 5.4 +/- 7.6 drinks.wk-2, P = 0.004) and felt guilty about their drinking (26.6% vs 13.8%, P < 0.01). Men and women runners reported more occasions of drinking than matched controls (2.8 +/- 2.7 vs 2.0 +/- 2.3.wk-2, P = 0.004). Runners with scores on the BMAST (> or = 6) or SMAST (> or = 3) suggestive of a history of problem drinking drank less than controls with a similar score. Contrary to our hypothesis, running is associated with increased alcohol consumption, except in those who report a history of problem alcohol behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Gutgesell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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Etzioni RD, Fienberg SE, Gilula Z, Haberman SJ. Statistical models for the analysis of ordered categorical data in public health and medical research. Stat Methods Med Res 1994; 3:179-204. [PMID: 7952431 DOI: 10.1177/096228029400300205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the late 1970s statisticians extended the methods for analysing loglinear and logit models for cross-classified categorical data to incorporate information about the ordinal structure of the categories corresponding to some of the classification variables. In this paper we review one class of such extensions known as association models. We consider association models with and without order restrictions on the parameters and we use these models to answer research questions about several medical examples involving ordered categorical data. We emphasize the interpretation of parameters in the association models and how this relates to the research questions of interest.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevailing view today is that alcohol consumption is unambiguously a social and public health problem. This paper presents evidence to balance this view. METHODS Evidence of beneficial effects of alcohol against coronary artery disease is examined, together with cultural reasons for resistance in the United States to the implications of this evidence. RESULTS Alcohol use reduces the risk of coronary artery disease--the major cause of heart disease, America's leading killer--even for those at risk for such disease. Moreover, recent research indicates that alcohol continues to reduce risk at the higher levels of drinking measured in general populations. However, with consumption of more than two drinks daily, these gains are increasingly offset by greater mortality from other causes. CONCLUSIONS Educators, public health commentators, and medical investigators are uneasy about findings of healthful effects of drinking. A cultural preoccupation with alcoholism and the negative effects of drinking works against frank scientific discussions in the United States of the advantages for the cardiovascular system of alcohol consumption. This set has deep roots in American history but is inconsistent with public health goals.
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