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Seth A, Yokokura Y, Choi JY, Shyer JA, Vidyarthi A, Craft J. AP-1-independent NFAT signaling maintains follicular T cell function in infection and autoimmunity. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20211110. [PMID: 36820828 PMCID: PMC9998660 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated gene expression programs enable development and function of T cell subsets. Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells coordinate humoral immune responses by providing selective and instructive cues to germinal center B cells. Here, we show that AP-1-independent NFAT gene expression, a program associated with hyporesponsive T cell states like anergy or exhaustion, is also a distinguishing feature of Tfh cells. NFAT signaling in Tfh cells, maintained by NFAT2 autoamplification, is required for their survival. ICOS signaling upregulates Bcl6 and induces an AP-1-independent NFAT program in primary T cells. Using lupus-prone mice, we demonstrate that genetic disruption or pharmacologic inhibition of NFAT signaling specifically impacts Tfh cell maintenance and leads to amelioration of autoantibody production and renal injury. Our data provide important conceptual and therapeutic insights into the signaling mechanisms that regulate Tfh cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Seth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yoshiyuki Yokokura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jin-Young Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Justin A. Shyer
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aurobind Vidyarthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joe Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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2
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Kagan T, Stoyanova G, Lockshin RA, Zakeri Z. Ceramide from sphingomyelin hydrolysis induces neuronal differentiation, whereas de novo ceramide synthesis and sphingomyelin hydrolysis initiate apoptosis after NGF withdrawal in PC12 Cells. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:15. [PMID: 35101031 PMCID: PMC8802477 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ceramide, important for both neuronal differentiation and dedifferentiation, resides in several membranes, is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial, and nuclear membranes, and can be further processed into glycosphingolipids or sphingomyelin. Ceramide may also be generated by hydrolysis of sphingomyelin by neutral or acidic sphingomyelinases in lysosomes and other membranes. Here we asked whether the differing functions of ceramide derived from different origins. Methods We added NGF to PC12 cells and to TrkA cells. These latter overexpress NGF receptors and are partially activated to differentiate, whereas NGF is required for PC12 cells to differentiate. We differentiated synthesis from hydrolysis by the use of appropriate inhibitors. Ceramide and sphingomyelin were measured by radiolabeling. Results When NGF is added, the kinetics and amounts of ceramide and sphingomyelin indicate that the ceramide comes primarily from hydrolysis but, when hydrolysis is inhibited, can also come from neosynthesis. When NGF is removed, the ceramide comes from both neosynthesis and hydrolysis. Conclusion We conclude that the function of ceramide depends heavily on its intracellular location, and that further understanding of its function will depend on resolving its location during changes of cell status. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-021-00767-2. Ceramide and sphingomyelin reportedly are important both for differentiation of nerve cells and for their death. We studied PC12 cells, which can differentiate into neuron-like cells in the presence of nerve growth factor and cells that overexpress receptors for nerve growth factor. By combining various inhibitors, we conclude that in the presence of nerve growth factor ceramide comes from hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, but when nerve growth factor is removed and the cells atrophy and die, sphingomyelin comes from both neosynthesis and hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Kagan
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Gloria Stoyanova
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA.,St. Johns University, Jamaica, NY, USA
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Lambuk L, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Agarwal P, Peresypkina A, Pobeda A, Ismail NM. Magnesium acetyltaurate prevents retinal damage and visual impairment in rats through suppression of NMDA-induced upregulation of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 (c-Jun/c-Fos). Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2330-2344. [PMID: 33818520 PMCID: PMC8354133 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium acetyltaurate (MgAT) has been shown to have a protective effect against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal cell apoptosis. The current study investigated the involvement of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos) in neuroprotection by MgAT against NMDA-induced retinal damage. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to undergo intravitreal injection of vehicle, NMDA or MgAT as pre-treatment to NMDA. Seven days after injections, retinal ganglion cells survival was detected using retrograde labelling with fluorogold and BRN3A immunostaining. Functional outcome of retinal damage was assessed using electroretinography, and the mechanisms underlying antiapoptotic effect of MgAT were investigated through assessment of retinal gene expression of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Retinal phospho-NF-κB, phospho-p53 and AP-1 levels were evaluated using western blot assay. Rat visual functions were evaluated using visual object recognition tests. Both retrograde labelling and BRN3A immunostaining revealed a significant increase in the number of retinal ganglion cells in rats receiving intravitreal injection of MgAT compared with the rats receiving intravitreal injection of NMDA. Electroretinography indicated that pre-treatment with MgAT partially preserved the functional activity of NMDA-exposed retinas. MgAT abolished NMDA-induced increase of retinal phospho-NF-κB, phospho-p53 and AP-1 expression and suppressed NMDA-induced transcriptional activity of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos). Visual object recognition tests showed that MgAT reduced difficulties in recognizing the visual cues (i.e. objects with different shapes) after NMDA exposure, suggesting that visual functions of rats were relatively preserved by pre-treatment with MgAT. In conclusion, pre-treatment with MgAT prevents NMDA induced retinal injury by inhibiting NMDA-induced neuronal apoptosis via downregulation of transcriptional activity of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1-mediated c-Jun/c-Fos. The experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, UiTM CARE No 118/2015 on December 4, 2015 and UiTM CARE No 220/7/2017 on December 8, 2017 and Ethics Committee of Belgorod State National Research University, Russia, No 02/20 on January 10, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidawani Lambuk
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Puneet Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Peresypkina
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Anna Pobeda
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Nafeeza Mohd Ismail
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abadi B, Shahsavani Y, Faramarzpour M, Rezaei N, Rahimi HR. Antidepressants with anti-tumor potential in treating glioblastoma: A narrative review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:35-48. [PMID: 34212424 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is known as the deadliest form of brain tumor. In addition, its high treatment resistance, heterogeneity, and invasiveness make it one of the most challenging tumors. Depression is a common psychological disorder among patients with cancer, especially GBM. Due to the high occurrence rates of depression in GBM patients and the overlap of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases, finding antidepressants with antitumor effects could be considered as an affordable strategy for the treatment of GBM. Antidepressants exert their antitumor properties through different mechanisms. According to available evidence in this regard, some of them can eliminate the adverse effects resulting from chemo-radiotherapy in several cancers along with their synergistic effects caused by chemotherapy. Therefore, providing comprehensive insight into this issue would guide scientists and physicians in developing further preclinical studies and clinical trials, in order to evaluate antidepressants' antitumor potential. Considering that no narrative review has been recently published on this issue, specifically on these classes of drugs, we present this article with the purpose of describing the antitumor cellular mechanisms of three classes of antidepressants as follows: tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafshe Abadi
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yasamin Shahsavani
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahsa Faramarzpour
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Rahimi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Pathak A, Clark S, Bronfman FC, Deppmann CD, Carter BD. Long-distance regressive signaling in neural development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2021; 10:e382. [PMID: 32391977 PMCID: PMC7655682 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nervous system development proceeds via well-orchestrated processes involving a balance between progressive and regressive events including stabilization or elimination of axons, synapses, and even entire neurons. These progressive and regressive events are driven by functionally antagonistic signaling pathways with the dominant pathway eventually determining whether a neural element is retained or removed. Many of these developmental sculpting events are triggered by final target innervation necessitating a long-distance mode of communication. While long-distance progressive signaling has been well characterized, particularly for neurotrophic factors, there remains relatively little known about how regressive events are triggered from a distance. Here we discuss the emergent phenomenon of long-distance regressive signaling pathways. In particular, we will cover (a) progressive and regressive cues known to be employed after target innervation, (b) the mechanisms of long-distance signaling from an endosomal platform, (c) recent evidence that long-distance regressive cues emanate from platforms like death receptors or repulsive axon guidance receptors, and (d) evidence that these pathways are exploited in pathological scenarios. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles Signaling Pathways > Global Signaling Mechanisms Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cytoplasmic Localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shayla Clark
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Francisca C. Bronfman
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher D. Deppmann
- Departments of Biology, Cell Biology, Biomedical Engineering, and Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Bruce D. Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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6
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Lee CH. Change of Nurr1 expression in mouse hippocampal CA3 region following excitotoxic neuronal damage. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:202-205. [PMID: 32405363 PMCID: PMC7211359 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.38712.9177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Nuclear receptor-related protein 1 (Nurr1), one of immediate-early genes, is a member of orphan nuclear receptor family. The aim of this study was to investigate the time-dependent change of Nurr1 protein expression in the mouse hippocampal CA3 region following kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxic neuronal damage. Materials and Methods: Male ICR mice were used as experimental animals, and 30 mg/kg KA was administered intraperitoneally. To confirm the KA-induced neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA3 region, Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence staining was performed. In addition, the time-dependent change of Nurr1 protein expression was also examined using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results: Marked neuronal damage was observed in the hippocampal CA3 region at 24 hr after KA injection. In addition, both Nurr1 immunoreactivity and protein level were significantly increased at 6 hr and 12 hr after KA injection, and then decreased at 24 hr after KA injection. Conclusion: This result indicates that KA-induced alteration of Nurr1 protein expression may be associated with the neuronal degeneration in the hippocampal CA3 region after KA injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Schellino R, Boido M, Vercelli A. JNK Signaling Pathway Involvement in Spinal Cord Neuron Development and Death. Cells 2019; 8:E1576. [PMID: 31817379 PMCID: PMC6953032 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) is a Janus-faced kinase, which, in the nervous system, plays important roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. Three genes, encoding for 10 JNK isoforms, have been identified: jnk1, jnk2, and jnk3. In the developing spinal cord, JNK proteins control neuronal polarity, axon growth/pathfinding, and programmed cell death; in adulthood they can drive degeneration and regeneration, after pathological insults. Indeed, recent studies have highlighted a role for JNK in motor neuron (MN) diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy. In this review we discuss how JNK-dependent signaling regulates apparently contradictory functions in the spinal cord, in both the developmental and adult stages. In addition, we examine the evidence that the specific targeting of JNK signaling pathway may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MN diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Schellino
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Marina Boido
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), 10125 Turin, Italy
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Action mechanism of anti-wrinkle effect of Rhamnus yoshinoi methanol extract in human dermal fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. Toxicol Res 2019; 36:69-77. [PMID: 32042713 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-019-00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhamnus yoshinoi is a deciduous broad-leaf bush and endemic species widely found in Korea. Recently, we reported that R. yoshinoi methanol extract (RYME) had excellent antioxidant activity and inhibition of collagenase and elastase activity in cell-free system. In this study, we investigated the ability of RYME to control the mRNA and protein expression levels of the known skin wrinkle-related factors in cultured human dermal fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. Treatment with 100 or 200 μg/mL RYME strongly blocked the UVB-induced downregulation of type 1 collagen mRNA expression (p < 0.001) and partially blocked the UVB-induced upregulation of MMP-3 mRNA expression in HaCaT human keratinocytes (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001). Treatment with RYME at 100 μg/mL considerably decreased MMP-1 mRNA expression in UVB-exposed HaCaT cells (p < 0.01). In HaCaT cells, RYME exhibited the potential to improve UV light-induced skin wrinkles. Moreover, RYME selectively inhibited the UVB-induced ERK-1/2 protein phosphorylation in CCD-986sk human dermal fibroblasts at 80 and 160 μg/mL. UV-induced ERK-1/2 protein phosphorylation is one of the major mechanisms of the generation of UV-induced skin wrinkles. Therefore, it is likely that the anti-skin wrinkling effect of RYME could be attributable to selective inhibition of UV induced ERK-1/2 protein phosphorylation.
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Gábriel R, Pöstyéni E, Dénes V. Neuroprotective Potential of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide in Retinal Degenerations of Metabolic Origin. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1031. [PMID: 31649495 PMCID: PMC6794456 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP1-38) is a highly conserved member of the secretin/glucagon/VIP family. The repressive effect of PACAP1-38 on the apoptotic machinery has been an area of active research conferring a significant neuroprotective potential onto this peptide. A remarkable number of studies suggest its importance in the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly in relation to retinal metabolic disorders. In our review, we provide short descriptions of various pathological conditions (diabetic retinopathy, excitotoxic retinal injury and ischemic retinal lesion) in which the remedial effect of PACAP has been well demonstrated in various animal models. Of all the pathological conditions, diabetic retinopathy seems to be the most intriguing as it develops in 75% of patients with type 1 and 50% of patients with type 2 diabetes, with concomitant progression to legal blindness in about 5%. Several animal models have been developed in recent years to study retinal degenerations and out of these glaucoma and age-related retina degeneration models bear human recapitulations. PACAP neuroprotection is thought to operate through enhanced cAMP production upon binding to PAC1-R. However, the underlying signaling network that leads to neuroprotection is not fully understood. We observed that (i) PACAP is not equally efficient in the above conditions; (ii) in some cases more than one signaling pathways are activated; (iii) the coupling of PAC1-R and signaling is stage dependent; and (iv) PAC1-R is not the only receptor that must be considered to interpret the effects in our experiments. These observations point to a complex signaling mechanism, that involves alternative routes besides the classical cAMP/protein kinase A pathway to evoke the outstanding neuroprotective action. Consequently, the possible contribution of the other two main receptors (VPAC1-R and VPAC2-R) will also be discussed. Finally, the potential medical use of PACAP in some retinal and ocular disorders will also be reviewed. By taking advantage of, low-cost synthesis technologies today, PACAP may serve as an alternative to the expensive treatment modelities currently available in ocular or retinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gábriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Etelka Pöstyéni
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Dénes
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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10
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Zhou T, Wang H, Shen J, Li W, Cao M, Hong Y, Cao M. The p35/CDK5 signaling is regulated by p75NTR in neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15856-15871. [PMID: 30770557 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, involves in neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). It has been previously demonstrated that phosphorylation of p35 is a crucial factor for fighting against the proapoptotic p25/CDK5 signaling in neuronal apoptosis. Then, in ICH models of rats and primary cortical neurons, we found that the expressions of p75NTR, p-histone H1 (the kinase activity of CDK5), p25, Fas-associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1), and phosphorylated myocyte enhancer factor 2D (p-MEF2D) were enhanced after ICH, whereas the expression of p35-Thr(138) was attenuated. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis indicated several interactions as follows: p35/p25 and CKD5, p75NTR and p35, as well as p75NTR and FAP-1. After p75NTR or FAP-1 depletion with double-stranded RNA interference in PC12 cells, the levels of p25 and p-histone H1 were attenuated, whereas p35-Thr(138) was elevated. Considering p75NTR has no effect of dephosphorylation, our results suggested that p75NTR might promote the dephosphorylation of p35-Thr(138) via interaction with FAP-1, and the p75NTR/p35 complex upregulated p25/CDK5 signaling to facilitate the neuronal apoptosis following ICH. So, in the study, we aimed to provide a theoretical and experimental basis that p75NTR could be regulated to reduce neuronal apoptosis following ICH for potential clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nantong Rich Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabing Shen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Maosheng Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Hong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Maohong Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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11
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Falsafi N, Soleimani T, Fallahi H, Azadbakht M. Regulatory networks upon neurogenesis induction in PC12 cell line by small molecules. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18813-18824. [PMID: 30919969 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alteration in the normal regulatory pathway of differentiation can lead to the induction of programmed cell death. Accordingly, some chemicals like staurosporine, nerve growth factor, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide, and trimethyltin are shown to be able to induce differentiation in vitro, via different mechanisms in the PC12 cell line. Hence, understanding the details of the molecular mechanisms of differentiation induction by these small molecules are important for further application of these molecules in neurogenesis. Therefore, we sought to determine these signaling pathways, using gene regulatory networks analysis. Then, we have conducted a comparative analysis of the alterations in the gene expression pattern of the PC12 cell lines in response to these chemicals at the early stages. Based on the comparative analysis and previous knowledge, we have proposed the affected pathways during differentiation and apoptosis. Our findings could be useful in the development of protocols to reprogramming of neurons by such small molecules with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Falsafi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tahereh Soleimani
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehri Azadbakht
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE Apoptosis is one of the main involved processes during development and organogenesis and its aberration may result in tumorigenesis. In the present study, due to the role of death inducer-obliterator 1 (DIDO1) in activation of caspases 9 and 3 during the apoptosis process, the role of DIDO1 as the shortest splicing variant of the DIDO gene was assessed for the first time in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. METHODS DIDO1 mRNA expression in tumor tissues from 50 ESCC patients was compared to their corresponding margin normal tissues using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Nine out of 50 (18%) and 13 out of 50 (26%) cases had DIDO1 under- and overexpression, respectively. There was a significant correlation between DIDO1 mRNA expression and tumor depth of invasion (p = 0.050). Also, there was a significant correlation between age of patients and levels of DIDO1 mRNA expression (p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first report that assessed the DIDO1 expression in ESCC patients and revealed its probable role in the early steps of tumor progression and metastasis. Therefore, DIDO1 can be suggested as a marker for the primary ESCCs.
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13
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A MAPK/c-Jun-mediated switch regulates the initial adaptive and cell death responses to mitochondrial damage in a neuronal cell model. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 104:73-86. [PMID: 30236993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is defined by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are associated with PD although it is not fully understood how neurons respond to these stresses. How adaptive and apoptotic neuronal stress response pathways are regulated and the thresholds at which they are activated remains ambiguous. Utilising SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, we show that MAPK/AP-1 pathways are critical in regulating the response to mitochondrial uncoupling. Here we found the AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun can act in either a pro- or anti-apoptotic manner, depending on the level of stress. JNK-mediated cell death in differentiated cells only occurred once a threshold of stress was surpassed. We also identified a novel feedback loop between Parkin activity and the c-Jun response, suggesting defective mitophagy may initiate MAPK/c-Jun-mediated neuronal loss observed in PD. Our data supports the hypothesis that blocking cell death pathways upstream of c-Jun as a therapeutic target in PD may not be appropriate due to crossover of the pro- and anti-apoptotic responses. Boosting adaptive responses or targeting specific aspects of the neuronal death response may therefore represent more viable therapeutic strategies.
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Goldsmith CD, Bond DR, Jankowski H, Weidenhofer J, Stathopoulos CE, Roach PD, Scarlett CJ. The Olive Biophenols Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol Selectively Reduce Proliferation, Influence the Cell Cycle, and Induce Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071937. [PMID: 30004416 PMCID: PMC6073890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current chemotherapy drugs for pancreatic cancer only offer an increase in survival of up to six months. Additionally, they are highly toxic to normal tissues, drastically affecting the quality of life of patients. Therefore, the search for novel agents, which induce apoptosis in cancer cells while displaying limited toxicity towards normal cells, is paramount. The olive biophenols, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, have displayed cytotoxicity towards cancer cells without affecting non-tumorigenic cells in cancers of the breast and prostate. However, their activity in pancreatic cancer has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the anti-pancreatic cancer potential of oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. Pancreatic cancer cells (MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3, and CFPAC-1) and non-tumorigenic pancreas cells (HPDE) were treated with oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol to determine their effect on cell viability. Oleuropein displayed selective toxicity towards MIA PaCa-2 cells and hydroxytyrosol towards MIA PaCa-2 and HPDE cells. Subsequent analysis of Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase 3/7 activation determined that oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol induced apoptosis in MIA PaCa-2 cells, while oleuropein displayed a protective effect on HPDE cells. Gene expression analysis revealed putative mechanisms of action, which suggested that c-Jun and c-Fos are involved in oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol induced apoptosis of MIA PaCa-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe D Goldsmith
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Group, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
| | - Danielle R Bond
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Group, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights 2305, NSW, Australia.
| | - Helen Jankowski
- Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights 2305, NSW, Australia.
| | - Judith Weidenhofer
- Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights 2305, NSW, Australia.
| | - Costas E Stathopoulos
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Abertay, Dundee, Scotland DD1 1HG, UK.
| | - Paul D Roach
- Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Scarlett
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Group, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights 2305, NSW, Australia.
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Abstract
Neuroblastomas are characterized by heterogeneous clinical behavior, from spontaneous regression or differentiation into a benign ganglioneuroma, to relentless progression despite aggressive, multimodality therapy. Indeed, neuroblastoma is unique among human cancers in terms of its propensity to undergo spontaneous regression. The strongest evidence for this comes from the mass screening studies conducted in Japan, North America and Europe and it is most evident in infants with stage 4S disease. This propensity is associated with a pattern of genomic change characterized by whole chromosome gains rather than segmental chromosome changes but the mechanism(s) underlying spontaneous regression are currently a matter of speculation. There is evidence to support several possible mechanisms of spontaneous regression in neuroblastomas: (1) neurotrophin deprivation, (2) loss of telomerase activity, (3) humoral or cellular immunity and (4) alterations in epigenetic regulation and possibly other mechanisms. It is likely that a better understanding of the mechanisms of spontaneous regression will help to identify targeted therapeutic approaches for these tumors. The most easily targeted mechanism is the delayed activation of developmentally programmed cell death regulated by the tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) pathway. Pan-Trk inhibitors are currently in clinical trials and so Trk inhibition might be used as the first line of therapy in infants with biologically favorable tumors that require treatment. Alternative approaches consist of breaking immune tolerance to tumor antigens but approaches to telomere shortening or epigenetic regulation are not easily druggable. The different mechanisms of spontaneous neuroblastoma regression are reviewed here, along with possible therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett M Brodeur
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania/Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Oncology Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CTRB Rm. 3018, 3501 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4302, USA.
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16
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Ghouili F, Martin LJ. Cooperative regulation of Gja1 expression by members of the AP-1 family cJun and cFos in TM3 Leydig and TM4 Sertoli cells. Gene 2017; 635:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Yamasaki T, Deki-Arima N, Kaneko A, Miyamura N, Iwatsuki M, Matsuoka M, Fujimori-Tonou N, Okamoto-Uchida Y, Hirayama J, Marth JD, Yamanashi Y, Kawasaki H, Yamanaka K, Penninger JM, Shibata S, Nishina H. Age-dependent motor dysfunction due to neuron-specific disruption of stress-activated protein kinase MKK7. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7348. [PMID: 28779160 PMCID: PMC5544763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family and controls various physiological processes including apoptosis. A specific upstream activator of JNKs is the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7). It has been reported that MKK7-JNK signaling plays an important regulatory role in neural development, however, post-developmental functions in the nervous system have not been elucidated. In this study, we generated neuron-specific Mkk7 knockout mice (MKK7 cKO), which impaired constitutive activation of JNK in the nervous system. MKK7 cKO mice displayed impaired circadian behavioral rhythms and decreased locomotor activity. MKK7 cKO mice at 8 months showed motor dysfunctions such as weakness of hind-limb and gait abnormality in an age-dependent manner. Axonal degeneration in the spinal cord and muscle atrophy were also observed, along with accumulation of the axonal transport proteins JNK-interacting protein 1 and amyloid beta precursor protein in the brains and spinal cords of MKK7 cKO mice. Thus, the MKK7-JNK signaling pathway plays important roles in regulating circadian rhythms and neuronal maintenance in the adult nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokiwa Yamasaki
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Norie Deki-Arima
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Asahito Kaneko
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Miyamura
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mamiko Iwatsuki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health I, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Matsuoka
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health I, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Fujimori-Tonou
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 3510198, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Okamoto-Uchida
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Hirayama
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Jamey D Marth
- Center for Nanomedicine, SBP Medical Discovery Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Yuji Yamanashi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawasaki
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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18
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Nakajima H, Furukawa C, Chang YC, Ogata H, Magae J. Delayed Growth Suppression and Radioresistance Induced by Long-Term Continuous Gamma Irradiation. Radiat Res 2017; 188:181-190. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14666.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Nakajima
- Department of Breast Surgery, Misugi-kai Sato Hospital, 65-1 Yabuhigashi-machi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1124, Japan
| | - Chiharu Furukawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Research and Innovation, 1201 Takada, Kashiwa 277-0861, Japan
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, 3056-6 Daemyung-4-Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiromitsu Ogata
- Center for Public Health Informatics, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan
| | - Junji Magae
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Research and Innovation, 1201 Takada, Kashiwa 277-0861, Japan
- Center for Public Health Informatics, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan
- Magae Bioscience Institute, 49-4 Fujimidai, Tsukuba 300-1263, Japan
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-11-1 Iwado Kita, Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan
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Yungher BJ, Ribeiro M, Park KK. Regenerative Responses and Axon Pathfinding of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Chronically Injured Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:1743-1750. [PMID: 28324115 PMCID: PMC5361588 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Enhanced regeneration of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons can be achieved by modification of numerous neuronal-intrinsic factors. However, axon growth initiation and the pathfinding behavior of these axons after traumatic injury remain poorly understood outside of acute injury paradigms, despite the clinical relevance of more chronic settings. We therefore examined RGC axon regeneration following therapeutic delivery that is postponed until 2 months after optic nerve crush injury. Methods Optic nerve regeneration was induced by virally mediated (adeno-associated virus) ciliary neurotrophic factor (AAV-CNTF) administered either immediately or 56 days after optic nerve crush in wild-type or Bax knockout (KO) mice. Retinal ganglion nerve axon regeneration was assessed 21 and 56 days after viral injection. Immunohistochemical analysis of RGC injury signals and extrinsic factors in the optic nerve were also examined at 5 and 56 days post crush. Results In addition to sustained expression of injury response proteins in surviving RGCs, we observe axon regrowth in wild-type and apoptosis-deficient Bax KO mice following AAV-CNTF treatment. Fewer instances of aberrant axon growth are seen, at least in the area near the lesion site, in animals given treatment 56 days after crush injury compared to the animals given treatment immediately after injury. We also find evidence of long distance growth into a visual target in Bax KO mice despite postponed initiation of this regenerative program. Conclusions These studies provide evidence against an intrinsic critical period for RGC axon regeneration or degradation of injury signals. Regeneration results from Bax KO mice imply highly sustained regenerative capacity in RGCs, highlighting the importance of long-lasting neuroprotective strategies as well as of RGC axon guidance research in chronically injured animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Yungher
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Márcio Ribeiro
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Kevin K Park
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
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20
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Maor-Nof M, Romi E, Sar Shalom H, Ulisse V, Raanan C, Nof A, Leshkowitz D, Lang R, Yaron A. Axonal Degeneration Is Regulated by a Transcriptional Program that Coordinates Expression of Pro- and Anti-degenerative Factors. Neuron 2016; 92:991-1006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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p75 neurotrophin receptor and its novel interaction partner, NIX, are involved in neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 368:13-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Kravchick DO, Karpova A, Hrdinka M, Lopez-Rojas J, Iacobas S, Carbonell AU, Iacobas DA, Kreutz MR, Jordan BA. Synaptonuclear messenger PRR7 inhibits c-Jun ubiquitination and regulates NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity. EMBO J 2016; 35:1923-34. [PMID: 27458189 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated c-Jun levels result in apoptosis and are evident in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia and after global cerebral insults including stroke and epilepsy. NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists block c-Jun upregulation and prevent neuronal cell death following excitotoxic insults. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating c-Jun abundance in neurons are poorly understood. Here, we show that the synaptic component Proline rich 7 (PRR7) accumulates in the nucleus of hippocampal neurons following NMDAR activity. We find that PRR7 inhibits the ubiquitination of c-Jun by E3 ligase SCF(FBW) (7) (FBW7), increases c-Jun-dependent transcriptional activity, and promotes neuronal death. Microarray assays show that PRR7 abundance is directly correlated with transcripts associated with cellular viability. Moreover, PRR7 knockdown attenuates NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity in neuronal cultures in a c-Jun-dependent manner. Our results show that PRR7 links NMDAR activity to c-Jun function and provide new insights into the molecular processes that underlie NMDAR-dependent excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana O Kravchick
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anna Karpova
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matous Hrdinka
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Lopez-Rojas
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sanda Iacobas
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Abigail U Carbonell
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dumitru A Iacobas
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bryen A Jordan
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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23
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Herdegen T. REVIEW ■ : Jun, Fos, and CREB/ATF Transcription Factors in the Brain: Control of Gene Expression under Normal and Pathophysiological Conditions. Neuroscientist 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107385849600200310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The expression and activation of transcription factors and the control of gene transcription in the nervous system is a recent and rapidly expanding field in neurosciences. This research area may provide insights concerning the information transfer that arises from postsynaptic potentials or ligand-coupling of membrane receptors and terminates in gene expression. Visualization of both de novo synthesis of inducible transcription factors (ITFs) and phosphorylation of preexisting transcription factors have been used to mark neurons, pathways, and networks excited by various stimuli. This article summarizes basics of the transcription process and the complex functions of Jun, Fos, and CREB/ATF proteins, as well as the use of ITFs as experimental instruments in neurophysiology and neurobiology. The major focus is on the alterations in ITF expression following acute or chronic pathophysiological stimuli as mirrors of alterations in neuronal programs underlying adaptation, dysfunctions, or the development of diseases affecting the nervous system. NEUROSCIENTIST 2:153-161, 1996
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Abstract
Global and focal ischemias induce a variety of gene families, including immediate early genes, cytokines, neurotransmitter receptors, and heat-shock proteins. The Janus-like effects of several of these gene prod ucts promote neuronal survival and degeneration. Therefore, determining the molecular pathways respon sible for the differential regulation of these genes is of paramount importance. The discovery of apoptosis as a mediator of delayed neuronal death has led to the identification of a number of other genes involved in postischemic brain damage. Future neuroprotective therapies for cerebral ischemia may be directed at preventing alterations in gene expression. NEUROSCIENTIST 5:238-253, 1999
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean I. Savitz
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine Bronx, New York
| | - Daniel M. Rosenbaum
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Ophthalmology
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York
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25
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Abstract
Injury of peripheral nerve in mammals leads to a complex but stereotypical pattern of histological events that comprise a highly reproducible sequence of degenerative reactions (Wallerian degeneration) succeeded by regenerative responses. These reactions are based on a corresponding sequence of cellular and mo lecular interactions that, in turn, reflect the differential expression of specific genes with functions in nerve degeneration and repair. We report on more than 60 genes and their products that show a specific pattern of regulation following peripheral nerve lesion. The group of regulated genes encoding, e.g., transcription factors, growth factors and their receptors, cytokines, neuropeptides, myelin proteins and lipid carriers, and cytoskeletal proteins as well as extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules. We describe and compare the distinct time-courses and cellular origin of expression and further discuss established or putative mo lecular interrelationships and functions with respect to the contribution of these genes/gene products to the molecular regeneration program of the PNS. NEUROSCIENTIST 3:112-122, 1997
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gillen
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf
| | - Christian Korfhage
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf
| | - Hans Werner Müller
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf
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26
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L-DOPA modulates cell viability through the ERK-c-Jun system in PC12 and dopaminergic neuronal cells. Neuropharmacology 2016; 101:87-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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27
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Stankowska DL, Krishnamoorthy VR, Ellis DZ, Krishnamoorthy RR. Neuroprotective effects of curcumin on endothelin-1 mediated cell death in hippocampal neurons. Nutr Neurosci 2015; 20:273-283. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2015.1119377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota L. Stankowska
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, North Texas Eye Research Institute, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | | | - Dorette Z. Ellis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Raghu R. Krishnamoorthy
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, North Texas Eye Research Institute, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Kapron CM, Cheng L. Reduction in cadmium-induced toxicity by c-Jun modulation in mouse embryo limb bud cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 103:1039-45. [PMID: 26408417 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is known that cadmium-exposed embryonic cells have increased activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), the role of this stress signaling pathway in the embryotoxic response is not clear. Thus, the effects of modification of the transcription factor c-Jun, one of the downstream targets of JNK, on cadmium-induced embryotoxicity were investigated in primary cultures of mouse embryo limb bud cells. METHODS Cultures of limb bud cells harvested on day 11 of gestation were pretreated with antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) to c-Jun to reduce its expression, and then incubated with cadmium in the form of cadmium chloride. Toxicity was measured through assessments of cell proliferation and differentiation, while the effectiveness of the ASO in reducing c-Jun was assessed through Western blotting using phosphorylation-specific antibodies. RESULTS When cells were treated with ASO c-Jun, the total amounts of c-Jun and also cadmium-induced c-Jun activation were diminished. Cadmium-induced cytotoxicity, indicated by reduced cell numbers and differentiation, was found to decrease when cells were exposed to the antisense oligonucleotides to c-Jun. In addition, limb cell numbers and differentiation were also enhanced by exposure to ASO in the absence of cadmium. CONCLUSION The JNK pathway, and particularly the downstream effector c-Jun, appears to play an important role in regulating cell survival and differentiation in mouse embryo limb bud cells both in the presence and absence of the toxic metal cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Kapron
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Le Cheng
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada.
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29
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Li W, Wen C, Bai H, Wang X, Zhang X, Huang L, Yang X, Iwamoto A, Liu H. JNK signaling pathway is involved in piperlongumine-mediated apoptosis in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:709-715. [PMID: 26622558 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PPLGM), an alkaloid isolated from the long pepper (Piper longum L.), can selectively trigger cancer cell death in colorectal cancer cells. The present study investigated whether the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is involved in PPLGM-induced apoptosis in the human colorectal cancer HCT116 cell line. The results demonstrated that PPLGM reduced the cell viability and induced cell apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, without a significant effect on cell cycle distribution. Meanwhile, treatment with 10 µM PPLGM resulted in JNK activation within 1 h, and a marked and sustained increase in c-Jun phosphorylation in the HCT116 cells. In addition, SP600125, a general inhibitor of JNK, inhibited PPLGM-induced apoptosis in the HCT116 cells by inhibiting PPLGM-induced c-Jun phosphorylation. Altogether, it can be concluded that the JNK signaling pathway, at least in part, is involved in PPLGM-mediated apoptosis in HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China ; Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China ; Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China ; Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China ; Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China ; Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Aikichi Iwamoto
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China ; Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Akhter R, Sanphui P, Das H, Saha P, Biswas SC. The regulation of p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis by JNK/c-Jun pathway in β-amyloid-induced neuron death. J Neurochem 2015; 134:1091-103. [PMID: 25891762 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal loss in selective areas of brain underlies the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent evidences place oligomeric β-amyloid (Aβ) central to the disease. However, mechanism of neuron death in response to Aβ remains elusive. Activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and induction of the AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun are reported in AD. However, targets of JNK/c-Jun in Aβ-induced neuron death are mostly unknown. Our study shows that pro-apoptotic proteins, Bim (Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death) and Puma (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis) are targets of c-Jun in Aβ-treated neurons. We demonstrate that the JNK/c-Jun pathway is activated, in cultures of cortical neurons following treatment with oligomeric Aβ and in AD transgenic mice, and that inhibition of this pathway by selective inhibitor blocks induction of Puma by Aβ. We also find that both JNK and p53 pathways co-operatively regulate Puma expression in Aβ-treated neurons. Moreover, we identified a novel AP1-binding site on rat puma gene which is necessary for direct binding of c-Jun with Puma promoter. Finally, we find that knocking down of c-Jun by siRNA provides significant protection from Aβ toxicity and that induction of Bim and Puma by Aβ in neurons requires c-Jun. Taken together, our results suggest that both Bim and Puma are target of c-Jun and elucidate the intricate regulation of Puma expression by JNK/c-Jun and p53 pathways in neurons upon Aβ toxicity. JNK/c-Jun pathway is shown to be activated in neurons of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain and plays a vital role in neuron death in AD models. However, downstream targets of c-Jun in this disease have not been thoroughly elucidated. Our study shows that two important pro-apoptotic proteins, Bim (Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death) and Puma (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis) are targets of c-Jun in Aβ-treated neurons. We demonstrate that the JNK/c-jun pathway is activated, in cultures of cortical neurons following treatment with oligomeric Aβ and in AD transgenic mice, and that inhibition of this pathway by selective inhibitor blocks induction of Puma by Aβ. We have also observed functional co-operation of both JNK and p53 pathway in regulation of Puma under Aβ toxicity. Most importantly, we identified a novel AP1-binding site on rat puma gene which is necessary for direct binding of c-Jun with Puma promoter. Thus, our results suggest that both Bim and Puma are target of c-Jun and elucidate the intricate regulation of Puma expression by JNK/c-Jun and p53 pathways in neurons upon Aβ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Akhter
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Priyankar Sanphui
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Hrishita Das
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Pampa Saha
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhas Chandra Biswas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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31
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Wityak J, McGee KF, Conlon MP, Song RH, Duffy BC, Clayton B, Lynch M, Wang G, Freeman E, Haber J, Kitchen DB, Manning DD, Ismail J, Khmelnitsky Y, Michels P, Webster J, Irigoyen M, Luche M, Hultman M, Bai M, Kuok ID, Newell R, Lamers M, Leonard P, Yates D, Matthews K, Ongeri L, Clifton S, Mead T, Deupree S, Wheelan P, Lyons K, Wilson C, Kiselyov A, Toledo-Sherman L, Beconi M, Muñoz-Sanjuan I, Bard J, Dominguez C. Lead optimization toward proof-of-concept tools for Huntington's disease within a 4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidine class of pan-JNK inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2967-87. [PMID: 25760409 DOI: 10.1021/jm5013598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Through medicinal chemistry lead optimization studies focused on calculated properties and guided by X-ray crystallography and computational modeling, potent pan-JNK inhibitors were identified that showed submicromolar activity in a cellular assay. Using in vitro ADME profiling data, 9t was identified as possessing favorable permeability and a low potential for efflux, but it was rapidly cleared in liver microsomal incubations. In a mouse pharmacokinetics study, compound 9t was brain-penetrant after oral dosing, but exposure was limited by high plasma clearance. Brain exposure at a level expected to support modulation of a pharmacodynamic marker in mouse was achieved when the compound was coadministered with the pan-cytochrome P450 inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wityak
- †CHDI Foundation, Inc., 6080 Center Drive, Suite 100, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Kevin F McGee
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Michael P Conlon
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Ren Hua Song
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Bryan C Duffy
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Brent Clayton
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Michael Lynch
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Gwen Wang
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Emily Freeman
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - James Haber
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Douglas B Kitchen
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - David D Manning
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Jiffry Ismail
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Yuri Khmelnitsky
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Peter Michels
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Jeff Webster
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Macarena Irigoyen
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Michele Luche
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Monica Hultman
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Mei Bai
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - IokTeng D Kuok
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Ryan Newell
- ‡Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Marieke Lamers
- §BioFocus Discovery Services, Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Leonard
- §BioFocus Discovery Services, Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Yates
- §BioFocus Discovery Services, Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Matthews
- §BioFocus Discovery Services, Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Lynette Ongeri
- §BioFocus Discovery Services, Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Clifton
- §BioFocus Discovery Services, Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Tania Mead
- §BioFocus Discovery Services, Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Deupree
- ∥Tandem Laboratories, 2202 Ellis Road, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | - Pat Wheelan
- ∥Tandem Laboratories, 2202 Ellis Road, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | - Kathy Lyons
- ⊥Pharmacokinetics Consultant to CHDI, P.O. Box 64, Holland, New York 14080, United States
| | - Claire Wilson
- #Evotec, 114 Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Kiselyov
- †CHDI Foundation, Inc., 6080 Center Drive, Suite 100, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Leticia Toledo-Sherman
- †CHDI Foundation, Inc., 6080 Center Drive, Suite 100, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Maria Beconi
- †CHDI Foundation, Inc., 6080 Center Drive, Suite 100, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Ignacio Muñoz-Sanjuan
- †CHDI Foundation, Inc., 6080 Center Drive, Suite 100, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Jonathan Bard
- †CHDI Foundation, Inc., 6080 Center Drive, Suite 100, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Celia Dominguez
- †CHDI Foundation, Inc., 6080 Center Drive, Suite 100, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
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Rawat V, Goux W, Piechaczyk M, D Mello SR. c-Fos Protects Neurons Through a Noncanonical Mechanism Involving HDAC3 Interaction: Identification of a 21-Amino Acid Fragment with Neuroprotective Activity. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1165-1180. [PMID: 25592718 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Proteins belonging to the AP-1 family of transcription factors are known to be involved in the regulation of neuronal viability. While strides have been made to elucidate the mechanisms of how individual members regulate cell death, much remains unknown. We find that the expression of one AP-1 member, c-Fos, is reduced in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) induced to die by low potassium (LK) treatment. Restoration and increase of this expression protect CGNs against LK-induced death, whereas knockdown induces death of otherwise healthy neurons. Furthermore, forced expression can protect cortical neurons against homocysteic acid (HCA)-induced toxicity. Taken together, this suggests that c-Fos is necessary for neuronal survival and that elevating c-Fos expression has a neuroprotective effect. Consistent with this idea is the finding that c-Fos expression is reduced selectively in the striatum in two separate mouse models of Huntington's disease and forced expression protects against neuronal death resulting from mutant huntingtin (mut-Htt) expression. Interestingly, neuroprotection by c-Fos does not require its DNA-binding, transcriptional, or heteromerization domains. However, this protective activity can be inhibited by pharmacological inhibition of c-Abl, CK-I, and MEK-ERK signaling. Additionally, expression of point mutant forms of this protein has identified that mutation of a tyrosine residue, Tyr345, can convert c-Fos from neuroprotective to neurotoxic. We show that c-Fos interacts with histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3), a protein that contributes to mut-Htt neurotoxicity and whose overexpression is sufficient to promote neuronal death. When co-expressed, c-Fos can protect against HDAC3 neurotoxicity. Finally, our study identifies a 21-amino acid region at the C-terminus of c-Fos that is sufficient to protect neurons against death induced by LK, HCA treatment, or mut-Htt expression when expressed via a plasmid transfection or as a cell-permeable peptide. This cell-permeable peptide, designated as Fos-CTF, could have potential as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Rawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dedman Life Sciences Building, 6501 Airline Road, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Warren Goux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Marc Piechaczyk
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Santosh R D Mello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dedman Life Sciences Building, 6501 Airline Road, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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Wäster P, Rosdahl I, Öllinger K. Cell fate regulated by nuclear factor-κB- and activator protein-1-dependent signalling in human melanocytes exposed to ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1336-46. [PMID: 25046326 PMCID: PMC4298246 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Summary What's already known about this topic? What does this study add?
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wäster
- Divison of Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-581 85, Linköping, Sweden; Divison of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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34
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Echebli N, Mhadhbi M, Chaussepied M, Vayssettes C, Di Santo JP, Darghouth MA, Langsley G. Engineering attenuated virulence of a Theileria annulata-infected macrophage. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3183. [PMID: 25375322 PMCID: PMC4222746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccines are used to combat tropical theileriosis in North Africa, the Middle East, India, and China. The attenuation process is empirical and occurs only after many months, sometimes years, of in vitro culture of virulent clinical isolates. During this extensive culturing, attenuated lines lose their vaccine potential. To circumvent this we engineered the rapid ablation of the host cell transcription factor c-Jun, and within only 3 weeks the line engineered for loss of c-Jun activation displayed in vitro correlates of attenuation such as loss of adhesion, reduced MMP9 gelatinase activity, and diminished capacity to traverse Matrigel. Specific ablation of a single infected host cell virulence trait (c-Jun) induced a complete failure of Theileria annulata-transformed macrophages to disseminate, whereas virulent macrophages disseminated to the kidneys, spleen, and lungs of Rag2/γC mice. Thus, in this heterologous mouse model loss of c-Jun expression led to ablation of dissemination of T. annulata-infected and transformed macrophages. The generation of Theileria-infected macrophages genetically engineered for ablation of a specific host cell virulence trait now makes possible experimental vaccination of calves to address how loss of macrophage dissemination impacts the disease pathology of tropical theileriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Echebli
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Comparative des Apicomplexes, Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Cnrs UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - Moez Mhadhbi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Marie Chaussepied
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Comparative des Apicomplexes, Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Cnrs UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Vayssettes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Comparative des Apicomplexes, Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Cnrs UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - James P. Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- Inserm U688, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Aziz Darghouth
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
- Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gordon Langsley
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Comparative des Apicomplexes, Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Cnrs UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
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Koller D, Hackl H, Bogner-Strauß JG, Hermetter A. Effects of oxidized phospholipids on gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages: a microarray study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110486. [PMID: 25333283 PMCID: PMC4204898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipids (oxPLs) are components of oxidized LDL (oxLDL). It is known that oxLDL activates expression of a series of atherogenic genes and their oxPLs contribute to their biological activities. In this study we present the effects of 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PGPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) on gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages using cDNA microarrays. PGPC affected the regulation of 146 genes, whereas POVPC showed only very minor effects. PGPC preferentially influenced expression of genes related to cell death, angiogenesis, cholesterol efflux, procoagulant mechanisms, atherogenesis, inflammation, and cell cycle. Many of these effects are known from studies with oxLDL or oxidized 1-hexadecanoyl-2-eicosatetra-5′,8′,11′,14′-enoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (oxPAPC), containing PGPC in addition to other oxPL species. It is known that POVPC efficiently reacts with proteins by Schiff base formation, whereas PGPC only physically interacts with its biological targets. POVPC seems to affect cell physiology to a great extent on the protein level, whereas PGPC gives rise to both the modulation of protein function and regulation on the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Koller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Albin Hermetter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Mariga A, Zavadil J, Ginsberg SD, Chao MV. Withdrawal of BDNF from hippocampal cultures leads to changes in genes involved in synaptic function. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:173-92. [PMID: 25059794 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins play a crucial role in mediating neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. A lack of trophic factor support in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is associated with a transcription-dependent programmed cell death process in developing sympathetic neurons. While most of the attention has been on events culminating in cell death in the PNS, the earliest events that occur after trophic factor withdrawal in the central nervous system (CNS) have not been investigated. In the CNS, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is widely expressed and is released in an activity-dependent manner to shape the structure and function of neuronal populations. Reduced neurotrophic factor support has been proposed as a mechanism to account for changes in synaptic plasticity during neurodevelopment to aging and neurodegenerative disorders. To this end, we performed transcriptional profiling in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. We used a TrkB ligand scavenger (TrkB-FC ) to sequester endogenous neurotrophic factor activity from hippocampal neurons in culture. Using a high-density microarray platform, we identified a significant decrease in genes that are associated with vesicular trafficking and synaptic function, as well as selective increases in MAP kinase phosphatases. A comparison of these changes with recent studies of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment in postmortem brain tissue revealed striking similarities in gene expression changes for genes involved in synaptic function. These changes are relevant to a wide number of conditions in which levels of BDNF are compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Mariga
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, 10016
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Cheng X, Luo H, Hou Z, Huang Y, Sun J, Zhou L. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase, as a downstream signaling molecule of c‑jun, regulates the survival of differentiated PC12 cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1881-6. [PMID: 25069402 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The high expression of c-jun and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) generally occurs in neurons following the generation of various animal models of central neuronal diseases. However, the mechanism between them in neuronal disease remains to be elucidated. Our previous studies demonstrated that the expression of c‑jun always occurs prior to expression of nNOS in motoneuron injuries and suppression of c‑jun expression by c‑jun siRNA decreased nNOS expression in differentiated PC12 cells. The present study aimed to examine whether there was an association of up and downstream regulation or crosstalk between c‑jun and nNOS in neurons. Using a culture of differentiated PC12 cells in vitro, the expression of nNOS and c-jun in cells was investigated by immunofluorescence. The nNOS inhibitor 7‑nitroindazole (7‑NI) was used in differentiated PC12 cells to downregulate the expression of nNOS. The optimal concentration of 7‑NI on the viability and survival of cultured differentiated PC12 cells was selected using a 3‑(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)‑2,5-diphenyltetrazolium assay and the effects of 7‑NI on the activity of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) in differentiated PC12 cells were determined using a NOS Activity Detection kit. The effects of 7‑NI on the gene expression of nNOS and c‑jun were detected by western blot analysis. The results from the immunofluorescence demonstrated that the c‑jun and nNOS protein were constantly expressed in PC12 cells. The cell viability of differentiated PC12 cells were significantly inhibited by treatment with 200 and 400 µmol/l 7‑NI, and the expression levels of the nNOS protein were significantly inhibited by treatment with 200 µmol/l 7‑NI. However, 7‑NI had no significant effect on the protein expression level of c‑jun and the total activities of cNOS. Based on our previous studies, which revealed that the nNOS gene was a downstream signaling molecule of the JNK/c‑jun signaling pathway in cultured neurons, the expression of nNOS downstream was able to be regulated by c‑jun which was the upstream molecule. Therefore, these results indicated that the association between them involved up and downregulation instead of crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Department of Encephalopathy, Encephalopathy Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Haoxuan Luo
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zijun Hou
- Department of Encephalopathy, Encephalopathy Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Encephalopathy Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- Department of Encephalopathy, Encephalopathy Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Kaplan JB, Reinke AW, Keating AE. Increasing the affinity of selective bZIP-binding peptides through surface residue redesign. Protein Sci 2014; 23:940-53. [PMID: 24729132 PMCID: PMC4088978 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The coiled-coil dimer is a prevalent protein interaction motif that is important for many cellular processes. The basic leucine-zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are one family of proteins for which coiled-coil mediated dimerization is essential for function, and misregulation of bZIPs can lead to disease states including cancer. This makes coiled coils attractive protein-protein interaction targets to disrupt using engineered molecules. Previous work designing peptides to compete with native coiled-coil interactions focused primarily on designing the core residues of the interface to achieve affinity and specificity. However, folding studies on the model bZIP GCN4 show that coiled-coil surface residues also contribute to binding affinity. Here we extend a prior study in which peptides were designed to bind tightly and specifically to representative members of each of 20 human bZIP families. These "anti-bZIP" peptides were designed with an emphasis on target-binding specificity, with contributions to design-target specificity and affinity engineered considering only the coiled-coil core residues. High-throughput testing using peptide arrays indicated many successes. We have now measured the binding affinities and specificities of anti-bZIPs that bind to FOS, XBP1, ATF6, and CREBZF in solution and tested whether redesigning the surface residues can increase design-target affinity. Incorporating residues that favor helix formation into the designs increased binding affinities in all cases, providing low-nanomolar binders of each target. However, changes in surface electrostatic interactions sometimes changed the binding specificity of the designed peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer B Kaplan
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Aaron W Reinke
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San DiegoLa Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Amy E Keating
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
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Lee SLO, Son AR, Ahn J, Song JY. Niclosamide enhances ROS-mediated cell death through c-Jun activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:619-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Kristiansen M, Ham J. Programmed cell death during neuronal development: the sympathetic neuron model. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1025-35. [PMID: 24769728 PMCID: PMC4207485 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing sympathetic neurons of the superior cervical ganglion are one of the best studied models of neuronal apoptosis. These cells require nerve growth factor (NGF) for survival at the time that they innervate their final target tissues during late embryonic and early postnatal development. In the absence of NGF, developing sympathetic neurons die by apoptosis in a transcription-dependent manner. Molecular studies of sympathetic neuron apoptosis began in the 1980s. We now know that NGF withdrawal activates the mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway of apoptosis in sympathetic neurons cultured in vitro, and the roles of caspases, Bcl-2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2) family proteins and XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) have been extensively studied. Importantly, a considerable amount has also been learned about the intracellular signalling pathways and transcription factors that regulate programmed cell death in sympathetic neurons. In this article, we review the key papers published in the past few years, covering all aspects of apoptosis regulation in sympathetic neurons and focusing, in particular, on how signalling pathways and transcription factors regulate the cell death programme. We make some comparisons with other models of neuronal apoptosis and describe possible future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kristiansen
- Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - J Ham
- Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Chandravanshi LP, Yadav RS, Shukla RK, Singh A, Sultana S, Pant AB, Parmar D, Khanna VK. Reversibility of changes in brain cholinergic receptors and acetylcholinesterase activity in rats following early life arsenic exposure. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 34:60-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh S. Yadav
- CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchPost Box 80, MG MargLucknow226 001India
- Department of Criminology and Forensic ScienceHarisingh Gour UniversitySagar470003India
| | - Rajendra K. Shukla
- CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchPost Box 80, MG MargLucknow226 001India
| | - Anshuman Singh
- CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchPost Box 80, MG MargLucknow226 001India
| | - Sarwat Sultana
- Neurotoxicology LaboratoryDepartment of Medical Elementology and ToxicologyJamia HamdardNew Delhi110 062India
| | - Aditya B. Pant
- CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchPost Box 80, MG MargLucknow226 001India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchPost Box 80, MG MargLucknow226 001India
| | - Vinay K. Khanna
- CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchPost Box 80, MG MargLucknow226 001India
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c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/c-Jun activation of the p53/microRNA 34a/sirtuin 1 pathway contributes to apoptosis induced by deoxycholic acid in rat liver. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1100-20. [PMID: 24421392 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00420-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are increasingly associated with metabolic liver diseases. We have shown that ursodeoxycholic acid, a hydrophilic bile acid, counteracts the miR-34a/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/p53 pathway, activated in the liver of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients. In contrast, hydrophobic bile acids, particularly deoxycholic acid (DCA), activate apoptosis and are increased in NASH. We evaluated whether DCA-induced apoptosis of rat hepatocytes occurs via miR-34a-dependent pathways and whether they connect with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) induction. DCA enhanced miR-34a/SIRT1/p53 proapoptotic signaling in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In turn, miR-34a inhibition and SIRT1 overexpression significantly rescued targeting of the miR-34a pathway and apoptosis by DCA. In addition, p53 overexpression activated the miR-34a/SIRT1/p53 pathway, further induced by DCA. DCA increased p53 expression as well as p53 transcriptional activation of PUMA and miR-34a itself, providing a functional mechanism for miR-34a activation. JNK1 and c-Jun were shown to be major targets of DCA, upstream of p53, in engaging the miR-34a pathway and apoptosis. Finally, activation of this JNK1/miR-34a proapoptotic circuit was also shown to occur in vivo in the rat liver. These results suggest that the JNK1/p53/miR-34a/SIRT1 pathway may represent an attractive pharmacological target for the development of new drugs to arrest metabolism- and apoptosis-related liver pathologies.
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Role of isothiocyanate conjugate of pterostilbene on the inhibition of MCF-7 cell proliferation and tumor growth in Ehrlich ascitic cell induced tumor bearing mice. Exp Cell Res 2013; 320:311-28. [PMID: 24216289 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring pterostilbene (PTER) and isothiocyanate (ITC) attract great attention due to their wide range of biological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-leukemic, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. A novel class of hybrid compound synthesized by introducing an ITC moiety on PTER backbone was evaluated for its anti-cancer efficacy in hormone-dependent breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) in vitro and Ehrlich ascitic tumor bearing mice model in vivo. The novel hybrid molecule showed significant in vitro anti-cancer activity (IC50=25 ± 0.38) when compared to reference compound PTER (IC50=65 ± 0.42). The conjugate molecule induced both S and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest as indicated by flow cytometry analysis. In addition, the conjugate induced cell death was characterized by changes in cell morphology, DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-9, release of cytochrome-c into cytosol and increased Bax: Bcl-2 ratio. The conjugate also suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK. The conjugate induced cell death was significantly increased in presence of A6730 (a potent Akt1/2 kinase inhibitor) and PD98059 (a specific ERK inhibitor). Moreover, the conjugated PTER inhibited tumor growth in Ehrlich ascitic cell induced tumor bearing mice as observed by reduction in tumor volume compared to untreated animals. Collectively, the pro-apoptotic effect of conjugate is mediated through the activation of caspases, and is correlated with the blockade of the Akt and ERK signaling pathways in MCF-7 cells.
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Kopelovich JC, Cagaanan AP, Miller CA, Abbas PJ, Green SH. Intracochlear electrical stimulation suppresses apoptotic signaling in rat spiral ganglion neurons after deafening in vivo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 149:745-52. [PMID: 23907267 DOI: 10.1177/0194599813498702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the intracellular consequences of electrical stimulation to spiral ganglion neurons after deafferentation. Here we use a rat model to determine the effect of both low and high pulse rate acute electrical stimulation on activation of the proapoptotic transcription factor Jun in deafferented spiral ganglion neurons in vivo. STUDY DESIGN Experimental animal study. SETTING Hearing research laboratories of the University of Iowa Departments of Biology and Otolaryngology. METHODS A single electrode was implanted through the round window of kanamycin-deafened rats at either postnatal day 32 (P32, n = 24) or P60 (n = 22) for 4 hours of stimulation (monopolar, biphasic pulses, amplitude twice electrically evoked auditory brainstem response [eABR] threshold) at either 100 or 5000 Hz. Jun phosphorylation was assayed by immunofluorescence to quantitatively assess the effect of electrical stimulation on proapoptotic signaling. RESULTS Jun phosphorylation was reliably suppressed by 100 Hz stimuli in deafened cochleae of P32 but not P60 rats. This effect was not significant in the basal cochlear turns. Stimulation frequency may be consequential: 100 Hz was significantly more effective than was 5 kHz stimulation in suppressing phospho-Jun. CONCLUSIONS Suppression of Jun phosphorylation occurs in deafferented spiral ganglion neurons after only 4 hours of electrical stimulation. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that electrical stimulation can decrease spiral ganglion neuron death after deafferentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Kopelovich
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Hart AM, Terenghi G, Wiberg M. Neuronal death after peripheral nerve injury and experimental strategies for neuroprotection. Neurol Res 2013; 30:999-1011. [DOI: 10.1179/174313208x362479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Wu D, Li Q, Zhu X, Wu G, Cui S. Valproic acid protection against the brachial plexus root avulsion-induced death of motoneurons in rats. Microsurgery 2013; 33:551-9. [PMID: 23843283 DOI: 10.1002/micr.22130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the role of valproic acid (VPA) in protecting motoneuron after brachial plexus root avulsion was investigated in adult rats. Sixty rats were used in this study, and underwent the brachial plexus root avulsion injury, which was created by using a micro-hemostat forceps to pull out brachial plexus root from the intervertebral foramen. The animals were divided into two groups, VPA group administered with VPA dissolved in drinking water (300 mg/kg) daily, and control group had drinking water every day. The spinal cords (C5-T1) were harvested at day 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 28 for immunohistochemistry analysis, TUNEL staining, Nissl staining, and electron microscopy, respectively. The results showed that with VPA administration, the survival of motoneurons was promoted and the cell apoptosis was inhibited. The number of c-Jun and Bcl-2 positive motoneurons was increased immediately after avulsion both in control and VPA group, however, the percent of c-Jun positive motoneurons was decreased and the percent of Bcl-2 positive motoneurons was increased by VPA treatment significantly. Our results indicated that motoneurons were protected by VPA against cell death induced by brachial plexus root avulsion through c-Jun inhibition and Bcl-2 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianxiu Wu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Clinical Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Clinical Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangzhi Wu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Clinical Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shusen Cui
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Clinical Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kwon JY, Weon JI, Koedrith P, Park KS, Kim IS, Seo YR. Identification of molecular candidates and interaction networks via integrative toxicogenomic analysis in a human cell line following low-dose exposure to the carcinogenic metals cadmium and nickel. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1185-94. [PMID: 23828170 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium and nickel have been classified as carcinogenic to humans by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer. Given their prevalence in the environment, the fact that cadmium and nickel may cause diseases including cancer even at low doses is a cause for concern. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the toxicological effects induced by low-dose exposure to cadmium and nickel remain to be elucidated. Furthermore, it has recently been recognized that integrative analysis of DNA, mRNA and proteins is required to discover biomarkers and signaling networks relevant to human toxicant exposure. In the present study, we examined the deleterious effects of chronic low-dose exposure of either cadmium or nickel on global profiling of DNA copy number variation, mRNA and proteins. Array comparative genomic hybridization, gene expression microarray and functional proteomics were conducted, and a bioinformatics tool, which predicted signaling pathways, was applied to integrate data for each heavy metal separately and together. We found distinctive signaling networks associated with subchronic low-dose exposure to cadmium and nickel, and identified pathways common to both. ACTB, HSP90AA1, HSPA5 and HSPA8, which are key mediators of pathways related to apoptosis, proliferation and neoplastic processes, were key mediators of the same pathways in low-dose nickel and cadmium exposure in particular. CASP-associated signaling pathways involving CASP3, CASP7 and CASP9 were observed in cadmium-exposed cells. We found that HSP90AA1, one of the main modulators, interacted with HIF1A, AR and BCL2 in nickel-exposed cells. Interestingly, we found that HSP90AA1 was involved in the BCL2-associated apoptotic pathway in the nickel-only data, whereas this gene interacted with several genes functioning in CASP-associated apoptotic signaling in the cadmium-only data. Additionally, JUN and FASN were main modulators in nickel-responsive signaling pathways. Our results provide valuable biomarkers and distinctive signaling networks that responded to subchronic low-dose exposure to cadmium and nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Young Kwon
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
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Minero VG, Khadjavi A, Costelli P, Baccino FM, Bonelli G. JNK activation is required for TNFα-induced apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:92-8. [PMID: 23751896 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A frequent distinctive feature of tumors, hepatocellular carcinomas included, is resistance to apoptosis induced by a variety of agents, among which the pleiotropic cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF). Compared to other cell types, hepatocytes and hepatoma-derived cell lines are poorly susceptible to TNF-induced apoptosis, which is largely ascribed to activation of the prosurvival transcription factor NF-κB and can be overcome by associating TNF to low doses of protein synthesis inhibitors or other drugs. AIMS This study analyses the molecular mechanisms by which TNF, in combination with cycloheximide (CHX), induces apoptosis in human hepatoma-derived Huh7 cells, focusing on the role played by JNK. METHODS Huh7 cell cultures were treated with TNF + CHX in the presence or in the absence of the pancaspase inhibitor zVADfmk or of the JNK inhibitor SP600125 as well as after suppression of JNK expression by RNAi. Apoptosis was assessed both by light microscopy and by flow cytometry, JNK and caspase activation by western blotting and/or enzymatic assay. RESULTS TNF + CHX-induced death of Huh7 cells involved JNK activation since it was partially prevented by suppressing JNK activity or expression. Moreover, apoptosis was significantly reduced also by zVADfmk, while SP600125 and zVADfmk combined totally abrogated cell death in an additive fashion. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a causal role for JNK and caspases in TNF+CHX-induced apoptosis of Huh7 human hepatoma cells. Therefore, strategies aimed at enhancing both pathways should provide a profitable basis to overcome the resistance of hepatocarcinoma cells to TNF-dependent apoptosis.
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Cheng X, Fu R, Gao M, Liu S, Li YQ, Song FH, Bruce I, Zhou LH, Wu W. Intrathecal application of short interfering RNA knocks down c-jun expression and augments spinal motoneuron death after root avulsion in adult rats. Neuroscience 2013; 241:268-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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