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Sheldon RA. Biocatalysis and biomass conversion: enabling a circular economy. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190274. [PMID: 32623984 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper is based on a lecture presented to the Royal Society in London on 24 June 2019. Two of the grand societal and technological challenges of the twenty-first century are the 'greening' of chemicals manufacture and the ongoing transition to a sustainable, carbon neutral economy based on renewable biomass as the raw material, a so-called bio-based economy. These challenges are motivated by the need to eliminate environmental degradation and mitigate climate change. In a bio-based economy, ideally waste biomass, particularly agricultural and forestry residues and food supply chain waste, are converted to liquid fuels, commodity chemicals and biopolymers using clean, catalytic processes. Biocatalysis has the right credentials to achieve this goal. Enzymes are biocompatible, biodegradable and essentially non-hazardous. Additionally, they are derived from inexpensive renewable resources which are readily available and not subject to the large price fluctuations which undermine the long-term commercial viability of scarce precious metal catalysts. Thanks to spectacular advances in molecular biology the landscape of biocatalysis has dramatically changed in the last two decades. Developments in (meta)genomics in combination with 'big data' analysis have revolutionized new enzyme discovery and developments in protein engineering by directed evolution have enabled dramatic improvements in their performance. These developments have their confluence in the bio-based circular economy. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Science to enable the circular economy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, P O Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, Section BOC, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
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2
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Sheldon RA, Brady D. Broadening the Scope of Biocatalysis in Sustainable Organic Synthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2859-2881. [PMID: 30938093 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This Review is aimed at synthetic organic chemists who may be familiar with organometallic catalysis but have no experience with biocatalysis, and seeks to provide an answer to the perennial question: if it is so attractive, why wasn't it extensively used in the past? The development of biocatalysis in industrial organic synthesis is traced from the middle of the last century. Advances in molecular biology in the last two decades, in particular genome sequencing, gene synthesis and directed evolution of proteins, have enabled remarkable improvements in scope and substantially reduced biocatalyst development times and cost contributions. Additionally, improvements in biocatalyst recovery and reuse have been facilitated by developments in enzyme immobilization technologies. Biocatalysis has become eminently competitive with chemocatalysis and the biocatalytic production of important pharmaceutical intermediates, such as enantiopure alcohols and amines, has become mainstream organic synthesis. The synthetic space of biocatalysis has significantly expanded and is currently being extended even further to include new-to-nature biocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section BOC, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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Geoffry K, Achur RN. Screening and production of lipase from fungal organisms. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Porcar R, Lozano P, Burguete MI, Garcia-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Dimethyl carbonate as a non-innocent benign solvent for the multistep continuous flow synthesis of amino alcohols. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient methodology for the production and resolution of amino alcohols with a low environmental impact has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Porcar
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- Spain
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Murcia
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- E-30100 Murcia
| | - Maria Isabel Burguete
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Verdugo
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry Group
- University Jaume I
- Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sheldon
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, PO Wits 2050, South Africa
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section BOC, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - John M. Woodley
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Patre RE, Mal S, Nilkanth PR, Ghorai SK, Deshpande SH, El Qacemi M, Smejkal T, Pal S, Manjunath BN. First report on bio-catalytic N-formylation of amines using ethyl formate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2382-2385. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07679c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bio-catalyzed N-formylation reaction of different amines has been developed using ethyl formate as a formylating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjib Mal
- Syngenta Biosciences Pvt. Ltd
- Santa Monica Works
- India
| | | | | | | | | | - Tomas Smejkal
- Syngenta Crop Protection Muenchwilen AG
- CH-4332 Stein
- Switzerland
| | - Sitaram Pal
- Syngenta Biosciences Pvt. Ltd
- Santa Monica Works
- India
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Guajardo N, Carlesi C, Schrebler R, Morales J. Applications of Liquid/Liquid Biphasic Oxidations by Hydrogen Peroxide with Ionic Liquids or Deep Eutectic Solvents. Chempluschem 2016; 82:165-176. [PMID: 31961556 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This Minireview focuses on recent applications of ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in biphasic oxidations in which the oxidizing agent corresponds to hydrogen peroxide. Biphasic reactions are accomplished when the substrate presents low or moderate solubility in aqueous (polar) systems and/or when separation of products and byproduct is an issue. The properties of the IL and DES allows the reaction activity to be intensified. On the other hand, the high chemical stability of the ionic solvents allows the use of hydrogen peroxide to minimize solvent degradation and unwanted byproducts. The experimental evidence presented herein shows that ILs and DESs can be used as cocatalysts, catalysts, and solvents to achieve enhanced yields and conversions. The process advantages, in terms of a reduction of volatile solvents, improve the safety and use of the oxidizing agent, which implies the possibility of developing new process improvements in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Guajardo
- Centro de Desarrollo y Transferencia Tecnológica (CEDYTEC), Facultad de Ingeniería, Ciencias y Tecnología, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Avda. Viel, 1497, Santiago, Chile.,IONCHEM Ltda, Avda. Diego Portales 925, 301, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Carlos Carlesi
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avda. Brasil, 2162, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Jaime Morales
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avda. Brasil, 2162, Valparaíso, Chile
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Aminolysis of linoleic and salicylic acid derivatives with Candida antarctica lipase B: A solvent-free process to obtain amphiphilic amides for cosmetic application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Lipozyme 435-catalyzed synthesis of eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide in a solvent-free system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Cushing KA, Peretti SW. Enzymatic processing of renewable glycerol into value-added glycerol carbonate. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43811b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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de Zoete MC, Ouwehand AA, van Rantwijk F, Sheldon RA. Enzymatic ammoniolysis of amino acid derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19951140408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Malhotra S, Calderón M, Prasad AK, Parmar VS, Haag R. Novel chemoenzymatic methodology for the regioselective glycine loading on polyhydroxy compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2228-37. [DOI: 10.1039/b927021c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Couturier L, Taupin D, Yvergnaux F. Lipase-catalyzed chemoselective aminolysis of various aminoalcohols with fatty acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Mohamad S, Yunus WMZW, Haron MJ, Rahman MZA. Enzymatic Synthesis of Fatty Hydrazides from Palm Oils. J Oleo Sci 2008; 57:263-267. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.57.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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16
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Vaidya BK, Singhal RS. Use of insoluble yeast β-glucan as a support for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 61:101-5. [PMID: 17681766 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, insoluble yeast beta-glucan (IYG) has been explored as a support matrix for enzyme immobilization. IYG contains mainly beta-(1-3) linkages along with some intra- or inter-molecular branches of beta-(1-6) linkages with large number of free hydroxyl groups. Epichlorohydrin was used to convert these free hydroxyl groups into activated epoxy groups that are capable of forming covalent linkages with various groups of enzyme molecule. The epoxy-activated IYG was evaluated for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL). Post-immobilization treatment of 5% glutaraldehyde was given in order to achieve stable and irreversible binding of enzyme on the support. The resultant biocatalytic IYG support expressed lipase activity of 8136.7 U/g and 59.6% activity yield. There was 51.05% retention of synthetic activity after six repeated esterification cycles, indicating its stability and reusability in non-aqueous medium. Moreover, the immobilized lipase gave the storage half-life of about 285 days (at 4 degrees C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhalchandra K Vaidya
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai, India.
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Tufvesson P, Annerling A, Hatti-Kaul R, Adlercreutz D. Solvent-free enzymatic synthesis of fatty alkanolamides. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 97:447-53. [PMID: 17099913 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally benign and volume efficient process for enzymatic production of alkanolamides is described. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B, Novozym435, was used to catalyze the condensation of lauric acid with monoethanolamine. The reaction temperature of 90 degrees C was required to keep the reactants in a liquid state. Stepwise addition of the amine minimized problems caused by the formation of a highly viscous amine/fatty acid ion-pair. The enzyme was both very active and stable under the reaction conditions, with about half of the activity remaining after 2 weeks. The maximum amide yield obtained when using equimolar amounts of the reactants was 75%, which could be increased to 95% upon water removal. Special precautions to avoid co-distillation of the amine were required. Two different strategies to avoid the amine loss are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pär Tufvesson
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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18
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Gill II, Das J, Patel RN. Enantioselective enzymatic acylation of 1-(3′-bromophenyl)ethylamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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GANDHI NEENAN, PATIL NITINS, SAWANT SUDHIRPRAKASHB, JOSHI JYESHTHARAJB, WANGIKAR PRAMODP, MUKESH D. Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/cr-100101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Pujari N, Vaidya B, Bagalkote S, Ponrathnam S, Nene S. Poly(urethane methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate)-supported-polypropylene biphasic membrane for lipase immobilization. J Memb Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Carboni-Oerlemans C, Domínguez de María P, Tuin B, Bargeman G, van der Meer A, van Gemert R. Hydrolase-catalysed synthesis of peroxycarboxylic acids: Biocatalytic promiscuity for practical applications. J Biotechnol 2006; 126:140-51. [PMID: 16730828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Revised: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic promiscuity concept involves the possibility that one active site of an enzyme can catalyse several different chemical transformations. A rational understanding of the mechanistic reasons for this catalytic performance could lead to new practical applications. The capability of certain hydrolases to perform the perhydrolysis was described more than a decade ago, and recently its molecular basis has been elucidated. Remarkably, a similarity between perhydrolases (cofactor-free haloperoxidases) and serine hydrolases was found, with both groups of enzymes sharing a common catalytic triad, which suggests an evolution from a common ancestor. On the other hand, several biotechnological applications derived from the capability of hydrolases to catalyse the synthesis of peracids have been reported: the use of hydrolases as bleaching agents via in situ generation of peracids; (self)-epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, olefins, or plant oils, via Prileshajev epoxidation; Baeyer-Villiger reactions. In the present review, the molecular basis for this promiscuous hydrolase capability, as well as identified applications are reviewed and described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Carboni-Oerlemans
- Akzo Nobel Chemicals BV, Chemicals Process Technology Department (CPT), Velperweg 76, PO Box 9300, 6800 SB Arnhem, The Netherlands.
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Chandrasekaran SM, Bhartiya S, Wangikar PP. Substrate specificity of lipases in alkoxycarbonylation reaction: QSAR model development and experimental validation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 94:554-64. [PMID: 16528758 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although lipases are known to catalyze alkoxycarbonylation reactions in organic solvents, the existing knowledge base on their substrate specificity in alkoxycarbonylation reaction is sparse. Moreover, models to predict substrate specificity have not been reported. Here, we report the experimentally measured rate constants for 180 acyl donor-alcohol pairs and demonstrate the two-step synthesis of over 70 disubstituted carbonate products from simple precursors such as diphenyl carbonate and alcohols. The efficiency of synthesis was found to be dependent on the order of alcohol addition. This motivated the need to develop a model to predict lipase specificity in alkoxycarbonylation reactions. A partial least square model has been developed to correlate the reaction rate with (i) descriptors of alcohol for a fixed acyl donor, (ii) descriptors of acyl donor for a fixed alcohol, (iii) descriptors of both the acyl donor and the alcohol. The number of descriptors being far greater than the number of observations was a potential limitation in the model development. This was addressed by selecting a subset of descriptors using a systematic procedure based on (a) correlation among the descriptors and step-wise regression methodology, and (b) variable influence on projection methodology. The model was able to accurately predict the reaction rate and the optimal order of addition of alcohols in the two-step synthesis of disubstituted carbonates using the enzyme mixture. The descriptor subset and the relevant model would benefit the users of lipases in synthetic applications while the modeling strategy presented here can have applications in predicting specificity of other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha M Chandrasekaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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23
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van Rantwijk F, Sheldon RA. Enantioselective acylation of chiral amines catalysed by serine hydrolases. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Screening and catalytic activity in organic synthesis of novel fungal and yeast lipases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Sánchez R, Luna H, Pérez HI, Manjarrez N, Solı́s A. Evaluation of animal liver acetone powders for the resolution of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cardenas F, de Castro MS, Sanchez-Montero JM, Sinisterra JV, Valmaseda M, Elson SW, Alvarez E. Novel microbial lipases: catalytic activity in reactions in organic media. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001; 28:145-154. [PMID: 11166805 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
2,000 microbial strains were isolated from soil samples and tested to determine their lipolytic activity by employing screening techniques on solid and in liquid media. Culture broths were initially tested with 1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-resorufinyl ester, a chromogenic substrate specific for lipases. Fourteen lipase-producing microorganisms were selected and their taxonomic identification was carried out. Hydrolysis of tributyrin or olive oil and the esterification of oleic acid with heptanol were selected to preliminary evaluate the catalytic activity of these lipases. All the selected lipases catalysed this esterification reaction with good yields. Resolution of (R,S)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid, (R,S)-1-phenylethanol, (R,S) 1-phenylethylamine and of (R) or (S) glycidol were performed to evaluate the stereoselectivity of these novel enzymes as biocatalysts in reactions in organic media. Lipases from the fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Ovadendron sulphureo-ochraceum gave the best yields and enantioselectivities in the resolution of racemic ibuprofen and 1-phenylethanol. Several lipases displayed a high stereoselectivity in the resolution of chiral amines by an alcoxycarbonylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cardenas
- SmithKline Beecham, Centro de Investigación Básica, Santiago Grisolía, 4, Parque Tecnológico de Madrid, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
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Hacking M, van Rantwijk F, Sheldon R. Lipase catalysed acylation of hydroxylamine and hydrazine derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Hacking MA, Akkus H, van Rantwijk F, Sheldon RA. Lipase and esterase-catalyzed acylation of hetero-substituted nitrogen nucleophiles in water and organic solvents. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 68:84-91. [PMID: 10699875 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(20000405)68:1<84::aid-bit10>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The lipase- and esterase-catalyzed acylations of hydroxylamine and hydrazine derivatives with octanoic acid and ethyl octanoate are described. The influence of solvent and nucleophile on the initial reaction rate was investigated for a number of free and immobilized enzymes. Initial rates were highest in water, but the overall productivity was optimal in dioxane. Octanoic acid (250 g/L) was converted for 93% into the hydroxamic acid in 36 h with only 1% (w/w) Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) in dioxane at 40 degrees C. This translates to a catalyst productivity of 68.5 g. g(-1). day(-1) and a space time yield of 149 g. L(-1). day(-1), unprecedented figures in the direct reaction of an acid with a nitrogen nucleophile in an organic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hacking
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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29
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Lipase catalysed synthesis of diacyl hydrazines: an indirect method for kinetic resolution of chiral acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(99)00095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hacking M, van Rantwijk F, Sheldon R. Lipase catalyzed reactions of aliphatic and arylaliphatic carbonic acid esters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(99)00097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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van Rantwijk F, Woudenberg-van Oosterom M, Sheldon R. Glycosidase-catalysed synthesis of alkyl glycosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(99)00042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Abstract
Diphenyl carbonate is an attractive monomer for copolymerization with Bisphenol-A to produce the strong, high melting polycarbonate, Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate. Diphenyl carbonate is an ideal candidate for this polymerization as the phenols constitute good leaving groups during polymerization. Industrially, diphenyl carbonate is produced via the phosgenation of a phenolic sodium salt. Using phosgene creates additional safety hazards as well as concerns in treating or disposing of the reaction by-products. The enzymatic synthesis of diphenyl carbonate via alcoholysis of dimethyl carbonate by phenol is presented. While the process is environmentally benign and eliminates the considerable safety issues related to the use of phosgene, phenol is a poor nucleophile and conversion to diphenyl carbonate is limited. Enzyme catalyzed condensation polymerization of carbonate monomers and diols is a more feasible and direct enzymatic route to polycarbonate. We describe an AA-BB condensation polymerization to make polycarbonates using enzymes at ambient conditions. Molecular weights of up to 8, 500 MW are achieved. Unlike the industrial polymerization, this process is performed without the use of acid catalysts, significant energy input, or high temperature or pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Rodney
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering & Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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