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Ring NAR, Valdivieso K, Grillari J, Redl H, Ogrodnik M. The role of senescence in cellular plasticity: Lessons from regeneration and development and implications for age-related diseases. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1083-1101. [PMID: 35472291 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular state which involves cell cycle arrest and a proinflammatory phenotype, and it has traditionally been associated with cellular and organismal aging. However, increasing evidence suggests key roles in tissue growth and regrowth, especially during development and regeneration. Conversely, cellular plasticity-the capacity of cells to undergo identity change, including differentiation and dedifferentiation-is associated with development and regeneration but is now being investigated in the context of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer disease. Here, we discuss the paradox of the role for cellular senescence in cellular plasticity: senescence can act as a cell-autonomous barrier and a paracrine driver of plasticity. We provide a conceptual framework for integrating recent data and use the interplay between cellular senescence and plasticity to provide insight into age-related diseases. Finally, we argue that age-related diseases can be better deciphered when senescence is recognized as a core mechanism of regeneration and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Anneliese Ruth Ring
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karla Valdivieso
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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Ogrodnik M. Cellular aging beyond cellular senescence: Markers of senescence prior to cell cycle arrest in vitro and in vivo. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13338. [PMID: 33711211 PMCID: PMC8045927 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of research on cellular senescence experienced a rapid expansion from being primarily focused on in vitro aspects of aging to the vast territories of animal and clinical research. Cellular senescence is defined by a set of markers, many of which are present and accumulate in a gradual manner prior to senescence induction or are found outside of the context of cellular senescence. These markers are now used to measure the impact of cellular senescence on aging and disease as well as outcomes of anti-senescence interventions, many of which are at the stage of clinical trials. It is thus of primary importance to discuss their specificity as well as their role in the establishment of senescence. Here, the presence and role of senescence markers are described in cells prior to cell cycle arrest, especially in the context of replicative aging and in vivo conditions. Specifically, this review article seeks to describe the process of "cellular aging": the progression of internal changes occurring in primary cells leading to the induction of cellular senescence and culminating in cell death. Phenotypic changes associated with aging prior to senescence induction will be characterized, as well as their effect on the induction of cell senescence and the final fate of cells reviewed. Using published datasets on assessments of senescence markers in vivo, it will be described how disparities between quantifications can be explained by the concept of cellular aging. Finally, throughout the article the applicational value of broadening cellular senescence paradigm will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Vienna Austria
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3
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Liang Y, Che Y, Yang B, Zhan F, Li H, Guan X, Zhang Y, Yin Q, Li C, Li J, Zhao Z, Liu L, Jiang G, Liao Y, Xu X, Ye J, Ren Q, He Y, Feng M, Wang L, Fan S, Cui X, Wang Z, Li C, Xiao H, Liu R, Li Q, Jiang C, Liu J, Li Q. Immunogenicity and Safety of an F-Genotype Attenuated Mumps Vaccine in Healthy 8- to 24-Month-Old Children. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:50-58. [PMID: 30085178 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mumps vaccine immunizations have reduced the incidence of this disease. With the variation of mumps circulating strain, novel vaccine strains are always important. Methods A 2-center parallel, randomized, double-blind noninferiority trial was performed to compare an F-genotype attenuated mumps vaccine (SP strain) to the A-genotype vaccine (S-79, Jeryl-Lynn strain) in 1080 healthy children aged 8-24 months in Hubei, China. Results Participants were randomly assigned to receive a high or low dose of the SP or S79 vaccine and then assessed clinically at 30 minutes and 1-28 days postinoculation. No differences in local or systemic reactivity were observed. A similar incidence of severe adverse events associated with the vaccine was observed in the high-dose group and the positive control group. Based on throat swab collections, no viral shedding was present at the 4th and 10th days in any group. Neutralizing and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody assays with the F- or A-genotype strains showed similar trends in geometric mean titers in the high-dose SP and S79 groups. Increased cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses were observed in all groups. Conclusions The F-genotype attenuated mumps vaccine is safe, offers immunogenicity against a homologous virus, and is noninferior to the A-genotype vaccine in 8- to 24-month-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yanchun Che
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Beifang Yang
- Hubei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Faxian Zhan
- Hubei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhua Guan
- Hubei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Qiongzhou Yin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Changgui Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Zhimei Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Longding Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Guorun Jiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Liao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xingli Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Jianjun Ye
- Hubei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Qunhui Ren
- Dangyang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei, China
| | - Yonghua He
- Gucheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei, China
| | - Min Feng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Shengtao Fan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Hubei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanyin Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Haitao Xiao
- Dangyang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Gucheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Hubei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Changjun Jiang
- Dangyang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei, China
| | - Jianqun Liu
- Gucheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei, China
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
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Mc Auley MT, Guimera AM, Hodgson D, Mcdonald N, Mooney KM, Morgan AE, Proctor CJ. Modelling the molecular mechanisms of aging. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160177. [PMID: 28096317 PMCID: PMC5322748 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process is driven at the cellular level by random molecular damage that slowly accumulates with age. Although cells possess mechanisms to repair or remove damage, they are not 100% efficient and their efficiency declines with age. There are many molecular mechanisms involved and exogenous factors such as stress also contribute to the aging process. The complexity of the aging process has stimulated the use of computational modelling in order to increase our understanding of the system, test hypotheses and make testable predictions. As many different mechanisms are involved, a wide range of models have been developed. This paper gives an overview of the types of models that have been developed, the range of tools used, modelling standards and discusses many specific examples of models that have been grouped according to the main mechanisms that they address. We conclude by discussing the opportunities and challenges for future modelling in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Mc Auley
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Chester, Chester, U.K
| | - Alvaro Martinez Guimera
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Ormskirk, U.K
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - David Hodgson
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Ormskirk, U.K
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Neil Mcdonald
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Ormskirk, U.K
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | | | - Amy E Morgan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Chester, Chester, U.K
| | - Carole J Proctor
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Ormskirk, U.K.
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
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5
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Morgunova GV, Klebanov AA, Khokhlov AN. Interpretation of data about the impact of biologically active compounds on viability of cultured cells of various origin from a gerontological point of view. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3103/s0096392516020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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Mesothelial cell: a multifaceted model of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:595-604. [PMID: 23415666 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) dominate within the peritoneal cavity and thus play a central role in a variety of intraperitoneal processes, including the transport of water and solutes, inflammation, host response, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. In addition, they contribute to the development of abdominal adhesions, peritonitis, endometriosis, cancer cell metastases, and peritoneal dialysis complications. For less than a decade the primary cultures of omental HPMCs have also been used as an experimental tool in studies on cellular aging. This paper provides the first comprehensive overview of the current state of art on molecular mechanisms underlying HPMC senescence in vitro. Special attention is paid to the causes of the very fast dynamics of HPMC senescence, and in particular to the role of non-telomeric DNA damage, the autocrine activity of TGF-β1, and the causative effects of oxidative stress. In addition, some clinical manifestations of HPMC senescence will be discussed, including its interplay with organismal aging, peritoneal dialysis, and cancer progression.
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7
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Beier F, Balabanov S, Amberger CC, Hartmann U, Manger K, Dietz K, Kötter I, Brummendorf TH. Telomere length analysis in monocytes and lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus using multi-color flow-FISH. Lupus 2008; 16:955-62. [PMID: 18042589 DOI: 10.1177/0961203307084299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to analyse telomere length in subsets of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes, we modified a recently developed multicolor flow- fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) methodology that combines flow-FISH and antibody staining for cell surface antigens. We analysed telomere length of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a group of 22 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 20 age-matched healthy donors. We found that neither CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ cells nor CD14+ monocytes have significantly shorter telomeres compared with their healthy counterparts. On the basis of these findings, we then used monocyte telomere length as internal reference in order to control for intra-individual variability in telomere length. By using this approach, we could demonstrate significant telomere shortening in all three lymphocyte subsets (in all cases P < 0.05) compared with monocytes. However, these differences did not vary significantly between SLE patients and controls. In summary, telomere lengths in subpopulations of hematopoietic cells can be monitored in patients with SLE using multicolor flow-FISH. While confirming data by other groups on telomere length in lymphocyte subpopulations, our data argue against an increased proliferation rate of peripheral blood monocytes reflected by accelerated telomere shortening in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Beier
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Tubingen, Germany
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8
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Abstract
Extensive evidence supports the idea that progressive telomere loss contributes to the phenomenon of cell replicative senescence, but the mechanisms responsible for telomere loss are still unclear. In addition to the widely recognized end-replication problem, there is evidence that oxidative stress plays a major role in determining the rate of loss of telomeric DNA, and the action of a C-strand-specific exonuclease is also suggested to be important. We describe a mathematical model which examines the different contributions of these mechanisms to telomere loss and its role in triggering cell senescence. The model allows us to make quantitative predictions about the rates of telomere loss resulting from these alternative mechanisms, and their interactions. By varying the key parameters of the model, it is possible to examine the extent to which the different hypotheses are compatible with quantitative and qualitative features of the experimental data. For example, the model predicts that under low levels of oxidative stress, the main mechanisms of telomere shortening are the end-replication problem plus C-strand processing. However, when levels of oxidative stress are higher, as in cell cultures grown under normoxic or hyperoxic conditions, the model predicts that single strand breaks make an important contribution to telomere loss and their inclusion within the model is necessary to explain the data. We suggest that theoretical models of this kind are valuable tools to bridge the gap between the verbal statements of hypotheses and their rigorous experimental test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole J Proctor
- Department of Gerontology, University of Newcastle, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, NE4 6BE, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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9
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Walker ARP, Walker BF, Sci DD, Adam F. Variations in occurrences of nutrition-related diseases in Sub-Saharan Africans in stages of transition: what of the future? Nutrition 2002; 18:71-4. [PMID: 11827769 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In many Sub-Saharan African populations, in particular urban dwellers, there have been marked rises in the prevalences of obesity in women, hypertension, diabetes, and cerebral vascular disease. Yet there have been only slight rises in coronary heart disease. To learn more of the roles of the various influencing factors in the puzzling situations described, some aspects of the past and present occurrences of these diseases are described and discussed, with comparisons being made with corresponding situations in African Americans, as well as in certain white populations. Despite increases in the knowledge of influencing factors, such fail to explain fully the epidemiologic situations described. As to the future, judging from the experiences of other populations, despite continuing indigence, within the next generation significant rises in coronary heart disease in certain African populations seem to be inevitable. However, in many of those populations, in particular those in the South, the extent of changes, apart from those linked with level of socioeconomic state, will be strongly affected by the rising epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R P Walker
- Human Biochemistry Research Unit, Department of Tropical Diseases, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand and the South African Institute of Medical Research, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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10
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Chen QM. Replicative senescence and oxidant-induced premature senescence. Beyond the control of cell cycle checkpoints. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 908:111-25. [PMID: 10911952 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Normal human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) undergo replicative senescence inevitably in tissue culture after a certain number of cell divisions. A number of molecular changes observed in replicative senescent cells occur in somatic cells during the process of aging. Genetic studies on replicative senescence indicate the control of tumor suppression mechanisms. Despite the significance of replicative senescence in aging and cancer, little is known about the central cause of the complex changes observed in replicative senescent cells. The interest in the phenomenon has intensified in recent years, since damaging agents, certain oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been found to induce features of senescence in early passage young HDFs or in immortalized tumor cells. The reported features of senescence are summarized here in order to clarify the concept of replicative senescence or premature senescence. The experimental results of extending the replicative life span by reducing ambient oxygen tension or by N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN) argue a role of oxidative damage in replicative senescence. By inducing premature senescence with a pulse treatment of H2O2, we can study the role of the cell cycle checkpoint proteins p53, p21, p16 and Rb in gaining each feature of senescence. Although p53 and Rb control G1 arrest and Rb appears to control cell enlargement, activation of the senescent associate beta-galactosidase, loss of cell replication and multiple molecular changes observed in premature senescent or replicative senescent cells are likely controlled by mechanisms beyond the cell cycle checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q M Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.
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Abstract
Proliferation of activated CD4(+) T cells effectively amplifies the immune response. Based on a model of selective CD4(+) T cell proliferation using an anti-CD3:anti-CD8 bispecific monoclonal antibody that leads to selective proliferation of CD4(+) T cells, we demonstrated that the peripheral CD4(+) T cells of normal subjects can divide for 17 to 38 generations, expanding 1.7 x 10(5) to 3 x 10(11) fold, following a single short period of anti-TCR stimulation. The proliferating CD4(+) T cells maintained IL2R expression. A large subgroup from each subject maintained the CD45RA(hi)CD45RO(lo) phenotype, demonstrating that activation and proliferation do not automatically convert CD4(+) T cells into CD45RA(lo)CD45RO(hi) phenotype. The enormous number of cells generated demonstrated that the peripheral CD4(+) T cells have remarkable regenerative expansion capacity. The high, but substantially variable, proliferative capacities among subjects have important implications for diseases in which CD4(+) T cells play an important role, such as HIV-infection, graft rejection, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
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12
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Ohkusu-Tsukada K, Tsukada T, Isobe KI. Accelerated Development and Aging of the Immune System in p53-Deficient Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.4.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Development and aging of the immune system lead to an accumulation of memory T cells over the long term. The predominance of T cells of the memory phenotype in the T cell population induces an age-related decline in protective immune responses. We found that development and aging of the immune system were accelerated in p53-deficient (p53−/−) mice; the accumulation of memory T cells was spontaneously accelerated, and a strong T cell-dependent Ab response and Th2 cytokine expression (IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) were induced by Ag stimulation in young p53−/− mice in the developmental stage. The high T cell proliferative response in the young mice rapidly progressed to a depressed proliferative response in adult mice. It was suggested that the loss of regulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis by p53 deficiency potentially leads to immunosenescence with the accumulation of memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Ohkusu-Tsukada
- *Department of Basic Gerontology, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Obu, Japan
- †Department of Medical Zoology and Immunolgy, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan; and
| | - Teruyo Tsukada
- *Department of Basic Gerontology, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Obu, Japan
- ‡Department of Experimental Animal Research, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Isobe
- *Department of Basic Gerontology, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Obu, Japan
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Abstract
Some genes are expressed differently in earlier and later generations of most cell lines. Many diseases become clinically expressed only later in life, and show clustering of the age at onset in the affected siblings, which may be related to the changing expression with age of the genes involved. Because insulin and its receptor are extremely ancient and well preserved structures with almost universal mitogenic effects, insulin may serve a paradigm of this process. It is suggested that by stimulating cell proliferation, hyperinsulinemia speeds up the appearance of later generations of cells with different expression of the genes. Insulin resistance, accompanying any hyperinsulinemia and considered to be a pathogenetic factor of some common later-age diseases, involves only some biochemical, but not mitogenic effects of the hormone. In humans, high levels of insulin in blood are encountered both physiologically after meals and in many pathological conditions: insulin therapy inevitably causes peripheral hyperinsulinemia; in type 2 diabetes hyperinsulinemia precedes hyperglycemia by many years; hyperinsulinemia is an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis, of type 2 diabetes itself, of some forms of dementia and other diseases; obesity is an obligatory hyperinsulinemic condition. The opposite of hyperalimentation, i.e. calorie restriction (at least, in rodents) may exert its life-prolonging effects through decreasing insulinemia and therefore the rate of cell proliferation. Insulin is only one example, and different mitogens regulate proliferation of different cells. It is likely that growth factors in general accelerating the replication of cells, play a role in speeding up the appearance of later-age diseases involving these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lev-Ran
- Diabetic Clinic, Maccabi Sick Fund, Petah-Tikva, Israel
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14
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Mu XC, Staiano-Coico L, Higgins PJ. Increased transcription and modified growth state-dependent expression of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene characterize the senescent phenotype in human diploid fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 1998; 174:90-8. [PMID: 9397159 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4652(199801)174:1<90::aid-jcp10>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The type-1 inhibitor of plasminogen activator (PAI-1) is a major physiologic regulator of pericellular proteolytic activity and, as such, influences matrix integrity, cell-to-substrate adhesion, and cellular proliferation. Excessive accumulation of both PAI-1 mRNA and protein correlates with the progressive acquisition of morphological and growth traits characteristic of the senescent phenotype (Mu and Higgins, 1995, J. Cell. Physiol., 165:647-657). Compared to early-passage IMR-90 human diploid fibroblasts, a late-passage senescence-associated 11-fold elevation in steady-state PAI-1 mRNA content reflected a 15-fold increase in constitutive PAI-1 gene transcription. Differential mRNA stability was not a factor in age-associated PAI-1 overexpression in IMR-90 cells. Upon removal of serum, early-passage human fibroblasts enter into a state of growth arrest with marked down-regulation of PAI-1 synthesis. Rapid induction of both the 3.0- and 2.2-kb PAI-1 mRNA species was evident upon serum-induced "activation" of quiescent early-passage fibroblasts; induced PAI-1 transcripts were maximal at 2 hr post-serum stimulation and declined in late G1 prior to entry into S phase. In contrast, late-passage (p32) fibroblasts maintained a significant level of PAI-1 expression under serum-free culture conditions. Although the PAI-1 gene was further responsive to serum in senescent cells, transcript abundance remained elevated and actually increased over the 12 to 16 hr post-serum addition period (a time when early-passage fibroblasts down-regulate PAI-1 mRNA content). Development of the senescent phenotype in human fibroblasts is associated, therefore, with significant changes in PAI-1 gene regulation. Such reprogramming involves predominantly transcriptional events and results in a marked increase in steady-state PAI-1 transcript abundance involving both the 3.0- and 2.2-kb mRNA species.
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Affiliation(s)
- X C Mu
- Department of Microbiology, Albany Medical College, New York 12208, USA
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15
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Kassem M, Ankersen L, Eriksen EF, Clark BF, Rattan SI. Demonstration of cellular aging and senescence in serially passaged long-term cultures of human trabecular osteoblasts. Osteoporos Int 1997; 7:514-24. [PMID: 9604046 DOI: 10.1007/bf02652556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The proliferative capacity and cellular and biochemical characteristics of human trabecular bone osteoblasts were analysed throughout their replicative lifespan in vitro. Like several other cell types, human osteoblasts demonstrated a typical Hayflick phenomenon of cellular aging comprising a period of rapid proliferation until cumulative population doubling level (CPDL) 22 to 24, followed by a phase of slow growth and the final cessation of cell division at CPDL 32 to 34. Comparing young cells (less than 20% lifespan completed) and old cells (more than 90% lifespan completed) revealed a progressive increase in population doubling (PD) time, a decrease in attachment frequency, a decrease in the number of S-phase positive cells, a decrease in the rates of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, an increase in the protein content per cell and an increased proportion of senescence-specific beta-galactosidase positive cells. While osteoblastic production of collagen type I decreased progressively during aging, alkaline phosphatase activity dropped rapidly after the first few passages and then remained constant during the rest of the proliferative lifespan, Significant morphological changes from thin and spindle-shaped early passage young cells to large, flattened and irregularly shaped late passage old cells full of intracellular debris were observed. In comparison, osteoblasts established from an osteoporotic bone sample showed a maximum CPDL of less than 5, had a longer PD time and exhibited abnormal senescent morphology. Thus, we have demonstrated for the first time that human osteoblasts, like several other diploid cell types, have a limited proliferative capacity in vitro and undergo aging and senescence as measured by various cellular and biochemical markers. In addition, preliminary studies show that cells from osteoporotic bone have a severely reduced proliferative capacity. This model of bone cell aging facilitates study of the molecular mechanisms of osteoblast senescence as well as factors related to osteoblast dysfunction in patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kassem
- Danish Centre of Molecular Gerontology, University Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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16
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Mu XC, Higgins PJ. Differential growth state-dependent regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 expression in senescent IMR-90 human diploid fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 1995; 165:647-57. [PMID: 7593245 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041650324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The type-1 inhibitor of plasminogen activator (PAI-1) regulates pericellular proteolytic activity functioning, thereby to control matrix integrity, cell growth, and morphology. Subconfluent late-passage IMR-90 human fibroblasts and normal rat kidney (NRK) cells, both at the stage of replicative senescence accumulated 15- to 30-fold more undersurface PAI-1 protein compared to early-passage, actively-proliferating, cultures. Senescence-associated elevations in PAI-1 expression by IMR-90 cells reflected corresponding 11-fold increases in the 3.0- and 2.2-kb PAI-1 mRNA species. The 2.2-kb transcript exhibited a greater age-dependent increase (7.2-fold) compared to the 3.0-kb mRNA (3.7-fold). Since PAI-1 expression is coupled to growth activation in serum-deprived cultures (Ryan and Higgins, 1993, J. Cell. Physiol., 155:376-384), it was important to determine if PAI-1 gene regulation was altered as a function of cellular aging. In contrast to early-passage cultures, senescent IMR-90 fibroblasts did not down-regulate either PAI-1 protein expression or steady-state levels of PAI-1 mRNA transcripts upon serum-deprivation. Late-passage human fibroblasts at their proliferative end-stage, thus, appear to regulate PAI-1 mRNA levels through different mechanisms than do young, actively-proliferating, cells. PAI-1 overexpression during in vitro cellular aging, therefore, may contribute to the acquisition of specific senescence-associated phenotypic traits (e.g., enlarged cell morphology; increased adhesivity) by altering the pericellular proteolytic balance influencing, in turn, the formation or stability of cell-to-substrate attachment complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X C Mu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Albany Medical College, New York 12208, USA
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17
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Mazin AL. Life span prediction from the rate of age-related DNA demethylation in normal and cancer cell lines. Exp Gerontol 1995; 30:475-84. [PMID: 8557095 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(95)00004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A method has been proposed for the Hayflick Limit prediction by the analysis of the 5-methylcytosine content in DNA at earlier and later cell passages. The following facts were used as the basis of the method: (i) the rate of m5C loss from DNA remains approximately constant during cell divisions and it does not depend on the cell donor age; (ii) this rate is inversely proportional to the Hayflick Limit as well as to the life span of cell donor species; (iii) the period corresponded to loss of all m5C residues from the genome coincides with or somewhat exceeds the Hayflick Limit of normal cells. The prognosis of the Hayflick Limit has usually been found in good agreement with the experimental evidences for various human, hamster, and mouse cell lines. The method proposed may be used for early detection of precrisis and cancer cells. The age-related m5C loss may result from accumulation of the m5C-->T+C transitions occurring with DNA methylation in every cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Mazin
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Ontogenesis, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov State University, Moscow
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18
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Blokhin AV, Khalyavkin AV. Influence of long-term limitation of cell proliferation on the cell cycle duration. Cell Prolif 1995; 28:431-5. [PMID: 7548443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.1995.tb00083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis was tested that constant, long-term inhibition of cell proliferation is the primary cause of cellular senescence. Mouse L-929 fibroblasts were maintained in confluent cultures for periods of 6 and 12 months with cell viability maintained by regular replacement of medium and serum. The mitotic activity of the cell population under these conditions was one mitosis per 10(4) cells. No changes in the duration of the cell cycle were observed when, following long-term quiescence, the cell were replated and grown at low cell density. The results do not support the hypothesis that prolonged suppression of cell proliferation induces cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Blokhin
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
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19
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Pawelec G. Molecular and cell biological studies of ageing and their application to considerations of T lymphocyte immunosenescence. Mech Ageing Dev 1995; 79:1-32. [PMID: 7791403 DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(94)01549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Pawelec
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen Medical School, Germany
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20
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Svendsen L, Rattan SI, Clark BF. Testing garlic for possible anti-ageing effects on long-term growth characteristics, morphology and macromolecular synthesis of human fibroblasts in culture. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 1994; 43:125-133. [PMID: 7526077 DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(94)90009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects claimed for the use of garlic as a nutritional supplement include detoxification, antioxidation, antifungal activity, antibacterial activity, tumour suppression and, possibly, anti-ageing and rejuvenating effects. We have used the Hayflick system of cellular ageing in culture in order to test garlic for its anti-ageing effects on long-term growth characteristics, morphology and macromolecular synthesis of human skin fibroblasts. Our results show that an addition of garlic extract into the normal cell culture medium can support serial subculturing for over more than 55 population doublings in 475 days, and that this treatment has some youth-preserving, anti-ageing and beneficial effects on human fibroblasts in terms of maximum proliferative capacity and morphological characteristics. In comparison, similar or lesser doses of garlic extracts are growth inhibitory for cancerous cells that could not be grown over longer periods in the presence of garlic. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the effects of garlic on the long-term growth characteristics and macromolecular synthesis of normal human skin cells, the results of which have applications for both anti-ageing and anti-cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Svendsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Denmark
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21
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Calef E, Scotto d'Abusco A, Bianchi E, Gargano S, Fruscalzo A. The search for a gene involved in the determination of limited duplicative capacity in human cells. Genetica 1994; 94:249-53. [PMID: 7896143 DOI: 10.1007/bf01443438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
On the assumption that EBV integration into the genome of human B lymphocyte might lead to the inactivation of a hypothetical gene determining the limited duplicative capacity and consequently participate to the cell immortalization, a search for the human-virus junction was done. This led to the identification of a site of integration in the central part of the heavy chain of the immunoglobulin region. The coincidence of the involvement of the site in lymphomatogenesis with the first complete characterization of an integration site led to the speculation that the heavy chain gene itself might be an important controller of cell duplication in the B lymphocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Calef
- Dpt. of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
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22
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Clayson DB, Mehta R, Iverson F. International Commission for Protection Against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. Oxidative DNA damage--the effects of certain genotoxic and operationally non-genotoxic carcinogens. Mutat Res 1994; 317:25-42. [PMID: 7507571 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1110(94)90010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of oxidative DNA lesions are commonly present in untreated human and animal DNA. One of these lesions, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, has been shown to lead to base mispairing (mutation) on DNA replication. Other lesions remain to be investigated in this respect. Oxidative DNA lesions on cell replication may, in appropriate circumstances, lead to proto-oncogene activation. Oxidative DNA damage, on fixation, may also lead to cytotoxicity followed by regenerative proliferation. The probable or possible importance of oxidative DNA damage is reviewed for various classes of carcinogens and natural processes, including metal ions, high-energy radiation, miscellaneous chemicals, tumor-promoting agents, polyhydroxyphenols/quinones, lipid metabolism, peroxisome proliferators and thyroid function. It is concluded that although the evidence needs considerable strengthening in many of these examples, the available information indicates the potential importance of oxidative DNA damage in the induction of tumors by these agents. It is also possible that non-cancerous degenerative diseases associated with aging are the result of the accumulation of lesions resulting from unrepaired oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Clayson
- Toxicology Research Division, National Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
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23
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Norsgaard H, Glenting M, Kristensen P, Clark B, Rattan S. Aging, differentiation and apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes in culture. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1994; 19 Suppl 1:185-96. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4943(05)80064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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25
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Randerath K, Zhou GD, Hart RW, Turturro A, Randerath E. Biomarkers of aging: correlation of DNA I-compound levels with median lifespan of calorically restricted and ad libitum fed rats and mice. Mutat Res 1993; 295:247-63. [PMID: 7507561 DOI: 10.1016/0921-8734(93)90024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
I-compounds are species-, tissue-, genotype-, gender-, and diet-dependent bulky DNA modifications whose levels increase with animal age. While a few of these DNA modifications represent oxidation products, the majority of I-compounds appear to be derived from as yet unidentified endogenous DNA-reactive intermediates other than reactive oxygen species. Circadian rhythms of certain I-compounds in rodent liver imply that levels of these DNA modifications are precisely regulated. Caloric restriction (CR), the currently most effective method available to retard aging and carcinogenesis, has been previously shown to elicit significant elevations of I-compound levels in tissue DNA from Brown-Norway (BN) and F-344 rats as compared to age-matched ad libitum fed (AL) animals. The present investigation has extended this work by examining liver and kidney DNA I-compound levels in three genotypes of rats (F-344, BN, and F-344 x BN) and two genotypes of mice (C57BL/6N and B6D2F1) under identical experimental conditions in order to determine whether correlations exist between I-compound levels, measured in middle-aged animals, and median lifespan. Levels of a number of liver and kidney I-compounds were found to display genotype- and diet-dependent, statistically significant positive linear correlations with median lifespan in both species. In particular, the longer-lived hybrid F-344 x BN rats and B6D2F1 mice tended to exhibit higher I-compound levels than the parent strains. CR enhanced I-compound levels substantially in both rats and mice. Thus, I-compounds, measured at middle age, reflected the functional capability ('health') of the organism at old age, suggesting their predictive value as biomarkers of aging. The positive linear correlations between levels of certain I-compounds (designated as type I) and lifespan suggest that these modifications may be functionally important and thus not represent endogenous DNA lesions (type II), whose levels would be expected to correlate inversely with lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Randerath
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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26
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Wadhwa R, Kaul S, Sugimoto Y, Mitsui Y. Induction of cellular senescence by transfection of cytosolic mortalin cDNA in NIH 3T3 cells. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)41515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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27
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Barciszewski J, Rattan SI, Siboska GE, Otzen DE, Clark BF. Reduction in the amount of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in the DNA of SV40-transformed human fibroblasts as compared with normal cells in culture. FEBS Lett 1993; 318:186-8. [PMID: 8382629 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80018-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage due to oxidative free radicals is considered to be a major cause of ageing and age-related diseases including cancer. Of more than 20 modifications formed in DNA by the action of hydroxyl radicals, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (oh8dG) is potentially highly mutagenic and is known to occur most frequently. Using HPLC combined with electrochemical (HPLC/EC) detection of oh8dG, fivefold higher levels of oh8dG are detected in the DNA of cultured normal human skin fibroblasts as compared with SV40-transformed human fibroblasts MRC-5V2. In comparison, the levels of oh8dG were similar in the growth medium of both types of cells. Applications of this method range from studies on the genomic stability and instability of normal and cancerous cells to the clinical and laboratory testing of toxic substances and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barciszewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan
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28
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Wadhwa R, Kaul S, Ikawa Y, Sugimoto Y. Identification of a novel member of mouse hsp70 family. Its association with cellular mortal phenotype. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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29
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Perillo NL, Naeim F, Walford RL, Effros RB. The in vitro senescence of human T lymphocytes: failure to divide is not associated with a loss of cytolytic activity or memory T cell phenotype. Mech Ageing Dev 1993; 67:173-85. [PMID: 8469029 DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(93)90121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Normal human T lymphocytes, activated in vitro and cultured in the continuous presence of the growth factor interleukin 2 (IL2), have a limited proliferative potential. Senescent T cell cultures will not proliferate, even if restimulated by the original allogeneic stimulator cells. However, we have now observed that such restimulation induces an increase in the percentage of cells expressing the 55 kDa chain of the IL2 receptor (IL2R alpha, CD25) without any associated increase in cell number. A younger culture, which showed a comparable increase in CD25, underwent two population doublings in the same time period after restimulation. The senescent cultures, (primarily of the CD8+, cytotoxic/suppressor, phenotype), were also found to be highly potent and specific effector cells in a 51chromium release assay for cytolytic activity. Furthermore, senescent cultures maintain the surface phenotype of memory T cells. These findings demonstrate that while senescent T cells are unable to proliferate in response to restimulation or to IL2, they are able to recognize the foreign stimulator cells and to initiate an otherwise normal T cell response. Our results lend support to the hypothesis that in vitro senescence is not associated with a generalized decline in functional activity in a differentiated cell type, but with a specific event which limits cell division. Thus, the long term T lymphocyte culture system will be useful for studying the mechanism by which proliferation is blocked in these, apparently, post-mitotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Perillo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine 90024-1732
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30
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Eleftheriou CS, Trakas N, Kokla A, Tzartos SJ. A group of three fibroblast secreted polypeptides suppressed by cellular ageing and interferon-gamma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1180:304-12. [PMID: 7678507 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(93)90055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The structural and quantitative characteristics of many fibroblast-secreted proteins are modified during the in vitro cellular ageing. Here we report that three polypeptides (80, 84 and 87 kDa) absent from late passage fibroblast cultures, are constitutively secreted from young (early passage) cultures of various fibroblast strains whereas they are suppressed by the action of interferon-gamma. The three polypeptides were isolated and monoclonal antibodies were produced against the 84 kDa polypeptide. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that the three polypeptides share common epitopes. The 80 and 84 kDa polypeptides were studied further and proved to be glycosylated polypeptides exhibiting analogous CNBr digestion peptide maps and identity in their sequenced N-terminal segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Eleftheriou
- Department of Biochemistry, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
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31
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Kanduc D, Prisco M. Hepatic DNA methylation in young, middle-aged, and senescent rats: the effect of mitogen-induced cell proliferation. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE AND METABOLIC BIOLOGY 1992; 48:286-91. [PMID: 1282350 DOI: 10.1016/0885-4505(92)90075-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of a single dose of the hepatomitogen lead nitrate on the 5-methyldeoxycytidine (5-mdcyd) content and the HpaII, MspI, and HaeIII restriction patterns of hepatic DNA from young, middle-aged, and senescent rats. It was found that (i) the methylation pattern of genomic DNA changed significantly with age and (ii) the methylation patterns were differentially affected by the liver mitogen in the three cell populations here considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kanduc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bari, Italy
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