1
|
Herrera-Reinoza N, Tortelli Junior TC, Teixeira FDS, Chammas R, Salvadori MC. Role of galectin-3 in the elastic response of radial growth phase melanoma cancer cells. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1353-1362. [PMID: 37070727 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is originated from the malignant transformation of the melanocytes and is characterized by a high rate of invasion, the more serious stage compromising deeper layers of the skin and eventually leading to the metastasis. A high mortality due to melanoma lesion persists because most of melanoma lesions are detected in advanced stages, which decreases the chances of survival. The identification of the principal mechanics implicated in the development and progression of melanoma is essential to devise new early diagnosis strategies. Cell mechanics is related with a lot of cellular functions and processes, for instance motility, differentiation, migration and invasion. In particular, the elastic modulus (Young's modulus) is a very explored parameter to describe the cell mechanical properties; most cancer cells reported in the literature smaller elasticity modulus. In this work, we show that the elastic modulus of melanoma cells lacking galectin-3 is significantly lower than those of melanoma cells expressing galectin-3. More interestingly, the gradient of elastic modulus in cells from the nuclear region towards the cell periphery is more pronounced in shGal3 cells. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: AFM imaging and force spectroscopy were used to investigate the morphology and elasticity properties of healthy HaCaT cells and melanoma cells WM1366, with (shSCR) and without (shGal3) expression of galectin-3. It is shown the effect of galectin-3 protein on the elastic properties of cells: the cells without expression of galectin-3 presents lower elastic modulus. By the results, we suggest here that galectin-3 could be used as an effective biomarker of malignancy in both melanoma diagnostic and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roger Chammas
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vlassakis J, Hansen LL, Higuchi-Sanabria R, Zhou Y, Tsui CK, Dillin A, Huang H, Herr AE. Measuring expression heterogeneity of single-cell cytoskeletal protein complexes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4969. [PMID: 34404787 PMCID: PMC8371148 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimeric cytoskeletal protein complexes orchestrate normal cellular function. However, protein-complex distributions in stressed, heterogeneous cell populations remain unknown. Cell staining and proximity-based methods have limited selectivity and/or sensitivity for endogenous multimeric protein-complex quantification from single cells. We introduce micro-arrayed, differential detergent fractionation to simultaneously detect protein complexes in hundreds of individual cells. Fractionation occurs by 60 s size-exclusion electrophoresis with protein complex-stabilizing buffer that minimizes depolymerization. Proteins are measured with a ~5-hour immunoassay. Co-detection of cytoskeletal protein complexes in U2OS cells treated with filamentous actin (F-actin) destabilizing Latrunculin A detects a unique subpopulation (~2%) exhibiting downregulated F-actin, but upregulated microtubules. Thus, some cells may upregulate other cytoskeletal complexes to counteract the stress of Latrunculin A treatment. We also sought to understand the effect of non-chemical stress on cellular heterogeneity of F-actin. We find heat shock may dysregulate filamentous and globular actin correlation. In this work, our assay overcomes selectivity limitations to biochemically quantify single-cell protein complexes perturbed with diverse stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julea Vlassakis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Louise L Hansen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C Kimberly Tsui
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Statistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Amy E Herr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mechanics of actin filaments in cancer onset and progress. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 355:205-243. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
4
|
Mierke CT. The Role of the Optical Stretcher Is Crucial in the Investigation of Cell Mechanics Regulating Cell Adhesion and Motility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:184. [PMID: 31552247 PMCID: PMC6736998 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of cells, tissues, and the surrounding extracellular matrix environment play important roles in the process of cell adhesion and migration. In physiological and pathological processes of the cells, such as wound healing and cancer, the capacity to migrate through the extracellular matrix is crucial. Hence biophysical techniques were used to determine the mechanical properties of cells that facilitate the various migratory capacities. Since the field of mechanobiology is rapidly growing, the reliable and reproducible characterization of cell mechanics is required that facilitates the adhesion and migration of cells. One of these cell mechanical techniques is the optical stretching device, which was originally developed to investigate the mechanical properties of cells, such as the deformation of single cells in suspension. After discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the technology, the latest findings in optical stretching-based cell mechanics are presented in this review. Finally, the mechanical properties of cells are correlated with their migratory potential and it is pointed out how the inhibition of biomolecules that contribute to the to the maintenance of cytoskeletal structures in cells affect their mechanical deformability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Raudenska M, Kratochvilova M, Vicar T, Gumulec J, Balvan J, Polanska H, Pribyl J, Masarik M. Cisplatin enhances cell stiffness and decreases invasiveness rate in prostate cancer cells by actin accumulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1660. [PMID: 30733487 PMCID: PMC6367361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We focused on the biomechanical and morphological characteristics of prostate cancer cells and their changes resulting from the effect of docetaxel, cisplatin, and long-term zinc supplementation. Cell population surviving the treatment was characterized as follows: cell stiffness was assessed by atomic force microscopy, cell motility and invasion capacity were determined by colony forming assay, wound healing assay, coherence-controlled holographic microscopy, and real-time cell analysis. Cells of metastatic origin exhibited lower height than cells derived from the primary tumour. Cell dry mass and CAV1 gene expression followed similar trends as cell stiffness. Docetaxel- and cisplatin-surviving cells had higher stiffness, and decreased motility and invasive potential as compared to non-treated cells. This effect was not observed in zinc(II)-treated cells. We presume that cell stiffness changes may represent an important overlooked effect of cisplatin-based anti-cancer drugs. Atomic force microscopy and confocal microscopy data images used in our study are available for download in the Zenodo repository ( https://zenodo.org/ , Digital Object Identifiers:10.5281/zenodo.1494935).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kratochvilova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vicar
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Polanska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pribyl
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meinhövel F, Stange R, Schnauß J, Sauer M, Käs JA, Remmerbach TW. Changing cell mechanics—a precondition for malignant transformation of oral squamous carcinoma cells. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/aac72d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
7
|
Kamal M, Holliday DL, Morrison EE, Speirs V, Toomes C, Bell SM. Loss of CSMD1 expression disrupts mammary duct formation while enhancing proliferation, migration and invasion. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:283-292. [PMID: 28534981 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The CUB and sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) gene maps to chromosome 8p23, a region deleted in many cancers. Loss of CSMD1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer suggesting that it acts as a tumour suppressor in this cancer. However, the function of CSMD1 is largely unknown. Herein, we investigated CSMD1 functions in cell line models. CSMD1 expression was suppressed in MCF10A and LNCaP cells using short hairpin RNA. Functional assays were performed focusing on the 'normal' MCF10A cell line. Suppression of CSMD1 significantly increased the proliferation, cell migration and invasiveness of MCF10A cells compared to shcontrols. shCSMD1 cells also showed significantly reduced adhesion to Matrigel and fibronectin. In a three-dimensional Matrigel model of MCF10A cells, reduced CSMD1 expression resulted in the development of larger and more poorly differentiated breast acini-like structures that displayed impaired lumen formation. Loss of CSMD1 expression disrupts a model of mammary duct formation while enhancing proliferation, migration and invasion. Our data suggest that CSMD1 is involved in the suppression of a transformed phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamal
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Deborah L Holliday
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Ewan E Morrison
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Carmel Toomes
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Sandra M Bell
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Olivier E, Dutot M, Regazzetti A, Dargère D, Auzeil N, Laprévote O, Rat P. Lipid deregulation in UV irradiated skin cells: Role of 25-hydroxycholesterol in keratinocyte differentiation during photoaging. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 169:189-197. [PMID: 27208628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin photoaging due to UV irradiation is a degenerative process that appears more and more as a growing concern. Lipids, including oxysterols, are involved in degenerative processes; as skin cells contain various lipids, the aim of our study was to evaluate first, changes in keratinocyte lipid levels induced by UV exposure and second, cellular effects of oxysterols in cell morphology and several hallmarks of keratinocyte differentiation. Our mass spectrometry results demonstrated that UV irradiation induces changes in lipid profile of cultured keratinocytes; in particular, ceramides and oxysterols, specifically 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH), were increased. Using holography and confocal microscopy analyses, we highlighted cell thickening and cytoskeletal disruption after incubation of keratinocytes with 25-OH. These alterations were associated with keratinocyte differentiation patterns: autophagy stimulation and intracellular calcium increase as measured by cytofluorometry, and increased involucrin level detected by immunocytochemistry. To conclude, oxysterol deregulation could be considered as a common marker of degenerative disorders. During photoaging, 25-OH seems to play a key role inducing morphological changes and keratinocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Olivier
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Soliance-Givaudan, Route de Bazancourt, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Mélody Dutot
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire d'Evaluation Physiologique, Yslab, 2 rue Félix le Dantec, 29000 Quimper, France
| | - Anne Regazzetti
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Dargère
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Auzeil
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Laprévote
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Patrice Rat
- UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Steuer A, Wende K, Babica P, Kolb JF. Elasticity and tumorigenic characteristics of cells in a monolayer after nanosecond pulsed electric field exposure. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2017; 46:567-580. [PMID: 28365791 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) applied to cells can induce different biological effects depending on pulse duration and field strength. One known process is the induction of apoptosis whereby nsPEFs are currently investigated as a novel cancer therapy. Another and probably related change is the breakdown of the cytoskeleton. We investigated the elasticity of rat liver epithelial cells WB-F344 in a monolayer using atomic force microscopy (AFM) with respect to the potential of cells to undergo malignant transformation or to develop a potential to metastasize. We found that the elastic modulus of the cells decreased significantly within the first 8 min after treatment with 20 pulses of 100 ns and with a field strength of 20 kV/cm but was still higher than the elasticity of their tumorigenic counterpart WB-ras. AFM measurements and immunofluorescent staining showed that the cellular actin cytoskeleton became reorganized within 5 min. However, both a colony formation assay and a cell migration assay revealed no significant changes after nsPEF treatment, implying that cells seem not to adopt malignant characteristics associated with metastasis formation despite the induced transient changes to elasticity and cytoskeleton that can be observed for up to 1 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Steuer
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - K Wende
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - P Babica
- Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J F Kolb
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim D, Kim SY, Mun SK, Rhee S, Kim BJ. Epidermal growth factor improves the migration and contractility of aged fibroblasts cultured on 3D collagen matrices. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1017-25. [PMID: 25647660 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a critical role in fibroblasts by stimulating the production of collagen and supports cell renewal through the interaction between keratinocytes and fibroblasts. It is well known that the contractile activity of fibroblasts is required for the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which contributes to skin elasticity. However, the role of EGF in the contraction of aged fibroblasts under 3-dimensional (3D) culture conditions is not yet fully understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that young fibroblasts spread and proliferated more rapidly than aged fibroblasts under 2-dimensional (2D) culture conditions. Cell migration assay using a nested collagen matrix revealed that the migration of young fibroblasts was also greater than that of aged fibroblasts under 3D culture conditions. However, the addition of recombinant human EGF (rhEGF) resulted in the enhanced migration of aged fibroblasts; the migration rate was similar to that of the young fibroblasts. The aged fibroblasts showed decreased cluster formation compared with the young fibroblasts on the collagen matrix, which was improved by the addition of rhEGF. Furthermore, cell contraction assay revealed that the basal contractility of the aged fibroblasts was lower than that of the young fibroblasts; however, following treatment with rhEGF, the contractility was restored to levels similar or even higher to those of the young fibroblasts. Taken together, our results suggest that rhEGF is a potential renewal agent that acts to improve the migration and contraction of aged fibroblasts more efficiently than young fibroblasts under 3D culture conditions; thus, EGF may have valuable regenerative effects on aged skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daehwan Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Major in Biomedical Science, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog Kyun Mun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmyung Rhee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Major in Biomedical Science, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Biophysical characterization of bladder cancer cells with different metastatic potential. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 68:241-6. [PMID: 23793959 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Specific membrane capacitance (SMC) and Young's modulus are two important parameters characterizing the biophysical properties of a cell. In this work, the SMC and Young's modulus of two cell lines, RT4 and T24, corresponding to well differentiated (low grade) and poorly differentiated (high grade) urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC), respectively, were quantified using microfluidic and AFM measurements. Quantitative differences in SMC and Young's modulus values of the high-grade and low-grade UCC cells are, for the first time, reported.
Collapse
|
12
|
Babahosseini H, Roberts PC, Schmelz EM, Agah M. Bioactive sphingolipid metabolites modulate ovarian cancer cell structural mechanics. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 5:1385-92. [PMID: 24056950 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression is associated with an increased deformability of cancer cells and reduced resistance to mechanical forces, enabling motility and invasion. This is important for metastases survival and outgrowth and as such could be a target for chemopreventive strategies. In this study, we determined the differential effects of exogenous sphingolipid metabolites on the elastic modulus of mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells as they transition to cancer. Treatment with ceramide or sphingosine-1-phosphate in non-toxic concentrations decreased the average elastic modulus by 21% (p≤ 0.001) in transitional and 15% (p≤ 0.02) in aggressive stages while exerting no appreciable effect on non-malignant cells. In contrast, sphingosine treatment on average increased the elastic modulus by 33% (p≤ 0.0002) in aggressive cells while not affecting precursor cells. These results indicate that tumor-supporting sphingolipid metabolites act by making cells softer, while the anti-cancer metabolite sphingosine partially reverses the decreased elasticity associated with cancer progression. Thus, sphingosine may be a valid alternative to conventional chemotherapeutics in ovarian cancer prevention or treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Babahosseini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 100 Randolph Hall, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Parnyshkova EY, Bezgina EN, Kazakova LI, Vikhlyantsev IM, Tiras NR, Pavlik LL, Moshkov DA. Dopamine as a possible substance for oncotherapy and for quantitative valuation of cytosolic G-Actin. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350912050156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
|
14
|
Martin M, Müller K, Cadenas C, Hermes M, Zink M, Hengstler JG, Käs JA. ERBB2 overexpression triggers transient high mechanoactivity of breast tumor cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2012; 69:267-77. [PMID: 22407943 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical properties of tumor cells play an important role for the metastatic capacity of cancer. Cellular changes of viscoelastic features are prerequisite for cancer progression since they are essential for proliferation and metastasis. However, only little is known about the way how expression of oncogenes influences these biomechanical properties. To address this aspect we used a breast cancer cell line with inducible expression of an oncogenic version of ERBB2. ERBB2 is known to be correlated with bad prognosis in breast cancer. Cell elasticity was determined by the Optical Stretcher, where suspended cells are deformed by two slightly divergent laser beams. We found that induction of ERBB2 caused remarkable biomechanical alterations of the MCF-7 cells after 24 h: the cells actively contracted in response to mechanical stimuli, a phenomenon known as mechanoactivation. After this period, as the cells became senescent, the mechanoactivity returned to control levels. Time-resolved gene array analysis revealed that mechanoactivation was accompanied by temporal upregulation of 46 cytoskeletal genes. A possible role of these genes in tumor progression was investigated by expression analyses of 766 breast cancer patients. This showed an association of 12 out of these 46 genes with increased risk of metastasis. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of ERBB2 causes mechanoactivation of tumor cells, which may enhance tumor cell motility fostering distant metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Martin
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, and University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ketene AN, Roberts PC, Shea AA, Schmelz EM, Agah M. Actin filaments play a primary role for structural integrity and viscoelastic response in cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:540-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ib00168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alperen N. Ketene
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 100 Randolph Hall, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Fax: +1-540-231-3362; Tel: +1-540-231-4180
| | - Paul C. Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Corporate Research Center, Building 23 (ILSB), 1981 Kraft Drive (0913), Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Fax: +1-540-231-3414; Tel: +1-540-231-7949
| | - Amanda A. Shea
- Department of Human Nutrition Food & Exercise, Corporate Research Center, Building 23 (ILSB) 1981 Kraft Drive (0913), Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Fax: +1-540-231-5522; Tel: +1-540-231-0099
| | - Eva M. Schmelz
- Department of Human Nutrition Food & Exercise, Corporate Research Center, Building 23 (ILSB) 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Fax: +1-540-231-5522; Tel: +1-540-231-3649
| | - Masoud Agah
- VT MEMS Laboratory, The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 469 Whittemore Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Fax: +1-540-231-3362; Tel: +1-540-231-2653
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schulze C, Wetzel F, Kueper T, Malsen A, Muhr G, Jaspers S, Blatt T, Wittern KP, Wenck H, Käs JA. Stiffening of Human Skin Fibroblasts with Age. Clin Plast Surg 2012; 39:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
17
|
Single cell viability and impact of heating by laser absorption. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2011; 40:1109-14. [PMID: 21688081 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-011-0723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Optical traps such as tweezers and stretchers are widely used to probe the mechanical properties of cells. Beyond their large range of applications, the use of infrared laser light in optical traps causes significant heating effects in the cell. This study investigated the effect of laser-induced heating on cell viability. Common viability assays are not very sensitive to damages caused in short periods of time or are not practicable for single cell analysis. We used cell spreading, a vital ability of cells, as a new sensitive viability marker. The optical stretcher, a two beam laser trap, was used to simulate heat shocks that cells typically experience during measurements in optical traps. The results show that about 60% of the cells survived heat shocks without vital damage at temperatures of up to 58 ± 2°C for 0.5 s. By varying the duration of the heat shocks, it was shown that 60% of the cells stayed viable when exposed to 48 ± 2°C for 5 s.
Collapse
|
18
|
Schulze C, Wetzel F, Kueper T, Malsen A, Muhr G, Jaspers S, Blatt T, Wittern KP, Wenck H, Käs JA. Stiffening of human skin fibroblasts with age. Biophys J 2010; 99:2434-42. [PMID: 20959083 PMCID: PMC2956221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in mechanical properties are an essential characteristic of the aging process of human skin. Previous studies attribute these changes predominantly to the altered collagen and elastin organization and density of the extracellular matrix. Here, we show that individual dermal fibroblasts also exhibit a significant increase in stiffness during aging in vivo. With the laser-based optical cell stretcher we examined the viscoelastic biomechanics of dermal fibroblasts isolated from 14 human donors aged 27 to 80. Increasing age was clearly accompanied by a stiffening of the investigated cells. We found that fibroblasts from old donors exhibited an increase in rigidity of ∼60% with respect to cells of the youngest donors. A FACS analysis of the content of the cytoskeletal polymers shows a shift from monomeric G-actin to polymerized, filamentous F-actin, but no significant changes in the vimentin and microtubule content. The rheological analysis of fibroblast-populated collagen gels demonstrates that cell stiffening directly results in altered viscoelastic properties of the collagen matrix. These results identify a new mechanism that may contribute to the age-related impairment of elastic properties in human skin. The altered mechanical behavior might influence cell functions involving the cytoskeleton, such as contractility, motility, and proliferation, which are essential for reorganization of the extracellular matrix.
Collapse
|
19
|
The cytoskeletal organization of breast carcinoma and fibroblast cells inside three dimensional (3-D) isotropic silicon microstructures. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4552-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Bazer FW, Wu G, Spencer TE, Johnson GA, Burghardt RC, Bayless K. Novel pathways for implantation and establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in mammals. Mol Hum Reprod 2009; 16:135-52. [PMID: 19880575 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gap095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine receptivity to implantation varies among species, and involves changes in expression of genes that are coordinate with attachment of trophectoderm to uterine lumenal and superficial glandular epithelia, modification of phenotype of uterine stromal cells, silencing of receptors for progesterone and estrogen, suppression of genes for immune recognition, alterations in membrane permeability to enhance conceptus-maternal exchange of factors, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, increased vascularity of the endometrium, activation of genes for transport of nutrients into the uterine lumen, and enhanced signaling for pregnancy recognition. Differential expression of genes by uterine epithelial and stromal cells in response to progesterone, glucocorticoids, prostaglandins and interferons may influence uterine receptivity to implantation in mammals. Uterine receptivity to implantation is progesterone-dependent; however, implantation is preceded by loss of expression of receptors for progesterone (PGR) so that progesterone most likely acts via PGR-positive stromal cells throughout pregnancy. Endogenous retroviruses expressed by the uterus and/or blastocyst also affect implantation and placentation in various species. Understanding the roles of the variety of hormones, growth factors and endogenous retroviral proteins in uterine receptivity for implantation is essential to enhancing reproductive health and fertility in humans and domestic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuller W Bazer
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Nikkhah M, Strobl JS, Agah M. Attachment and response of human fibroblast and breast cancer cells to three dimensional silicon microstructures of different geometries. Biomed Microdevices 2008; 11:429-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-008-9249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
23
|
Bao N, Zhan Y, Lu C. Microfluidic Electroporative Flow Cytometry for Studying Single-Cell Biomechanics. Anal Chem 2008; 80:7714-9. [PMID: 18798650 DOI: 10.1021/ac801060t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Bao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Yihong Zhan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lincoln B, Wottawah F, Schinkinger S, Ebert S, Guck J. High-throughput rheological measurements with an optical stretcher. Methods Cell Biol 2007; 83:397-423. [PMID: 17613318 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(07)83017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a major determinant of the mechanical strength and morphology of most cells. The composition and assembly state of this intracellular polymer network evolve during the differentiation of cells, and the structure is involved in many cellular functions and is characteristically altered in many diseases, including cancer. Here we exploit the deformability of the cytoskeleton as a link between molecular structure and biological function, to distinguish between cells in different states by using a laser-based optical stretcher (OS) coupled with microfluidic handling of cells. An OS is a cell-sized, dual-beam laser trap designed to nondestructively test the deformability of single suspended cells. Combined with microfluidic delivery, many cells can be measured serially in a short amount of time. With this tool it could be shown that optical deformability is sensitive enough to monitor subtle changes during the progression of cells from normal to cancerous and even a metastatic state. Stem cells can also be distinguished from more differentiated cells. The surprisingly low number of cells required for this assay reflects the tight regulation of the cytoskeleton by the cell. This suggests the possibility of using optical deformability as an inherent cell marker for basic cell biological investigation, diagnosis of disease, and sorting of stem cells from heterogeneous populations, obviating the need for external markers or special preparation. Many additional biological assays can be easily adapted to utilize this innovative physical method. This chapter details the setup and use of the microfluidic OS, the analysis and interpretation of data, and the results of a typical experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Lincoln
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jensen HL. Herpes simplex virus type 1 morphogenesis and virus-cell interactions: significance of cytoskeleton and methodological aspects. APMIS 2006:7-55. [PMID: 16930175 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2006.apm_v114_s119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
26
|
Mason CW, Swaan PW, Weiner CP. Identification of interactive gene networks: a novel approach in gene array profiling of myometrial events during guinea pig pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 194:1513-23. [PMID: 16731067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2005] [Revised: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transition from myometrial quiescence to activation is poorly understood, and the analysis of array data is limited by the available data mining tools. We applied functional analysis and logical operations along regulatory gene networks to identify molecular processes and pathways underlying quiescence and activation. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed some 18,400 transcripts and variants in guinea pig myometrium at stages corresponding to quiescence and activation, and compared them to the nonpregnant (control) counterpart using a functional mapping tool, MetaCore (GeneGo, St Joseph, MI) to identify novel gene networks composed of biological pathways during mid (MP) and late (LP) pregnancy. RESULTS Genes altered during quiescence and or activation were identified following gene specific comparisons with myometrium from nonpregnant animals, and then linked to curated pathways and formulated networks. The MP and LP networks were subtracted from each other to identify unique genomic events during those periods. For example, changes 2-fold or greater in genes mediating protein biosynthesis, programmed cell death, microtubule polymerization, and microtubule based movement were noted during the transition to LP. CONCLUSION We describe a novel approach combining microarrays and genetic data to identify networks associated with normal myometrial events. The resulting insights help identify potential biomarkers and permit future targeted investigations of these pathways or networks to confirm or refute their importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford W Mason
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rattan SIS, Sodagam L. Gerontomodulatory and youth-preserving effects of zeatin on human skin fibroblasts undergoing aging in vitro. Rejuvenation Res 2005; 8:46-57. [PMID: 15798374 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2005.8.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our studies have shown that zeatin, (6-[4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enylamino]adenine), a cytokinin plant growth factor, has gerontomodulatory, youth preserving and anti-aging effects on serially passaged human adult skin fibroblasts undergoing aging in vitro. There were no immediate negative or toxic effects in terms of cell attachment, cell proliferation, cell survival, cytoskeletal organization, and cellular growth by treatment with zeatin concentrations between 1 and 200 microM. During long-term treatment, cells could be maintained throughout their replicative lifespan in the presence of 40, 80, and 200 microM zeatin, but the optimal concentration of zeatin's anti-aging and youth preserving effects was found to be 80 microM. Life-long serial passaging of human skin fibroblasts in the presence of zeatin resulted in the prevention of cell enlargement, reduction of intracellular debris, prevention of actin polymerization, and enhancement of cellular ability to decompose hydrogen peroxide and to cope with ethanol and oxidative stresses. Most importantly, anti-aging and beneficial effects of zeatin were observed without any induction of additional cell proliferation or an increase in the maximum proliferative capacity, thus ruling out any potentially harmful and carcinogenic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh I S Rattan
- Laboratory of Cellular Ageing, Danish Centre for Molecular Gerontology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus-C, Denmark.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Guck J, Schinkinger S, Lincoln B, Wottawah F, Ebert S, Romeyke M, Lenz D, Erickson HM, Ananthakrishnan R, Mitchell D, Käs J, Ulvick S, Bilby C. Optical deformability as an inherent cell marker for testing malignant transformation and metastatic competence. Biophys J 2005; 88:3689-98. [PMID: 15722433 PMCID: PMC1305515 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.045476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 897] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the mechanical properties of cells and their molecular architecture has been the focus of extensive research for decades. The cytoskeleton, an internal polymer network, in particular determines a cell's mechanical strength and morphology. This cytoskeleton evolves during the normal differentiation of cells, is involved in many cellular functions, and is characteristically altered in many diseases, including cancer. Here we examine this hypothesized link between function and elasticity, enabling the distinction between different cells, by using a microfluidic optical stretcher, a two-beam laser trap optimized to serially deform single suspended cells by optically induced surface forces. In contrast to previous cell elasticity measurement techniques, statistically relevant numbers of single cells can be measured in rapid succession through microfluidic delivery, without any modification or contact. We find that optical deformability is sensitive enough to monitor the subtle changes during the progression of mouse fibroblasts and human breast epithelial cells from normal to cancerous and even metastatic state. The surprisingly low numbers of cells required for this distinction reflect the tight regulation of the cytoskeleton by the cell. This suggests using optical deformability as an inherent cell marker for basic cell biological investigation and diagnosis of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Guck
- Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Geosciences, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lincoln B, Erickson HM, Schinkinger S, Wottawah F, Mitchell D, Ulvick S, Bilby C, Guck J. Deformability-based flow cytometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 59:203-9. [PMID: 15170599 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elasticity of cells is determined by their cytoskeleton. Changes in cellular function are reflected in the amount of cytoskeletal proteins and their associated networks. Drastic examples are diseases such as cancer, in which the altered cytoskeleton is even diagnostic. This connection between cellular function and cytoskeletal mechanical properties suggests using the deformability of cells as a novel inherent cell marker. METHODS The optical stretcher is a new laser tool capable of measuring cellular deformability. A unique feature of this deformation technique is its potential for high throughput, with the incorporation of a microfluidic delivery of cells. RESULTS Rudimentary implementation of the microfluidic optical stretcher has been used to measure optical deformability of several normal and cancerous cell types. A drastic difference has been seen between the response of red blood cells and polymorphonuclear cells for a given optically induced stress. MCF-10, MCF-7, and modMCF-7 cells were also measured, showing that while cancer cells stretched significantly more (five times) than normal cells, optical deformability could even be used to distinguish metastatic cancer cells from nonmetastatic cancer cells. This trimodal distribution was apparent after measuring a mere 83 cells, which shows optical deformability to be a highly regulated cell marker. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary work suggests a deformability-based cell sorter similar to current fluorescence-based flow cytometry without the need for specific labeling. This could be used for the diagnosis of all diseases, and the investigation of all cellular processes, that affect the cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Lincoln
- Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
As human somatic cells age, they stop replicating and enter an irreversible state of growth arrest known as replicative senescence. Senescent cells are viable, metabolically active, and display altered gene and protein expression compared to proliferating cells. Endothelial cells, both in vitro and in vivo, are known to undergo senescence. As endothelial cells are a critical component of the vasculature, senescence of these cells can have a significant impact of vascular integrity, function, and overall homeostasis. This review will summarize recent work to understand the molecular mechanisms of endothelial cell senescence and the resulting alterations in gene/protein expression in these cells. Endothelial cell senescence will then be discussed in the context of disease development with a focus on atherosclerosis, an important age-associated disease of the vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Foreman
- Department of Pathology, Skin Cancer Research Laboratories, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center-Room 302, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153-5385, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
El-Bacha T, de Freitas MS, Sola-Penna M. Cellular distribution of phosphofructokinase activity and implications to metabolic regulation in human breast cancer. Mol Genet Metab 2003; 79:294-9. [PMID: 12948745 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-7192(03)00117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic cells generally present profound changes in glucose metabolism. The mechanisms underlying such process are numerous and all may involve altered cellular hormonal responses. Here we report the first evidence that cellular location of phosphofructokinase activity in human breast cancer tissues is different from the one observed in control tissues and that this phenomenon may be involved in the increased glycolytic flux observed in those cells. Through co-sedimentation techniques, we observed that 60% of phosphofructokinase activity in neoplastic tissues is located in an actin-enriched fraction, against 36% in control tissues. Additionally, metastatic tumor tissues presented a two fold increase in this particulate activity when compared to non-metastatic tumor samples. We propose that the alteration in cellular distribution of phosphofructokinase activity in human breast cancer tissues is a mechanism associated to the process of cell transformation and may be a consequence of the altered hormonal milieu observed in several types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana El-Bacha
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo, Departamento de Fármacos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Illha do Fundão, CEP 21944-910, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lau KM, Tam NNC, Thompson C, Cheng RYS, Leung YK, Ho SM. Age-associated changes in histology and gene-expression profile in the rat ventral prostate. J Transl Med 2003; 83:743-57. [PMID: 12746483 DOI: 10.1097/01.lab.0000069519.06988.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of prostate diseases rises dramatically with age in men, yet little is understood of the mechanisms underlying prostatic senescence and its contribution to disease development in the gland. In Noble rats, aging of the ventral prostate (VP) is characterized morphologically by widespread atrophy of acini, increased accumulation of concretions in glandular lumen, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and focal epithelial atypia. We used a cDNA microarray containing 2388 known transcripts, together with the Tyramide Amplification System and t statistics, to identify differentially expressed genes in the VPs of young (3 months old) and old (16 months old) rats. A total of 78 VP genes were found to be differentially expressed by the two groups; in old rats, 65 VP genes (83%) showed reduced expression and 13 genes (17%) showed increased expression compared with young animals. The age-dependent underexpressed genes fell into several functional clusters: those involved in amino-acid metabolism, protein synthesis, protein secretion and degradation, vesicle/membrane trafficking, energy metabolism, signal transduction, spermidine and spermine syntheses, and cellular defense against stress. The overexpressed genes included iduronate 2-sulfatase, HLA class I locus C heavy chain, membrane cofactor protein of the complement system, TRPM-2, cadherin-associated protein-related, and X-CGD. Post hoc analyses confirmed a progressive decline in the expression of ribophorin II and BiP and a gradual increase in the expression of TRPM-2 in rat VPs as animals aged from 3 to 19 months old. In conclusion, the observed widespread declines in expression of genes involved in protein synthesis, protein fidelity maintenance, anabolism, growth inhibition, and energy metabolism, together with increased expression of genes implicated in cell survival in the VPs of senescent rats, may help explain the susceptibility of the prostates of elderly men to development of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Mang Lau
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rennefahrt UEE, Illert B, Kerkhoff E, Troppmair J, Rapp UR. Constitutive JNK activation in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts induces a partially transformed phenotype. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:29510-8. [PMID: 12039958 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m203010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) (also known as stress-activated protein kinases or SAPKs), members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, regulate gene expression in response to a variety of physiological and unphysiological stimuli. Gene knockout experiments and the use of dominant interfering mutants have pointed to a role for JNKs in the processes of cell differentiation and survival as well as oncogenic transformation. Direct analysis of the transforming potential of JNKs has been hampered so far by the lack of constitutively active forms of these kinases. Recently, such mutants have become available by fusion of the MAPK with its direct upstream activator kinase. We have generated a constitutively active SAPK beta-MKK7 hybrid protein and, using this constitutively active kinase, we are able to demonstrate the transforming potential of activated JNK, which is weaker than that of classical oncogenes such as Ras or Raf. The inducible expression of SAPK beta-MKK7 caused morphological transformation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Additionally, these cells formed small foci of transformed cells and grew anchorage-independent in soft agar. Furthermore, similar to oncogenic Ras and Raf, the expression of activated SAPK beta resulted in the disassembly of F-actin stress fibers. Our data suggest that constitutive JNK activation elicits major aspects of cellular transformation but is unable to induce the complete set of changes which are required to establish the fully transformed phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike E E Rennefahrt
- Institut für Medizinische Strahlenkunde und Zellforschung, Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Penso J, Beitner R. Detachment of glycolytic enzymes from cytoskeleton of Lewis lung carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma cells induced by clotrimazole and its correlation to cell viability and morphology. Mol Genet Metab 2002; 76:181-8. [PMID: 12126931 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-7192(02)00046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by a high rate of glycolysis, which is their primary energy source. Glycolysis is known to be controlled by allosteric regulators, as well as by reversible binding of glycolytic enzymes to cytoskeleton. We report here that clotrimazole (l-(alpha-2-chlorotrityl)imidazole), the antifungal azole derivative, which was recently recognized as calmodulin antagonist, induced a dose-dependent detachment of the glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (ATP: D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11) and aldolase (D-fructose-l,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase, EC 4.1.2.13), from cytoskeleton of LL/2 Lewis lung carcinoma cells and CT-26 colon adenocarcinoma cells. The detachment of glycolytic enzymes from cytoskeleton would reduce the provision of local ATP, in the vicinity of the cytoskeleton membrane, and would also affect cytoskeleton structure and cell shape. We show here that clotrimazole decreased the viability of LL/2 Lewis lung carcinoma cells and CT-26 colon adenocarcinoma cells. After 3h of incubation with clotrimazole, complete cell destruction was detected. Ultrastructural cell damage was manifested by disintegration of the outer membrane by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The detachment of glycolytic enzymes from cytoskeleton, induced by clotrimazole, preceded the decrease in cell viability, which indicates that this is an early effect and not a result of cell death. Since the cytoskeleton is being recognized as an important modulator of cell function, proliferation, differentiation, and neoplasia, detachment of the glycolytic enzymes from cytoskeleton induced by clotrimazole, as well as its reported inhibitory action on cell proliferation, makes this drug the most promising agent in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Penso
- Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shibutani M, Takahashi N, Kobayashi T, Uneyama C, Masutomi N, Nishikawa A, Hirose M. Molecular profiling of genes up-regulated during promotion by phenobarbital treatment in a medium-term rat liver bioassay. Carcinogenesis 2002; 23:1047-55. [PMID: 12082028 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/23.6.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In search of genes that are steadily up-regulated during the promotion stage in carcinogenesis, suppression PCR subtractive hybridization and following northern blot screening were performed using a phenobarbital (PB)-promotion model based on a medium-term liver bioassay. Two weeks after a single injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 200 mg/kg body wt, i.p.), rats were given 600 p.p.m. PB in the drinking water for up to 64 weeks. For comparison, animals fed 1 p.p.m. ethinylestradiol (EE) or 3000 p.p.m. butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the diet at promotion stage were also included. Rats were subjected to partial hepatectomy (PH) at week 3. In addition, dose-dependence of PB at week 8 of promotion and responsiveness to representative non-genotoxic carcinogens without DEN initiation were examined. Fragments of a total of 67 different genes were isolated from the up-regulated gene population in the liver at day 10 of PB treatment by subtracting from basal expression of DEN + PH alone. Using northern blot screening for signal-detectable 48 genes, 16 genes showed up-regulation in the livers at week 8 of promotion, common to the PB and EE treatments with the levels being three times or more than the basal expression of unpromoted liver. The majority of these genes were also up-regulated at week 8 by BHT treatment, and were also constitutively expressed in the DEN(-), PH(-) untreated rat livers. Among the up-regulated genes common to the PB and EE promotion, and not responding to the non-genotoxic carcinogens in uninitiated liver, the following six genes showed overexpression in PB-promoted hepatocellular carcinomas at week 64, with the levels three times or more than untreated rat liver: ubiquitously expressed mammalian ABC half transporter, apolipoprotein A4, nuclear receptor binding factor-2, CD81, hypothetical protein (HSPC014) and one unidentified gene. These genes might be candidates for biomarkers in screening of non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens by analysis in two-stage carcinogenesis models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Shibutani
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lekka M, Laidler P, Ignacak J, Łabedz M, Lekki J, Struszczyk H, Stachura Z, Hrynkiewicz AZ. The effect of chitosan on stiffness and glycolytic activity of human bladder cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1540:127-36. [PMID: 11513974 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(01)00125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The cell's cytoskeleton together with the cell membrane and numerous accessory proteins determines the mechanical properties of cell. Any factors influencing cell organization and structure can cause alterations in mechanical properties of cell (its ability for deformation and adhesion). The determination of the local elastic properties of cells in their culture conditions has opened the possibility for the measurement of the influence of different factors on the mechanical properties of the living cells. The effect of the chitosan on the stiffness of the non-malignant transitional epithelial cells of ureter (HCV 29) and the transitional cell cancer of urine bladder (T24) was determined using scanning force microscopy. The investigations were performed in the culture medium (RPMI 1640) containing 10% fetal calf serum in the presence of the microcrystalline chitosan of the three different deacetylation degrees. In parallel, the effect of chitosan on production of lactate and ATP level was determined. The results showed the strong correlation between the decrease of the energy production and the increase in Young's modulus values obtained for the cancer cells treated with chitosan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lekka
- The H. Niewodniczañski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Cracow, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang Q, Li Y, Howard TH. Hair-forming activity of human lymphocyte specific protein 1 requires cooperation between its caldesmon-like domains and the villin headpiece-like domains. CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON 2001; 49:179-88. [PMID: 11746662 DOI: 10.1002/cm.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
LSP1 is an F-actin binding with multiple F-actin binding domains. Overexpression of LSP1 in NAD 47/89 patient's neutrophils created hair-like projections on the patient's neutrophil cell surfaces and inhibited neutrophil cell motility and transfection of LSP1 in serial cell lines recreate the NAD 47/89 phenotype and produce branching hair-like surface projections. Although LSP1 contains hair-forming ability and LSP1 F-actin binding domains have been defined, the LSP1 domains responsible for its hair-forming activity, the relationship to the F-actin binding domains, and the required domain interactions, if any, for hair formation are not well understood. To define the hair-forming domains of LSP1, the relationship to the known F-actin binding domains, and binding domain interactions, LSP1 truncates, which include or exclude the different F-actin binding domains, were created by PCR. LSP1 mutants were created by site-directed mutagenesis to define the amino acids important for hair formation. Sf9 cells were infected with recombinant baculovirus expressing the cDNA of LSP1 truncates and mutants, and the morphology of infected Sf9 cells was documented by DIC optics. Results show that (1) the hair-forming activity of LSP1 is localized to the basic C-terminal half of the molecule, which contains all of the F-actin binding domains; (2) both the caldesmon-like domains and the villin headpiece-like domains are required for the hair-forming activity of LSP1; (3) basic amino acids in the villin headpiece regions are crucial for the hair-forming activity of LSP1 molecule. The results suggest cooperation between the caldesmon-like domains and the villin headpiece-like domains are required for the hair-forming activity of human LSP1 in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Al, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Schwartz D, Beitner R. Detachment of the glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase and aldolase, from cytoskeleton of melanoma cells, induced by local anesthetics. Mol Genet Metab 2000; 69:159-64. [PMID: 10720443 DOI: 10.1006/mgme.2000.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by a high rate of glycolysis, which is their primary energy source. An important mechanism that controls glycolysis is the reversible binding of glycolytic enzymes to cytoskeleton. We report here that the local anesthetics, lidocaine and bupivacaine, induced a dose-dependent detachment of the glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) and aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13), from cytoskeleton of B16 melanoma cells. The detachment of glycolytic enzymes from cytoskeleton would reduce the provision of local ATP, in the vicinity of cytoskeleton-membrane and would also affect cytoskeleton structure. We show here that the local anesthetics decreased the viability of melanoma cells. The detachment of the glycolytic enzymes from cytoskeleton, induced by the drugs, preceded melanoma cell death, which indicates that this is an early effect and not a result of cell death. Bupivacaine was more potent than lidocaine both on the glycolytic enzymes and on cell viability. The present results suggest that local anesthetics, and especially bupivacaine, are promising drugs for the treatment of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Schwartz
- Health Sciences Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jensen HL, Norrild B. The effects of cell passages on the cell morphology and the outcome of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. J Virol Methods 2000; 84:139-52. [PMID: 10680963 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(99)00129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Because cell cultures are essential in biological research which involves the analysis of virus morphogenesis, this study focused on examining the significance of cell passages. Human embryonic lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) at passage (P) 27 were seeded twice a week to P 32, P 40, and P 48, when just at confluence and then infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The structure of the non-virus-infected (MOCK) and HSV-1 infected cells, the amount of cellular infectious virus particles and the capability to express HSV-1 glycoproteins C (gC-1) and D (gD-1) were investigated by phase-contrast and immunofluorescence light microscopy, immunogold cryosection EM, plaque assays, immunoblots, and total protein assays. Modified cell structure including fragmentation of tubulin fibers were visible in MOCK from P 38 onwards. The quantity of vimentin remained unchanged while actin accumulated and beta-tubulin decreased in HSV-1 infected late P cells compared to early P cultures. Cells of high P counts contained significantly fewer infectious virus particles, very likely of lower virulence, and their expression of gC-1 and gD-1 were concordantly reduced. These observations indicate that the number of cell P must be considered in order to reproduce results of cell biology and viral morphogenesis. The MRC-5 cells ought not to be passaged more than ten times beyond P 27 in the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H L Jensen
- The Protein Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Pathology, University of Copenhagen, The Panum Institute, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shweiki D. The physical imperative in circadian rhythm: a cytoskeleton-related physically resettable clock mechanism hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 1999; 53:413-20. [PMID: 10616043 DOI: 10.1054/mehy.1998.0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Organisms maintaining circadian rhythmicity are responding to physical constraint of a 24-hour cycle. Time-cue sensing is fundamental to the clock existence, and entrainment of circadian rhythm is indeed accessible to a wide variety of geophysical stimuli. Light-dark and temperature changes are the main time-cues. Additional physical forces such as barometric pressure, electrostatic and electromagnetic fields and gravity force, display a daily cyclic behavior and can function as secondary time-cues. A conceptual framework that contains explanations to all circadian properties including cell autonomous, environmental responsiveness and self-sustained character, is still lacking. It is argued that clock responsiveness to external cues is central to the cellular clock mechanism, and therefore, the nature of the time-cues and the pathways that enable the cell to respond to physical stimuli are of central importance. A role for cytoskeleton in clock entrainment mechanism is suggested in light of cytoskeleton's major involvement in cellular mechanotransduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Shweiki
- The Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Glass-Marmor L, Penso J, Beitner R. Ca2+-induced changes in energy metabolism and viability of melanoma cells. Br J Cancer 1999; 81:219-24. [PMID: 10496345 PMCID: PMC2362860 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by a high rate of glycolysis, which is their primary energy source. We show here that a rise in intracellular-free calcium ion (Ca2+), induced by Ca2+-ionophore A23187, exerted a deleterious effect on glycolysis and viability of B16 melanoma cells. Ca2+-ionophore caused a dose-dependent detachment of phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11), one of the key enzymes of glycolysis, from cytoskeleton. It also induced a decrease in the levels of glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, the two stimulatory signal molecules of glycolysis. All these changes occurred at lower concentrations of the drug than those required to induce a reduction in viability of melanoma cells. We also found that low concentrations of Ca2+-ionophore induced an increase in adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), which most probably resulted from the increase in mitochondrial-bound hexokinase, which reflects a defence mechanism. This mechanism can no longer operate at high concentrations of the Ca2+-ionophore, which causes a decrease in mitochondrial and cytosolic hexokinase, leading to a drastic fall in ATP and melanoma cell death. The present results suggest that drugs which are capable of inducing accumulation of intracellular-free Ca2+ in melanoma cells would cause a reduction in energy-producing systems, leading to melanoma cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Glass-Marmor
- Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Soltysik-Espanola M, Rogers RA, Jiang S, Kim TA, Gaedigk R, White RA, Avraham H, Avraham S. Characterization of Mayven, a novel actin-binding protein predominantly expressed in brain. Mol Biol Cell 1999; 10:2361-75. [PMID: 10397770 PMCID: PMC25454 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.10.7.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton plays an important role in neuronal morphogenesis. We have identified and characterized a novel actin-binding protein, termed Mayven, predominantly expressed in brain. Mayven contains a BTB (broad complex, tramtrack, bric-a-brac)/POZ (poxvirus, zinc finger) domain-like structure in the predicted N terminus and "kelch repeats" in the predicted C-terminal domain. Mayven shares 63% identity (77% similarity) with the Drosophila ring canal ("kelch") protein. Somatic cell-hybrid analysis indicated that the human Mayven gene is located on chromosome 4q21.2, whereas the murine homolog gene is located on chromosome 8. The BTB/POZ domain of Mayven can self-dimerize in vitro, which might be important for its interaction with other BTB/POZ-containing proteins. Confocal microscopic studies of endogenous Mayven protein revealed a highly dynamic localization pattern of the protein. In U373-MG astrocytoma/glioblastoma cells, Mayven colocalized with actin filaments in stress fibers and in patchy cortical actin-rich regions of the cell margins. In primary rat hippocampal neurons, Mayven is highly expressed in the cell body and in neurite processes. Binding assays and far Western blotting analysis demonstrated association of Mayven with actin. This association is mediated through the "kelch repeats" within the C terminus of Mayven. Depolarization of primary hippocampal neurons with KCl enhanced the association of Mayven with actin. This increased association resulted in dynamic changes in Mayven distribution from uniform to punctate localization along neuronal processes. These results suggest that Mayven functions as an actin-binding protein that may be translocated along axonal processes and might be involved in the dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton in brain cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Soltysik-Espanola
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ayala I, Babià T, Baldassarre M, Pompeo A, Fabra A, Kok JW, Luini A, Buccione R, Egea G. Morphological and biochemical analysis of the secretory pathway in melanoma cells with distinct metastatic potential. FEBS Lett 1999; 451:315-20. [PMID: 10371212 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we have investigated whether alterations of the morphological and functional aspects of the biosecretory membrane system are associated with the metastatic potential of tumor cells. To this end, we have analyzed the morphology of the Golgi complex, the cytoskeleton organization and membrane trafficking steps of the secretory pathway in two human melanoma A375 cell line variants with low (A375-P) and high metastatic (A375-MM) potential. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that in A375-P cells, the Golgi complex showed a collapsed morphology. Conversely, in A375-MM cells, the Golgi complex presented a reticular and extended morphology. At the ultrastructural level, the Golgi complex of A375-P cells was fragmented and cisternae were swollen. When the cytoskeleton was analyzed, the microtubular network appeared normal in both cell variants, whereas actin stress fibers were largely absent in A375-P, but not in A375-MM cells. In addition, the F-actin content in A375-P cells was significantly lower than in A375-MM cells. These morphological differences in A375-P cells were accompanied by acceleration and an increase in the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi and the trans-Golgi network to cell surface membrane transport, respectively. Our results indicate that in human A375 melanoma cells, metastatic potential correlates with a well-structured morphofunctional organization of the Golgi complex and actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ayala
- Dept. Biologica Cellular, Facultat de Medicina, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universität de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- R Beitner
- Department of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kim JJ, Jaffe RC, Fazleabas AT. Comparative studies on the in vitro decidualization process in the baboon (Papio anubis) and human. Biol Reprod 1998; 59:160-8. [PMID: 9675007 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod59.1.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of decidualization involves the morphological and functional transformation of stromal fibroblasts to decidual cells. The objective of this study was to define appropriate in vitro culture conditions required for decidualization of baboon stromal cells. Parallel studies were also done with human endometrial stromal cells for comparative analysis. Human stromal cells produced prolactin and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 in response to hormones (estradiol-17beta [36 nM], medroxyprogesterone acetate [1 microM], and relaxin [100 ng/ml]), and production was enhanced in the presence of 0.1 mM dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP). By contrast, baboon cells did not produce any detectable levels of prolactin, even in the presence of hormones and dbcAMP. IGFBP-1 expression in baboon stromal cells was detectable by Day 6 of hormone and dbcAMP treatment and increased exponentially thereafter. In both human and baboon stromal cells, alpha smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA) expression, an early marker for decidualization in the baboon in vivo, was induced spontaneously under normal culture conditions. Furthermore, a decrease in alphaSMA expression was observed in cells producing high levels of IGFBP-1. Human cells produced significant levels of IGFBP-1 (p < or = 0.01) in response to short-term dbcAMP treatment (48 h) after 2 and 12 days of hormone treatment. However, baboon stromal cells required 17 days of hormonal treatment before cells became responsive to short-term dbcAMP treatment (p < or = 0.01). Finally, human endometrial stromal cells expressed the protein kinase A regulatory subunits RIalpha, RIbeta, RIIalpha, and RIIbeta whereas baboon stromal cells expressed RIalpha, RIIalpha, and RIIbeta. No difference in the mRNA expression of these isoforms was observed in decidualized or nondecidualized cells of either human or baboon endometrium. Our observations indicate that baboon stromal cells can be induced to decidualize in vitro and that this requires dbcAMP in addition to hormones. This is the first report demonstrating in vitro decidualization in a nonhuman primate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nusbaum NJ. The Aging/Cancer Connection. Am J Med Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(15)40270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- N J Nusbaum
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fujita H, Allen PG, Janmey PA, Azuma T, Kwiatkowski DJ, Stossel TP, Furu-uchi K, Kuzumaki N. Characterization of gelsolin truncates that inhibit actin depolymerization by severing activity of gelsolin and cofilin. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 248:834-9. [PMID: 9342236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gelsolin is a calcium-activated actin-binding protein with six subdomains. The N-terminal (G1) domain is essential for actin-filament-severing activity while other domains within G2-3 position the protein on the filament side allowing G1 to sever. In order to generate reagents capable of competitively inhibiting endogenous gelsolin and, potentially, other actin filament regulatory protein, we expressed several truncates of gelsolin in Escherichia coli, and analyzed how they affected the in vitro activity of two different actin-binding proteins, gelsolin and cofilin. A Ca2+-sensitive truncate containing G2-6 inhibited the F-actin-depolymerizing activities of both gelsolin and cofilin, while a G2-3 truncate was less effective. Using two independent assays, our results support the idea that gelsolin truncates inhibit actin filament severing and do not markedly affect actin subunit dissociation kinetics. Cosedimentation assays in the presence of calcium demonstrate that the G2-6 truncate binds to F-actin more strongly than the G2-3 truncate consistent with a protection mechanism by conformational change of F-actin and/or competitive binding to actin filaments which depends upon the presence of actin filament binding domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Fujita
- Division of Gene Regulation, Cancer Institute, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Parkkinen JJ, Lammi MJ, Ågren U, Tammi M, Keinänen TA, Hyvönen T, Eloranta TO. Polyamine-dependent alterations in the structure of microfilaments, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and proteoglycan synthesis in BHK cells. J Cell Biochem 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19970801)66:2<165::aid-jcb4>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
50
|
Glass-Marmor L, Beitner R. Detachment of glycolytic enzymes from cytoskeleton of melanoma cells induced by calmodulin antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 328:241-8. [PMID: 9218707 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)83051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis, which is the primary energy source in cancer cells, is known to be controlled by allosteric regulators, as well as by reversible binding of glycolytic enzymes to cytoskeleton. We have previously found that different calmodulin antagonists decrease the levels of allosteric activators of glycolysis, and reduce ATP content and cell viability in B16 melanoma cells. Here we report of a novel, additional, mechanism of action of calmodulin antagonists in melanoma cells. We show that these drugs cause a detachment of the glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (ATP: D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11) and aldolase (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase, EC 4.1.2.13), from cytoskeleton of B16 melanoma cells. This effect was dose- and time-dependent, and preceded the decrease in cell viability. The detachment of glycolytic enzymes from cytoskeleton would reduce the provision of local ATP, in the vicinity of the cytoskeleton-membrane and would affect cytoskeleton structure. Since the cytoskeleton is being recognized as an important modulator of cell function, proliferation, differentiation and neoplasia, detachment of the glycolytic enzymes from cytoskeleton induced by calmodulin antagonists, as well as their reported inhibitory action on cell proliferation, make these drugs most promising agents in treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Glass-Marmor
- Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|